MEASUREMENT AND

INSTRUMENTATION
LAB-2
Engr. Mushaf Ur Rehman Khan
Lab Engineer
Mechanical Department UET Mardan
Temperature Measurement Instruments

LAB-2
■ To understand the basics of a temperature measurement instruments i-e of Pt100,
and thermocouple, its construction, Thermocouple types and its working principal of
instruments. Also using a Pt100, and K-type thermocouple for temperature
measurement.
Thermocouple:
■ A thermocouple is a sensor that measures temperature. It consists of two different
types of metals, joined together at one end. When the junction of the two metals is
heated or cooled, a voltage is created that can be correlated back to the
temperature.

Types:
Working of a thermocouple:

■ Seebeck Effect:
– In 1821 Thomas SeeBeck finds a relation between heat and electricity. It is a
phenomenon in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar
electrical conductor produces a voltage difference between two substances.
Construction:
What if the metal is same?
What if the metal is different ?
Pt100:
■ PT 100 temperature sensors are the most common type of platinum resistance
thermometer. Pt refers to that the sensor is made from Platinum (Pt). 100 refers to
that at 0°C the sensor has a resistance of 100 ohms (Ω).
■ A PT100 temperature sensor is one type of sensor which falls into a group called
Resistance Temperature Detectors or RTDs.
■ There are other materials that can be used such as Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) and
different resistance values such as 50Ω, 500Ω and 1000Ω. This gives the
possibility of sensors being identified as follows: Cu100, Ni120, Pt1000.
Working Principle:
■ The working principle of a Pt100 (or RTD) is that it changes resistance when the
temperature of the medium they are inserted in changes. Resistance varies in
somewhat linear fashion to the temperature. So, temperature increases the
resistance of RTD (Pt100) also increases.
■ For every degree rise, Pt100 changes resistance +0.385% ohm.
■ So, as we know for Pt100 at 0 degree Celsius the resistance is 100 ohm so for 100
degree Celsius the resistance will be 138.5 ohm.
How to find the temperature from
resistance
■ ΔT = (R(T2) / R(T1)-1) / α
where, R(T2) is the resistance at tempertaure of the medium under obervation ,
R(T1) is the resistance at 0 degree celcius and α is the coefficient of resistance.
■ Lets say we have the resistance of 177 ohm so what will be the temperature?
ΔT = (177 / 100 - 1) / 0.00385
ΔT = 200 ˚C