PPT

LESSON PROPER

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

1. Learning is an active process.

2. The more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning.
3. A non-threatening atmosphere enhances learning.
4. Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning.
5. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to students’ everyday life.
6. Good teaching goes beyond recall of information.
7. An integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching isolated bits of
information.
8. There is no such thing as best teaching method. The best method is the one that works,
the one that yields results.

INTEGRATIVE STRATEGIES

Integrative teaching strategies are a set of techniques that aim to create a more holistic
and engaging learning experience for students. These strategies are designed to help students
connect different concepts and ideas across different subjects, making it easier for them to
understand and retain information.

Brain-based Instructional Strategies

- Authentic Problem Solving

- Using Projects
- Simulations and Role Play
- Visual Processing
- Songs, Jingles, Raps
- Mnemonic Strategies
- Writing Strategies
- Active Review
- Hands-on Activities

Benefits of Brain-Based Learning

When information is presented in a way that accounts for the brain’s ability to process it,
it can vastly improve the learning experience. It can train students to think and reason at a higher
level (critical thinking) and provide instruction in a more relevant and interesting to the students.
Brain-based learning supports:
> Skills retention
> Higher academic performance
> Academic progression
> Resiliency
> Long-term memory
> Brain health and function
> Mood
> Classroom cooperation
> Motivation
> A positive attitude

DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND METHODS

Direct/Expository Instruction Approach

Direct instruction is a way of teaching which is aimed at helping students acquire some
basic skills and "procedural knowledge." It is straight forward and is done in "a step-by- step
manner."

Examples:
• Sample Lessons with Step-By-Step Tasks
• Executing steps of a folkdance
• Steps in preparing a meal
• Writing a letter
• Solving Math problems
Indirect/Guided Exploratory Approach
Is a teaching method where the teacher guides the learner to discover things for
themselves.
The teacher facilitates the learning process by allowing the learner to be engaged in the
learning process with their guidance.
This approach is best used when the learning process is inquiry-based, the result is
discovery, and the learning context is a problem.

Examples:
> Sensing and defining the problem: Students are presented with a problem or question to solve.
They are then asked to identify what they know and what they need to find out.
> Formulating hypothesis: Students are asked to make an educated guess about what they think
will happen based on their observations.
> Testing the likely hypothesis: Students are asked to design an experiment to test their
hypothesis.
> Analysis, interpretation and evaluation of evidence: Students are asked to analyze the data they
have collected and draw conclusions based on their findings.
> Formulating conclusion: Students are asked to summarize their findings and draw conclusions
based on their analysis.

 Lesson Proper
*Guiding Principles*
1. Learning is an active process. This principle emphasizes that students learn best
when they are actively engaged in the learning process.
2. The more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the
learning. Involving multiple senses in learning can enhance the learning experience.
Consider incorporating visual aids, hands-on activities, and group work into your
lesson.
3. A non-threatening atmosphere enhances learning.
4. Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning.
5. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to students’ everyday life.
6. Good teaching goes beyond recall of information.
7. An integrated teaching approach is far more effective than teaching isolated bits
of information.
8. There is no such thing as best teaching method. The best method is the one that
works, the one that yields results.
*Integrative Strategies*
Integrative teaching strategies are a set of techniques that aim to create a more holistic and
engaging learning experience for students. These strategies are designed to help students connect
different concepts and ideas across different subjects, making it easier for them to understand and
retain information.

**Brain-based Instructional Strategies**

Brain-based lesson planning does not follow a template—mainly because the basic
premise of brain-based learning is that every brain is unique, so a one-size-fits-all approach does
not work. Learning different things requires different approaches for different people, depending
on variables such as prior learning, experience, preferred modalities, and the type of skill being
taught. Thus, a toolbox rather than a template is the basis for brain-based lesson planning.

Brain-Based Teaching Strategies

- Authentic Problem Solving
- Using Projects
- Simulations and Role Play
- Visual Processing
- Songs, Jingles, Raps
- Mnemonic Strategies
- Writing Strategies
- Active Review
- Hands-on Activities

Benefits of Brain-Based Learning

When information is presented in a way that accounts for the brain’s ability to process it,
it can vastly improve the learning experience. It can train students to think and reason at a higher
level (critical thinking) and provide instruction in a more relevant and interesting to the students.
Brain-based learning supports:
 Skills retention
 Higher academic performance
 Academic progression
 Resiliency
 Long-term memory
 Brain health and function
  Mood
 Classroom cooperation
 Motivation
 A positive attitude

*Different Approaches and Methods*

Methods and approaches are determined by how much teacher direction and how much
student participation are required.

Direct/Expository Instruction Approach

Direct instruction is a way of teaching which is aimed at helping students acquire some basic
skills and "procedural knowledge." It is straight forward and is done in "a step-by- step manner."
The emphasis is on how to execute the steps of the entire procedure. This may involve a simple
or a complex skill such as solving a problem by using mathematical equations.
It includes presentation and recitation, as well as teacher-student interactions. Attention is
focused on every detail of the procedure. Content mastery and overlearning of fundamental facts.
Teachers need to arouse of heighten the interest of the students.
Examples:
• Sample Lessons with Step-By-Step Tasks
• Executing steps of a folkdance
•Steps in preparing a meal
•Writing a letter
• Solving Math problems

Indirect/Guided Exploratory Approach

Is a teaching method where the teacher guides the learner to discover things for themselves. The
teacher facilitates the learning process by allowing the learner to be engaged in the learning
process with their guidance. This approach is best used when the learning process is inquiry-
based, the result is discovery, and the learning context is a problem.

Examples:
> Sensing and defining the problem: Students are presented with a problem or question to solve.
They are then asked to identify what they know and what they need to find out.
> Formulating hypothesis: Students are asked to make an educated guess about what they think
will happen based on their observations.
> Testing the likely hypothesis: Students are asked to design an experiment to test their
hypothesis.
> Analysis, interpretation and evaluation of evidence: Students are asked to analyze the data they
have collected and draw conclusions based on their findings.
> Formulating conclusion: Students are asked to summarize their findings and draw conclusions
based on their analysis.
REFERENCES
Elcomblus. (2020). Guiding principles in the selection and use of teaching strategies.
ELCOMBLUS. https://www.elcomblus.com/guiding-principles-in-the-selection-and-use-
of-teaching-strategies/#:~:text=Guiding%20Principles%20in%20the%20Selection
%20and%20Use%20of,goes%20beyond%20recall%20of%20information.
%20...%20More%20items
Administrator. (2023). Brain-Based Learning: 15 Strategies to Improve Student Learning &
Retention. University of San Diego Online Degrees.
https://onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu/brain-based-learning/#:~:text=Here%20are%20some
%20high-level%20strategies%20teachers%20can%20use,challenges%20that%20students
%20can%20relate%20to%20More%20items
Different approaches and methods. (n.d.). PPT. https://www.slideshare.net/switlu/different-
approaches-and-methods
Principles of Teaching:Different Methods and Approaches. (n.d.). PPT.
https://www.slideshare.net/justindoliente/principles-of-teaching-33070911