Mesh Analysis

Dr. James S. Kang

Professor
ECE Department
Cal Poly Pomona

1
 Mesh Analysis
• A loop in a circuit is a closed path in which no node is encountered more
than once. A mesh is a loop that does not contain any other loops inside it.
Mesh analysis is based on Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL).
• We assign mesh current variables such as I1, I2, I3, ……, In in the meshes
whose current are unknown. Then, for each mesh with unknown mesh
current, we apply the Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KCL). Specifically, we sum the
voltage drops around the mesh and let that equal to zero.
• If a mesh contains a current source, the mesh current is the same as the
current from the current source if they point the same direction. If the
direction is opposite, the mesh current is the negative of the current from
the current source.
2
 Mesh Analysis
• Consider the circuit shown below.
• Notice that the mesh current I3 is in the opposite direction to the
current from the current source Is. R1

• Thus, I3 = -Is = -3mA. 2k

I1
• Add voltage drops around mesh 1:
• R1I1 + R3(I1-I3) + R2(I1-I2) = 0 (1) R2 R3

• Add voltage drops around mesh 2: 1k 2k

I2 I3
• -Vs + R2(I2-I1) + R4(I2-I3) = 0 (2)
Vs
10V R4
2k 3mA
Is

0 3
 Mesh Analysis
• In equation (1), notice that I1 is the physical current (actual current)
through R1, I1-I3 is the physical current through R3, and I1-I2 is the
physical current through R2.
• (1): R1I1 + R3(I1-I3) + R2(I1-I2) = 0, 2000I1 + 2000(I1-I3) + 1000(I1-I2) = 0
• Divide by 1000: 2I1 + 2I1-2I3 + I1-I2 = 0
• 5I1 - I2 = -0.006 (3)
• (2): -10 + 1000(I2-I1) + 2000(I2-I3) = 0, I2 - I1 + 2I2 = 0.01 - 0.006
• - I1 + 3I2 = 0.004 (4)
• Multiply (3) by 3: 15I1 - 3I2 = -0.018 (5)
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 Mesh Analysis
• Add (4) and (5): clear all;
• 14I1 = -0.014 A=[5 -1;-1 3];
• I1 = -0.014/14 b=[-0.006;0.004];
• = -0.001A I=A\b
• = -1mA
• I2 = 5I1 + 0.006 Answer
• = -0.005 + 0.006 I=
• = 0.001A 1.0e-03 *
• = 1mA -1.000000000000000
1.000000000000000
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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; I1 =
Vs=10;Is=3e-3;R1=2000;R2=1000; -1/1000
R3=2000;R4=2000;I3=-Is; I2 =
syms I1 I2 1/1000
eqns=[R1*I1+R3*(I1-I3)+ ... I1 =
R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... -0.001
-Vs+R2*(I2-I1)+R4*(I2-I3)==0]; I2 =
[I1,I2]=solve(eqns,[I1,I2]) 0.001
I1=vpa(I1,15)
I2=vpa(I2,15)

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 Voltages and Currents
• I1 = -1mA, IR1 = -I1 = 1mA - VR1 +

R1 IR1

• VR1 = IR1xR1 = 2V 2k

• V2 = VR1 + Vs = 12V
• IR3 = Is - IR1 = 2mA + VR2 - - VR3 +

• VR3 = IR3xR3 = 4V IR2 R2 V1 R3 IR3 V2

2
1k 2k

• V1 = V2 - VR3 = 8V
1
IVs +
IR4
Vs

• IR4 = V1/R4 = 4mA 10V VR4 R4

2k 3mA
Is

• VR2 = Vs - V1 = 2V
-

• IR2 = VR2/R2 = 2mA, IVs = IR4-Is=1mA 0

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 EXAMPLE
• Find the mesh currents I1 and I2 in the circuit shown below. Also, find
V1, V2, V3.
• Mesh 1: R1I1 - Vs1 + R2I1 + R3(I1 - I2) + Vs2 = 0 (1)
• Mesh 2: -Vs2 + R3(I2 - I1) + R4I2 - Vs3 + R5I2 = 0 (2)
• (1): 2000I1 - 15 + 3000I1 + 1000(I1 - I2) + 12 = 0
• 6000I1 - 1000I2 = 3 (3) V1 R2 V2 R4
Vs3
V3

• (2): -12 + 1000(I2 - I1) + 2500I2 - 10 Vs1

3k
I1
2.5k
I2 10V

• + 1500I2 = 0
15V R3
1k
R5
1.5k

• -1000I1 + 5000I2 = 22 (4) R1

2k 12V
Vs2

0
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 EXAMPLE
• Multiply equation (3) by 5: clear all;
30000I1 - 5000I2 = 15 (5) A=[6000 -1000;-1000 5000];
• Add equations (4) and (5): b=[3;22];
29000I1 = 37,
I=A\b
• I1 = 37/29000 = 1.2759 mA
6000𝐼𝐼1 −3
• 𝐼𝐼2 = = 4.6552 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 Answer
1000
• V1 = Vs1 – R1×I1 = 12.4483 V I=
• V2 = R3×(I1 – I2) + Vs2 = 8.6207 V 0.001275862068966
• V3 = R5I2 = 6.9828 V 0.004655172413793

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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; V1=Vs1-R1*I1;
Vs1=15;Vs2=12;Vs3=10; V2=R3*(I1-I2)+Vs2;
R1=2000;R2=3000;R3=1000; V3=R5*I2;
R4=2500;R5=1500; I1=vpa(I1,15)
syms I1 I2 I2=vpa(I2,15)
eqns=[R1*I1-Vs1+R2*I1+ ... V1=vpa(V1,15)
R3*(I1-I2)+Vs2==0, ... V2=vpa(V2,15)
-Vs2+R3*(I2-I1)+ ... V3=vpa(V3,15)
R4*I2-Vs3+R5*I2==0];
[I1,I2]=solve(eqns,[I1,I2])

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 EXAMPLE
• Find the mesh currents I1, I2, I3, voltages V1, V2, and current IR2 in
the circuit shown below.
• I2 = IS = 5 mA. R1

• Mesh 1: R1I1 + R3(I1 - I3) + R2(I1 - I2) = 0 (1)

5k
I1

• Mesh 3: R4(I3 - I2) + R3(I3 - I1) + Vs = 0 (2)

• (1): 5000I1 + 4000(I1 - I3) + 2000(I1 - I2) = 0 V1
IR2 R2 V2 R3

2k 4k

• 11000I1 - 4000I3 = 10 (3) I2 I3

Vs
R4 2V
5mA 3k
Is

0 11
 EXAMPLE
• (2): 3000(I3 - I2) + 4000(I3 - I1) + 2 clear all;
=0 A=[11000 -4000;-4000 7000];
• -4000I1 + 7000I3 = 13 (4) b=[10;13];
• V1 = Vs + R1×I1 = 12V I=A\b
• V2 = R3×(I2 – I3) = 6V
• IR2 = I2 – I1 = 5mA – 2mA = 3mA Answer
I=
0.002000000000000
0.003000000000000

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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; V1=R1*I1+Vs;
Vs=2;Is=5e-3;R1=5000;R2=2000; V2=R4*(I2-I3);
R3=4000;R4=3000;I2=Is; I1=vpa(I1,15)
syms I1 I3 I3=vpa(I3,15)
eqns=[R1*I1+R3*(I1-I3)+ ... V1=vpa(V1,15)
R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... V2=vpa(V2,15)
R4*(I3-I2)+R3*(I3-I1)+Vs==0];
[I1,I3]=solve(eqns,[I1,I3])

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 EXAMPLE
• Use mesh analysis to find mesh currents I1, I2, I3, I4 and find the
voltages V1, V2 for the circuit shown below.
• I4 = -Is = -3mA
• Mesh 1, 2, 3: R1

10k

• R1I1 + R3(I1-I3) + R2(I1-I2)=0 (1) I1

• -Vs + R2(I2-I1) + R4(I2-I3) = 0 (2) R2 V1 R3 V2

• R4(I3-I2) + R3(I3-I1) + R5(I3-I4)=0 (3) 3k

1
4k
2

Vs
9V
I2 R4
12k
I3 R5
1k
I4 Is

3mA

0 14
 EXAMPLE
• (1): 10000I1 + 4000(I1-I3) clear all;
• + 3000(I1-I2) = 0 A=[17,-3,-4;-3 15 -12;-4 -12 17];
• 10I1 + 4(I1-I3) + 3(I1-I2) = 0 b=[0;0.009;-0.003];
• 17I1 - 3I2 - 4I3 = 0 (4) I=A\b
• (2): -9 + 3000(I2-I1) + 12000(I2-I3) =
0 Answer
• -3I1 + 15I2 – 12I3 = 0.009 (5) I=
• (3): 12000(I3-I2) + 4000(I3-I1) 0.000500000000000
• + 1000(I3-I4)=0 0.001500000000000
• 12(I3-I2) + 4(I3-I1) + 5(I3-I4) = 0 0.001000000000000
• -4I1 - 12I2 + 17I3 = -0.003 (6)
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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; V1=R4*(I2-I3);
Vs=9;Is=3e-3;R1=10000;R2=3000; V2=R5*(I3-I4);
R3=4000;R4=12000;R5=1000; I1=vpa(I1,15)
I4=-Is; I2=vpa(I2,15)
syms I1 I2 I3 I3=vpa(I3,15)
eqns=[R1*I1+R3*(I1-I3)+ ... V1=vpa(V1,15)
R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... V2=vpa(V2,15)
-Vs+R2*(I2-I1)+R4*(I2-I3)==0, ...
R4*(I3-I2)+R3*(I3-I1)+ ... Answer V1 = 6.0
R5*(I3-I4)]; V2 = 4.0
[I1,I2,I3]=solve(eqns,[I1,I2,I3])

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 Currents and Voltages
• 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅1 = 𝐼𝐼1 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (→)
• 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅2 = 𝐼𝐼2 − 𝐼𝐼1 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (→)
• 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅3 = 𝐼𝐼3 − 𝐼𝐼1 = 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (→)
• 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅4 = 𝐼𝐼2 − 𝐼𝐼3 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (↓)
• 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅5 = 𝐼𝐼3 − 𝐼𝐼4 = 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 − (−3 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚) = 4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (↓)
• 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑅𝑅4 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅4 = 6𝑉𝑉
• 𝑉𝑉2 = 𝑅𝑅5 𝐼𝐼𝑅𝑅5 = 4𝑉𝑉

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 Currents
R1 0.5mA

10k

R2 1mA V1 R3 0.5mA V2

3k 4k
1 2

0.5mA 4mA
Vs
9V R4 R5 Is
12k 1k 3mA

1.5mA

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 EXAMPLE
• Find the mesh currents I1, I2, I3, voltages V1, V2, in the circuit shown
below.
• V1 = R4(I2-I3) R1

5k
I1

• I3=-0.006V1
• = -0.006 x R4(I2-I3)
R3

• = -12(I2-I3) = -12I2 + 12I3

R2 V1
V2
3k
I2 I3 4k
+

• 11I3 = 12I2 6V
Vs
R4 0.006v
v 2k
12
• I3 = I
11 2 -

0
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 EXAMPLE
• Mesh 1: R1I1 + R3(I1-I3) + R2(I1-I2) = 0
• 5000I1 + 4000(I1-I3) + 3000(I1-I2) = 0
12
• 12000I1 – 3000I2 – 4000I3 = 0, I3 = I2
11
• 12000I1 – 7363.6364I2 = 0 (1)
• Mesh 2: -Vs + R2(I2-I1) + R4(I2-I3) = 0
• -6 + 3000(I2-I1) + 2000(I2-I3) = 0
12
• -3000I1 + 5000I2 – 2000I3 = 6, I3 = I2
11
• -3000I1 + 2818.1818I2 = 6 (2)

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 MATLAB
clear all; I=
A=[12,-3,-4;-3 5 -2;0 12/11 -1]; 0.003767441860465
b=[0;0.006;0]; 0.006139534883721
I=A\b 0.006697674418605

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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; V1=R4*(I2-I3);
Vs=6;R1=5000;R2=3000; V2=Vs-R1*I1;
R3=4000;R4=2000; I1=vpa(I1,15)
syms I1 I2 I3 I2=vpa(I2,15)
eqns=[R1*I1+R3*(I1-I3)+ ... I3=vpa(I3,15)
R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... V1=vpa(V1,15)
-Vs+R2*(I2-I1)+ ... V2=vpa(V2,15)
R4*(I2-I3)==0, ...
I3==(12/11)*I2]; Answers: V1 = -1.11627906976744
[I1,I2,I3]=solve(eqns,[I1,I2,I3]) V2 = -12.8372093023256

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 EXAMPLE
• Find the mesh currents I1, I2, I3, voltages V1, V2, V3 in the circuit shown
below.
• I2 = -0.6i = -0.6(I3-I1) (1)
R1

2k
I1

• 2000I1 + 1500(I1-I3) + 1200(I1-I2) = 0

• 4700I1 – 1200I2 – 1500I3 = 0 (2)
• v = R2(I1-I2) V1
- v + V2 i
R3
V3

• -12 + 2500(I3-I2) + 1500(I3-I1) I2 R2 1.2k

R4
2.5k
I3 1.5k

+ 0.3×1200×(I1-I2)= 0 0.6 i

12V Vs
+
-
0.3 v

• -1140I1 - 2860I2 + 4000I3 = 12 (3)

0
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 MATLAB
clear all; I=
A=[4.7,-1.2,-1.5;-1140 -2860 4000; ... 0.000456095897086
0.6 -1 -0.6]; -0.001122697592827
b=[0;12;0]; 0.002327258551798
I=A\b V1 =
1.48055745054088
V2 =
3.3751096384368
V3 =
0.568365656368775

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 MATLAB
clear all;format long; V2=R4*(I2-I3)+Vs;
Vs=12;R1=2000;R2=1200; V1=V2-R2*(I1-I2);
R3=1500;R4=2500; V3=V1-R1*I1;
syms I1 I2 I3 I1=vpa(I1,15)
eqns=[R1*I1+R3*(I1-I3)+ ... I2=vpa(I2,15)
R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... I3=vpa(I3,15)
-Vs+R4*(I3-I2)+R3*(I3-I1)+ ... V1=vpa(V1,15)
0.3*R2*(I1-I2)==0, ... V2=vpa(V2,15)
I2==-0.6*(I3-I1)]; V3=vpa(V3,15)
[I1,I2,I3]=solve(eqns,[I1,I2,I3])

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