ARELLANO LAW FOVNDATION

BAR REVIEW PROGRAM

Outline
Obligations
Atty. Crisostomo A. Uribe

I. In General
A. Definition Art.1156
B. Kinds of Obligations as to basis & enforceability Art. 1423-30, 1139-1155
C. Essential Elements
D. Sources of Civil Obligations Art. 1157

II. Kinds of Civil Obligations

A. As to Perfection & Extinguishment

B. Art. 1179-1180, 1182, 1186-1187, 1193, 1196-1198
C. As to plurality of prestations Art. 1199-1206
D. As to liability of multiple parties Art. 1207-1208, 1216
E. As to performance of obligations Art. 1223-1225
F. As to the presence of an accessory undertaking in case of breach Obligation with a Penal Clause Art.
1226-1230

III. Specific circumstances affecting obligations in general

[Breach of Obligations/Excuse for Non-performance: Fortuitous Event]
Fraud, Negligence, Delay …Art. 1169-1174

IV. Remedies for Breach of Obligations: Rescission Art. 1191, 1165-1168

V. Modes of Extinguishment of Obligations Art. 1231

A. Payment or performance/fulfillment Art. 1234-1237; 1239-1243

Payment of debts in money Art. 1249-1250
Special Forms of Payment Art. 1245, 1252-56

B. Loss of the thing due Art. 1262, 1265, 1267

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C. Condonation or Remission of the Debt Art. 1270

D. Confusion or Merger of Rights Art. 1275
E. Compensation Art. 1278

Kinds of Compensation as to nature or cause of extinguishment

1. legal Art. 1279
2. conventional/voluntary Art. 1282
Facultative Art. 1287-88
3. judicial Art. 1283

F. Novation Art. 1291

Kinds of Novation as to object or purpose

1. Subjective or personal Art. 1293-95, 1300-1302
2. Objective or real
3. Mixed

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