PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Reviewer

Week 1: MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN THE MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
Mental Health - includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

- It affects how we think, feel, and act as we cope with life.

World Health Organization - an organization with a primary role to direct international health within the
United Nations' system and to lead partners in global health responses.

COMPONENTS OF MENTAL HEALTH

- Subjective well-being - It is the individual’s thoughts and feelings about one’s overall state of
being.

- It is also how a person feels about himself.

- It can be said that a positive warm regard for oneself serves as a foundation of mental
health.

- Perceived self-efficacy - one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness, and ability in
performing a task or activity.
- Autonomy - It is one’s capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant persons like
parents, lovers, and special friends.

- It’s also the capacity of self-direction and having a clearly defined role Identity.

- It’s a sense of independence that makes a person stand on his own feet.

- Competence - It is the perception of one’s capacity to effectively perform a function or activity

using specific skills and knowledge and achieving the desired results at a given time.
- Inter-generational independence - refers to the relationships between individuals who belong
to different generations but maybe living separately as independent, autonomous persons
during a specific period.
- Self-actualization of one’s intellectual and emotional potential among others - This means that
self-actualization happens when the person fulfills his/her physiological needs, security and
safety needs, emotional and social needs, and self-esteem needs.
- Resiliency - is the capacity to establish and maintain one’s balance and well-being in the face of
adversity.

- It is the ability to get back on one’s feet after a disaster or a crisis.

- Adaptability - is the capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one’s survival and balance.

CHALLENGES IN THE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

- Mental health problem - is a short term and temporary change in a person’s thoughts, feelings,
or behavior that upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationship, and productivity.
 - Mental illness (also known as mental disorder) - refers to diagnosable mental disorders
characterized by changes in one’s thinking, feeling, and behavior as well as personal
relationships and productivity.

- ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - One of the most common mental
disorders affecting children. ADHD also affects many adults. Symptoms of ADHD include
inattention (not being able to keep focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not
fitting to the setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment without
thought).

- Anxiety (Panic Disorder) - People with anxiety disorders usually have recurring
intrusive thoughts or concerns. They may avoid certain situations out of worry. They
may also have physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, dizziness or a rapid
heartbeat.

- Autism Spectrum Disorder – refers to a neurodevelopment disorder that is

characterized by difficulties with social communication and social interaction and
restricted and repetitive patterns in behaviors, interests, and activities.

- Bipolar Disorder - is a serious mental illness in which common emotions become

intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can
quickly swing from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and
confusion.

- Depression - People with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily
activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack of energy, inability
to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt and recurrent thoughts of death or
suicide.

- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder – It is an anxiety problem that develops in some people

after extremely traumatic events, such as combat, crime, an accident or natural disaster.

- Schizophrenia - Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical

thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices.
Schizophrenia typically begins in early adulthood.

MENTAL HEALTH AND MEDIA INFLUENCE

Social Media Anxiety and Facebook Depression

- Social media anxiety - is a condition that is similar to social and other anxiety disorders
and are the most common mental issues for many people.

- “Fear of missing out”, Association of America (ADAA).

- Stopping to check social media in the middle of a conversation.

- Spending more than six hours each day using social media.

- Withdrawing from family and friends. (social isolation)

 - Failing in attempts to cut back on social media use.

- Neglect or losing interest in school, work and favorite activities.

- Experiencing severe nervousness, anxiety or withdrawal symptoms when not

able to check social media.

- Having an overwhelming desire to share on social media feeds.

- Facebook Depression - “when adolescents and teens who spend time on social media
begin to exhibit classic symptoms of depression as a result of ‘the intensity of the online
world.”, American Academy of Pediatrics

Be guided for safe and healthy use of social media through these following tips:

- Set limits on the time spent on social media

- Be aware of how using social media makes you feel
- Avoid falling into the negativity trap.
- Remember that not all you see on social media is real.

Self & Body Esteem and Media Images

- Our adolescence is a time when we become more aware of celebrities, advertisements

and media images — as well as how other kids look and how we fit in. We might start to
compare ourselves with other people or media images ("ideals" that are frequently
airbrushed). All of this can affect how we feel about ourselves and our bodies even as
we grow into our teenage self.

Misrepresentation of Mental Illnesses in Media

We should be reminded that:

1. Mental Health issues are real, common, and treatable. It is not something to be hidden to
be demonized by society. Some people struggling with it can partake in an active role in
community.

2. There are challenges associate with managing a long-term mental illness BUT people can
recover from it.

3. When you struggle, it is advisable to SEEK HELP.

4. Seek correct information from reliable resource persons. Mental illness covers a wide range
of symptoms, conditions and effects on people’s lives.

5. Avoid inappropriate language and stereotype for patients with mental issues. It stigmatizes
illness and spread discrimination.

HEALTHY SELF-CONCEPT + HEALTHY MIND AND BODY = GOOD MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL- BEING

- Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at oneself as someone worth loving,
and worth caring for, regardless of physical flaws and defects, regardless of what other
 people perceive him to be, and despite the thoughts, feelings, and behavior one
experiences.

Good Physical Health is Good for Mental Health

- The World Health Organization noted that poor mental health can play a significant role
in diminished immune functioning and the development of certain illnesses, and
eventually, premature death. A person’s physical health is an important factor that
contributes to good mental health.

Week 2: Emotional Intelligence

Neurological Basis of Emotions

Daniel Goleman - “all emotions are, in essence, impulses to act, the instant plan for
handling life that evolution has instilled in us.”

Fight or flight - human race’s survival instinct to sense, detect, assess, and act on any threat to
its life and survival.

Parts of the brain that is involved in the creation of emotions are the following:

1. Amygdala – center of action; emotional sentinel that can take control of our actions;
keeps a memory bank of previous experiences related to emotions

2. Neocortex – assess what to do

3. Frontal lobes – specifically the pre-frontal cortex, controls the emotion

Emotional Intelligence

Daniel Goleman - defines emotional intelligence as “the ability to motivate oneself and persist in the
face of frustrations, to control impulse and delay gratification, to regulate one’s moods and keep
distress from swamping the ability to think, to empathize, and to hope.”

Five Domains of Emotional Intelligence

1. Knowing one’s emotions or self-awareness – An emotion should be recognized and be able to

verbalize it. This is about knowing how we feel and knowing the thought behind it.

2. Managing emotions – We have little or no control when an emotion occurs and what this
emotion will be, but we have control on how long an emotion will last.

3. Motivating oneself – Hope is a major indicator of emotional intelligence. It is an element present

when one is fighting some overwhelming anxiety, a defeatist attitude or depression.

4. Recognizing emotions in others – Empathy is the capacity to recognize the emotions in other people.
We empathize because of our self-awareness. If we recognize our own emotions and how these
affects us, then it will be easier for us to recognize other people’s emotions as well.
5. Handling relationships – Emotional Intelligence is evident in the way we manage our
relationship with others.

BENEFITS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Emotional Intelligence (also referred to as Emotional Quotient (EQ)) - is believed that it is more
important in achieving success in one’s career or personal life than Intelligence Quotient (IQ). While a
high IQ is not a surefire to one’s success, EQ has been identified as the foundation in developing
important skills necessary for one’s success at work. Emotional Intelligence is important as it directly
affects physical and mental health, work performance, and relationships.

STEPS ON MANAGING YOUR EMOTIONS

1. Noticing and being aware of your emotions: You have to recognize what you feel in a
particular situation or experience.

2. Identify and name what you feel: You may feel angry, disappointed, and even betrayed,
these negative feelings are the reasons that you want space, or that you don’t want to see and
talk to the person.

3. Managing your emotions by owning and accepting what you feel: There is nothing wrong
when you feel angry, it is normal and by owning and accepting means you are responsible for
your behavior as a result of the negative actions.

4. Discernment: You don’t just recognize what you feel but also take responsible action or steps
to deal with your feelings. You may not talk for the moment because you are angry but you
cannot stay with that mode forever.

5. Take necessary actions: You should make reflective action regarding your emotions. You
must decide either you are going to terminate the relationship or forgive the person and
continue a healthy relationship with the person. A saying goes “to err is human, to forgive is
divine.”

TYPES OF RESPONSES

1. Passive response: A response that is not expressing your own needs and feelings, or
expressing them so weakly that they will not be addressed.

2. Aggressive response: A response that is asking for what you want or saying how you feel in a
threatening, sarcastic or humiliating way that may offend the other person(s).

3. Assertive response: A response that is asking for what you want or saying how you feel in an
honest and respectful way that does not infringe on another person's rights or put the individual
down.

Week 3: Personal Relationships

ELEMENTS OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
1. Attachment - At the moment of birth when the child is laid beside the mother to be fed and cuddled,
bonding occurs, and the infant develops an attachment to the mother, then later on, to the father. Our
succeeding relationships in the future are all shaped to a large extent by our attachment to our parents.

Attachment Styles (Ainsworth, Blekar, Waters and Wall, 1978)

a. Secure attachment – when the primary caregiver is present most of the time present and
available and when all the emotional needs of an infant are met, providing a sense of security to
the infant. When the child grows up, chances are, the child will grow up to have more secure
and stable relationships.

b. Avoidant attachment – when the primary caregiver is cold and detached, and even
unresponsive to a child’s needs. The child senses rejection and this often leads to premature
detachment and self-reliance. When the child grows up, he will experience unstable
relationships in the future. He will usually avoid getting into meaningful relationships and isolate
himself when they reach adulthood.

c. Anxious-ambivalent attachment – when the primary caregiver is not consistent in terms of

presence and in meeting a child’s emotional needs. Person who experienced this kind of
attachment may develop separation anxieties, mixed feeling between hesitancy and
commitment when entering into meaningful relationships.

2. Attraction - is the first stage in a continuum of stages that lead to intimacy and commitment.

- primarily based on physiology or certain hormones that persons who get attracted to others
often pick up with their noses.

- liking their genes that are perceived through their physical looks.

People get attracted to one another because of other reasons:

a. Transference Effect – There are people whom we meet for the first time but we
immediately like or dislike. This can be a result of past experience who has affected our sense
of self and our behaviors. This means that our past can affect our present interactions with
people.

b. Propinquity Effect – We often develop a sense of familiarity with people who lives close to
us, work with us, or go to school with us which leads to liking them more.

c. Similarity Effect – We often like people who have similarities with, such as social class
background, religious beliefs, age, and education.

d. Reciprocity Effect – We like people who like us back. According to research, reciprocity is a
stronger basis for liking another person than similarity. The more we are liked by someone we
equally like, the more we behave in ways that promote mutual feelings of liking. Another
research found out that when we express our liking for another, oftentimes, this would elicit a
pleasant behaviors and mutual liking from the other person.

e. Physical Attractiveness – First impression counts a lot. Physical attractiveness stands for
positive health and reproductive fitness, which are both essential to human survival. Average
 facial features are usually found to be attractive; which are found to be a component of beauty;
higher cheekbones, thinner jaws, and larger eyes.

f. Personality Characteristics and Traits – People get attracted to two characteristics that lead
to liking the other person, these are: emphatic persons (exude warmth, sympathy, optimistic,
maintain positive views) and socially competent persons (good communicators, and enjoy good
conversations).

3. Love and intimacy - is defined as a strong feeling of affection and concern toward another person, as
that arising from kinship or close friendship and can also be accompanied by sexual attraction

Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

a. Intimacy – It is an absolute human certainty that no one can know his own beauty or
perceive a sense of his own worth until it has been reflected back to him in the mirror of
another loving, caring, human being. One important component in developing intimacy is
Communication. This is where self-disclosure is practiced which leads to profound and
meaningful conversations that nurture and strengthen intimacy.

b. Commitment – It is an act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live by agreements made with
another person, entity, or cause, and where values of integrity and respect serve as a guide to
one’s behaviors and thinking.

c. Passion – It is the intense state of being that drives and consumes a person to pursue an
interest, a vision, or a person. In romantic love, it connotes sexual attraction, as well as
intimacy.

Eight Kinds of Love (Sternberg Triangular Theory of Love)

1. Non-Love – It is present in relationships that you have with an acquaintance.

2. Liking – Presence of intimacy only. Example of this would be basic friendship because even
though you like your friends, the relationship lacks passion and long-term commitment.

3. Romantic Love – It is characterized by the presence of both sexual passion and emotional
intimacy. This is the type of love that a couple feels when their relationship is blossoming;
they are drawn physically to each other, but also feel best friends and enjoy spending time
together.

4. Infatuation – Characterized by physical attraction and sexual arousal. This type of love often
occurs at the beginning of a relationship and is typically short-lived and superficial.

5. Fatuous Love – It is called a fantasy love because it’s almost like the couple wants to be in
love, but has no real emotional bond. The couple only makes a commitment based on sexual
fervor, without forming a deep emotional bond to stabilize the relationship.

6. Empty Love – It is characterized by a strong commitment to maintain the relationship.

However, it lacks emotional closeness and sexual attraction.
 7. Companionate Love – This kind of love is usually found in older relationships, where passion
has died, but the couple still feels a deep emotional bond and commitment. It is usually long
lasting and can be very satisfying.

8. Consummate Love – This is the ideal type of love. The couple shares the spark that has not
dies, and the closeness is there. They feel like best friends as well as lovers and they are
committed to staying together.

4. Commitment - is a continuing process of showing love and care and fulfilling the promises or
agreements made with each other. It is saying yes, you are into this relationship and will stick to it for as
long as possible. Interdependency develops between two healthy individuals who commit to be
together but does not lose each other’s individuality.

KEEPING HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS

In a healthy relationship, both partners:

- Are treated with kindness and respect

- Are honest with each other
- Like to spend time together
- Take an interest in things that are important to each other
- Respect one another’s emotional, physical and sexual limits
- Can speak honestly about their feelings

Week 4: Social Relationships

Social influence - defined as things such as behavior, actions, attitude and concepts, ideas,
communications, wealth, and other resources that bring about changes in the beliefs,
attitudes, and/or behavior of a person as a result of the action/s of another person
(Rashotte).

- can happen as a result of interacting with other people who are perceived to be
subject matter experts or people who are perceived to be the one to be influenced.

Varieties or Types of Social Influence (Herbert Kelman)

1. Compliance – happens when a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of
him to do or to believe in; but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it

2. Identification – happens when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to

3. Internalization – happens when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it
known publicly and privately.

Other types of Social Influence

1. Conformity – involves a change in behavior, belief, or thinking to be like others. It is the most
common and persistent form of social influence. It comes in two varieties: informational conformity
(internalization) and normative conformity (compliance).
2. Conversion – happens when an individual wholeheartedly changes his or her original thinking and
beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group. This can also happen
when a certain beliefs, attitudes, and behavior of the group have been influenced and evolved into a
new set of beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. (e.g. religious conversion)

3. Minority influence – happens when a minor or a smaller group have influenced a bigger or major
group in terms of belief, attitudes and the way of looking at and doing things are accepted.

4. Reactance – happens when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an
individual or group.

5. Obedience – happens when a person follows what someone tells him or her to do either because of
fear or respect of the authority figure

6. Persuasion – happens when a person or group influence another to change their beliefs, actions, or
attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion

LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWER-SHIP THEORIES

Leader - often said to be the head of a group of people by virtue of having great strength and wisdom,
or may have inherited a position of power even if strength and wisdom were not part of this person’s
virtues.

Chester Barnard - defined leadership as the ability of a person in position of authority to influence
others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieved.

French and Raven - said that leaders may obtain power through various means and sources, such as
position, giving rewards, expertise, respect or coercion.

Theories of Leadership

1. Trait Theory – this theory states that leadership is based on certain personality traits which can be
seen in leaders; these traits include decisiveness, persistence, high level of self-confidence, and
assertiveness, among others.

2. Behavioral Theory – it assumes that leadership is a learned behavior, and that leaders are defined by
certain behaviors that they demonstrate

3. Participative Theory – this theory states that a leader that is participative is the one who immerse
and involves himself in the group

4. Situational Theory – it presumes that a leader has no style of leadership but it is a behavior that bases
on the factors, situations and usually takes into consideration how his followers behave

5. Transactional Theory – this theory involves negotiation of resources or position, and usually utilizes
rewards and punishment

6. Transformational Theory – this theory involves vision which a leader engages his followers to support
his vision by motivating and make it happen
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory - This theory stems out from the perspective of an original
leader-member theory called the Vertical Dyad Linkage (VDL).

- states that a leader’s effectiveness is measured by the quality of his relationship with his
followers, and different types of relationships can evolve between leader and follower in a
certain work situation.

Heroic Leadership - states the different types of leadership that the members of the Society of Jesus live
by.

- leadership follows four principle that are integrated with one another and synergistically
interacting to reinforce each principle

a. Self-awareness – this principle is by knowing, and understanding fully our strengths and
challenges, our way of looking at things, and even our emotions and the set of values that we
live by.

b. Ingenuity – this kind of leader is not stuck in his comfort zone because the world is constantly
changing. Flexibility and openness to new ideas are the hallmark of this kind of leadership.

c. Love - a healthy self-concept generates a healthy and positive attitude when dealing with
other people. You cannot love or respect another if you cannot do it to yourself.

d. Heroism – this kind of leadership is motivating and inspiring other people to reach for higher
goals, for bigger and greater things.

Elements that followers want from a leader:

a. Authenticity – the leader is not afraid to show his weakness but reveals his human side without fear
and uses this to lead others

b. Significance – a leader provides the reason or meaning for followers to believe in

c. Excitement – a leader provides motivation and inspiration to his or her followers and excites them to
pursue their visionary

d. Community – building a community of followers where they can associate and forge relationships

Week 5: Family Structures and Legacies

DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES

1. Nuclear family: A family unit consisting of at most a father, mother and dependent children. It is
considered the “traditional” family.
2. Extended family: A family consisting of parents and children, along with grandparents,
grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins etc. In some circumstances, the extended family comes
to live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family.
3. Step families: Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, and remarriage.
 4. Single parent family: This can be either a father or a mother who is singly responsible for the
raising of a child. The child can be by birth or adoption. They may be a single parent by choice or
by life circumstances. The other parent may have been part of the family at one time or not at
all.
5. Adoptive family: A family where one or more of the children has been adopted. Any structure of
family may also be an adoptive family.
6. Bi-racial or multi-racial family: A family where the parents are members of different racial
identity groups.
7. Trans-racial adoptive family: A family where the adopted child is of a different racial identity
group than the parents.
8. Blended family: A family that consists of members from two (or more) previous families.
9. Conditionally separated families: A family member is separated from the rest of the family. This
may be due to employment far away; military service; incarceration; hospitalization. They
remain significant members of the family.
10. Foster family: A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary member of the
household. This “temporary” period may be as short as a few days or as long as the child’s entire
childhood.
11. Gay or Lesbian family: A family where one or both of the parents’ sexual orientation is gay or
lesbian. This may be a two-parent family, an adoptive family, a single parent family or an
extended family.
12. Immigrant family: A family where the parents have immigrated to another country as adults.
Their children may or may not be immigrants. Some family members may continue to live in the
country of origin, but still be significant figures in the life of the child.
13. Migrant family: A family that moves regularly to places where they have employment. The most
common form of migrant family is farm workers who move with the crop seasons. Children may
have a relatively stable community of people who move at the same time - or the family may
know no one in each new setting. Military families may also lead a migrant life, with frequent
relocation, often on short notice.

Family - is considered the first place where growing children learn their basic social skills. The
interaction and quality of relationship between parent and child are said to determine the child's
future relationships as he or she matures toward adulthood.

- two or more persons who share resources, share responsibility for decisions, share values and goals,
and have a commitment to each other over time.

Heredity - the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring

There are some characteristics that are influenced by heredity, and even by the environment.

- One of them is obesity or leanness, where the predisposition toward one or the other is often
found throughout the generations from either side of the family. However, due to the
improvements made in nutrition, the younger generation may outgrow their parents and tower
over them.
- Predispositions to certain diseases are often believed to be passed on from generation to
generation, such as diabetes. A person with either one or both parents with diabetes in their
 bloodlines is not necessarily doomed to end up being a diabetic. A healthy lifestyle and diet can
possibly offset the predisposition to the disease.
- Intelligence is another thing that is passed on due to heredity, but is also due to other factors
like brain size and structure, and the compilation of many genes resulting to intelligence.
- There is a 40% to 50% chance of personality traits being passed on through heredity such as
temperament, which is characteristic manner by which an individual looks at situations and how
they react to them.

Genogram - is a graphical map of a family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure
and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationships, major events, diseases, traditions,
social and personal beliefs and rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs, value systems, philosophies
about life, and the dynamics of a family over several generations.

Week 6: Persons and Careers

Career - is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found a good match between
his life goals, skills, personality, and interests with a dream job, or it may just be a means to earn a living.

College Degree - the ticket from poverty to a more comfortable life. It is also perceived as a way to
garner respect and pride within one’s community.

CATEGORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

1. Trait Factor – skills, values, interests, and personality characteristics are analyzed and matched with
job factors, or an occupational profile.

2. Psychological – A person is usually made up of six personality categories: realistic, investigative,

social, conventional, enterprising and arising, though that personal will have one dominant type, he/she
may still exhibit up to three of these types.

3. Decision – This is based on Albert Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy, which means that a person may
exercise control over his or her thoughts, beliefs, and actions, and that self-efficacy is the predictor of
behavior. It is defined as the belief in one’s capabilities to plan, organize, and execute a set of actions
that will produce the desired results. It can be construed as the same as self-competence.

Social Learning - also a basis of our career decision and development. People choose their careers
based on what they know and have learned. Four main factors that influence career choice: genetic
influences, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and skills such as goal
setting, information gathering and self-observation.

4. Developmental or the Life-Span or Life-Space Theory – This is based on the idea thar humans are
always in constant change and go through life learning and doing new things while changing roles in the
process.

INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING ONE’S CHOICE OF CAREER

1. Self-concept or self-identity – If you think you are not confident about your self-identity, then
choosing a career or even a course to take up in college will be difficult. Understanding and knowing
what you want to do is very important. This is tied on how you see and think of yourself.

2. Personal Preferences – Think of what you really want to pursue and where do you see yourself
working in the long run. Sometimes, personal preferences can be affected with what other people wants
you to do or to take up.

3. Motivation – The drive is to fulfill one’s fullest potentials is the best motivation any personal can ever
have in living a meaningful life.

4. Self-confidence – This can keep a person’s eyes on his goals and declare the world that he can do it
and will succeed in the pursuit of his dreams.

5. Personal skills – Basic education teaches us the hard skills we need to acquire so we may qualify for
higher education, such as learning math and the sciences. The softer skills, such as dealing with other
people or the skill to communicate a feeling or a thought non-verbally are skills that are not taught in
our educational system. Be aware of what inherent skills do you possess. Ask yourself what you like and
enjoy doing.

6. Personality Characteristics – Knowing your personality characteristics will definitely help you in
choosing a career. Certain characteristics are compatible and matched with certain types of work or
occupation.

7. Personal Health – The condition of your health is a major factor in the career choice you will make.
But take note that physical conditions or health issues do not defer a person in pursuing their dreams.

8. Emotional Consideration – Making decisions in levelheaded and calm manner can make best life-
directing decisions.

9. Self-sabotaging thoughts – These thoughts deter a person from developing a healthy and wholesome
self-concept. Knowing your strengths and weaknesses will put your feet on the ground and make you
realistic about your capabilities and limitations.