Cambrigde Global Englsih Workbook 8

Cambridge
Global English
WORKBOOK 8
Olivia Johnston, Chris Barker & Libby Mitchell, with Julie Moore
Second edition Digital access

Cambridge
Global English
WORKBOOK 8
Olivia Johnston, Chris Barker & Libby Mitchell, with Julie Moore
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TK
Contents
Contents
Acknowledgements3
How to use this book 6
3 Our society
3.1 My city 40
1 Languages of the world 3.2 A neighbourhood with a difference 41
3.3 Town or country? 42
1.1 My language, your language 8
1.2 Teach yourself Tok Pisin 9 Use of English: Prepositions at the end
of a clause 43
1.3 It’s good to learn languages 10
Use of English: Second conditional with
Use of English: Question words who, what, unless, I wish … / If only + past simple 45
whose and which11
3.4 You and your community 47
Use of English: -ing forms as subjects and objects 13
3.5 Focus on Finland 48
1.4 Do you speak emoji? 15 3.6 Be happy! 49
1.5 Social studies: Beyond words 16
Use of English: Verbs, adjectives + preposition,
1.6 An A to Z of idioms 17
prepositions followed by the -ing form 50
Use of English: Present continuous 18 Use of English: Present continuous passive 52
Use of English: Abstract nouns 20
3.7 Improve your writing 54
1.7 Improve your writing 22 3.8 Poetry55
1.8 Poetry23
4 Advertising
2 Design and architecture 4.1 Three for the price of two! 56
2.1 Bars, boxes and bottles 24 4.2 Three advertisements 57
2.2 Why is an egg egg-shaped? 25 4.3 The more you look … 58
2.3 Design classics 26
Use of English: Prepositions preceding nouns 59
Use of English: Partitives 27 Use of English: The present and past simple
Use of English: Second conditionals 29 passive, past participles 61
2.4 Just the place 31 4.4 The psychology of shopping 63
2.5 Homes in the desert 32 4.5 The creation of a brand 64
2.6 Famous buildings 33 4.6 For sale 65
Use of English: Relative clauses beginning Use of English: Reflexive pronouns 66
with prepositions 34 Use of English: Compound adjectives 68
Use of English: Questions beginning
with prepositions 36
4.8 Fiction71
2.8 Non-fiction39
4
Contents
5 Natural resources 7.4 Creating and performing 111

7.5 The Islamic Golden Age 112
5.1 A natural paradise 72 7.6 Leonardo in 3D 113
5.2 Generating energy 73
Use of English: Past perfect simple 114
5.3 Test your eco-awareness! 74
Use of English: Past perfect in reported speech 116
Use of English: Complex noun phrases 75
Use of English: Future passive 77
7.8 Fiction119
5.4 Water for life 79
5.5 The lungs of the Earth 80 8 Storytelling
5.6 Looking back, looking forward 81
8.1 A good story 120
Use of English: Connectives 82 8.2 Tales from around the world 121
Use of English: Past modals 84 8.3 Stories we remember 122
5.7 Improve your writing 86 Use of English: Present perfect with indefinite
5.8 Speeches87 time adverbs 123
Use of English: Present perfect continuous 125
6 Natural wonders 8.4 A walk in the park 127
6.1 Highest, longest, deepest 88 8.5 Aladdin: a classic story 128
6.2 Light at night 89 8.6 Aladdin: what happened next 129
6.3 Look at this! 90 Use of English: Preposition + noun 130
Use of English: Comparative and superlative Use of English: Reported speech: questions
of adjectives 91 and statements 132
Use of English: Pronouns 93 8.7 Improve your writing 134
6.4 Fastest, longest, furthest 95 8.8 Fiction135
6.5 Your very own natural wonder 96
6.6 Use your human superpowers 97 9 Music
Use of English: Comparative and 9.1 My kind of music: vocabulary 136
superlative adverbs 98 9.2 A portrait of a musician 137
Use of English: Multi-word verbs 100 9.3 Express yourself 138
6.7 Improve your writing 102 Use of English: Use the correct verb tense 139
6.8 Fiction103 Use of English: what (= ‘the thing(s) which’) 141
7 Historical figures 9.4 I like it because … 143

9.5 A universal language 144
7.1 Leaders, rulers and explorers 104 9.6 You are what you listen to 145
7.2 Born to lead 105
Use of English: Participle clauses 146
7.3 Who will be remembered? 106
Use of English: Questions 148
Use of English: Past continuous 107
Use of English: Verbs followed by prepositions 109
9.8 Autobiography151
5
How to use this book

This Workbook provides questions for you to practise what you have learned in class.
There is a unit to match each unit in your Learner’s Book, with one page for each lesson.
Study tip
Tips to help you with When reading, try to guess the
your learning. meaning of new words from context.
Sometimes a related word can give a
clue: different / differentiate.
Use of English
Information to help you find out The -ing form of the verb can be used as a noun or
more about grammar. in a noun phrase. The noun or noun phrase can be
the subject of a verb: Swimming is fun. Learning
languages is useful.
Or it can be the object of a verb: I like travelling. I
enjoy watching foreign films.
There are spelling rules for forming the -ing form.
• With most verbs, we just add -ing: talk / talking.
Use the Cambridge Learner Corpus Get it right!

to get your grammar right!
We can use a gerund to talk about an activity,
e.g. studying, working, visiting.
Studying at home is difficult because I share a
room with my brother.
6
Check!
Complete the phrases with the correct words from the box.
carton bar can bottle slice

a a …………………… of soap d a …………………… of cola
There are opportunities to practise yourbgrammar on the Useofof

a …………………… English
juice e a …………………… of bread
pages in each unit. Each Use of Englishcsession
a …………………… of water parts:
is divided into three
Focus
1 Complete the partitive phrases.
Focus: These grammar questions
a Don’t forget to buy a …………………… of bread.
help you to master the basics.
b I’d like a …………………… of soup for lunch, please.
c Can I have a …………………… of lemonade with ice?
d Let’s get a …………………… of grapes for the picnic.
e We need a …………………… of cereal and a ……………………
of matches.
f Let’s have a …………………… of coffee and a ……………………
of cake.
Practice: These grammar

questions help you to become
Use of English
more accurate and confident. Use of English
Practice 27
Practice
2 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition + question word from the box.
Near whose To whose From whom With whose
Near
Over whose
which Towhich
In whose Under From which
whom With whose
Over which In which Under which
a To whose
…………………… party were they all invited last week?
a To whose
b …………………… country is the ancient city of Petra?
c …………………… circumstances would you keep money that you found in the street?
d …………………… do you think we learn best, our parents or our teachers?
e …………………… help was this project completed?
e
Challenge: These questions ……………………
will help was this project completed?
help you use languagefffluently
……………………
and
……………………
busy street are they planning to build a pedestrian bridge?
busy street are they planning to build a pedestrian bridge?
prepare for the next level.
g …………………… house was the suitcase full of money found?
Challenge
Challenge
3 Complete the questions with a preposition + question word. Then answer the questions in your
3 Complete
notebook.the questions with a preposition + question word. Then answer the questions in your
notebook.
a To whom
…………………… do you always tell the total truth?
a To whom
b …………………… time in your life have you felt happiest?
c …………………… people have you been most influenced so far in your life?
d …………………… have you received the most useful bits of advice?
e …………………… opinion are you most likely to listen?
f …………………… do you usually feel most comfortable?
g …………………… classes are you most likely to feel happy and relaxed? 7
g …………………… classes are you most likely to feel happy and relaxed?
1 Languages
of the world
1.1 My language, your language
1 Complete the text with words and phrases from the box.
Low res
home bilingual few words of fluent improve
official language second songs started learning
that way learn it subtitles
I was born in France and have lived in Paris all my life, but both my parents are from
official language 1 is Arabic. We’ve always spoken Arabic at
Morocco, where the ……………………
……………………2 so I am completely ……………………3 in Arabic and French.
My parents were already very ……………………4 in French when they came to live
in France, because it was a ……………………5 language for them. That’s because
when they were at school, they were taught Science and Maths in French. But when
they speak French, they still have a Moroccan accent. I don’t have a Moroccan accent
because I ……………………6 French at nursery school when I was two years old.
I love learning languages. At school, I learn English and Spanish. I really enjoy watching
films in Spanish with ……………………7. I learn a lot ……………………8.
I also like listening to ……………………9 in English. I think it helps me to
……………………10 my vocabulary. I know a ……………………11 Mandarin
Chinese but I’d like to ……………………12 properly one day because it could be really
useful to me in my career. I want to be an interpreter and translate at international
conferences.
2 Complete the words. They are all languages or nationalities. Write L (for language),
N (for nationality) or B (for both) next to each one.
a Canadian N f Ind……………………
b Bah…………………… g Japan……………………
Ma…………………… h Mand……………………
c Canton…………………… i Sans……………………
d Fren…………………… j Span……………………
e Hin…………………… k Ur……………………
8
1.2 Geography and languages
1.2 Teach yourself Tok Pisin 1

1 Complete the crossword.
2
Across
3 4 5
2 A language that has developed
from a mixture of two 6
languages. (6) 7
7 The number of people living in

a country. (10)
8
8 The language of ancient
Rome. (5)
10 A pidgin language that has 9
become the mother language. (6)

10
11 Group of people living in a

particular area who have the
same culture and language. (9)
11
Down
1 An ………… country is one that isn’t ruled by another country. (11)
3 The most important city in a country. (7)
4 Russian uses the Cyrillic ………… (8)
5 The language spoken in Poland. (6)
6 The words that we use or learn to use in a language. (10)
9 Papua ………… Guinea. (3)
Challenge
2 Answer the questions in your notebook.
a How many languages do you speak?
b What’s the official language of your country? Is it different from
your first language?
c Does your first language or your country’s official language contain words
from other languages? If yes, give some examples.
d Why do some countries have an official language that isn’t spoken at home
by most people? Do you think it’s a good idea? Why or why not?
9
1 Languages of the world
1.3 It’s good to learn languages

1 Circle the correct words and phrases to complete the interview questions
and answers.
Do you think it is useful to know / knowing1 another language?

Yes, it is, for example / definitely 2. Speaking to someone in their own
language, even if / of course 3 it is only for a short time, makes that
country / person 4 feel more at ease. So when you visit another country
it is really / a little bit 5 useful.
So in your opinion, knowing just a few / small 6 words makes a difference?
Yes, it makes very different / all the difference 7. People really like it when
you try / trying 8 to speak their language.
What do you think for / that 9 the advantages are of learning languages?
Learners who know another / second 10 language have better reading skills
and a wider / longer 11 vocabulary. When it comes to work, you’re a little
bit / more likely 12 to be successful if you speak the language of / from 13 the
people you do business with. For example / It’s useful 14 if you work for
a Japanese series / company 15 in Europe or America, you need to speak /
speaking 16 some Japanese. They say that people who / which17 use languages
in their jobs earn about / times 18 8% more than people who don’t use them.
Also, studies / colleges show 19 that it improves your brain power. And
now is / there is 20 even some evidence that people who are bilingual
live longer!
2 Replace the underlined words with words from Exercise 1.

a at eae
I always feel relaxed ……………………. with my language teacher.
b Learning languages has a lot of good points ……………………. .
c I need to work on my listening and speaking abilities ……………………
in Spanish.
d My vocabulary gets better …………………… when I watch films with
subtitles.
e Scientists have information from research …………………… that
sleeping is good for your memory.
10
Use of English
Question words who, what, whose and which

Use of English
The interrogative pronouns who and what and the interrogative adjectives whose (+ noun)
and which (+ noun) can be the subject or the object of a verb.
Question words As subject As object

Who Who saw the thief? Who did you see?
NOT: Who did see the thief?
What What happened yesterday? What did you find under
NOT: What did happen yesterday? that stone?
Whose Whose hens escaped last night? Whose hens did the fox
NOT: Whose hens did escape last night? eat last night?
Which Which actors starred in Titanic? Which actor did you
NOT: Which actors did star in Titanic? meet last summer?
Check!
Write S (subject) or O (object) for the question words in italics.
a Who answered the phone? ………… e Whose phone is ringing? …………
b What did they want? ………… f Who did you call just now? …………
c Whose bike did you borrow? ………… g Which colour do you prefer? …………
d Which teacher said that? ………… h What will happen to them? …………
Low res
11
Focus
1 Complete the dialogue with what, who, which or whose.
Jan: Hi Sal. It’s Jan. Jan: Watching a movie.
Sal: Jan! I didn’t recognise the number. Sal: ……………………5 did you see?
Jan: Well I left all my stuff at Mia’s. Jan: An old James Bond film.
Sal: What
…………………… 1
did you Sal: Cool! ……………………6 was
leave? starring in it?
Jan: My bag with my phone in it. Jan: You mean, ……………………7 actor
Sal: So ……………………2 phone are was playing James Bond?
you using at the moment? Sal: Yes.
Jan: My sister’s. Jan: It was Roger Moore.
Sal: ……………………3 sister lent it to Sal: ……………………8 Bond movies did
you? Deb or Liza? he make?
Jan: Liza, of course. Jan: Lots. He starred in them between
Sal: ……………………4 were you doing 1972 and 1985.
round at Mia’s? Sal: Wow. That is a long time ago.
Practice
2 Complete the questions with a word from the box. Some words are used more than once.
Then match the questions to the answers.
What What‘s Who‘s Whose Where
a What
…………………… do you call the two dots 1 Mandarin doesn’t.
above some letters in German? 2 I think it’s a great way to learn
b …………………… is Tagalog spoken? a language.
c …………………… do you think about 3 It’s called an umlaut.
studying abroad?
4 It’s hard to describe.
d …………………… language doesn’t use the
Roman alphabet? 5 It’s one of the languages of
e …………………… been to South America? the Philippines.
f …………………… the accent like in Scotland? 6 I’ve been to Brazil.
Challenge
3 Your mobile screen is broken and you can’t read all the words in your messages. Write questions
with who, what, which or whose.
a What did you break?
I broke my xxxx yesterday. ……………………………………………………………………
b I’ve passed my xxxx exam. ……………………………………………………………………
c I borrowed xxxx’s laptop yesterday. …………………………………………………………
d xxxx got a prize last week. xxxx told me. ……………………………………………………
e I invited xxxx to my party. He said xxxx. ……………………………………………………
12
Use of English
-ing forms as subjects and objects

Use of English
The -ing form of the verb can be used as a noun or in a noun phrase. The noun or noun
phrase can be the subject of a verb: Swimming is fun. Learning languages is useful.
Or it can be the object of a verb: I like travelling. I enjoy watching foreign films.
There are spelling rules for forming the -ing form.
• With most verbs, we just add -ing: talk / talking.
• With verbs ending in one e, we delete the e and add -ing: write / writing.
• With verbs that end in a stressed syllable of one vowel and one consonant (not y or w),
we double the last consonant and add -ing: begin / beginning BUT: play / playing.
Check!
Write the -ing form of these verbs.
a anwring
answer / …………………… e open / ……………………
b get / …………………… f ride / ……………………
c see / …………………… g run / ……………………
d make / …………………… h stay / ……………………
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with the correct verb in the -ing form.
be get improve learn listen to make watch work out use
a Watching
…………………… films in English is a good way to learn new words.
b Avoid …………………… a dictionary all the time.
Low res
c …………………… the meaning of words from context is a useful skill.
d A lot of learners enjoy …………………… songs to improve their
vocabulary.
e Have you considered …………………… a language learning app
on your phone?
f …………………… fast at a language is not possible without daily practice.
g …………………… afraid of …………………… mistakes is bad for fluency.
h Don’t forget that …………………… a language should be fun.
13
Practice Get it right!

2 Circle the best form of the word for each sentence.
We can use a gerund
a She passed the English exam because of all her hard to talk about an
work / working through the year. activity, e.g. studying,
b He spent five years studies / studying Chinese. working, visiting.
Studying at home is
c I spoke Spanish every day during my visit / visiting difficult because I share
to Madrid. a room with my brother.
d Work / Working with people from different countries is But there is often a
really interesting. separate noun form
that we use in other
e During the interview, they asked him about his studies / contexts, e.g. studies,
studying. work, visit.
She has to combine
f Visit / Visiting a country is a great way to practise the
her studies with her
language. football training.
Challenge
3 Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same thing.
Use an -ing form in every sentence.
a It was fun to read that book in French.
Reading that book
……………………………… in French was fun.
b It can damage your eyes to look at the sun.
………………………………………… sun can damage your eyes.
c It’s not easy to learn three languages at the same time.
………………………………………… at the same time is not easy.
d The best way to learn a language is to practise every day.
………………………………………… to learn a language.
4 Write sentences about yourself using an -ing form.

a Find a snake under my bed
…………ing…………………………………… is one of my greatest fears.
b …………ing …………………………………… is one of my ambitions.
c …………ing …………………………………… is one of my most vivid memories.
d …………ing …………………………………… was one of my most exciting experiences.
e I can never forget …………ing …………………………………… .
14
1.4 Talk about it
1.4 Do you speak emoji?

1 Make collocations with the correct word from the box. Low Res
look face mouth cheeks eyebrows up
a open mouth …………………… d raised ……………………

b pink …………………… e thumbs ……………………
c puzzled …………………… f smiley ……………………
2 Complete the sentences with words from the box.
crying winking joking laughing pointing puzzled rolling smiling
a laughing
‘Why are you …………………… ?’ ‘Because I just heard a joke!’
b That book’s funny. I was …………………… while I was reading it.
c ‘Are you OK?’ ‘Yes, I’m fine. I’m just …………………… because I’m cutting onions!’
d ‘Why are you looking so ……………………?’ ‘It’s because I don’t understand the
instructions on my new phone.’
e ‘Look over there.’ ‘Where? What are you …………………… at?’
f ‘Why are you …………………… your eyes?’ ‘WHY? Because you’re twenty minutes late
AS USUAL!’
g ‘Dave said there was a snake in this swimming pool.’ ‘Relax! He was …………………….
He just said it to scare you.’
h ‘How do you know he wasn’t being serious?’ ‘Because he was …………………… at me
when he said it!’
3 Complete the dialogue with an appropriate word.
Presenter: ing
Why do people like …………………… 1
emojis?
Professor: Well, first of all they’re a universal ……………………2.
Everyone can understand them because they’re
……………………3 not words.
Presenter: Are there any other ……………………4?
Professor: Well, it’s much ……………………5 to click on an emoji to say
‘I’m having a great time’ rather than writing it.
15
1.5 Beyond words

1 Write the word or phrase next to the correct definition.
body language a Polite and friendly words or gesture when you meet
or welcome someone ……………………greting
culture
eye contact b Speaking without using words ……………………
gesture c The way your body shows your feelings ……………………
greeting d The habits, traditions and beliefs of a society or group

of people ……………………
non-verbal
communication e A movement you make with your hand, arm, or head
to express something, for example waving ……………………
f It happens when two people look at each other at the
same time ……………………
2 Are these words adjectives or nouns? Write adj or n next to them.
a aggressive adj
……… e impatience ………
b angry ……… f negative ………
c agreement ……… g offence ………
d confusion ……… h uncomfortable ………
3 Circle the correct option in each sentence.

Low Res
a I aggressively / accidentally stood on someone’s foot
so I said sorry quickly.
b It’s a problem when people from different cultures
misunderstand / maintain each other’s gestures.
c I’ve written all the train times down so there won’t
be any confidence / confusion about our travel plans.
d The meaning of gestures can express / vary in
different cultures.
e In many Arab countries people touch / kiss their chest over their
heart just after they smile / shake hands.
f I think it’s polite to show offence / interest when somebody is talking to me.
g Some people find it’s easiest to express / maintain their ideas and feelings in writing.
16
1.6 Talk about it
1.6 An A to Z of idioms
1 There’s one incorrect word in each idiom. Cross it out and write the correct one
in the space. Then match the explanations to the corrected idioms.
a neck
[ 2 ] He’s a pain in the foot. …………………… 1 It wasn’t difficult at all.
b [ ] I was on a stick edge. …………………… 2 He’s very annoying.
c [ ] I was over the world. …………………… 3 I was extremely worried.
d [ ] It was a piece of ABC. …………………… 4 It’s really wonderful.
e [ ] It’s as easy as cake. …………………… 5 I was really happy.
f [ ] It’s out of this moon. …………………… 6 It really is very simple.
2 Choose the correct idiom to complete each response.
It’s out of the question. It’s a zoo out there. it gets on your nerves.
That’s all very well It went from bad to worse It’s a good job
arrive on the dot It’s anybody’s guess.
a Ali: Is Jordan always punctual? e Tariq: Do you like this game?

arrive on the dot
Jo: Yes. She’ll ………………………... Akina: It’s OK at first. But after a bit
b Su: What’s the traffic like? ……………………………………..… .
Kim: Terrible. ……………………...... f Jung: How was the camping?
s ……………………………………..… . Zara: ……………………………….....

that you didn’t come. It rained the
c Lee: Dad, can you do my homework whole time.
for me?
g Sam: So you left your mobile on the
Dad: Certainly not. ………………… bus. Then what happened?
……………………………………..… . Defne: ……………………...………
d Ana: Where’s Charlie? …………………………………….…
Jay: I don’t know. …………………… We missed the train.
……………………………………..… . h Juni: You can borrow my mobile if
you lend me your bike.
Leanne: …………………………...…
but I need my bike to get to school.
17
Present continuous
Use of English
• We use the present continuous for • We can use the present continuous or
actions that are happening at the time the present simple with feel and look
of speaking: ‘Why are you crying?’ ‘I’m when we talk about how someone feels
not crying. I’m laughing.’ or looks now. I feel happy today. OR: I’m
feeling happy today. You look relaxed.
• When the verb think means believe, we
OR: You’re looking relaxed.
do not use the present continuous: I
think it’s important to learn languages. • We can use the present continuous with
BUT: ‘You look sad. What are you have when it doesn’t mean possess
thinking about?’ ‘I’m thinking about my or own: Are you having a nice time in
cousin who is very ill.’ France? BUT: I have a lot of relations.
• We can use the verb be in the present • Some verbs are not normally used in
continuous when we are talking about the present continuous. Here are some
how someone is acting or behaving of them: believe, belong, contain, hate,
now: He is usually very polite. Why is know, like, love, mean, need, prefer,
he being so difficult today? realise, seem, understand, want.
Check!
Circle the correct phrases.
a You look thoughtful. Are you thinking / Do you think 1 about the holidays?
b Josie is / is being 2 very tired.
c Ed isn’t having / doesn’t have 3 fun today.
Focus
1 Write the text messages in the present continuous.
a I (feel) ……………………………1
and I ………………………………2 (enjoy) walking near the
………………………………3 .
b Hiya Ben. We ………………………………4 (play)

on the ………………………………5 . Come and join us.
18
Use of English
c Happy birthday from Newquay. We ………………………………6 (think)

about you today and we ………………………………7 (send) you lots of
good wishes. I hope you ………………………………8 (have) a lovely
day. What ………………………………9 (you do)? It
……………………………10 here and I ……………………………11
(not go) out. We ………………………………12
(stay) in our ………………………………13 until it stops!
Practice
2 Choose the best verb form to complete the sentences. Get it right!
a I love chatting to my friends online. I check /
We use the present continuous
I’m checking my phone every few minutes. for actions that are happening
b At the moment, I learn / I’m learning sign right now:
language. It’s a two-week beginner’s course. What are you reading? I’m
reading a really interesting article
c Sorry, I can’t talk right now – I study /
about the Amazon rainforest.
I’m studying in the library.
But we use the present simple
d When Jose visits his aunt, he speaks / for regular, repeated habits,
is speaking Spanish to her. especially with time phrases:
e Quite often, I listen / I’m listening to podcasts Every night, I read for about half
an hour before I go to sleep.
in English on my phone.
Challenge
3 Put the verb in the correct form, present simple or present continuous.
a cntain
An apple …………………… (contain) a lot of the vitamins you need.
b Why …………………… (people / like) using emojis?
c What …………………… (we have) for supper today?
d I …………………… (think) about getting a new bike.
e She …………………… (seem) really tired today.
f I …………………… (not understand) why he …………………… (be) so
lazy today. Normally he …………………… (be) really helpful.
g What …………………… (bilingual mean)?
h What …………………… (go) on? Why …………………… (everyone run)
down this road?
19
Abstract nouns
Use of English
• We usually use abstract nouns without continue. When we use an abstract
an article: Which is more important: noun with an article, it is often followed
intelligence or courage? by a defining relative clause or by of +
noun phrase, or by to, when it means in
• When we talk about a specific example
order to.
of an abstract quality, the abstract
noun has an article: I will never forget • These are some common endings of
the freedom that I felt when I got my abstract nouns: -ment, -ness, -ce, -tion,
first bicycle. He had the courage to -sion, -ity, -ship, -acy, -ism, -th.
Check!
Circle the correct words.
a Health / The health is more important than wealth / the wealth.
b I didn’t have confidence / the confidence to ask a question.
c Friendliness / The friendliness which everyone showed immediately put me at ease.
Focus
1 Match the beginnings of the abstract nouns to their endings.
-cy -sion -ence -tion -ship -ness -ity -ment
a fluen………… d kind………… g embarrass…………

b confid………… e relation………… h confu…………
c concentra………… f flexibil…………
Practice
Get it right!
Think carefully about the form of a word you need.
Noun advice practice life choice decision encouragement
Verb advise practise live choose decide encourage
Noun fun truth happiness luck surprise confidence

Adjective funny true happy lucky surprised confident
20
Use of English
2 Choose the best word to complete the sentences.

a We haven’t made a decide / decision about where to go on holiday.
b We really enjoyed our trip to Singapore – it was great fun / funny.
c Wish me luck / lucky – I’ve got an exam tomorrow.
d We usually laugh to express happy / happiness.
e Deciding which language to study was a tough choice / choose.
3 Complete the dialogues using the noun form of the underlined word.
a ‘Have you encouraged him to read in English?’
encourageent .’
‘Yes, I’ve given him lots of …………………….
b ‘The doctor advised me to stay at home.’ Low res
‘Then I think you should take her …………………….’

c ‘I’d like to live in a different country for a while.’
‘Yes, I don’t want to spend my whole …………………… in

the same place.’
d ‘Is that really true?’
‘Yes, I promise I’m telling the ……………………!’
e ‘What do you do at football ……………………?’
‘We practise different skills like passing the ball or shooting on goal.’
Challenge
4 Complete these sentences with your own words.
a I go for bike rid in the countryside.
I get a feeling of freedom when ………………………………………
b Honesty is important …………………………………….……………
c I haven’t got the strength to …………………………………………..
d I will never forget the kindness that ………………………………….
5 Write sentences in your notebook using one of these abstract nouns in each one:
encouragement, friendship, patience, embarrassment.
21
1.7 Improve your writing Low res
1 Circle the correct words in the first paragraph of an email

from Wang Lei in China to Leon in Australia.
Hi Leon
Nice to meet you by / to1 email! I got the / your 2 name and email address from / for 3 Ms
Yang, our English teacher. She told me you’ll / you’re4 learning Mandarin by / at 5 your
school and want to get to know / knowing 6 a Chinese learner your age for / so7 you can
improve your writing. That’s great for / to8 me because I want to be / being9 in touch with
an Australian learner my age. You see, I’m hoping so / to improve my English writing!
Send
2 Put the next paragraph of the email in the correct order. Number the sentences 1 to 5.
a [ ] But probably the most beautiful d [ ] It’s a big port with a population
place in my city is Binhai Road with its of nearly seven million people.
views of mountains and sea. e [ ] There’s a famous park in the
b [ ] I hope one day you’ll come and stay city called Xinghai Park where we
so I can take you there. sometimes have picnics.
c [ 1 ] I’m fourteen and live in Dalian,
Liaoning Province in north east China.
3 Put the words in order and punctuate them to make the last paragraph of Wang Lei’s email.
a subjects / are / what / favourite / your
What are your favourite subjects?
……………………………………………………………………………………
b long / have / how / you / been / Chinese / learning
……………………………………………………………………………………
c do / what / you / free / in / time / your / do / usually
……………………………………………………………………………………
d really / forward / I’m / to / from / hearing / you / looking
……………………………………………………………………………………
e wishes / best / Wang Lei
……………………………………………………………………………………
Challenge
4 In your notebook, write a similar email about yourself to a new penfriend.
You can choose which English-speaking country your penfriend lives in.
22
1.8 Read and respond
1.8 Poetry
1 Complete the limericks by filling the gaps with rhyming words from dress boat
the box.
smelly throat
There was an old woman called ……………………4 tight walk
Who loved watching films on the telly dish Kelly
fork
She watched day and night
With her boots on too ……………………5
Low res
And her feet got incredibly ……………………6.
There was a young woman from Cork

fork
Who tried to eat soup with a ……………………1
She made a real mess

And got food on her ……………………2
So she gave up and went for a ……………………3.
There once was a brave little goat

Who sailed out to sea in a ……………………7
From a little tin ……………………8
He ate seaweed and fish
Which he hoped would soon cure his sore ……………………9.
2 In your notebook, sort these words and phrases into groups which rhyme.
again dark drew flower grab it habit jewel park

pool power rabbit rain school shark shoe shower
Stu taught us tortoise train waters zoo
Challenge
3 Try writing a limerick in your notebook. Use words from Exercise 2 if you need
to. First write lines 1, 2 and 5 which rhyme with each other. Line 1 usually ends
with a person’s name or the name of a place. Then write lines 3 and 4, which are
shorter and have a different rhyme.
23
2 Design and
architecture
2.1 Bars, boxes and bottles
1 The letters of the packaging phrases are muddled. Put them in the correct order and
write a food or drink item that goes with each one.
a a can of cola
a anc of ………….…………. h a nit of ………….………….
b a bute of ………….…………. i a oxb of ………….………….
c a captek of ………….…………. j a rab of ………….………….
d a chunb of ………….…………. k a raj of ………….………….
e a foal of ………….…………. l a selic of ………….………….
f a gab of ………….…………. m a toncar of ………….………….
g a lebtot of ………….………….
2 Complete the dialogue at a supermarket with some of the words from Exercise 1.
Remember to make them plural where necessary.
Dad: Here’s the shopping list.

Elly: Right, crisps?
Dad: aag
Yes a big …………………… 1
of salt and
vinegar crisps.
Elly: And biscuits?
Dad: I’d like a …………………… 2 of those nice lemon biscuits. Low res
Elly: What about bread?
Dad: Yes. We need a couple of …………………… 3 of brown bread, please.
Elly: And a …………………… 4 of grapes?
Dad: Yes, please. And mum asked us to get a …………………… 5 of honey.
Elly: What are we going to give everyone for dessert?
Dad: A …………………… 6 of birthday cake. Have you made it yet?
Elly: No. I need two …………………… 7 of chocolate to make the cream in the
middle and the icing. And don’t forget a …………………… 8 of matches for
the candles.
24
2.2 Geometry
2.2 Why is an egg egg-shaped?

1 Complete the words. Then match them to the diagrams.
a 7c n 1
b c b 2
c cyl nd r 3
d sph r 4
e h x g n l pr sm 5
f h m sph r 6
g sq r based pyr m d 7
h tr ng l r pr sm 8
i tr ng l r pyr m d 9
2 Write the adjectives. Low res
noun adjective noun adjective

a circular
circle …………………… d cylinder ……………………
b triangle …………………… e hexagon ……………………
c sphere …………………… f octagon ……………………
3 Answer the quiz questions.

a This building in the USA is called the Pentagon. Can you work out
what the word pentagon means? ……….………….………………….……………….…….….
b If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape does it become? ……….………….…
c If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape does it become? ……….…………....
d If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape, does it become? ……….…..
e How many cubes are there in this shape? ……….………….…….…………………..
25
2 Design and architecture
Low res
2.3 Design classics

1 Complete the texts with appropriate words.
The original of these were a ……………………type 1

of sandal
worn in ancient Egypt. But …………………… modern version
2
originated in Japan, where they’re …………………… 3 ‘zori’.

They’re very simple, they’re practical and …………………… 4
aren’t expensive. You …………………… 5 wear them indoors or outdoors. They
…………………… 6 be worn by adults and children. …………………… 7 don’t try
running in them!
Originally, an ordinary pin …………………… 8 used to hold papers together. The

…………………… 9 was that the pin could prick …………………… 10 finger if you
weren’t careful. And …………………… 11 course, a pin left a hole …………………… 12
the paper. Then in the 1890s, …………………… 13 new design appeared. It was a
…………………… 14 of thin metal, made in a …………………… 15
shape so that it held paper …………………… 16 without making
holes. There …………………… 17 been several variations on
the …………………… 18 designs: some are triangular; some are Low res
…………………… 19 heart-shaped and star-shaped.
2 Match the descriptions to the pictures.

a This object has an almond-shaped base and uses 1
electricity to make clothes flat.
b It’s a pear-shaped object which is used to give light. 2
c This is a diamond-shaped sign which shows that
the road is slippery. 3
d It’s a thin ring-shaped object made of rubber
which you can use to tie your hair back. 4
Challenge
3 Describe these objects in one or two sentences in your notebook.
Low res Low res Low res
26
Use of English
Partitives
Use of English
We can use a noun phrase with of to describe things that come in: Low res
containers – a packet of crisps; groups – a bunch of flowers;
shapes – a bar of chocolate.
We can use partitives with countable nouns, e.g a bag of nuts, or
with uncountable nouns, e.g a drop of water, a slice of cake.
Partitives can also be used in expressions which do not involve
food or water: a piece of paper, a bit of rain, a bit of sun, a load
of work.
Check!
Complete the phrases with the correct words from the box.
carton bar can bottle slice
a a …………………… of soap d a …………………… of cola

b a …………………… of juice e a …………………… of bread
c a …………………… of water
Focus
1 Complete the partitive phrases.
a Don’t forget to buy a …………………… of bread.
b I’d like a …………………… of soup for lunch, please.
c Can I have a …………………… of lemonade with ice?
d Let’s get a …………………… of grapes for the picnic.
e We need a …………………… of cereal and a ……………………
of matches.
f Let’s have a …………………… of coffee and a ……………………
of cake.
27
2 Time to celebrate

2 Add any missing words to the sentences below.
Some sentences are correct. Remember, we talk about:
pair of • a piece of information /
a I packed four clean t-shirts and two shorts.
advice
b She gave me a really useful advice. • a piece of paper
c You can only take five clothing into the changing room. • a piece of equipment
• a piece of music
d Most of the children were wearing jeans and t-shirts.
• a piece / an item of
e Someone had left a sunglasses on the table. clothing
f I’m going to play a music written especially for • a pair of shoes /

today’s concert. trousers / shorts /
jeans / glasses.
g The scientists use special equipment to test the age of
the samples.
h You can find a lot more information on our website.
i Bring a spare trainers in case you get wet.
Challenge
3 Choose the correct word in each sentence.
a We had a mountain / piece / dash of rubbish to clear up after the party.
Low res
b Just add a trickle / piece / dash of salt and it will be delicious.
c The detective noticed a tiny dash / spot / pinch of blood on the carpet.
d This room needs just a lick / heap / dash of paint to improve it.
e Only a lick / spot / trickle of water came out of the tap.
f The recipe says to add a dash / trickle / pinch of lemon to the mixture.
28
Use of English
Second conditionals
Use of English
We can use if clauses to describe imaginary situations.
Positive Negative
Clause 1 The negative of would is wouldn’t.
If + simple past tense If I lived in the country, I wouldn’t be able
If I lived in the country, to go to the cinema.
If I didn’t live in the city, Questions and short answers
Clause 2 Would you cycle to school if the roads were
would safer? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.
I would buy a horse. For advice
I’d grow my own vegetables. We can use the second conditional to
give advice: If I were you, I’d call him.
You can change the order of the clauses NOTE: We usually say If I were you rather
like this: than If I was you.
I would buy a horse if I lived in the country.
I’d grow my own vegetables if I didn’t live
in the city.
Note that I’d is the short form of I would.
Check!
a We use the second conditional to talk about real / imaginary situations.
b In the if clause, we use would / the past tense.
c In the other clause, we use would / the past tense.
d The short form of would is wd’ / ’d.
Focus
1 Write sentences using the second conditional. Don’t forget the comma
where necessary.
a If I (be) a designer / I (invent) a new type of tent.
If I was a designer, I would invent a new type of tent.
……………………………………………………….....................................
b I (not ask) Marek for advice / if I (be) you.
……………………………………………………….....................................
29
c She (do) better at school / if she (not chat) all the time.
……………………………………………………….....................................
d If people (stop) using cars / our cities (not be) so polluted.
……………………………………………………….....................................
e If you (have) a boat / (you sail) around the world?
……………………………………………………….....................................
f There (be) less pollution / if someone (can) invent solar planes.
……………………………………………………….....................................
Practice
2 Choose the best verb forms to complete the text.
Get it right!
You’ll notice that the house has relatively small windows.
If the rooms has / had 1 bigger windows, obviously, there’d / We can talk about two
hypothetical results of
there’ll 2 be more light, which is / would be 3 nice. However, if
the same action in the
the windows are / were 4 bigger, there’d be / there’s 5 a larger same sentence using if +
area of glass and that can / would 6 let more heat escape, so the past simple … would …
house will / would 7 be less energy efficient. In a perfect world, would: If we used less
it would be great if we can / could 8 invent a type of glass that plastic packaging, there
kept the heat in. would be less waste and
less plastic would end
up in the oceans.
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using the
second conditional.
a I’d give some of it to charity
If I won (win) $1m, ………………………………………………………… .
b If I (have) a lot of money, I ………………………………………………... .
c My life (be) better if ……………………………………………………….. .
d I (feel) really happy if ……………………………………………………… .
e I (get) very angry if ……………………………………………………….... .
f If I (be) you, I ………………………………………………………............ .
g If I (can) choose any ………………………………………………………..,
I ………………………………………………………... .
30
2.4 Think about it
2.4 Just the place

1 Solve the crossword.
1 2 Down
3
2 Outside area that’s attached to the
higher floors of a building. (7)
4 5 6 7
3 Small house made with tree trunks.
8
(3,5)
9
5 In a style that has stayed the same
for many years. (11)
10
6 Man-made rectangular block used
11 for building. (5)
12 7 Expensive apartment at the top of
13
a tall building. (9)
14 15
12 Hard, strong material such as
silver or iron. (5)
16 17 18
15 Material from trees used for

building and making furniture. (4)
16 Hard transparent material used for
19
making windows. (5)
18 Plants grow in it. It’s also the name
of our planet. (5)
Across
1 Tropical plant that produces long sticks used for building. (6)
4 Grey material made of cement, sand, water and small stones. (8)
8 Not straight. Having a smooth, rounded shape. (6)
9 Material from the ground often used to make tiles. (4)
10 With lots of hills. (5)
11 They’re often used to cover a roof or on a floor. (5)
13 Hard material from the ground used to build walls. (5)
14 Tall, narrow building that’s often square or circular. (5)
17 The front of a building. (6)
19 Window in a roof. (8)
31
2.5 Homes in the desert

1 Circle the correct words.
If you live in a desert, you need a house that is Low res

resistant / efficient 1 to heat and that can stay
cool even when the sun is at its hottest.
A traditional / comfortable 2 method of building
in the Sahara Desert is using zinc / earth 3 made
into sun-dried bricks. This method is
environmentally high / friendly 4 and energy
efficient / renewable 5 since the earth does not
need to be built / transported 6 and the bricks
are dried by the sun. Also earth walls do not
conduct / cover 7 heat. They keep a house cool
during the hot daytime, but the heat stays in them
at night when the energy / temperature 8 drops.
2 Complete the text with the correct words from the box.
air flow escapes heat conductor hottest light rays roof windows
In recent years, many traditional houses in the Sahel areas of Africa have been built with a
roof
metal ………………………… 1
. This has made building quicker but metal is a ………………………… 2, so
heat passes along it very easily. This means that during the ………………………… 3 time of day,
heat comes in, and at night, when it’s cool, the heat ………………………… 4. Now some builders in
the Sahel are going back to traditional domed roofs. This shape prevents ………………………… 5
entering because of the angle of the roof.
To keep heat down during the day when the sun is strong, most Sahel houses are built
with only a few small ………………………… 6. Making the roof higher or having small windows at
different heights can increase ………………………… 7.
Low res
32
2.6 Talk about it
2.6 Famous buildings

1 Write the name of:
a useum
a building where you can see ancient objects: m ……………………
b a place where kings and queens live: p ……………………
c a very tall, thin structure: t ……………………
d a building with triangular sides: p ……………………
e a building where you can see a performance involving singing and acting:
o …………………… h ……………………
f a building where you can see sports events: s ……………………
g three religious buildings: c ……………………, m ……………………,
t …………………….
2 Every seventh word is missing. Write a suitable word in each gap.
• Some will be simple words like a or in.
• Contractions such as there’s (= there is) count as one word.
• There are several possibilities for some of the gaps.
most
The Royal Albert Hall is the …………………… 1
famous concert
hall in the UK. ……………………2 a huge oval brick building with Low res
……………………3 glass and steel domed roof. It ……………………4

built by Queen Victoria in memory ……………………5 her
husband Prince Albert who died ……………………6 1861.
The designers ……………………7 those days, unfortunately,
didn’t know much ……………………8 acoustics. They didn’t
have the knowledge ……………………9 we have today about
how to ……………………10 a building with good sound. So
……………………11 it rains during a concert at ……………………12
Royal Albert Hall, you hear the ……………………13 falling on the
glass roof. But ……………………14 looks wonderful inside with
all the ……………………15 decorations and red curtains and
carpets. ……………………16 space for more than 5,000 people
……………………17 the hall. It’s used for all ……………………18
of events, including classical and pop ……………………19, opera,
ballet and circus.
33
Relative clauses beginning with prepositions

Use of English
• In formal written English we can make relative clauses using relative pronouns
with prepositions: There is a huge balcony. You can see the ocean from the huge
balcony. We can combine those two sentences with a relative clause beginning with a
preposition + which: There is a huge balcony from which you can see the ocean.
• Now read these two sentences: The designer has won awards. They toured the
city with the designer. We can combine those two sentences with a relative clause
beginning with a preposition + whom: The designer with whom they toured the city
has won awards.
Note that with a preposition we use whom NOT who, e.g with whom, for whom, to whom.
Check!
a The hotel in which / in that you will be staying is in the centre.
b The train on whom / on which we travelled went incredibly fast.
c The scientist with which / with whom we work specializes in genetics.
Focus
a He had a teacher to whom / from whom / by which he received a lot of
good advice.
b They had a rope in which / by which / with which they were able to rescue
the boy.
c A job was advertised at which / for which / on which a lot of people applied.
d The reporters from whom / in which / by whom they were interviewed were
from Denmark.
e The coach on which / to which / with which we travelled was air-conditioned.
Practice
2 Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition + relative pronoun.
a in which
The house …………………… they live is made mostly of wood and glass.
b Is that the architect …………………… your father worked last year?
34
Use of English
c The material …………………… this building is constructed is very cheap.

d I will never forget the kind people …………………… we were rescued
after the accident.
e The only days …………………… the design museum is open are Tuesday
and Saturday.
f The method …………………… clay roof tiles are made today, originated
hundreds of years ago.
g I still know a lot of the people …………………… I was friendly at
primary school.
h The tree …………………… we are sitting is the oldest tree in the country.
Nobody ever climbs on it.
Challenge
3 Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun and the underlined preposition.
a They’re staying at a hotel in Norway. It’s made entirely of ice.
The hotel at which they’re staying in Norway i made ntirly of ice.
…………………………………………………………………………………
b His grandmother was very pleased. He built a house for her made of
bottles.
His grandmother …………………………………………………… pleased.
c She won an award for the building. It has a grass roof.
The building …………………………………………………………… roof.
d The engineer is planning to use solar heating. We had a meeting with her.
The engineer ………………………………………………… solar heating.
e The block was designed by an architect. The architect always uses a lot
ofglass.
The architect ………………………………………………… a lot of glass.
Low res
35
Questions beginning with prepositions

Use of English
Sometimes we start a question with a preposition:
In which unit did we study comparatives? The reason is that it often sounds clearer.
On which day did you visit the Design Compare these sentences:
Museum? After which war did America stop being a
To whom did you lend my phone charger? colony of Britain?
Under whose bed did you find this letter? Which war did America stop being a colony
of Britain after?
Check!
Write the correct prepositions.
a …………………… which palm tree c …………………… whose camera did
did he bury the treasure? you take this photo?
b …………………… whom was this d …………………… which situations do
picture painted? you feel shy?
Focus
1 Make sentences by putting the words in order.
a Tower / which/ In / you / see / can / Eiffel / city / the / ?
In which city can you e the Eiffl Twer?
……………………………………………………….....................................
Low res
b river / which / on / Cairo / stand / does / ?
……………………………………………………….....................................
c whom / telephone / the / was / invented / By / ?
……………………………………………………….....................................
d Statue / whom / From / did / receive / the USA / the / of Liberty?
……………………………………………………….....................................
e memory / whose / built / In / was / Taj Mahal / the / ?
……………………………………………………….....................................
f temperature / which / water / freeze / does / Below / ?
……………………………………………………….....................................
36
Use of English
Practice
Near whose To whose From whom With whose

Over which In which Under which
a To whose
e …………………… help was this project completed?
f …………………… busy street are they planning to build a pedestrian bridge?
Challenge
3 Complete the questions with a preposition + question word. Then answer the questions in your
notebook.
a To whom
g …………………… classes are you most likely to feel happy and relaxed?
37
2.7 Improve your writing

1 Circle the correct words in the first two paragraphs in a letter to the council from
students at Cranbourne School.
To the city planning department:

We are very pleased that / for / by 1 the council has asked us for suggestions for
an / a / some 2 new youth club in our area. Here are our ideas.
Firstly, we have thought for / about / by 3 the location of the club. We think that a
well-designed / good-designed / new-designed 4 building in one of our parks would be
an excellent answer / opening / place 5 for a youth club. In this way we’d be able to
having / had / have 6 a greenhouse and small garden next to / on / in 7 it and be able to
use the park
2 Arrange the sentences of the second paragraph of the letter in the correct order.
Number them 1 to 4.
a [ ] We would also be interested in having facilities for gardening.
b [ ] There are already places where young people can do sport.
c [ 1 ] Secondly, we have thought about which activities we would like to do there.
d [ ] We are therefore particularly interested in activities such as arts and crafts,
drama, music and cooking.
3 Complete the last paragraph with words from the box.
activities appreciate best concert cooking design
equipment flexible garden
design
Finally, we think the …………………… 1
of the building is important. The space
needs to be …………………… so that we can enjoy all the ……………………3
2
that we have mentioned. We would love to have a kitchen so that we could have
……………………4 classes using vegetables grown in the ……………………5. We
think that one of the ……………………6 ways for people to learn teamwork is by
putting on a play or ……………………7. We would therefore ……………………8
having a stage. And we would also like to have ……………………9 for various arts
and crafts.
Challenge
4 Decide which activities you would like to be able to do in a new youth club
and write a letter to the council giving suggestions, with reasons, for the club’s
location, activities and design.
38
2.8 Non-fiction
1 Complete the description of the photo with words from the box.
calm bridge castle crossing feeling leaves

moving pattern people real water winter
aridge
We see a …………………… 1
stretching across water Low res
to the entrance of an old …………………… 2. The trees
have no …………………… 3 so we know it’s
…………………… 4 in a northern country. It’s a
still …………………… 5 day without wind because
the water and trees aren’t …………………… 6 at all.
The trees and their reflection, especially on the left
side are like a …………………… 7. Most of the photo i
s of the …………………… 8 and the bridge and there
are no …………………… 9 in the picture. This gives
the photo a dreamy …………………… 10. It doesn’t
seem like a …………………… 11 place. We can feel the
silence. We try to imagine …………………… 12 the bridge.
We can almost hear what our feet will sound like on the bridge.
2 Underline the sentences in the description which give the writer’s feelings
about the picture.
3 Write three sentences giving your feelings about the picture.
……………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………...
Low res
Challenge
4 Look at the picture and in your notebook write a
description of what you can see. What do you think the
people are looking at? How does this photo make you
feel? Do you like it? Why or why not?
39
3 Our society
3.1 My city
1 Write the missing vowels in these words and phrases then match them to the explanations.
a c a r-fr e e 1 Without motor vehicles:
car-free
………….…………
b w lkw ys 2 An area of a town which is full of energy,
perhaps with music, markets and cafes:
………….…………
c gr n sp c s 3 When vehicles can’t move because there
are too many of them: ………….…………
d l v ly n ghb rh d 4 With a view of a pond, lake or river:
………….…………
e n rr w str ts 5 Parks and gardens are examples of these:
………….…………
f verl k ng th w t r 6 Paths for people to walk on above the
roads: ………….…………
g tr ff c c ng st n 7 It’s hard for two cars to pass each other in
these: ………….…………
Challenge
2 Write one sentence answers about your town.
Low res
a What’s the centre of your town like?
very odern and quie cngsed.
It’s ………………………………………………………
b Which is your favourite green space and why?
………….…………. because ………….…………. .
c Which is your favourite neighbourhood and why?
I like ………….…………. because …….………….…… .
Low res
d Where do you like to go shopping?
I like shopping in ………….…………. because
…….………….…… .
40
3.2 Social studies
3.2 A neighbourhood with a difference

1 Match the words in the box to the definitions.
community spirit neighbourhood gang

social problems violence
a An area of a town or the people who live and work in this

neighbourhood
area: ……………………
b A group of young people, usually young men, who spend time
together and who fight other groups: ……………………
c Physical force which is used to hurt or kill a person, or break
a thing: ……………………
d Difficulties among some groups of people because of the
way society is organised: ……………………
e Friendliness and understanding between local people: ……………………
2 Use words or phrases from Exercise 1 in the sentences.

a neighbourhood full of beautiful big houses.
They live in a wealthy ……………………
b Unemployment, poverty and loneliness are examples of …………………….
c If there were more police on the streets, there would be less …………………….
d When there is a strong ……………………, people help each other more.
e He’s a member of a …………………… and he always carries a knife.

In many large cities, community / violence 1 projects can reduce / transform 2 a neighbourhood and
reduce social problems / rivals 3. Some projects focus on making people feel better about where
they live, for example by allowing people to create / bring 4 gardens. Members / Households 5 which
don’t have their own private garden can overlook / participate 6 in the community garden and grow
their own plants. Some people say that through this they feel a sense / an effort 7 of achievement.
Others say they feel less lonely and stressed and develop trust / spirit 8 in their community.
Challenge
4 In your notebook, write about four problems in your town.
There isn’t enough green space
…………………………………………………………………………………… .
41
3 Our society
3.3 Town or country?

1 Read what people say. Are they talking about the town or the country?
Write T (town) or C (country). Are the comments positive or negative?
Write P (positive) or N (negative).
a There’s a big choice b There’s nothing except c There’s so much crime,

of cafes and estaurants grass and insects! traffic, pollution
to go to. …………T ………… ………… and noise. …………
…………P …………
d There’s so much to do, especially if e You have to travel miles to get to

you like museums and art galleries. the shops. ………… …………
………… …………
2 Put the lines of the dialogue in the correct order. Number them 1 to 6.
a [ ] Well I prefer to be busy inside. I wouldn’t move to the country if you paid me!
b [ ] Are you joking? The country’s got nothing but sheep and trees!
c [ ] But there are loads of trees in the parks in this city. I wouldn’t
want to live in the country because I’d miss all the shops and cafes.
d [ 1 ] I wish I lived in the country.
e [ ] I wouldn’t miss them because I’d be busy outside.
f [ ] Well I like trees. In fact, if I lived in the country, I’d build a treehouse.
3 Complete each sentence with the correct idiom. Write 1 to 4 in the spaces.
a One day I’d like to live in the country. [ 3 ] 1 I have the best of both worlds
on my uncle and aunt’s farm. 2 I live in the middle of nowhere
b My friend has invited me to go to his 3 I really enjoy giving a hand
beach house. But [ ] because it’s a
three-hour drive away. 4 I’m in two minds
c I live in a city but spend the holidays in
the country so I think [ ].
d Our nearest town is 50 kilometres away.
Basically, [ ].
42
Use of English
Prepositions at the end of a clause

Use of English
Relative clauses can end with a preposition, There’s a nice big table which we can sit at.
for example: There was nobody at the desk who I could
Let’s go to the park that we always go to. give the letter to.
There’s a nice big table which we can sit at. Sometimes we can use to + infinitive +
There was nobody at the desk who I could preposition instead of a relative clause:
give the letter to. Who was the person that
you were talking to? There’s a nice big table to sit at.
There was nobody at the desk to give the
Often the relative pronoun is left out: letter to.
Check!
1 Delete the relative pronouns.
a There were some nice flat rocks that we sat on.
b I liked the hotel which we stayed at.
c How did you meet the girl who you were talking about?
2 Change the relative clauses to to + infinitive + preposition.
a Here’s a ball that you can play with.
Here’s a ball to play with
……………………………………………………………………………………………… .
b There was nobody who we could talk to.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c I can’t find a bowl that I can put the fruit in.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Focus
1 Make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.
a didn’t / the café / went / we / like / to / I
I didn’t like the café we went to
………………………………………………………………………………………………… .
b are / lots / places / of / go / to / to / There
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
43
3 Our society
c is / that / Who / you’re / in / the writer / interested / ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
d talk / It’s / thing / difficult / a / about / to /
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
e put / There / my computer / isn’t / on / a table / to
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
Practice
2 Choose the best preposition to complete each sentence.
a I really love the neighbourhood we live e This is just the kind of music I love to
…………………… in . listen …………………… .
b There are several really f There are lots of new plans for
interesting museums we could go the city that people don’t agree
…………………… . …………………… .
c I wasn’t sure which bus stop to get off g He told me about all the places he’d
…………………… . been …………………… .
d You should choose the subject you’re h I think it’s good to know where your
most interested …………………… . food comes …………………… .
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use a superlative adjective in each sentence.
a It’s the ot beautiful park
……………………………………………………… I’ve ever been to.
b ……………………………………………………… I’ve ever been to.
c ……………………………………………………… I’ve ever heard of.
d ……………………………………………………… I’ve ever read about.
4 Complete the sentences with your own ideas, ending them

with to + infinitive + preposition. Low res
a nothing to worry about

There’s ……………………………………………………… .
b There’s ………………………………………………………
c We couldn’t find ……………………………………………………
d You need ………………………………………………………
44
Use of English
Second conditional with unless, I wish … /

If only + past simple
Use of English
• You learned about the second conditional in Unit 2. We use the second conditional in
imaginary situations. We use if + simple past in one clause and would / ’d in the other
clause. The if clause can come first or second: If my parents won loads of money,
we’d move to the city. We’d move to the city if my parents won loads of money.
• We can use unless instead of if not in second conditional sentences: We wouldn’t
move to a small town unless my parents found jobs there. = We wouldn’t move to a
small town if my parents didn’t find jobs there.
• We use I wish / If only + past simple to say that we would like something to be
different now: I wish we didn’t live near a busy road. If only my best friend lived
nearer me. It’s stronger to say If only than to say I wish.
Check!
a If she live / lived in the country, she’d go crazy.
b He’d live in Paris if he can / could.
c I didn’t / wouldn’t move to the country if you paid me!
d If only I have / had an electric bike!
e They wouldn’t / don’t buy a house in the city unless / if only they sold their farm.
f I wish I can / could walk to my school.
Focus
1 Write the verbs in brackets in the simple past tense.
a weren’t
The centre would be nicer if cars …………………… (not be) allowed.
b If only we …………………… (live) near the seaside!
c If you …………………… (not have) a bicycle, how would you get to
school?
d I wish I …………………… (can) find my phone.
e If you …………………… (win) $500, what would you buy?
f He wouldn’t help unless he …………………… (want) to.
45
3 Our society

2 Match the sentences that go together.
We use I wish (+ past tense)
a [5] I wish we had a garden. to talk about something
b [ ] I wish people didn’t drop their rubbish. that cannot or is unlikely to
c [ ] I hope lots of people come to help. happen: I wish you could
come to the party (but I know
d [ ] I wish we had more cycle lanes. you can’t).
e [ ] I hope the plans for cycle lanes go ahead. We use I hope (+ present
f [ ] I wish the buses came on time. tense) to talk about things
that are possible or likely: I
g At the moment, I have to share a room with my hope you can come to the
brother. I wish party (it’s possible you can)
I …………………… (have) my own room. NOT I wish you can come to
h I have to catch the bus to school every day. I wish the party.
I …………………… (live) nearer the school.
i I wish I …………………… (can / come) to the concert, but
I’ll be away on holiday that week. Low res
1 It’s really dangerous cycling in the traffic.

2 The council is planning to build six cycle lanes.
3 The streets around here are full of litter.
4 They always arrive late.
5 We don’t because we live in an apartment block.
6 We’re planning a beach clean on Saturday.
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
a a sailing boat!
I wish I had …………………………….......................……………………………..............
b I wish I had ……………………………………………………………………………………
c I wish I was …………………………………………………………….…….…….………….
d If only I could …………………………………………………………………………………
e If only there was ……………………………………………………….................................
f If I could choose where to live, ……………………………………………………...............
g I wouldn’t ………………………………………unless ………………………………………
46
3.4 Think about it
3.4 You and your community

1 Make phrases by matching words from each column.
a help on a regular [2 ] 1 a difference
b raise money [ ] 2 basis
c help the local [ ] 3 collection
d think about the future [ ] 4 community
e organise a litter [ ] 5 for good causes
f help to protect [ ] 6 of the planet
g do valuable [ ] 7 the environment
h you can make [ ] 8 work
2 Complete with words from Exercise 1.
bais
My mum helps an old couple in our block of flats on a regular …………....……… 1
.
She also does a lot of …………....……… work for charity. . She worries a lot about the
2
…………....………3 of the planet. She says we need to act now to …………....………4

the environment. Last week she organised a …………....………5 collection. My sister
and I sometimes help her to …………....………6 money for good …………....………7.
My mum says it’s important to get involved with the local …………....………8. She
says on your own, you can’t do much but together you can make a …………....………9.
Challenge
3 Answer the questions.
a How could you raise money for a charity? Suggest two more things
you could do.
Make caks and ell them.
……………………………………………………….....................................
……………………………………………………….....................................
……………………………………………………….....................................
b What can you do in your own home to protect the environment?
Suggest two more things.
Turn off lighs when you leave a room.
……………………………………………………….....................................
……………………………………………………….....................................
……………………………………………………….....................................
47
3 Our society
3.5 Focus on Finland

1 Complete the text about Portugal with words from the box.
Population country Wealth energy inhabitants
Healthcare Capital Life expectancy second per capita
FACT
PORTUGAL FILE Low res
Capital
……………………1: Lisbon
……………………2: 10.2 million
……………………3: 82.1 years
……………………4: GDP 23,437 USD
……………………5
……………………6 and education: It is
free for children under the age of 18.
Did You Know?

Finland’s nickname is ‘The Land of the
Midnight Sun’.
It’s famous for the spectacular Northern
Lights (the aurora borealis).
It’s got a snow village, with an ice hotel.

GDP or gross domestic product / problem 1 shows the health of a country’s energy / economy 2.
The value of everything which a country / city 3 produces in a year is added up. A country’s
GDP includes the time / money4 which the government / a city 5 spends. GDP per capita is
the GDP of a country divided by the number of inhabitants / children 6. It shows how well-
educated / rich 7 people are on average. GDP is used all over the world as a way of measuring
a country’s social / economic 8 activity. The USA / Russia 9 has the biggest GDP in the world.
Portugal / Germany 10 has the largest GDP in Europe and Mongolia / China11 has the largest
GDP in Asia.
48
3.6 Talk about it
3.6 Be happy!
1 Some words are missing from these texts. Write one suitable word in each gap.
• Some may be simple words like a or at.
• Contractions, such as couldn’t (= could not), count as one word.
• There are several possibilities for some of the gaps.
My name’s Aran. This year, students …………………… in 1

my class are being given the
…………………… to do activities outside normal classroom ……………………3. We do them at
2
the end ……………………4 the school day. Some activities are ……………………5 do with sport
and exercise. Some ……………………6 creative and some are cultural. This ……………………7,
I’m doing football development, I’m writing ……………………8 stories in my creative writing club
……………………9 I’m learning Spanish.
Hi, I’m Prija. A new course ……………………10 being introduced this term. It’s a ……………………11 in self-
defence and I’m really interested ……………………12 doing it. It starts next week. ……………………13 also
doing a course in origami, ……………………14 is Japanese paper folding. I’m ……………………15 forward to
making unusual objects out ……………………16 paper. There’s also an astronomy club ……………………17
I’m finding really interesting.
I’m David. I’m doing advanced swimming ……………………18 my sports activity

and then for ……………………19 creative activity I’m learning the guitar. Then for my
……………………20 activity I’m doing a course in ……………………21. That might sound
funny but we ……………………22 write very much now because we ……………………23
our computers and phones all the ……………………24 and my handwriting, as my
teachers ……………………25 me, is not very good.
Challenge
2 Write answers to these questions in your notebook.
a Do you think schools should offer a wider choice of subjects and activities?
Why or why not?
b Which three activities or subjects that aren’t on the curriculum would you
like to do at school? Give reasons for each choice.
c Which activities and subjects did you enjoy most five years ago?
d Do you still enjoy them? Why or why not?
49
3 Our society
Verbs, adjectives + preposition, prepositions

followed by the -ing form
Use of English
You learned about -ing forms in Unit 1. Revise the spelling rules for forming them.
• Some verbs are followed by the -ing form: I don’t fancy walking in this rain. She’s
considering working as a volunteer.
• Some verbs are followed by a preposition + the -ing form: We’ve thought about
collecting litter from the beach. I’m looking forward to seeing you.
• Some adjectives are followed by a preposition + the -ing form: Are you interested in
joining our group? I’m tired of waiting.
• The prepositions instead of and without (and some others) can be followed by the
-ing form: We cycled instead of taking the bus. I left without saying goodbye.
Check!
Write the verbs in brackets in the -ing form. Don’t forget the spelling rules!
a Do you fancy …………………… (give) us a few hours a week?
b He has succeeded in …………………… (raise) money for our charity.
c I’m not very good at …………………… (make) cakes.
d Instead of …………………… (get) angry, do something helpful, please.
e He left without …………………… (let) us know.
Focus
1 Circle the correct preposition in each sentence.
a Are you keen in / on / for cooking and baking?
b Are you interested about / in / for raising money for charity?
c You should think on/ for / about helping us.
d We have succeeded in / to / about getting ten new volunteers.
e We would like to thank everyone for / by / on coming.
50
Use of English
Practice
2 Match the sentence halves. Think about meaning
and grammar.
a We look forward to more people 4
b We believe in supporting young people and
c Today, I’m very happy
d People can help us by
e If you’d like to know more, how about
f And of course, don’t forget
1 to announce new funding for the project.
2 donating old used clothes.
3 encouraging them to try new things.
4 joining the charity as volunteers.
5 signing up for our newsletter.
6 to follow us on social media.
Challenge
3 Rewrite the sentences using the -ing form so they mean the
Get it right!
same thing.
a My dream is to have a house by the beach. Remember that we use
an -ing form after these
of having a house by the beach.
I dream ……………………………………………… common phrases:
b ‘Let’s go to the cinema.’ • look forward to: I look
I suggested ………………………………................ forward to seeing you
soon.
c ‘I’ll help. I insist.’
• how / what about …:
I insisted …………………………………................ How about going to
d ‘I’m sorry I got so angry.’ the beach?
I apologised ………………………………............... • think about: We’re
thinking about having
e ‘Congratulations, Ada. You came top.’
a picnic. NOT We’re
I congratulated Ada ……………………….……...... thinking to have a picnic.
f ‘Thank you, Kim. It was nice of you to visit.’ • thank you for: Thank you
I thanked Kim ……………………………................ for offering to help.
51
3 Our society
Present continuous passive

Use of English
We form the present continuous passive with the present continuous of the verb be +
past participle. We often use it when we don't mention who is doing the action.
Positive: Questions
I think I am being watched! Where are we being taught today?
Negative Is your classroom being repainted?
At least, we aren’t being followed!
We use by to say who does the action in passive sentences.
The gardening club is being organised by our biology teacher.
The present continuous passive can be used to talk about things that are being done
now and in the future: The walls are being washed at the moment and tomorrow they’re
being painted.
Check!
a Our classroom is been / being used for chess club.
b We are / do not being offered any courses in music this term.
c My elder brother has / is being taught to drive.
d Where are / is we being took / taken for lunch?
e I’m not / I don’t being helping / helped enough with my maths.
f This room has / is being use / used by Mr Lee.
Focus
1 Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous passive.
are being taught 1 (teach) all sorts of new stuff this term. We ……………………2
We ……………………
(give) extra classes to help us with our personal development. Some amazing things
……………………3 (offer), for example, electric guitar lessons, baking cakes, and lots
of foreign languages. We ……………………4 (not force) to choose what our parents or
teachers suggest. Everyone ……………………5 (leave) completely free to make their own
choice. I’ve chosen to learn Urdu and we ……………………6 (show) some cool films to help
us with pronunciation. I heard your school gym and art studios ……………………9 (rebuild)
this term. So where……………………10(you / take) for PE and art classes this term?
……………………11 (you / offer) all the usual after-school classes?
52
Use of English
2 Choose the correct verb to complete each sentence in the present continuous passive.
ask build not give not use offer plant perform
a is being built
A new art studio …………………… at our school.
b Help yourself! This computer …………………… at the moment.
c Which days …………………… concert ……………………?
d Great! I …………………… guitar lessons by a fantastic teacher.
e Where …………………… the tomatoes ……………………?
f We …………………… enough time to finish our project.
g Our team …………………… to practise every day this week.
Practice
3 Circle the correct verb forms.
A food festival is organised / is being organised 1 on Saturday. Stalls selling different kinds of
food are being set up / are setting up 2. Lots of local restaurants are being taken / are taking 3
part. Some roads are being closed / are closed 4 to traffic for the day and the buildings are
being decorated / are decorating 5 with coloured flags. Everyone is really being looked / is really
looking 6 forward to it – it should be great fun!
Challenge
4 Rewrite the active sentences in the passive, where possible.
a They are taking us on a trip to California.
We’re being taken on a trip to California.
……………………………………………………………
b They are flying us to San Francisco. Get it right!
…………………………………………………………… We use a present
continuous passive form
c Then they’re driving us to Santa Cruz.
to talk about future
…………………………………………………………… plans and arrangements,
d In Santa Cruz, they’re giving us photography classes. not a present simple
passive: Next weekend,
…………………………………………………………… an outdoor concert
e And they’re taking us on trips around California. is being held in my
local park. NOT Next
…………………………………………………………… weekend, an outdoor
f Also they’re teaching us to surf. concert is held in my
local park.
……………………………………………………………
53
3 Our society

1 Match words from the two columns to make phrases.
a improve [6] 1 a community group
b plant [ ] 2 a mural
c collect [ ] 3 litter
d paint [ ] 4 more recycling bins
e set up [ ] 5 trees and flowers
f start [ ] 6 our neighbourhood
2 Circle the correct words to complete the first paragraph of a letter

to a local newspaper.
Dear Sir/Madam,
We’re students / teachers 1 in Grade 8 at Oak High School and we’re writing to your
newspaper to tell you our ideas for paying / volunteering 2 for our community. We’d
be happy to give time on a regular basis / month 3. We are interested in environmental
issues such as increasing / reducing 4 plastic pollution, improving our green spaces,
encouraging people to start / stop 5 using their cars and in generally improving the
look of our neighbourhood / education 6.
3 Complete the next paragraph using six phrases from Exercise 1.

start a counity group 1 so others can join us. For this
Firstly, we’d like to ……………………………
we need a hall where we could meet once a month. One of the most important
things we need to do is to ……………………………2 so that people stop
throwing away plastic bottles. We would also like to ……………………………3
from our local beach. The plastic bags on it are a danger to wildlife. Finally,
we would like to improve our playground. We could ……………………………4
on the ugly grey wall near the bridge and ……………………………5 near the
entrance. We’d need a tap to water them.
Challenge
4 Write a similar letter in your notebook about how your class would like to volunteer in the
neighbourhood. End the letter: We look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully …
54
3.8 Poetry Low res
1 Complete the poem with these four lines.

Write them in the correct gaps.
And the memory made me weep.

And when Franky put on music
I walked through the green front door.
There were oranges on the table
I dreamt I went back to Franky’s house. We danced and talked about school.
……………………1 ……………………3
I walked through the hall bare foot Which were easy to peel and sweet
And felt the smooth tiled floor. And a vase of white spring flowers
The shutters were down as usual Which were hanging their heads in the heat.
To keep the lounge dark and cool. I woke up and knew I’d dreamed it
And wished I was still asleep.
……………………2
I thought about Franky’s house all day
……………………4
2 Describe Franky’s house in your own words using information Low res
you get from the poem only.
…………………………………….……………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………
Challenge
3 Think of a house you knew well in your childhood, your own or
someone else’s. Imagine going through the front door. How do you
feel? Go inside and look around. What do you see, hear and smell?
Go to your favourite part of the house. Who and what do you see?
How old are you? In your notebook, describe everything as though
you were still that age.
Write about 15 sentences. Try to express how you used to feel in that
house. You do not need to write a traditional poem with rhymes.
55
4 Advertising
4.1 Three for the price of two!
1
Across
1 Something that is made in order
2 3
to be sold. (7)
4 5
6 An advertising …… is a planned
group of advertisements 6
with a special purpose. (8)

7 A short easily remembered phrase. (6)
8 An abbreviation for advertisement. (6) 7 8
9 Finding out what customers want

so that information can be used to 9
design and sell products. (9)

10 The …… audience are the people most 10
likely to be interested in buying a
particular product. (6)
11
11 Newspapers and magazines are
examples of this. (5,5)
Down
1 A window that opens quickly on a computer screen in front of the
main window. (3-2)
2 Always buying the same product made by the same company,
and not changing to different products. (5,7)
3 …… advertising uses digital technology and the internet. (10)
4 Celebrity …… is the appearance of a famous person in an
advertisement saying that they like a product. (11)
5 A huge board, often at the side of the road, where advertisements
are shown. (8)
Challenge
2 Think of a well-known advert. In your notebook describe the picture and
words and say what it’s advertising, where you saw it and why you remember it.
What kind of people is it aimed at? Does it succeed? Why or why not?
56
4.2 Media studies
4.2 Three advertisements

1 Complete the definitions a–e with the correct ending 1–5.
Then match it to the correct word or phrase from the box.
logo brand identity permission copyright for commercial purposes
a symbol or design used by a company 1 of a book or painting, for example:

……………………
b ideas that a company wants people 2 someone to do something:
……………………
c in order to 3 to advertise its products:
logo
……………………
d legal agreement allowing 4 to connect with its products:
……………………
e the legal right to control sales 5 make money: ……………………
2 Complete the sentences with a word or phrase from the box in Exercise 1.
a logo
The …………………… of a famous company that makes computers is
an apple.
b A company needs to create a strong …………………… so that people can

immediately recognise their products.
c A card company wants to buy my photo of Carla but I don’t want anyone
using it …………………… . It’s my photo and I don’t need the money.
d You can’t copy a writer, artist or musician’s work without getting

their …………………… because they own the …………………… . Low res
Challenge
3 Write answers about this old advertisement in your notebook.
a What product is it advertising?
b What is the brand?
c What is the logo?
d In which ways is it different from a modern ad?
e Would you buy this product if you saw this ad?
Why or why not?
57
4 Advertising
4.3 The more you look …

1 Complete the text with words from the box.
clues advert detail expect get impressions

logo meant more quite strange wonder
A: advert
What do you think of this …………………… 1
?
B: Well, my first ……………………2 are that it’s quite striking and it’s quite
……………………3. It shows a lollipop on a path next to some grass and
a line of ants.
A: Yes, I agree, you don’t want to look at ants next to a lollipop. But you
……………………4 what it means.
B: Then you look at it in ……………………5. The more you look at it, the
……………………6 you want to know what it means. You see the line of
ants and they’re going round the lollipop.
A: Yes, you’d ……………………7 them to go straight to the lollipop, so you
look for other ……………………8 in the picture.
B: Then you see the very small text under the ……………………9 saying that
the lollipop is sugar free. It’s got no sugar in it.
A: Exactly. Then you ……………………10 it! It’s an ad for sugar-free lollipops.
It’s ……………………11 clever.
B: It’s ……………………12 to show that these lollipops aren’t bad for you
because they don’t have sugar in them.
2 Order the dialogue by numbering the exchanges 1–9.

[ 9 ] Lily: Correct. So the ad is saying ‘This festival is for people just
like this bird. It’s for people who love eating fish!’
[ ] Lily: Me too. I can’t stop looking at the bird.
[ ] Lily: No, it isn’t. You’re right. It’s a bird’s head on a woman’s
body. It’s a really strange image and it’s funny at the same time.
[ 1 ] Lily: What do you think of this old advert from 2010?
[ ] Lily: Read the text and you’ll see.
[ ] Raj: I think it’s a very striking image.
[ ] Raj: The text says ‘You know you love it. Seafood Festival 2010.’
[ ] Raj: Well it’s not exactly a bird, is it?
[ ] Raj: I agree. What’s it advertising anyway?
58
Use of English
Prepositions preceding nouns

Use of English
Phrases with a preposition preceding a at: at half price, at sunset, at dawn

noun are very common: go for a swim, chat Some phrases use different prepositions,
on the phone, read in a magazine, the guy with different meanings: in time / on time;
in sunglasses. in a moment / at the moment; in the end /
There are some common patterns: go for a at the end.
drink, go for a walk; go by car, go by bus; The phrase in time (often used with just)
leave in the afternoon, leave in the evening. implies that if we were late, something bad
And there are exceptions: go on foot, leave would happen. We got to the station just in
at night. time. The train left on time (= at the correct
Sometimes we need to learn phrases with time) just one minute after we got on it.
preposition + noun as fixed expressions The phrase in a moment means very soon,
because there isn’t a pattern. and the phrase at the moment means right
by: by mistake, by accident, by hand, by now: I’ll call you back in a moment because
chance, by oneself I’m busy at the moment.
on: on sale, on purpose, on average, on The phrase at the end refers to a specific
time, on my / your own time or place, while in the end means
for: for example, for your information finally: In the end everything turned out OK
in: in a hurry, in my opinion, in general, in At the end of the film, they sailed away into
the future the sunset
Check!
Circle the correct prepositions.
a In / On my opinion, it’s best to get there with / by train.
b There are some nice cakes in / on offer in / at the moment.
c I left on / in a hurry so I never found out what happens at / in the end of the film.
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.
a for a walk?
Where did you go ……….
b Did they come ………. bus or ………. foot?
c She did this completely ………. her own.
d I’m sorry but I took your pen ………. mistake.
e I met Leila ………. chance ………. the way to the cinema.
f Did you do that ………. purpose or ………. accident?
59
4 Advertising

2 Complete the sentences using in or on.
We read
a The hotel wasn’t like the description ………. something in
the advert. a book, in a
b There were lots of mistakes ………. the report. magazine, in
c Check the weather forecast ………. your phone. an advert: I saw
the advert in a
d Be careful what you post ………. social media. magazine.
e You didn’t mention that ………. your last email. We see something
f I can show you the photos ………. my laptop. on a website, on
the internet, on
3 There is one incorrect preposition in each sentence. social media, on
Find the error and correct it. TV: There’s more
in information on our
a At the start of the advert, you can just see a red car on
the distance. website.
b A young woman is sitting on a bench to a train station

drinking a coffee.
c There are kids playing in a park and there Low res
isn’t a cloud on the sky.
d We see a family at an airport who are clearly
going to holiday.
e A young man is arriving at his girlfriend’s
house to meet her parents at the first time.
f Two researchers are sitting in a desk looking
at data on a computer screen.
Challenge
4 Check the meaning of these phrases.
Write sentences using them in your notebook.
on average on second thoughts for the most part

in general in my opinion on balance
for your information at dawn
We play football twice a week on average.

………………………………………………………………………………………
60
Use of English
The present and past simple passive, past participles

Use of English
We use a past participle to form the present In the first example, the past participle has
simple passive and the past simple passive: a present passive meaning: Logos (which
Logos are used to create brand identity. are) used to create brand identity need to
These ads were filmed in Bali. be memorable.
One use of past participles is in participle In the second example, the past participle
clauses. Participle clauses are similar to has a past passive meaning: These ads
relative clauses but shorter. (which were) filmed in Bali last year are
Participle clauses: Logos used to create very popular.
brand identity need to be memorable. These
ads filmed in Bali last year are very popular.
Check!
Complete the sentences with the past participle of the verb in brackets.
a Meals …………………… (eat) outside are the most delicious.
b This photo …………………… (take) last year shows my sister learning to swim.
c I only read books …………………… (write) in this century!
d Anybody …………………… (see) using their mobile in class will be in trouble.
Focus Get it right!

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb be where
necessary. Remember that
was some verbs are
a The film, which made last year, talks about climate change. often used in a
b The girl who interviewed at the beginning of the film is my cousin. passive form,
for example, be
c Kimonos, which worn in Japan on special occasions, are called, be named,
sometimes made of silk. be held, be
d The jewels which stolen from the museum were found last week. made of.
Some verbs are
e Paella, which eaten in Spain, is made with rice, chicken and usually used in an
seafood. active form, for
f I’d like to visit the island that shown in that advert. example, enjoy,
start, begin, cost.
g In football, anyone who shown a red card has to leave the match.
61
4 Advertising
Practice
2 Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.
a The large adverts you see by the side of the road called / are called hoardings.
b You often have to sit through 30 minutes of ads before a film starts / is started.
c A promotional event for the new film held / was held at the museum.
d Many people choose a product based on what it costs / is cost.
e The shop located / is located near the entrance to the mall.
3 Complete the text with the verbs in brackets. Choose between active or passive form, and present
or past simple tense.
was filed
The new advert …………………… 1
(film) at the Taj Mahal, Low res
which …………………… (locate) in Agra, in India. It is a
2
magnificent palace which ……………………3 (build) in the

seventeenth century. The Taj Mahal ……………………4
(name) a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 and it
……………………5 (attract) around 8 million visitors a
year, so the film crew ……………………6 (allow) access to
the site before it opened for the day. The start of filming
……………………7 (delay) by a couple of days due to
bad weather. But eventually, on the third day, filming
……………………8 (start) just after sunrise. The building
……………………9 (make) entirely of white marble and
……………………10 (say) to be one of the Seven Wonders
of the World. It looks amazing in the early morning light and
creates the perfect backdrop for the ad.
Challenge
4 In your notebook, join the two sentences using a participial clause.
a A swimming pool was seen in the advert. It’s the one I always go to.
The wimming pool sen in the advert is the one I always go to.
b A lot of videos are watched online. They carry annoying adverts.
c People were hurt in the accident. They are all better now.
d These stories are written by children. They’re going to be published.
62
4.4 Think about it
4.4 The psychology of shopping

Supermarket shoppers have different styles of buying / shopping 1. Some write a list of the
information / essentials2 that they need, go straight to the checkouts / aisles 3 where they
know they will find them, put them in their trolley then go to the aisle / checkout 4 to pay
before heading straight home. Others go up and down all the aisles looking at everything,
selecting / buying5 any interesting new products that catch their eye and making no effort to
resist / select6 things which they don’t need. And they don’t mind if all their fruit and veg
gets squashed / weighed7 at the bottom of their trolley. If they see a tempting / convenient 8
two-for-one offer or notice a freshly baked / freshness9 cream cake at the section / on display10,
or nuts or sweets at select / eye11 level, they decide they deserve a treat / health12 and add it to
their trolley.
2 Complete the phrases with the correct preposition.

a at
A lot of people do their weekly shopping …………………… the end of
the week.
b If you want to do something fast, you are …………………… a hurry.
c Some people do their shopping …………………… their way home.
d It’s best to put heavy things …………………… the bottom of the trolley.
e There are often sweets …………………… display near the checkouts.
f People can find the bakery …………………… the back of the

supermarket if they follow their nose!
3 Answer with words related to supermarket shopping

a entrance
Where do you enter a supermarket? At the ……………………
Low res
b Where do you pay in a supermarket? At the ……………………
c Where you get bread and cakes? In the …………………… section.
d Where do you buy milk, cream and butter?

In the …………………… section
e Where would you find a product for cleaning the floor? In the
…………………… and …………………… section
63
4 Advertising
4.5 The creation of a brand

1 Complete the text with the phrases. Write a–h.
a manufacture a great product e help of marketing campaigns
b adventurous and free f to your brand’s identity
c going into business g more successful people
d can recognize h they already know
Did you know that 59% of people prefer to buy a new product from a brand ……… h 1? So it
isn’t enough for a company to ………2. The product won’t sell unless consumers recognize
and like the brand. That’s why the most successful companies spend a great deal of
time and money developing their brand identity with the ………3. A successful marketing
campaign makes it easy for consumers to differentiate between that product and its
competitors. A marketing campaign for a brand of jeans aimed at teenagers might show
people who are young, ………4. But a marketing campaign for a luxury brand of jeans will
project an entirely different image and show the product worn by older ………5. So if you’re
thinking of ………6 and manufacturing something, don’t forget to pay attention ………7. You’ll
also need a memorable logo. If you’re lucky, you may end up with a global brand which
children all over the world as young as five ………8!
Study tip
When reading, try to guess the meaning of new words from context. Sometimes a
related word can give a clue: different / differentiate.
2 Find words and phrases underlined in the text above with these meanings.
a deliberately show qualities that you want people to notice and believe in:
project an image
……………………
b a brand of products that only rich people can afford: ……………………
c a lot of: ……………………
d a brand which is known all over the world: ……………………
e easy to remember: ……………………
f other companies who are competing to sell their product: ……………………
g people who buy things to use: ……………………
h see the difference: ……………………
64
4.6 Talk about it
4.6 For sale

1 Complete the dialogue with phrases a–g.
a The same! I think the value has stayed the same.

b Fifty pounds, I think. It’s a very well-known brand.
c I tell you what. If you’re that keen, I’ll swap it for your bike.
d Of course they do. I bought this one second-hand three years ago.
e Yes. And I have to give the ad to Mr Roberts tomorrow morning.
f Sorry, I can’t do that. I need to get some money from it to help me pay for the new one.
g Because I want to sell it. I’m buying a new one.
Siraj: Why are you taking a photo of your skateboard?

Josh: Because I want to sell it. I’m buying a new one.
……………………………………………………………………………… 1
Siraj: Are you going to advertise it on the school noticeboard?

Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………2
Siraj: Why don’t you just let me have that skateboard?
Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………3
Siraj: Are you sure people buy second-hand skateboards?
Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………4
Siraj: So how much are you going to ask for it?
Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………5
Siraj: And how much did you pay for it?
Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………6
Siraj: I wish I could afford it.
Josh: ………………………………………………………………………………7
Siraj: No way! My bike is brand new and it’s worth $150.
low res
Challenge
2 Change the underlined words and write similar ads in your notebooks.
a Hand-made wooden chess set – my own design. Don’t be like everyone
else! Buy something ultra-stylish for your room!
b Brand new, battery-operated fan. Perfect for this hot weather. Unwanted
gift. Still in box.
c Solar-powered torch. Hardly used. Ideal for camping.
65
4 Advertising
Low res
Reflexive pronouns
Use of English
The reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, herself,
himself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves.
We use them with verbs when the object is the same
person as the subject:
You must help yourself to tea or coffee.
We also use reflexive pronouns to emphasise the
subject or object:
It’s your problem so you can deal with it yourself.
There’s a difference between reflexive pronouns and the reciprocal pronoun each other:
They both looked at themselves in the mirror at the same time. They looked at each
other and smiled.
Check!
Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns.
a I hope you all enjoy …………………… and have a great time!
b Don’t worry about us. We can look after …………………… .
c She burned …………………… really badly when she was cooking.
Focus
1 Circle the correct pronouns.
a Did he do it him / himself ?
b I’m looking for a pharmacy. Can you help me / myself ?
c Dave, maybe you can fix your bike you / yourself.
d Here’s a plate. Just help you / yourselves to fruit salad.
e She tired her / herself out by doing too much.
f Take your sunglasses with you / yourself.
g We should all be proud of us / ourselves after that match.
Practice
2 Complete the sentences with a reflexive pronoun. Add by or for where needed.
a by myself
I needed to think, so I went for a walk on the beach …………………… .
66
Use of English
b We have to learn to think …………………… . We can’t always

Get it right!
ask our parents.
Remember:
c I’m not giving an opinion. You can judge ……………………
You can say you
when you see it.
did something
d My sister’s brilliant at sewing. She made her wedding dress yourself to show
…………………… . that you did it,
not anyone else:
e I was really impressed – he made this huge meal all I made the cakes
…………………… . myself – I didn’t
buy them from a
f I’m saving up to buy …………………… a new bike. shop.
You can say you
did something
Challenge by yourself or
3 Are these sentences correct? Tick ✓ the correct sentences. all by yourself to
Correct the incorrect ones, adding each other, a reflexive pronoun emphasise that
or a preposition. you didn’t have
ourselves any help: I didn’t
a We had a great time at the beach – we all really enjoyed . cook the whole
meal by myself –
b Playing sport with your friends is a great way to relax. Amy helped me.
You can say you
c Alex is working too hard and isn’t taking care himself. do something
for yourself to
show that you do
d My sister and I looked each other and started laughing. it independently:
I can’t tell you
e Practise your presentation so you feel confident about it. what to do – you
have to decide
for yourself.
f I’ll tell you about it when we see at the weekend.
g At the start of term, everyone introduced to the class.
4 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

I feel quite proud of myself …………………………………………
………………………………………………………… all by myself.
My friend and I ………………………………………………………
each other …………………………………………...……………… .
I once hurt myself …………………………………………………… .
67
4 Advertising
Compound adjectives
Use of English
You can use two words together to make a compound adjective.
Most compound adjectives have a hyphen (-) between the words.
It’s a well-known brand.
The main actor in the ad is a well-behaved cat!
Check!
Complete the rules using the words in the box.
adjective adverb noun noun participle past

Low res
These are some ways of forming compound adjectives:
a with an adjective + ……………………, for example, top-quality
b with an …………………… + present participle, for example, nice-looking
c with an adjective + …………………… participle, for example, rose-tinted
d with an …………………… + past participle, for example, easily recognised
e with a …………………… + past participle, for example, handmade
f with a noun + present ……………………, for example, award-winning
Focus
1 Choose the correct word from the box to make a compound adjective.
Add hyphens where necessary. Then write the full adjective.
baked coloured confident wide handed going
a eay-going
easy …………………… d right ……………………
b multi …………………… e self ……………………
c freshly …………………… f world ……………………
2 Complete each sentence with a compound adjective from Exercise 1.

a eay-going
She’s never worried and always relaxed. She’s very …………………… .
b He’s more …………………… since changing schools and making new friends.
c He’s …………………… but he sometimes uses his left hand in tennis matches.
d I bought a …………………… beach towel for my summer holidays.
e We saw some …………………… cakes in the bakers near the library. They looked delicious!
f There was a …………………… advertising campaign to promote the fruit smoothie.
68
Use of English
Practice
3 Circle the correct form to complete the sentences.
a The campaign uses old-fashion / old-fashioned posters with Get it right!
up-to-date messages.
In compound
b The film is the heart-break / heart-breaking story of a family adjectives
separated by war. containing
c It’s a family-run / family-running shop selling jewellery. numbers, the
d The hotel is a modern three-storey / three-storeys building noun stays in
surrounded by gardens. the singular: a
two-week holiday,
e Adverts are always set in beautiful locations with incredibly
a 5-star hotel
good-look / good-looking people.
f The magazine shows photos of a luxury two-bedrooms /
two-bedroom apartment.
Challenge
4 Rewrite the sentences, replacing the underlined words with a compound adjective.
a They made a video about the product that lasts for three minutes.
They made a three-minue ideo about the product.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
b The event was sponsored by a brand of chocolate that people know well.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c The model was wearing trousers and a top with long sleeves.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
d The company are advertising for people to join their sales team who will work hard.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
e Tom’s going on a skiing course in the Alps for two weeks.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
f There was a queue for the computers at the desk where you check in at the airport
that lasted for 9 hours.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 Write sentences in your notebook using these compound adjectives.
heart-shaped twenty-page long-haired

freshly-squeezed coffee-flavoured half-hearted
My favouie is the heart-haped chocolae.

………………………………………………………………………………………
69
4 Advertising

1 Complete the advertisement with words from the box.
Add capital letters where necessary.
amazing best enjoy forget go love most plan we you
Go 1 wild at Wild Palace Adventure Park! ……………………2 the fastest rides,

……………………
the highest drops, the longest loops and the ……………………3 exciting experiences.
……………………4 guarantee you will ……………………5 Supertwirl the carousel which
spins you at top speed. You will never ……………………6 Skyview, the rollercoaster
that turns ……………………7 and your world upside down. And you will remember our
Wild Water Ride forever. With over 50 ……………………8 rides, fabulous food and
the ……………………9 prices, we know you’ll have a THRILLING day out! Go wild this
week at Wild Palace Adventure Park! Buy your tickets and ……………………10 your Low res
day NOW at wildpalace4ever.com
2 Find examples in the advertisement in Exercise 1 of:

a Go wild at Wild Palace Adventure Park!
a short message that’s repeated: ………………………………………………
Go wild this week at Wild Palace Adventure Park!
…………………………………………………………………………………
b alliteration: longest loops, ……………………………………………………
c imperatives: Go wild, …………………………………………………………
d superlatives: the fastest rides, …………………………………………………
e promises: you will remember our Wild Water Ride forever, …………………
f emotive words: exciting experiences, …………………………………………
Challenge
3 Write an advertisement for a hot air balloon ride.
Use the ideas below and the advertisement in Exercise 1
to help you. Use some of the persuasive techniques
from the list in Exercise 2. low res
• One-hour flight • Amazing views from the sky
• Up to 8 passengers • Beautiful countryside
• Height of 150 to 300 metres • Silent / peaceful / quiet /
• Take off at sunset / sunrise memorable
70
4.8 Fiction
1 Complete the passage with words from the box.
electric drink everyone herself invited nothing snacks thanking wash
dink
Latifa was thirsty. She wanted a fresh fruit …………………… 1
. There was no fruit
in the house and she had no money. She called her friends and ……………………2
them to a ‘smoothie’ party. She told ……………………3 to bring fruit and a snack.
When they arrived, she asked Nadia to ……………………4 the fruit, Mei Lee to get the
glasses ready, and Anna to whizz the fruit in the ……………………5 blender. Everyone
did a job. Finally, Latifa served the smoothies and the ……………………6. When the
friends left after doing the washing up, they thanked Latifa for the lovely party. There
was a lot of fruit left and Latifa made ……………………7 another smoothie which she
drank, thinking how clever she was. ‘I bought ……………………8,’ she said to herself,
‘And I did no work. And all my friends are ……………………9 to me!’
2 Put the dialogue in the correct order. Number it 1–7.

[ ] Nadia: Good idea! Latifa won’t mind if you copy her.
[ 1 ] Nadia: That was such fun!
[ ] Nadia: Which smoothie did you like best?
[ ] Nadia: Yes, that was my favourite too. I liked the mint flavour.
[ ] Suzy: I loved the peach and apple one with mint leaves.
[ ] Suzy: I’m going to have a smoothie party next week.
[ ] Suzy: I agree, it was brilliant.
Challenge
3 Write a dialogue between Latifa and her brother. She tells him what she did.
Start like this:
I inied my fends to a moothie party this moning.
Latifa: ………………………………………………………………………………
71
5 Natural resources
5.1 A natural paradise
eco-friendly geothermal hydro-electric neutral

population power renewable volcanoes
population 1 Low res

Costa Rica is a small country in Central America with a …………………
of just over 5 million. It’s well-known for its use of natural resources
and its …………………2 policies. It’s aiming to be the world’s first
carbon-…………………3 country and to have zero carbon emissions by
2050. Most of Costa Rica’s energy already comes from …………………4
sources, mainly hydro …………………5. It is a very mountainous country
and has a lot of rain which means plenty of water for …………………6
power stations. There are also active …………………7, which produce
heat under the ground that can be used for …………………8 power.
2 Match the words to the definitions.
tropical paradise rainforest sea level

biodiverse natural resource zero carbon emissions
a zero carbon emisions

no carbon dioxide is released because clean energy is used: ………………………
b beautiful place in the areas near the tropics: ……………………
c forest in an area that receives a lot of rain: ……………………
d useful material which isn’t manufactured, such as wood or water: ……………………
e having many different types of animals and plants: ……………………
f the height of the sea where it meets the land: ……………………
Challenge
3 Answer these questions in your notebook.
What are the main energy sources of your country? What were they 30 years ago?
72
5.2 Science
5.2 Generating energy

1 Find the phrase in the box which describes each of the following.
fossil fuels uranium and plutonium chemical reaction

radioactive waste carbon dioxide
a uranium and plutonium

examples of nuclear fuels: …………………………
b a change in which new substances are produced (for example,
hydrogen + oxygen à water): ……………………
s
c he gas that is produced when we breathe out: ……………………
d material which is no longer needed and which contains a dangerous
form of energy: ……………………
e non-renewable sources of energy, such as coal and oil: ……………………

Across 1
2 Uranium is a …… material. (11) 2
6 …… are a source of water power in the

sea. (5) 3 4 5
6
8 Allow a substance to flow out. (7)
9 Uranium and plutonium are …… fuels. (7)
7 8
11 Diesel is a type of …… (4)

12 …… energy is energy from the sun. (5) 9 10
Down
1 We breathe out carbon …… (7)
2 The sun and the wind provide …… 11 12
energy. (9)
3 A wall built across a river to stop its flow. (3)
4 Type of fuel used in cars. (6)
5 A machine that produces electrical power. (9)
7 Moving air that is a source of clean energy. (4)
10 Black substance from the earth that can be burned. (4)
73
5 Natural resources
5.3 Test your eco-awareness!

1 Complete the compound adjectives in these sentences.
a A person who is eco-…………………… thinks about the environment and
the future of the planet.
b This washing powder is ……………………-friendly. It is not bad for
the environment.
c This car uses very little fuel. It’s very ……………………-efficient.
d This charger is powered by the sun. It is ……………………-powered.
2 Put the dialogue in order. Number the exchanges 1–11.

[ ] Rafa: Firstly, I’d like my parents to get rid of their car. We don’t need one.
[ 1 ] Rafa: I wish my family was more eco-aware.
[ ] Rafa: Because we could use public transport and cycle.
[ ] Rafa: But there’s room for improvement.
[ ] Rafa: Well, yes, we all care about the planet but ….
[ ] Rafa: Yes, that would be an improvement. They’re less polluting than petrol cars.
[ ] Vicki: Why don’t you need one? Most people have a car.
[ ] Vicki: But what?
[ ] Vicki: How could you improve?
[ ] Vicki: That’s true but cars are convenient. So maybe they could get an electric car.
[ ] Vicki: What do you mean? Doesn’t your family care about the environment?
Low res
74
Use of English
Complex noun phrases

Use of English
Premodifiers
Before a noun, we can use:
• Determiners: the, a / an, this, some, any, every. Some cars are more polluting
than others.
• Quantifiers: a lot of, most of, plenty of, one of. A lot of people would like public
transport to be cheaper.
• Numbers: About five million people live in Costa Rica.
• Adjectives: a beautiful, mountainous region
We can combine determiners, quantifiers, numbers and adjectives:
One of the richest regions of Brazil is Minas Gerais.
Order of adjectives
When we use more than one adjective before a noun, we put them in a particular order.
1 opinion, 2 size, 3 age, 4 shape, 5 colour, 6 origin, 7 material
An ugly old grey concrete building. A fabulous long blue Japanese silk kimono.
Check!
Write what types of adjectives are being used.
opinion
Some horrible (……………………) old (……………………) brown (……………………)
plastic (……………………) sandals.
Focus
1 Write the words in the correct order.
a amazing / American / car / Did / old / see / that / you / ?
Did you see that amazing old American car?
……………………………………………………………………..
b a / African / and red / beautiful / bird / bright blue / It’s / .
……………………………………………………………………..
c All / be / bricks / dirty / moved / need / old / red / those / to / .
……………………………………………………………………..
d an / circular / enormous / here / near / old / stone / temple / It’s / .
……………………………………………………………………..
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5 Natural resources
Practice
2 Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. Get it right!
If both are possible, circle both.
When we use most before a plural
a In a few years’ time, I think most of / most
noun, it means the majority.
buses and vans will be electric powered.
Most people use the internet.
b Unfortunately, most of the / most things
Before a pronoun, a possessive or
we buy at the supermarket still have plastic
the, we use most of.
packaging.
Most of us use social media.
c Solar power is one of the simplest source /
Most of my friends have mobiles.
sources of clean energy to use in remote
areas. Most of the students in my class
have laptops.
d Nowadays, most of / most us learn about
We use one of with plural nouns.
climate change.
Maria is one of my best friends.
e One of the things / One of thing we can do
NOT: Maria is one of my best friend.
as individuals to reduce pollution is to drive
less.
f Most of the / Most houses in the village have solar panels on the roof for
heating water.
Challenge
3 Rewrite the sentences starting with the words and phrases given.
a Several beaches were ideal for surfing.
of the beaches were ideal for surfing.
Some …………………………………………………………………………
b All the birds I saw in the rainforest were absolutely beautiful.
Every one ……………………………………………………………………
c Fifteen per cent of the power comes from geothermal sources.
Some of ………………………………………………………………………
d We visited two volcanoes but they weren’t active.
Neither ………………………………………………………………………
e No tourists on the trip were disappointed.
None …………………………………………………………………………
76
Use of English
Future passive
Use of English
We form the future passive with will / won’t + be + past participle:
We will be taken on a tour of the rainforest.
The solar panels won’t be installed until next week.
Which day will they be installed?
We use the future passive to make statements and give predictions about the future.
Check!
Which tense of the passive is the verb in each sentence?
Low res
a Some coffee is harvested in October. ……………………
b This tree was grown from a seed. ……………………
c Rainforests are being destroyed. ……………………
d When will the cherries be picked? ……………………
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in the future passive.
not allow build not produce meet find encourage
a will be encouraged
Builders …………………………………………to fit houses with
solar panels.
b From next year car drivers ………………………………………… enter

the city centre.
c Cures ………………………………………… soon for most diseases.
d You ………………………………………… at the airport by your guide.
e We hope more wind turbines ………………………………………… in

this area soon.
f From next year plastic bottles ………………………………………… at

this factory.
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5 Natural resources
Practice
2 Complete the text using the future active or passive of the verb in brackets.
will be held
Our next beach cleaning event …………………… 1
(hold) Get it right!
on Saturday 5 May. Volunteers …………………… 2
We use a future passive
(meet) up at the beach at nine in the morning. form when the person
Gloves ……………………3 (provide) and everyone doing the action is not
mentioned:
……………………4 (receive) a bag to collect rubbish in. The recycled paper will be
People ……………………5 (divide) into teams and each used to make boxes.
You’ll be shown how to
team ……………………6 (pick up) the rubbish from a
use the equipment.
different section of the beach. They ……………………7 We use an active form
(spend) a couple of hours collecting anything they find. At when we say who will do
the action:
the end of the morning, all the rubbish ……………………8
The lab technician will
(put) in one pile and then it ……………………9 (sort) show you how to use the
for recycling. equipment.
Challenge
3 Complete the predictions and write two of your own, using the future
passive with will or won’t.
In 200 years’ time …
a … people will consider forests very unusual.
Forests will be considered unusual.
…………………………………………………………………………………
b … seawater will cover half the land.
…………………………………………………………………………………
c … people will farm the oceans extensively.
…………………………………………………………………………………
d … people will build cities under water or on mountains.
…………………………………………………………………………………
e … people will not use cars as transport.
…………………………………………………………………………………
f …………………………………………………………………………………
g …………………………………………………………………………………
78
5.4 Talk about it
5.4 Water for life

1 Put the letters in the correct order to complete the sentences.
a well
A …………………… (lewl) is a hole in the ground Low res
from which you can get water.
b It hasn’t rained for a year. There’s a

…………………… (gurthdo).
c The water in this lake isn’t salty. It’s

…………………… ……………………
(hersf ratew).
d Farmers use the river for …………………… (gatririnio)

of their crops.
e The highest annual …………………… (lafrinal) in the world is in

Meghalaya, India, with almost 13.5 metres of rain a year.
f …………………… …………………… (idealistanon tplans) are used to

convert sea water into drinking water.
g A …………………… (argelic) is a large mass of ice that moves slowly

down a mountain.
h …………………… (erticlugaru) is another word for farming.
2 Choose the correct word.
Water is average / essential 1 for life. It’s needed for the irrigation / agriculture 2
of crops, for tourism and for industry, as well as for personal use in households.
But the environment / population 3 of the world is growing and the amount of
fresh water / sea 4 water is finite. In some areas of the world decreasing rainfall /
sea levels 5 and rising temperatures are causing wells / droughts 6. So we have
to ask ourselves / us 7 how much water we really need. People in high income /
southern 8 countries use more water than in low income / northern 9 countries.
In high income countries, water comes into houses in pipes, and is used for
dishwashers, washing machines / cotton clothes 10 and showers. Some houses
even have swimming pools, which can use up a huge amount / litres 11 of water.
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5 Natural resources
5.5 The lungs of the Earth

1 Match the sentence beginnings to the endings.
a Tropical rainforests cover [ 6 ] 1 food and shelter for the many
animals that live there.
b The Amazon in South America
is [ ] 2 come from tropical forest plants.
c Tropical rainforests are home 3 over 30 million types of plants
to [ ] and animals.
d The plants provide [ ] 4 the largest tropical rainforest in
the world.
e More than 25% of our modern
medicines [ ] 5 yet to be discovered.
f And there are many more 6 about 8% of the world’s land
medicines [ ] surface.
2 Use the words from the box to complete the text.
carbon dioxide glucose leaves oxygen

photosynthesis release roots sunlight
Photosynthesis
…………………….........1
is the process by which plants make their food. This
is how it works. Plants get energy from …………………….........2. They take in
…………………….........3 from the air through their …………………….........4 and they
take up water from the ground through their …………………….........5. The plants use
the energy to turn the water and the carbon dioxide into …………………….........6.
As part of this process, the plants also release …………………….........7 into the air.
Photosynthesis does not take place in the dark. At night plants take in oxygen and
…………………….........8 carbon dioxide.
Low res
80
5.6 Talk about it
5.6 Looking back, looking forward

change cheap cut diesel globally
increased increasing quality renewable
quality
To improve air …………………… 1
and slow climate ……………………2
we need governments to act fast. If governments reduced air travel by
……………………3 tax on it, flying would become too expensive for most
people. And if they banned all petrol and ……………………4 vehicles and
invested in ……………………5 energy sources such as wind and solar power,
we could ……………………6 our carbon emissions. This has to be done
……………………7 not by just one country. It wouldn’t be fair if one country
……………………8 the cost of air travel by taxing it while other countries
continued to offer ……………………9 air travel.
2 Match the sentence beginnings to the endings. Write the correct number in each box.
a Governments sometimes say they can’t 1 people would lose their jobs and the
do much about air pollution [ 3 ] economy would suffer.
b And they say that if they banned 2 and we need to do something about it
flights, [ ] right now.
c But when we had the Coronavirus 3 because banning vehicles from cities is
pandemic [ ] not possible.
d When they really have to do 4 governments find the strength and
something, [ ] money to do it.
e I think that we are in the middle of a 5 most flights were stopped and people
climate crisis [ ] couldn’t fly anywhere.
Challenge
3 What is the most serious environmental problem in your country?
What is being done about it? What else could be done?
81
5 Natural resources
Connectives
Use of English
We use connectives to join clauses. The and so are less formal than in order to and
connectives whereas, while and although so that. We use so that not in order to when
show contrast. The connectives whereas one person does something so that another
and while have the same meaning. The person does something else. We often use
south of Morocco is very dry, while the north so that when the purpose is negative, or with
has more rain. The south of Morocco is very can, could. We grow our own vegetables
dry, whereas the north has more rain. We to save money. We need to work together
continue to cut down rainforests, although in order to reduce global pollution. Use a
we know they help stabilize climate. timer in the shower so you don’t use too
The connectives to / in order to and so / much water. The government have passed
so that show purpose. The connectives to laws so that people do not waste water.
Check!
Circle the correct connective.
a They have started building a desalination plant whereas / although there’s plenty of
fresh water.
b Hydroelectric power is reliable and is generated at all times while / although solar
power isn’t generated at night.
c Be quiet in the forest so that / in order to wildlife is not disturbed.
Focus
1 Complete the sentences by inserting the connective in (brackets) in the correct place.
so
a Please arrive early we can start the class on time. (so)
b The government is improving public transport reduce private car

ownership. (in order to)
c Wind turbines provide clean energy some people complain about their
appearance. (although)
d Petrol cars can do about 650 kilometres without refuelling electric cars
can only do 160 kilometres. (whereas)
e Take your laptop you can work on your project while you’re away. (so that)
82
Use of English

2 Are these sentences correct? Tick ✓ the correct sentences and
correct the ones that contain errors. We often talk about
the purpose of
a Wildlife reserves are created for providing something using an
to proide endangered animals somewhere to live safely.
infinitive:
We buy reusable
b We need to protect the countryside so that people in the
bottles to reduce
future can enjoy it. waste packaging.
c Although we know a lot about life on Earth, but there are NOT We buy
probably still creatures that haven’t been discovered. reusable bottles
for reducing waste
d They installed lights that come on when someone enters packaging.
the room for reducing electricity use.
In more formal
e Switch off your laptop when you’re not using it in order writing, we
to conserve energy. sometimes use in
order to + verb to
talk about purpose:
Challenge Countries are using
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas about green issues. renewable energy
in order to reduce
a My family is fairly eco-aware although …………………….. carbon emissions.
…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………… to save water.

b We need to …………………………………………… so that
………………………………………………………………………………….
c Some people are environmentally aware while ………………..……………

…………………………………………………………………….……………
d People are being asked to ………………………………………. in order to

…………………………………………………………………….……………
Low res
83
5 Natural resources
Past modals
Use of English
We use should have / shouldn’t have + past participle to express criticism or regret:
I should have charged my phone before I came out.
You shouldn’t have left the lights on.
We can also use ought to have / oughtn’t to have + past participle. It means the same
thing but it’s more formal than should have / shouldn’t have.
They ought to have switched to renewable energy years ago.
We oughtn’t to have carried on using fossil fuels to generate electricity.
Check!
a It might rain so we should take / have taken an umbrella when we go out.
b We got really wet – we should take / have taken our raincoats.
c You shouldn’t stay up / have stayed up so late last night.
d We all should take / have taken notes during our next meeting.
Focus
1 Write the words in the correct order.
a Costa Rica / have / in / Lake Arenal / should / visited / We / we / were /
when / .
We should have isited Lake Arenal when we were in Costa Rica.
b have / ought / protected / rainforests / the / to / We / world’s / .
c about / change / climate / done / government / have / ought to / something /

sooner / The / .
d have / laptop on / left / out / shouldn’t / we / went / when / You / your / .
e energy / have / invest in / so long / renewable / shouldn’t / to / waited /

We / .
Low res
84
Use of English
Practice
2 The manager asked Andrei to leave because he didn’t follow the rules.
Read the rules and complete the manager’s words.
Blue Lagoon Camping Rules
a Fill in a form at reception. d Leave the showers clean and tidy.

b Do not light fires. e Do not waste water.
c Do not play loud music. f Put your rubbish in the bins.
a You should have filled in a form at reception

b
c
d
e
f
Challenge
3 Write pairs of sentences with should have and shouldn’t have in response
to these statements.
a ‘I was very thirsty on the walk. I drank water from a dirty stream.’
You should have taken a bottle of water with you.
You shouldn’t have drunk water from the stream.
b ‘We woke up late and missed the train.’
c ‘I visited my cousins and I gave them all my cold.’
d ‘There wasn’t a bin so I left a plastic bottle on the beach.’
85
5 Natural resources Low res

1 Read the essay by Alberto on his region’s natural resources.
Find the following:
a a 4-word visual description of the region: A coffee plantation in Minas
It’s a beautiful place
……………………………………………..…………………… Gerais, the largest coffee-
growing state in Brazil
b a short summary of the geography and resources:
……………………………………………..……………………
c two agricultural products: …………………………………….
d five natural resources: …………………………………………
e an educational resource of the region:
……………………………………………..……………………
I live in Minas Gerais, one of the states of Brazil. It’s a beautiful

place with a mixture of flat agricultural land and mountains full of
minerals.
Brazil is famous for coffee and much of it comes from here. We also
produce a lot of milk, so all the ingredients in your cappuccino may
come from Minas Gerais!
Our state takes its name from the many mines here. Three centuries
ago, gold was discovered and it is still being mined today. Some of the
other valuable minerals we produce are topaz, sapphire and diamond.
Our most important resource is iron: some of our mountains are
almost entirely made of iron ore. The university School of Mines is
one of the most famous in the world. It gives special attention to the
effect of mining on the environment and to achieving sustainable
economic development.
Alberto
Challenge
2 In your notebook, write a similar essay on the natural resources of your region or
a region you are interested in.
86
5.8 Speeches
1 Circle the correct words in this part of a speech on road safety.
Why aren’t roads bigger / safer 1 ? Every year there are around / more 2
1.35 million deaths worldwide caused by / from 3 traffic accidents. That means
that every day of next year an amount / average 4 of 3,287 people will be killed
on roads. And 20 or / to 5 50 million more people will be injured or disabled.
Over 400,000 of the people who die / fall 6 in road traffic accidents will be aged
under 25. Road traffic accidents are the bigger / main 7 cause of death in the age
group 15–29 and the second / top 8 biggest cause of death in the age group 5–14.
2 Choose the correct sentence endings for the next part of the speech. Write a–f.
f 1. Some countries have managed to reduce

Road traffic accidents can be ………
the number of crashes ………2. Some of the most important actions have been
making laws about speed limits, seat-belts and helmets, ………3. Although
these actions have helped reduce accidents, ………4. Vehicles should always
have visible lights ………5. But above all, public transport should be improved
in order to ………6.
a and drinking and driving d even in the daytime
b more needs to be done e reduce private traffic on the
c by taking action roads
f prevented, however
3 Use your own ideas to finish the last sentences of the speech.
a take action
We want governments to ………………………………………… .
b We want governments to …………………………………………
c So let’s protect …………………………………………
d And reduce ………………………………………… in order to
…………………………………………
Challenge
4 In your notebook, write a speech about why it would be a good idea to encourage
cycling in cities. Include ideas about cycling to school.
87
6 Natural wonders
6.1 Highest, longest, deepest
1 Use the clues and the muddled letters to complete the sentences. Add the and
capital letters where necessary.
a Th Sahara
…………………… Afriaa
(harasa) is the biggest desert in …………………… (carifa).
b …………………… (nicah) is the second biggest country in …………………… (saia).
c If you sail from Tunisia in North Africa to Italy, you cross ……………………
(arerometamdem ase).
d …………………… (tonm clanb) is the highest mountain in …………………… (spal).
e …………………… (keal nav) is the biggest lake in …………………… (yetkur).
f The capital of the …………………… (pipshipline) is Manila.
g The largest river in the world, but not the longest, is …………………… (anozma).
h The longest river in …………………… (gatzany) is …………………… (iasa).
i Santiago, the capital of …………………… (hilce) is surrounded by ……………………
(sedan) mountains.
j …………………… (tunom resteve) is a mountain in …………………… (shamyalia).
k …………………… (catitaln enaco) lies between North and South America and
…………………… (cafari).
2 Circle the correct word.
a Burj Khalifa is higher / taller than the Shanghai Tower.
b Kilauea and Etna are both extensive / active volcanoes.
c Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest / highest mountain in Africa.
d Lake Baikal is 1,642 metres large / deep.
e The longest / highest trees in the world are Giant Redwoods.
Low res
f We talk about a narrow / thin person but a narrow / thin piece of land.
88
6.2 Science
6.2 Light at night

1 Match the words to the definitions.
process organism compound be exposed to enzyme emit
a chemical that combines two or more elements: ……….…………………

b come into contact with: ……….…………………
c chemical produced by living cells which causes a chemical reaction:
……….…………………
d send out light or sound, for example: ……….…………………
e set of changes that happen naturally: ……….…………………
f single living plant, animal or other living thing: ……….…………………
2 Find the words in the text and write them next to the explanations below.
Some marine animals use bioluminescence to attract prey. For example,

the anglerfish drops a bioluminescent line from its head which attracts
fish looking for plankton. When they come near, the angler fish eats them.
Other animals use bioluminescence for camouflage. They make their body
look like the light on the surface of the water so animals in deeper water
below them can’t see them.
Scientists in biomedical research are interested in bioluminescent
organisms. Luciferin can be added to molecules and cells to make them
visible under a microscope. Some tests to measure viruses or bacteria in
a person’s blood use this method.
a make others want to come near: ……….…………………

b an animal that is killed for food by another animal: ……….…………………
c taking a colour or shape so as not to be seen: ……….…………………
d the top of something: ……….…………………
e able to be seen: ……….…………………
f machine used by scientists to make very small objects look larger:
……….…………………
g two types of small organisms that cause diseases: ……….…………………
89
6 Natural wonders
6.3 Look at this!

1 Complete the dialogue with words from the box.
Province once formations one trees place Forest
A: foration
Look at these rock …………………… 1
. Low res
B: Wow! Where is that amazing ……………………2?
A: It’s in China, in Yunnan ……………………3.
B: Those rocks look like ……………………4.
A: Yes, and in fact, it’s called the Stone ……………………5.
B: So was it a forest ……………………6?
A: No, it’s never been ……………………7.
2 Put the rest of the dialogue in order. Number it 1–7.

[ ] A: Well, 270 million years ago there was a shallow sea there.
[ ] A: Me too. Some of the rocks look like strange people.
[ ] A: Stone deposits built up in that sea, then were eroded by wind and water.
[ 1 ] B: How was it formed?
[ ] B: And ended up looking like trees? I’d like to go there one day.
[ 7 ] B: Yes, like this one. It’s like a giant sitting down.
[ ] B: A sea? Then where did the stone come from?
Challenge
3 Write two more lines of the dialogue.
A: ………………………………………………………........………........………........………...
B: ………………………………………………………........………........………........………...
Low res
90
Use of English
Comparative and superlative of adjectives

Use of English
Adjective Comparative Superlative

one-syllable adjectives
old older the oldest
wide wider the widest
thin thinner the thinnest
dry drier the driest
two-syllable adjectives
easy easier the easiest
boring more boring the most boring
Low res
crowded less crowded the least crowded
longer adjectives
dramatic more dramatic the most dramatic
inhabited less inhabited the least inhabited
irregular adjectives
good better the best
bad worse the worst
We can compare things that are equal using just / almost as … as: Some parts of
Greenland are just as cold as Russia. And we can compare things that aren’t equal
using not (nearly) as … as: The Mekong isn’t nearly as long as the Nile.
We can use far / much / even / a bit for emphasis with comparatives: The Arctic Ocean
is much colder than the Mediterranean Sea.
With superlatives, we only use of before plurals: The Amazon is the largest of all the
rivers in the world. BUT: The Amazon is the largest river in the world.
Check!
Write the comparative or superlative of the adjectives in brackets.
a Which is …………………… (high): Etna or Vesuvius?
b What is …………………… (impressive) landscape that you’ve ever seen?
c Wadi Halfa in the Sudan is one of …………………… (dry) places on Earth.
d The wild flowers this spring are far …………………… (beautiful) than last year.
e Australia with 3.2 people per square kilometre is even …………………… (inhabited)
than Iceland, which has 3.5 people per square kilometre.
91
6 Natural wonders
Focus
1 Circle the correct form to complete the sentences.
a The Atacama Desert is one of the most dry / driest places in the world.
b In the Atacama, birds and insects are more common / commoner near the coast.
c In some species, the female is far larger / far more larger than the male.
d The female blanket octopus is 40,000 times more heavy / heavier than the male.
e Chimpanzees and other primates have some of the longer / longest childhoods in the
animal world.
Practice
2 Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative of the correct adjective.
easy few good heavy large
a The sperm whale has the …………………… brain of any creature, weighing around 9 kilos.
b Dogs have a much …………………… sense of smell than we do.
c Many animals, including cats, dogs and rabbits, can see far …………………… colours
than we can.
d Animals that are active at night generally have …………………… eyes than those which
operate in daylight.
e Big eyes let in more light and make it …………………… to see in the dark.
Challenge
3 Write a second sentence that means the same as the first, using the word in brackets.
a Mont Blanc is nowhere near as high as Everest.
(much) ………………………………………………………………………
b New Guinea is a bit bigger than Borneo.
(almost) ………………………………………………………………………
c There is no island in the world larger than Greenland.
(biggest) ………………………………………………………………………
d Sumatran rhinos and giant pandas are equally endangered.
(just) …………………………………………………………………………
e Mosquitoes are not as dangerous as sharks.
(less) …………………………………………………………………………
92
Use of English
Pronouns
Use of English
A pronoun is the grammatical term for a word that is used instead of a noun.
In this sentence, What are those? means
What are the insects?
What are
those? There are different types of pronouns –
demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these,
those; indefinite pronouns: somebody, anybody,
nothing, etc; quantitative pronouns: some,
any, all, both, either, much, many, more, most,
Low res enough, several, a little, a few, another, none.
The pronoun one has a plural form, ones.
We use a / an if there is an adjective before one.
Look at the ones
on the flower!
There’s a big one in
Low res the middle.
We use both about two things and all about more

than two things: What did you get in the two
science tests? I got A in both. And nearly all of us
in my class got an A for the maths.
Check!
a I didn’t see nobody / anybody in the park.
b I saw Joey and Sam. Both / All of them scored goals in the match.
c Let’s find a shady tree to sit under.’ ‘There’s a big one / big one over there.’
Focus
1 Complete the dialogue with pronouns from the box.
anything much nothing ones these some
A: nothing
I’m sorry but I’ve got …………………… ready for your lunch.
B: I’m not very hungry so I don’t need ……………………
to eat. Can I just have a few biscuits?
93
6 Natural wonders
A: OK. There are …………………… in the cupboard.

B: Do you mean those chocolate ……………………?
A: Sure. Help yourself to …………………… you find in there.
B: Yum! …………………… are delicious. Thank you.

2 Circle the best two options to complete the sentences.
To refer back to a
a First, we look at the size of the plant and the colour number of ideas, you
of the flowers. As well as these / these things / this, can talk about these
we need to know what kind of soil it grows in. factors, these problems,
b Elephants are threatened by hunters and by habitat loss. etc.: In addition to
In addition to that / these threats / these, climate change these issues, I believe
is having an impact on them too. better communication is
c Eco-tourism provides income for local people, needed.
another reason to protect wildlife and raise money Or you can use the
for conservation projects. Because of all these / these pronouns this or that
things / this, everyone benefits. to refer back to all the
points mentioned: In
d The National Park has well-marked paths, there are free addition to this, I believe
maps and guides, and there’s a café for visitors. With all better communication is
this / these facilities / these, it’s not surprising it’s so popular. needed. NOT In addition
to these, …
Challenge
3 Complete the dialogues with an appropriate pronoun.
A: anything
Crocodiles can survive for months without eating …………………….
B: How can they do ……………………. .
A: Apparently, their body can use energy really slowly.
C: Have you ever seen an elephant?
D: Yeah, I’ve seen …………………… in a zoo, but not in the wild. You?
C: The same. I’ve only seen the …………………… you get in zoos.
E: How was your trip to South Africa? Did you see …………………… interesting?
F: Yes, we saw loads of lions, including the massive male …………………… in this photo.
As you can see, we got really close to ……………………. .
94
6.4 Think about it
6.4 Fastest, longest, furthest

1 Solve the crossword puzzle. 1 2
Across 3
1 A big cat that can run very

fast. (7)
4 5
7 This reptile can live a very long
time. (5, 8) 6
8 (7) 7
Low res
12 Dogs are related to this 8 9 10
wild animal. (4) 11
13 (5, 4) 12
Low res
14 (4)
13
Low res 14
15 The largest land animal. (8) 15
Down
2 the smallest bird in the world. (11) 6 Huge black and white marine
3 (5) mammal. (6, 5)
9 This bird hunts at night and can
turn its head 270°. (3)
Low res
4 (8) 10 (7) Low res
Low res
11 (5)
5 Cheetahs and leopards are members
of the ……… family. (3)
Low res
Challenge
2 What is: the largest wild animal in your country? the fastest? the most beautiful
in your opinion?
……………………. ……………………. …………………….
95
6 Natural wonders
6.5 Your very own natural wonder

I learnt to play the piano as a child. It’s only now that I’m older that I realise
what an amazing skill / job 1 it is and how many chemical and electrical
signals / memories 2 are involved. If the music is fast, there are a lot of notes to
play and various messages / organs 3 of my body have to work very closely and
very quickly to create beautiful music.
My eyes see the notes printed on the sheet of music and respond / change 4 by
sending messages / connections 5 along neural pathways / organs 6 to my brain.
My skin / brain 7 processes the information through its complex structure of
microscopic cells / thoughts 8 called motors / neurons 9 and decides which piano
keys to press, how hard and for how long. My brain uses the pathway of my
spinal cord / back 10 to send these instructions to the organs / muscles 11 in my
fingers. And my fingers react by pressing the keys, which produce the sound.
All of this must happen in a fraction of a second. My body is an amazing
structure / discovery 12, but it still takes years of practice to become a great
pianist!
2 Make collocations by matching the words in the two columns.

complex cell
neural structure
spinal organ
microscopic cord
sensory pathway
chemical signals
Low res
96
6.6 Talk about it
6.6 Use your human superpowers

1 Write a suitable word in each gap to complete the dialogue. Some may be
simple words like a or an. Sometimes there are several possibilities.
Presenter: O over
ur next caller is Jamila. Jamila, ……………………1
to you. Tell us
why you’re …………………… . 2
Jamila: I get worried, anxious about lots ……………………3 things, and I feel
afraid to ……………………4 things. And I don’t know why.
Vanessa: …………………5 to talk to you, Jamila. And ……………………6 first
…
thing I must say is, ……………………7 done for phoning in. It takes
……………………8 to do that.
Jamila: Thank you.
Vanessa: an ……………………9 give me some examples of the ……………………10
C
you get anxious about?
Jamila: O
h, everything. ……………………11 school, I’m afraid I can’t keep
……………………12 with the other students in maths, ……………………13
example. They all seem to understand ……………………14 far more quickly
than I do.
Vanessa: ……………………15 …
Jamila: nd I’d really like to do ……………………16 active things, like playing
A
tennis, but ……………………17 can’t just go up to the ……………………18
teacher and say I’d like to ……………………19, because I might not
be any ……………………20.
2 Put the dialogue in order. Number it 1–7.

[ ] A: Exactly. They seem to be having a lot more fun than me.
[ 1 ] A: I know it doesn’t make sense but I sometimes feel jealous of my friends.
[ ] A: Because they seem to be having a better time than me.
[ ] A: I suppose you’re right. That makes me feel a bit better.
[ ] B: You shouldn’t worry. Their lives probably aren’t that exciting.
They’ve probably chosen those photos very carefully.
[ ] B: Is that from looking at their photos on social media?
[ ] B: Really? Why is that?
97
6 Natural wonders
Comparative and superlative adverbs

Use of English
We use an adverb to describe an action With shorter adverbs, we add -er / -ier to
and an adjective to describe a person or form the comparative: faster, harder, earlier.
thing: We can get there more easily by We add -est / -iest to form the superlative:
car (verb + adverb). It’s an easier journey by (the) fastest, (the) hardest, (the) earliest.
car (adjective + noun). There are some irregular adverbs: well /
With most adverbs, we use more to form better / the best; badly / worse / the worst;
the comparative: more easily, more quickly, far / farther or further / the farthest; much /
more carefully. And we use (the) most to more/ the most; little / less / the least.
form the superlative: (the) most easily, (the) We can use much, a lot, far and a bit to
most quickly, (the) most carefully. We can emphasise comparative adverbs: She works
also use less and the least + adverb: I see far harder than me.
her less often than before. The food I eat
least often is fish. We can use almost, nearly or just with as …
as: I don’t work nearly as hard as her.
Check!
I run a lot faster / more fast 1 than my friend Vinny but I don’t swim as good / well 2 as
him. And he can swim more far / further 3 and the most / more energetically 4 than
anyone else. He can also stay the longer / the longest 5 under water.
Focus Low res

1 Circle the best word to complete the sentences.
a When the path is wet or icy, you need to walk
more careful / more carefully.
b The lodge was quite basic, but it was much more
comfortable / more comfortably than camping.
c On the second day, the weather was much nicer /
more nicely, so we went hiking.
d What I remember clearer / more clearly than
anything is the amazing colours of the flowers.
e The caves are easiest / most easily reached by boat
along the river.
98
Use of English
Practice
2 Complete the sentences using the comparative or superlative form of the adverb
in brackets.
a earlier
On safari, you have to get up much …………………… (early) than usual,
just before sunrise.
b With binoculars you can watch birds far …………………… (easily).
c The animals which are seen …………………… (frequently) of all are
wildebeest.
d A cheetah can run three times …………………… (fast) than a human
sprinter.
e The person who knew most and spoke …………………… (interestingly)
about the animals was our wonderful guide.
f Snow leopards are one of the …………………… (hard) animals to see in
the wild.
g These bugs are less than 1mm across, so you’ll see them much
…………………… (well) through a microscope.
Challenge
3 Complete the second sentence so it means the same as the first, using the
underlined word.
a Kareem drives more dangerously than Amal.
doesn’t drive as dangerously as Kareem.
as: Amal ………………………………………………………......................
b Marek doesn’t work nearly as hard as the others.
much: The others ……………………………………………………….........
c Yesterday we couldn’t see the animals as clearly as today.
more: Today ………………………………………………………................
d Eagles fly much faster than pigeons.
nearly: Pigeons ………………………………………………………............
e Orangutans don’t look after their young more carefully than elephants.
just as: Elephants ……………………………………………………….........
99
6 Natural wonders
Multi-word verbs
Use of English
Multi-word verbs are verbs followed by one or more prepositions or adverbial particles
that give the original verb a different meaning: look after / look for / look out / look
forward to.
Multi-word verbs are very common in English and the best way to learn how to use
them is to practise! You probably know a lot of them already.
Check!
Circle the correct word or phrase.
a I have to look after / out my little c Look for / out! There’s wet paint
cousin this afternoon while my aunt on that wall.
is at the doctor’s. d We’re really looking forward to /
b Please help me look after / for my for to seeing you in the summer.
keys. I have no idea where they are.
Focus
a I’m going to make a list and write up / down all the things we need.
Get it right!
b A taxi came to pick her out / up at the airport.
Both parts of
c George quickly found an empty chair and sat down / in.
a multi-word
d It was raining outside so I put on / up my waterproof jacket. verb need to be
e We’ll get out / off the bus at the next stop. included. If you
miss part out,
f Luka generally gets by / on well with the other kids. your sentence
g I’m going out / away on holiday with my parents next week. could have a very
different meaning.
h We should meet with / up for a coffee soon and catch up on /
back to all the latest news.
Practice
2 Match each pair of sentences with their meanings.
a A few of them have joined an after-school volleyball club. [ 1 ]
Some kids were playing volleyball and Jo and Ben joined in. [ 2 ]
1 They became members.
2 They started to play with the others.
100
Use of English
b You should believe the medical advice. [ ]

You should believe in yourself. [ ]
1 You should have self-confidence. Low res
2 You should trust it.

c I’ll find his name on the list. [ ]
I’ll try and find out his name for you. [ ]
1 I’ll try to discover what his name is.
2 I’ll look for his name.
d Did you hear Maria leave this morning? [ ]
Have you heard from Maria? [ ]
1 Did she make a noise?
2 Has she contacted you?
Challenge
3 Underline the multi-word verbs and replace them with a verb from the
box with the same meaning.
absorb approach calculate continue discover
eliminate emit escape reach relay transmit
reaah
a When water gets to 100 °C, it boils. f We can work out the risk.
b Do not feed animals if they come up g The brain uses motor neurons to send
to you. out a message to the muscles.
c Trees and plants let out oxygen from h Neurons in the skin pass on
their leaves at night. information to the brain.
d They take in carbon dioxide in the i Scientists are carrying on with their
daytime. search for a vaccine.
e If toxic gas gets out of the factory, it j Researchers found out that some
can cause illness. algae get rid of pollution from water.
4 Write sentences using the multi-word verbs in the box.
get on with (could) do with tell off

get into (trouble) do without keep up with
I got on well ith everyon at y priary ahool.

…………………………………………………………………………
101
6 Natural wonders
Low Res
1 Put the first paragraph of the article in the correct
order. Number the sentences 1–4.
[ ] It’s the nearest town to Fiordland National
Park, one of the best destinations for visitors
who love wildlife and outdoor activities.
[ 1 ] Hello!
[ ] I live in Te Anau, a small town in the southwest
of the South Island.
[ ] My name is Craig and I’m from New Zealand, which has
some of the most dramatic scenery you’ll ever see.
2 Complete the next two paragraphs with words from the box.
best beautiful explore food
glaciers high hundreds impressed
local most national
beatifl
The park is a World Heritage Site and has, in my opinion, the most …………………… 1
scenery of the South Island. Visitors will be ……………………2 by the famous fjords –
valleys formed by ……………………3 then flooded by the sea, by the rain forests, the huge
lakes, the ……………………4 mountains and the birds, including our ……………………5
symbol, the kiwi, and our ……………………6 parrot, the kea, which will happily steal
……………………7 from your car or bag if you aren’t careful.
Fiordland has some of the country’s ……………………8 hiking, including the famous
Milford Track. Sea kayaking is one of the ……………………9 popular ways to
……………………10 the fjords. Visitors and locals also love the Te Anau Glow-worm Caves
– underground limestone caves lit by ……………………11 of glow-worms.
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write a piece for a tourist brochure describing an
area of your country or of another country, saying why people should
go there. Use comparatives and superlatives.
102
6.8 Fiction
1 Complete Anushka’s diary entry with words from the box.
jumped believe competition fair great invited
lake show stand wasting without
12th April
inied
My grandfather has just …………………… 1
my three brothers to go out fishing
on the river in his boat tomorrow. He’s getting them to take part in some fishing
……………………2. And he said I couldn’t come because ‘my dear Anushka, girls are
never that ……………………3 at fishing’. And did my brothers ……………………4
up for me? Did they tell Granddad that I deserved a chance and that it wasn’t
……………………5 to leave me out. No, of course they didn’t. They just smiled and
……………………6 at his invitation. Well I don’t believe in ……………………7 energy
on being miserable or angry. But I do ……………………8 in myself so I’ll just get
organised and ……………………9 them all. I can do ……………………10 grandfather’s
boat. I’ll be fine fishing on my own from the edge of the ……………………11.
2 Put the sentences from a local newspaper report in order.

a [ ] ‘But I kept on trying and in the end I succeeded.’
b [ ] ‘It was so heavy I could hardly pull it in,’ she told our reporter.
c [ ] ‘Sadly, not one of them caught any fish, poor things,’ she ended.
d [ ] ‘They were fishing from our grandfather’s boat,’ she said.
e [ 1 ] 13-year-old Anushka Sharma has won the Herongate Fishing Cup with a fish
weighing 15 kilos.
f [ ] She added that her three brothers also took part in the competition.
Challenge
3 Write Anushka’s diary entry after winning the fishing competition. Start like this:
It was o aazing to pll in that hge fish. And it was even beter to tand p in frnt of everyon
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
and get th ap. Granddad looked very rpried …
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
103
7 Historical figures
7.1 Leaders, rulers and explorers
1 Solve the crossword puzzle. The first letter of each answer is given.
Across 1
K
1 Male of queen. (4)
2 Occasion when a group of people 2
P
express strong disagreement. (7) 3
A
4 The opposite of war. (5) 4
P
5 A person who is admired for their 5
H
6
E
achievements. (4) 7
F
8 A person who controls the
government of a country. (5) 8
R
9 Barack Obama was the first black
……… of the USA. (9) 9
P
10 Qin Shi Huang was the first ………
of China. (7) 10
E
Down
1 What a person knows. (9)
3 Someone who tries to make political or social change happen by taking
part in group actions. (8)
4 Strength or ability to control. (5)
6 Someone who travels to faraway places to find out about them. (8)
7 The right to do, say, think what you want. (7)
Challenge
2 Which is it easier to have as your hero: someone alive today or someone from history?
Give a reason.
……………….………….……………………….………….………….……………
……………….………….……………………….………….………….……………
104
7.2 History
7.2 Born to lead

1 Choose the correct words.
Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE) built an enormous Low res

country / empire 1. He was the ruler / president 2 of Macedon,
a small kingdom famous for the skill of its heroes / fighters 3.
Alexander’s greatest difficulty / enemy 4 was Darius, the
emperor of Persia. Darius’s family was taken / given 5
prisoner by Alexander when he won the battle / enemy 6 of
Issus. Darius himself escaped. Two years later Alexander
and his leaders / soldiers 7 again defeated / won 8 the Persian
army / soldier 9, killing / capturing 10 Babylon, the capital of
the Persian empire. Darius fled and was killed by his own
explorers / officers 11. Alexander then conquered / fought 12 a
lot of place / territory13 in modern Afghanistan and Pakistan,
helped by some of the local tribes / countries 14. Some of the
Statue in Alexandria, Egypt,
cities he founded such as Alexandria in Egypt and Iskenderun of Alexander the Great on his
in Turkey still have his name. horse, Bucephalus
2 Choose the correct words from the box to complete the text.
arrows bravery catapults expelled
gunpowder poisoned rival ruthless
bravy
Alexander relied on the ……………………. 1
of his soldiers to achieve victory.
He also used the most modern technology of his time before …………………….2
was invented. His army used long spears for defence, bows and …………………….3
to attack, and …………………….4 to throw large stones to break down the walls of
castles.
He was a …………………….5 leader who never allowed a …………………….6 to

question his decisions. After he had …………………….7 the Persian rulers from their
capital he adopted Persian customs and dress: his soldiers did not approve of this
change and some people say he was …………………….8 by his own companions.
105
7.3 Who will be remembered?

1 Write one word in each gap to complete the dialogue. Some may be simple words
like as or to. Sometimes there are several possibilities.
a
Presenter: Why have you chosen Jacinda Ardern …………………….1
someone who will
be remembered?
Girl 1: Well, …………………….2, she succeeded in winning the election
…………………….3 become Prime Minister of her country
…………………….4 the age of 37.
Presenter: Why do …………………….5 think people voted for her?
Girl 1: Basically, …………………….6 she believed in making things better
…………………….7 ordinary people.
Presenter: What kind of things?
Girl 1: …………………….8, for example, she wanted New Zealand
…………………….9 be the best place in the …………………….10 to
be a child. She said …………………….11 she wanted all schools to be
…………………….12 schools, that there should be a …………………….13
service you can rely on and …………………….14 all children should be loved
and …………………….15.

[ ] A: Giving it away? I Does he do that?
[ 1 ] A: Do you think Bill Gates will be remembered in a hundred
years’ time?
[ ] A: Well, I definitely think people will know his name.
[ ] A: Well, basically because he made a lot of money out of the world’s
biggest software business.
[ ] B: Right. And why will his name be known?
[ ] B: Don’t you think he’ll actually be remembered for giving money away?
[ ] B: Yes, he does. In fact, he’s given billions of dollars to improve health
in the world’s poorest countries.
[ ] B: Yes, I’m sure he will. What do you think?
106
Use of English
Past continuous
Use of English
We often use the past continuous and We also use the past continuous for actions
the past simple in the same sentence. and situations that lasted for a short or
We use the past continuous for an action limited time in the past:
in progress and the past simple for an He learned Arabic when he was living in
action which interrupts it: Muscat.
I was working on my history project when ‘What was he doing there?’ ‘He was studying
the doorbell rang. Omani history.’
‘Was he working as well?’ ‘Yes, he was. He
was teaching English part time.’
Check!
Circle the correct forms of the verb.
a ’What were you doing / did you do when the fire started?’ ‘I was reading.’
b ’What were you doing / did you do when the fire started?’ ‘I got out of the house very fast.’
Focus Low res

1 Match each pair of sentences with their meanings.
a When she arrived we were having lunch. [ 2 ]
When she arrived, we had lunch. [ 1 ]
1 She arrived before lunch.
2 She arrived during lunch.
b When I came in, he looked at his phone. [ ]
When I came in, he was looking at his phone. [ ]
1 He didn’t want to look at me.
2 He was already busy.
c When he heard the scream, Rishi climbed over the wall. [ ]
When he heard the scream, Rishi was climbing over the wall. [ ]
1 Rishi was already on the wall when he heard the scream.
2 Rishi started climbing the wall when h heard the scream.
d I fell over. I was looking for my torch. [ ]
I fell over. I looked for my torch. [ ]
1 First I fell. Then I looked for my torch.
2 First I looked for my torch. Then I fell over.
107

2 Choose the best verb form to complete the sentences.
These verbs aren't
a I swam / was swimming when I saw / was seeing the whale. often used in
b She didn’t know / wasn’t knowing the way, so several times she continuous forms:
asked / was asking people for directions. see, hear, know,
ask, seem, look
c The boys listened / were listening to music on headphones, (= appear).
so they didn’t hear / weren’t hearing the teacher come in. We saw the shark.
NOT We were
d Noor tidied / was tidying her room when she found / was
seeing the shark.
finding an old photo of her mum.
I knew about the
e Mitram was looking / looked shocked when he was hearing / accident. NOT
heard the terrible news. I was knowing
about the
accident.
Challenge
3 Read each sentence, then write questions using the prompts.
Use the correct tense: past continuous or past simple.
a
I fell off my bike yesterday.
Wre you going fat?

(go fast?) …………………………………………
Did you hurt yourself?
(hurt yourself ?) …………………………………………
(Where / accident / happen?) …………………………………… Low res
b
I saw Ana and Mia on the beach this morning.
(What time / see them?) ……………………………………….…

(they / swim or lie in the sun?) ……………………………..……
(they / look happy?) ………………………………………......…
c
I’ve just had my Spanish oral exam.
(What / the teacher ask you?) ……………………………………

(know the answers?) …………………………………………...…
(you get a good mark?) …………………………………….….…
108
Use of English
Verbs followed by prepositions

Use of English
Some verbs are followed by a preposition. You already know a lot of the
common ones like look at, listen to, talk about.
There are no rules to show which preposition is used with which verb, but it
helps to learn in groups of verbs taking the same preposition.
take part in pay for depend on insist on
believe in prevent from congratulate on explain to
succeed in protect from concentrate on prefer to
apologise for recover from rely on deal with
Some verbs can be followed by different prepositions depending on context:
I agree with you. Can we agree on a time? We don’t agree about anything!
A verb + preposition can often be followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing
form): He apologised for his behaviour. He apologised for being late.
Check!
Circle the correct preposition.
a Of course I don’t believe for / in ghosts.
b How much did you pay on / for that torch?
c We can rely on / with Dave to be on time.
d Is your school going to take part to / in the tournament?
e I’ll explain for / to you the best route to take.
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box and a preposition.
apologise congratulate depend insist
prevent protect recover succeed
a depend on the weather.

We might go to the beach but it will …………………
b Let me pay. It’s my turn. I ………………… …………… it.
c If you feel bad about it, ………………… …………… your bad behaviour.
d I have to ……………………. you …………… your success.
e She works hard so she will definitely ……………………. …………… her exams.
f How long did you take to ……………………. …………… your illness?
109
7 Historical figures

2 Circle the correct preposition. Or, if no preposition
is needed, cross them out. Remember that some verbs can be
followed by different prepositions
a Have you heard about / from the latest news?
depending on the context:
b Why don’t you think about / of it for a while • think about something =
before you make a decision? consider it in your mind: I
c She answered to / by me immediately by email. was just thinking about what
Amy said.
d Have you heard about / from the university yet
about your application? • think of something = have an
idea: We need to think of a
e We’re thinking about / to painting the walls blue. name for the project.
3 Put a tick (✓) by the correct sentences, or add the • think of / about doing
missing preposition. something = make plans: I’m
to thinking of / about going to
a Hundreds of people wrote the government
the beach tomorrow.
to complain about the plans.
• hear about something = get
b A crowd of journalists were waiting the Prime
news or information: Have
Minister to come out of the meeting.
you heard about the concert
c She thought carefully before she replied the next week?
reporter’s question. • hear from someone= receive a
d Hundreds of tourists visit the Taj Mahal in Agra. message: I haven’t heard from
e The old man smiled me and shook my hand. Zak for ages.
Challenge
4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
a We need to do something about that noise.
with that noise.
We need to deal …………………………………………
b He likes to paint. But he loves to play the guitar.
He prefers …………………………………………
c I was rude to her so I apologised.
I apologised …………………………………………
d Cyclists can get hurt in accidents but a helmet can protect them.
A helmet can protect cyclists …………………………………………
e We must do something so this doesn’t happen again.
We must prevent this …………………………………………
f She was successful and got a place at a top university.
She succeeded …………………………………………
110
7.4 Think about it
7.4 Creating and performing

1 Match the person to the word group related to their work.
dramatist author painter musician novelist performer poet sculptor
a r
play, poem, novel: ……………. e rhyme, alliteration, verse: …………….
b guitar, violin, sound: ……………. f stage, audience, public: …………….
c drama, theatre, play: ……………. g character, story, chapter: …………….
d stone, wood, shape: ……………. h paint, colour, light: …………….
2 Complete the classroom dialogue with words from the box.
apart from artists as if for literature painting

political special poet sculpture things
A: l
We’ve talked about ……………………. 1
figures who will be remembered. But
…………………….2 political figures, which other historical figures do we remember?
B: I think we remember important people from …………………….3, authors like
Shakespeare and the Chinese …………………….4 Lao Tzu.
A: Well done! Any other groups?
B: …………………….5 like Leonardo da Vinci and Frida Kahlo.
A: Good. And what makes them …………………….6? Why are they remembered?
A: Because they help you to see …………………….7 differently. It could be a
…………………….8 by Picasso or a stone …………………….9 by Michelangelo.
When art is good, it’s …………………….10 you’re looking at something
…………………….11 the first time.
Low res
Challenge
3 Answer the questions in your notebook.
a If you had to work in art, music, dance, drama or literature,
which would you choose and why?
b What are the main difficulties for artists, writers, musicians and
performers?
111
7.5 The Islamic Golden Age

1 Arrange the events in order, starting with the earliest. Number them
1 (earliest) to 5 (latest). Complete with words from the box.
becomes born ends reaches built
[ ] 220 ce The Han Dynasty ……………………. when Emperor Xian

gives in to Cao Pi.
Low res
built
[ 1 ] 2560 bce the Great Pyramid is ……………………. at Giza.
[ ] 570 ce The Prophet Mohammed is ……………………. in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
[ ] 1893 ce New Zealand ……………………. the first country in the world to allow
women to vote.
[ ] 1492 ce Christopher Columbus ……………………. the Americas after crossing the
Atlantic
2 Name the periods of history. Match words on the left to words on the right.
a The Han Civilisation
Low res
b Ancient Empire
c The European Dynasty
d The Ottoman Egypt
e The Mayan Renaissance

a solve
Talking to a friend can help you ……………………. (loves) a problem.
b We can’t work out the value of x in this ……………………. (onitaque).
c I enjoy maths, especially ……………………. (grabeal).
d We learned how to ……………………. (eluctacla) the area of a circle in
……………………. (teromegy).
e Teachers have students, doctors have ……………………. (stenitap).
f Doctors haven’t yet found a ……………………. (mantrette) for the disease.
g The first ……………………. (stommpy) is a high temperature.
h ……………………. (ivittycare) is the ability to produce original ideas.
112
7.6 Talk about it
7.6 Leonardo in 3D
1 Circle the correct words to complete the dialogue.
Si: I’ve just been to an amazing drama / exhibition1. I’ve never seen anything
like / before 2 it.
Mia: What was it? Paintings? Sculpture?
Si: Neither. It was actually about the environment / problems3.
Mia: You mean it was a science / literature 4 exhibition?
Si: No. It was definitely art / painting 5 not science but the theme was the
environment.
Mia: What number / kind 6 of things were being shown?
Si: Well there were installations.
Mia: Installations?
Si: Yes. For certain / example7, there was a really / real 8 rainbow.
Mia: How did they do that?
Si: There was a dark room with water coming down. Light shining on the
water succeeded / created 9 a rainbow.
Mia: It sounds a bit technical and not very artistic.
Si: I don’t agree / think10. Everyone saw the rainbow differently / quietly11
depending on where they stood. The title was ‘Beauty’.
Mia: Is that because we all see / look12 beauty differently?
Si: Yes, I think so.
2 Put the rest of the dialogue in order. Number it 1–7.

Mia: [ ] Is it still on?
Mia: [ ] What was it made of ?
Mia: [ ] Who’s the artist?
Si: [ ] No, but I’m sure there’ll be another exhibition of his work soon.
Si:
[ ] A Danish-Icelandic artist called Olafur Eliasson.
Si:
[ ] Metal and water. The point of it was to make people ask themselves
about the future of the natural world.
Si:
[ 1 ] There was also a huge manmade waterfall.
113
Past perfect simple Low res
Use of English
We form the past perfect with had + past participle.
We use the past perfect to describe an event in the past that
happened before another event in the past:
I didn’t watch the film because I had already seen it.
Had you leanred to swim by the age of six? No, I hadn’t.
We often use the past perfect with expressions such as by the time:
By the time you were born, I had already left school.
Remember that the adverb already goes between had and the past participle.
Check!
Complete with the past perfect of the verbs in brackets.
a The house was quiet as everyone ……………………. (go) to bed.
b The book was old and someone ……………………. (write) their name in it.
c She couldn’t move because she ……………………. (break) her leg.
Focus
1 Read about the situations and write sentences in the past perfect.
a I visited my friend but she wasn’t at home.
She had gone out
(She / go out) ………………………………………… .
b I saw a friend from primary school.
(He / not change / at all) …………………………………………
c The dish was empty and the cat looked happy.
(It / eat / our lunch) …………………………………………
d We arrived a bit late.
(Luckily, the film / not start yet) …………………………………………
e It was great to see Luke after so long.
(I / not see / him for four years) …………………………………………
f Yusef didn’t want to go swimming.
(He / just eat / a big lunch) …………………………………………
114
Use of English
Practice
2 Complete with the past simple or past perfect form of the verb.
aivd
Maria ……………………. 1
(arrive) for the audition with plenty of time
to spare, but when she …………………….2 (look) in her bag, she noticed
she …………………….3 (forget) to bring her ballet shoes. She realized she
…………………….4 (leave) them at home so she …………………….5 (run)
back to fetch them. By the time she …………………….6 (return) to the theatre
half an hour later, the auditions …………………….7 (finish) and everyone
…………………….8 (go). She was furious that she …………………….9 (miss)
her opportunity.
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences using a verb in the past perfect.
a I had spent all ine
I borrowed some money because ………………………………………… .
b I shouted at him because …………………………………………
c He gave the book away because …………………………………………
d The thief got in because …………………………………………
e I ate a very big supper because …………………………………………
f They went to bed very early because …………………………………………
g My room looked a mess because …………………………………………
Low res
115
Past perfect in reported speech

Use of English
When we report what someone said, we often have to change the tense.
If someone uses the present perfect or the past simple in direct speech,
we change it to the past perfect when we report what they said.
Anita: ‘I’ve hurt my foot.’ à Anita said she’d hurt her foot.
Anita: ‘I fell during the hurdles race.’ à She explained that she had fallen
during the hurdles race.
Anita: ‘I haven’t broken my ankle.’ à She added that she hadn’t broken
her ankle.
We have the same tense changes in reported questions.
Kim: ‘Where has Lucy gone?’ à Kim asked where Lucy had gone.
Kim: ‘Did she go alone?’à Kim asked if she had gone alone.
Check!
Circle the correct word.
a She said that her parents have / had given her a new phone.
b You said you did see / had seen her a week ago.
c He asked where had I / I had bought my bike.
d They weren’t sure if / what they had taken the right road.
Low res
Focus
1 Write the dialogue in reported speech.
Kiran: Have you been to the Picasso exhibition, Lee?
she had ben to the Piaao exhibition .1
Kiran asked Lee if …………………………………………
Lee: I took my cousin to it on Saturday.
Lee said that she …………………………………………2
Kiran: Has it ended yet?
Kiran asked if …………………………………………3
Lee: They’ve extended it for another month.
Lee answered that …………………………………………4
116
Use of English

2 Complete the reported statements and questions.
Remember to:
a ‘I haven’t heard from Pete.’
• Use a mix of reporting
Louisa explained ………………………………… verbs to report statements;
explain, hear, write,
…………………………………………….……… mention: She explained
b ‘ We’ve cancelled the tour.’ what had happened.
The band announced …………….……………… • Use these reporting verbs

and phrases to report
…………………………………………….……… questions; ask, wonder,
c ‘I’ve already sold my bike.’ check, want to know: My
parents wanted to know if
Tom mentioned …………………….…………… I’d passed the exam.
…………………………………………….……… • Be careful with the
word order of reported
d ‘Which topic have you chosen for your project?’ questions!
The teacher wanted to know ……………………
…………………………………………….………
e ‘Have you all brought a water bottle?’
The teacher wanted to know ……………………………………………………….…………
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect.
she had givn up ating ahoaolae .
My friend said that …………………………………………
Our teacher asked us if …………………………………………
My brother / sister / cousin mentioned that …………………………………………
The dentist asked me when …………………………………………
I heard that …………………………………………
Nobody told me that …………………………………………
My friend asked me if …………………………………………
We were surprised that …………………………………………
………………………………………… wanted to know …………………………………………
117

1 Put the sentences in the correct order. Number them 1–6.
[ ] After she’d left school, Valentina became a translator and translated
Russian literature into Turkish.
[ ] And she sent Valentina to school, where she learnt Turkish.
[ ] At the age of six, she lost her father, who was killed in the Russian
Revolution.
[ ] Her mother, my great great grandmother, whose name was Maria,
escaped with nine-year-old Valentina to Turkey in 1920 with other
Russian refugees.
[ ] Maria got a job as a cook working for a rich family in Istanbul.
[ 1 ] My great grandmother Valentina’s story starts in 1911, when she was
born in Russia.
2 Complete the next paragraph with words from the box.
became bright by dreamed engineer grandfather

grew happily love returned settled until
grandfather
In 1942 Valentina met John, my English great ……………………. 1
who had
gone to Turkey as an …………………….2 to work on the port of Istanbul.
They fell in …………………….3 and got married. After the Second World War
had ended in 1945, John …………………….4 to London with Valentina and
her mother, Maria, where they lived …………………….5 ever after. Valentina
had never …………………….6 of visiting England or of living there. But
she …………………….7 in well and …………………….8 a Russian teacher.
I feel lucky that I …………………….9 up near my great grandmother’s house
and saw her every day …………………….10 she died in 2006. I was nine
…………………….11 then and she had already taught me to speak Russian
and to make borscht, a …………………….12 red Russian soup.
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write a short biography of an ancestor or family member.
Give some information about the historical background. Show what was
interesting about their life. Was it the difficulties they had to face? Was it their
achievements? Or was it their personality or relationship with you? Write at least
200 words.
118
7.8 Fiction
1 Choose the correct sentence endings in this fictional account of how
Leonardo da Vinci created his painting, Mona Lisa. Write a–f.
a a bit mysterious d pictures of birds on the walls
b smiling to himself e follow you around the room
c half-finished painting f smiling or not
It was a quiet day at Leonardo da Vinci’s workshop in Florence. His assistant Francesco
was busy painting ………… d 1
. He turned to look at his master, who was standing
completely still in front of a …………2 of a woman.
’Can I help, sir?’ asked Francesco.
’Probably not,’ said Leonardo. ‘The problem is I can’t decide if she should be …………3.’
Francesco came closer. ‘Perhaps you should make her expression …………4,’ he said.
He walked towards the door and then towards the window. ‘Her eyes seem to …………5.
It’s very clever.’
‘Well, thank you,’ said Leonardo, …………6.
2 Complete the fictional account of Xu Zhimo’s inspiration for the poem Low res
Saying Goodbye To Cambridge Again. Use words from the box.
bench branches early painful reflected

silence sound slowly words
slowly
Xu Zhimo walked ……………………. 1
along the river bank. It was …………………….2
evening and the last of the sun was …………………….3 in the water. The hanging
…………………….4 of a willow tree almost touched the surface. Three students
went past in a boat and the …………………….5 of their laughter briefly broke the
…………………….6. The beauty of the place was almost …………………….7. How
could he leave? He sat down on a …………………….8, took out a notebook and
wrote some …………………….9. ‘There is one thing I can do to make myself less
sad,’ he thought, ‘and that’s writing a poem about saying goodbye to Cambridge.’
Challenge
3 Think of a well-known historical figure, writer or artist and write a short
scene from their life in your notebook. The scene can be comic or serious.
Use Exercises 1 and 2 for ideas.
119
8 Storytelling
8.1 A good story
1 Complete the book reviews with an adjective from box A. Then choose the story
type from box B.
A complicated descriptions detective imaginative
main put pages relate scary set
B adventure story historical fiction horror story

science fiction spy story thriller
a The Scream Nobody is safe from the ‘thing’ in the forest. This book is
scary
very ……………………. . Don’t read it when you’re home alone!
Horror fiction
…………………….
b K Is For Killer You won’t be able to ……………………. this book down.
It is definitely the most exciting and enjoyable ……………………. story of
the year. …………………….
c Secret Agent Moro Agent Moro investigates international crime in a
book with a ……………………. plot which will keep you turning the
…………………….. . …………………….
d The Secret Of The Nile ……………………. in Ancient Egypt in
2670 BCE, this story of a boy growing up in Luxor is written by a very
……………………. writer. …………………….
e Floating It’s the year 2300. Arik and Sanna live in a city of floating
platforms. Brilliant ……………………. of a future world and characters
you’ll ……………………. to. …………………….
f Journey To The Edge When their space mission goes wrong, who will
rescue Captain Josie and her crew? A great ……………………. character
and a very exciting read! …………………….
Challenge
2 In your notebook, write three similar book reviews. Invent books and titles
if you like.
120
8.2 Literature
8.2 Tales from around the world Low res

1 Complete with words from the box.
animals character explains fable fairy tales

folk tales legend magic moral myths
a folk tal
In West African ……………………. , Anansi the spider man is
an intelligent ……………………. who sometimes plays tricks.
b In a lot of Ancient Greek ……………………. people get
changed into ……………………. or even plants.
c The Fox and the Crow is a ……………………. with a ……………………. message.
d Most ……………………. begin with the words Once upon a time and include a witch,
a fairy or some kind of ……………………. in them.
e The Chinese ……………………. of the monster Nian ……………………. why
New Year in China is always celebrated with a lot of noise.
2 Match the words in the box to the meanings.

accompany comedian keeper monologue
opponent pass on recite verse
a comedian
Person whose job is to make people laugh by telling funny stories: …………………….
b Say a poem aloud without reading it: …………………….
c Long speech by one person: …………………….
d Play an instrument or sing with another performer: …………………….
e Person in charge of valuable information or knowledge: …………………….
f Section of a poem or song: …………………….
g Give something to someone younger in your group: …………………….
h Person you are competing against: …………………….
Challenge
3 Write answers to the questions in your notebooks.
a In what ways are spoken stories different from written stories?
b Do you prefer reading stories or listening to them? Give reasons.
121
8 Storytelling
8.3 Stories we remember

1 Write a suitable word in each gap to complete the dialogue. There are several
possibilities for some gaps.
when
Amira: One story I found absolutely fascinating ……………………. 1
I was younger was a
very …………………….2 traditional story, set in China. It’s …………………….3
a boy who finds a magic …………………….4.
Nadya: Oh, I think I can guess …………………….5 it is.
Amira: As a child, I …………………….6 it firstly because the characters were

…………………….7 and then because there’s a great …………………….8 with a lot
of mystery and …………………….9. And I suppose you could …………………….10
it’s about a battle between good …………………….11 evil.
Nadya: So I suppose it appeals …………………….12 several levels, to adults and to

…………………….13?

[ ] Chen: And now what kind of stories appeal to you?
[ ] Chen: And do you think that’s true?
[ ] Chen: Really? What does it say?
[ ] Chen: What exactly do you mean, several levels?
[ ] Toby: It says young kids like something a little bit scary and fairly predictable.
[ ] Toby: I’m thinking of the best sci fi books. They have exciting plots and they
also make you see important issues differently.
[ 1 ] Toby: There’s a website with ideas for writing kids’ stories.
[ ] Toby: Well now I prefer stories that appeal on several levels.
[ ] Toby: Yes, I do. When I was little, I liked quite simple stories with a lot
of repetition.
Challenge
3 Write four more lines of the dialogue in your notebook. Start like this:
Chen: I’m not into sci-fi. I prefer …………………….
122
Use of English
Present perfect with indefinite time adverbs

Use of English
We use the present perfect with ever, never, already, just, still, yet.
Have you ever written a poem?
She’s never listened to an audio version of a book.
I’ve already seen that movie twice.
Aisha has just won a short story competition.
Salem still hasn’t written his piece for the school magazine.
He hasn’t thought of a title for the story yet.
Check!
Circle the correct words
a I’ve still / already seen that film.
b He hasn’t telephoned me still / yet.
c Leila still / yet hasn’t bought the new thriller.
d I’ve already / just finished a lovely book. You can borrow it.
e Phew! That awful noise has already / just stopped.
Focus
1 Write the verbs in the present perfect and add the appropriate
time adverb from the box. Low res
already ever just just never still yet
a jt een (ee) a shooting star!

Wow! I’ve …………………….
b I’m hungry. I ……………………. (not have) my supper
…………………….. .
c You ……………………. (not show) me your holiday photos.
d ……………………. you ……………………. (eat) snails like the
ones in France?
e George ……………………. (lose) a game of chess in his life and he says
he won’t ever lose one!
f We can’t spend any longer on this. It ……………………. (take) us hours.
123
8 Storytelling

2 Complete the sentences using the superlative form of the adjective
and the present perfect form of the verb. Remember that
we can use
a the ot delicio (delicious) ice cream
It’s ……………………. a superlative
’ve ever tasted (ever / taste).
I……………………. adjective +
present perfect
b I think it’s ……………………. (interesting) with ever to
topic we ……………………. (ever / study) in class. express opinions:
He says it’s the
c It’s definitely ……………………. (good) film she worst movie he’s
ever seen.
……………………. (ever / make) – it’s brilliant!
d It was one of ……………………. (loud) noises I
Low res
……………………. (ever / hear) – it was deafening!
e What’s ……………………. (expensive) computer game
you ……………………. (ever / buy)?
f What’s ……………………. (strange) flavour of ice cream
you ……………………. (ever / choose)?
Challenge
3 Complete the questions and answers using the correct form of
the verb in brackets – present perfect or past simple.
A: Have you ever read
……………….………….……… 1
(you / ever / read) anything by Charles
Dickens?
B: Yes, I ……………….………….………2 (just / finish) reading Oliver Twist –
I ……………….………….………3 (think) it was a bit long!
A: No, is that a British author? I ……………….………….………4 (never /
hear) of him.
B: I ……………….………….………5 (start) one of his books a couple of
months ago, but I ……………….………….………6 (still / not / finish) it.
A: ……………….………….………7 (anyone / see) any good films recently?
B: I ……………….………….………8 (see) Stand By Me last week.
I ……………….………….………9 (never / cry) so much at a film before!
A: I ……………….………….………10 (just / download) a new sci-fi movie,
but I ……………….………….………11 (not / watch / it / yet).
124
Use of English
Present perfect continuous

Use of English
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about events or situations
which started in the past and are continuing up to now.
You look really hot and tired. What have you been doing?
I’ve been playing tennis and I’m really thirsty now.
Alana isn’t hungry because she’s been eating chocolate all day.
Who’s been using my laptop? I haven’t but I think Nahid has.
According to the dentist I haven’t been cleaning my teeth properly.
Check!
Complete the rules.
a The short form of I have been -ing is ……………………. been -ing.
b The short form of she has been -ing is ……………………. been -ing.
c The short form of Who has been -ing is ……………………. been -ing.
Focus
1 Complete with the present perfect continuous of the correct verb from the box.
try read act not feel work not do
a has been reading my private stuff ?

Why is my diary open? Who …………………….
b What’s the matter? Why ……………………. you ……………………. so
strangely recently?
c Dave looks tired. He ……………………. very Low res
hard recently.
d Rudi ……………………. well. He’s seeing the
doctor tomorrow.
e We ……………………. much homework this
term. We’re revising for our exams.
f I ……………………. to read this book but it’s
very boring and I keep falling asleep.
125
8 Storytelling
Practice
2 Complete the sentences using the present perfect continuous form of the verb
in brackets.
a Recently, Louise ……………………. (write) a blog about local wildlife.
b Last year I went for a run every day, but I ……………………. (not / run)
much recently.
c Jacob’s a really good skier and this winter, he …………………….
(also / learn) to snowboard.
d ……………………. (the cat / sit) on my bed again? It’s covered in fur!
e I ……………………. (chat) to Olivia about our plan and she thinks it’s a
good idea.
Challenge
3 Present perfect or present perfect continuous? Complete the sentences with the
correct verb form.
a Have you been sitting
Why are you so late? ……………….………….……… in a traffic jam?
(you / sit)
b Look! Somebody ……………….………….……… (drop) their wallet.
c You look hot and tired. ……………….………….……… (you / play)
tennis in this heat?
d ‘Maria’s not here at the moment.’ ‘Where ……………….………….………
(she / go)?’
e I ……………….………….……… (read) your spy book but I
……………….………….……… (not finish) it yet.
f I ……………….………….……… (make) a cake. Would you like a piece?
g I’v……………….………….……… (look for) my phone all day and I still
……………….………….……… (not find) it.
h She’s a brilliant singer. She …………….………….……… (sing) in all our
school concerts.
4 Write three sentences in your notebook about what you’ve been learning recently
in your science, geography and history lessons.
In science, we’ve been learning about … .
126
8.4 Think about it
8.4 A walk in the park

1 Complete the first paragraph of a story with words from the box.
along approach called deserted following head

hit massive pointed reached replied swiftly
towards uncomfortable whispered windless
indls
It was a hot ……………………. 1
day in August and the temperature in the house was
becoming …………………….2. At four o’clock Polly and I decided to …………………….3
for the river. As we stepped into the …………………….4 street, the heat from the pavement
…………………….5 us. We rode …………………….6 down the shady side of the road, then
started …………………….7 the path towards the river. We …………………….8 the river in ten
minutes and were cycling …………………….9 the river bank …………………….10 our favourite
swimming spot when I noticed a …………………….11 white animal in the grass ahead of
us. I stopped cycling and …………………….12 at it. ‘What is it?’ Polly …………………….13
out from her bike. ‘I don’t know,’ I …………………….14 quietly. ‘But I don’t think we should
…………………….15 it.’ I put my finger to my lips and …………………….16, ‘Let’s be very quiet
while I check it with my binoculars.’
2 Order the sentences of the next paragraph. Number them 1–6.

Then replace the underlined words with the most suitable verb from the box.
added asked demanded repeated replied whispered wondered
a [ ] ‘A tiger?’ Polly said. ‘Give me the binoculars,’ she said bossily.
b [ ] ‘Do you think it’s escaped from the zoo?’ I said.
c [ ] ‘I don’t know,’ Polly said. ‘Anyway we’ve got to call the police,’ she
also said.
asked
d [1 ] ‘So what is it?’ Polly said.
e [ ] ‘You won’t believe it – it’s a tiger,’ I said very quietly.
f [ ] I gave them to her. Polly looked and her mouth fell open.
127
8 Storytelling
8.5 Aladdin: a classic story

1 Solve the crossword puzzle.
Across 1 2 3
2 A valuable collection of jewels,

silver and gold. (8) 4
5 A group of stories or poems. (10) 5
6 Thing or saying which has magic

powers. (5) 6 7
8 A story or book that’s written but not

yet published. (10) 8 9
10 Some people ……………. by using

their mobile during a test. (5) 10 11
12
12 A magical character who does what
its owner asks. (5) 13
13 A very hard white stone used for

sculpture or building. (6)
Down
1 A person with magical power which he uses in a bad way. (8)
2 Someone whose job is making clothes. (6)
3 Put words into a different language. (9)
4 Old-fashioned word for someone who buys and sells things. (8)
7 An adjective to describe an extremely bad person. (4)
9 The place in a theatre where the actors perform. (6)
11 Make something from cloth using a needle. (3)
Challenge
2 In your notebook, write four sentences which include a phrase from Exercise 2.
Once upon a time there was an evil sorcerer who lived in a cave.
………………………………………….…………………………………………
128
8.6 Talk about it
8.6 Aladdin: what happened next

1 Match Aladdin’s lines to the gaps in the conversation. Write a–h.
Mother: We haven’t got any money for food. What shall we do?
b 1
Aladdin: …………
Mother: G
ood idea. Let me clean it first. Oh no! What’s happening? I’m
going to faint.
Aladdin: …………2
Genie: How can I help you?
Genie: Certainly, Sir. Your wish is my command!
Mother: I don’t believe it, Aladdin. Where did you learn this magic?
Aladdin: I didn’t learn any magic. …………5
Mother: Yes, I remember him. What has he got to do with this lamp?
Aladdin: Well, remember when I disappeared recently? …………6
Mother: Why did he do that?
Mother: Well did you find it for him?
Mother: Well it’s a very useful lamp. It’s very lucky we didn’t sell it!
a Because he wanted me to look for an e It was because he shut me in a cave.
old lamp in there. f Wow! There’s some kind of genie in
b I could take this old lamp to the the lamp!
market to sell it. g Yes, I did. But by the time I got out,
c Wake up, Mum. The genie’s brought he’d gone. So I kept the lamp.
us loads of delicious food. h But you remember that guy who said
d Well, err … um … . Mr Genie, could he was Dad’s brother … .
you get us some food?
Challenge
2 In your notebook, write four more lines of the conversation in Exercise 1. Start like this:
Aladdin: From now on, Mum, we can have food any time we want.
129
8 Storytelling
Preposition + noun Low res
Use of English
Prepositions can express:
• time: in November; at 3 o’clock; during the holidays
• place: in the area; on the screen
• purpose: (go out) for a meal
• direction: (walk) along the road; (run) towards the bridge
• possession: (a story) with a lot of repetition; (a girl) with long hair.
Check!
Circle the correct preposition.
a Let’s go to the café with / for an ice cream.
b We stayed inside during / along the hottest part of the day.
c Can you check the time in / on your phone, please.
d We were walking towards / at the centre when we saw Phil.
e We eat a lot of salad at / in the summer.
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the box.
along at during in in on for towards with with
During
……………………. 1
the summer holidays I like to stay …………………….2 bed
until 11. …………………….3 weekends, I sometimes go out …………………….4
a picnic …………………….5 my friends …………………….6 our local park.
Sometimes we ride to the park …………………….7 the river path, which
is beautiful. Last week we were all sitting …………………….8 a blanket
under a tree when we noticed a strange man walking …………………….9 us
…………………….10 a parrot on his shoulder.
130
Use of English
Get it right!
We say on a particular day: on Saturday, on the first day, on the same day, on
my birthday; She met Alice on her first day at her new job.
After a superlative, we use in with places and groups:
What’s the most dangerous animal in the world?
She’s the best player in the band.
But we use of for a period of time after a superlative:
This has been the best day of my life!
Yesterday was the coldest day of the year.
Practice
2 Circle the correct preposition. Low res
a There’s free entrance to the zoo at / in / on the last day of the month.
b He was silent in / for / with a long time before he answered.
c It’s probably the most expensive restaurant at / in / of Singapore.
d I think spring is the nicest time at / in / of the year.
e There were loads of people at / in / on the music festival.
f She met Alex when they were at / in / on secondary school.
g Everyone had a great time at / in / with the beach.
Challenge
3 Some of these sentences are correct and some of them have one preposition missing.
Tick (✓) the correct ones and add the missing prepositions in the correct place.
on
a They arrived in Rome very early Sunday morning when the streets were empty.
b There were only one or two people walking across Piazza del Popolo, the
largest square the city.
c Their train had arrived 7.30 a.m., but they couldn’t check in to their hotel
until midday.
d They only had just over 24 hours to see the city because they were leaving the
next morning.
e Both of them were already thinking about their journey home.
f Jose looked around hoping to see somewhere to stop a coffee.
131
8 Storytelling
Reported speech: questions and statements

Use of English
We can use the verb ask to report questions:
Low res
‘Can I come on the trip, Ellis?’ asked Irina. Irina asked Ellis
if she could come on the trip.
‘Shall I bring a torch, Joe?’ Poppy asked. Poppy asked Joe
if she should bring a torch.
‘Have you had any news?’ Alex asked Oliver. Alex asked
Oliver if he’d had any news.
We can also use the verb wonder to report questions, especially
when someone is asking themselves the question:
‘Why have the birds stopped singing?’ she wondered. She wondered why
the birds had stopped singing.
We can use the verbs tell or ask to report commands:
‘Get in the car,’ Ana said to me. ‘Don’t stop in the village.’ Ana asked me to get in the car.
She told me not to stop in the village.
Check!
Complete the rules about reported speech.
In reported statements and questions, can becomes …………………….1; shall becomes
…………………….2; the present perfect becomes the …………………….3 .
When we report commands, we use …………………….4/ ask someone +

…………………….5.
Get it right!
In reported questions, the word order is subject + verb:
She asked her friends what the book (subject) was called (verb). NOT … what
was the book called.
Low res
132
Use of English
Focus
1 Put the words in the correct order to make reported questions, statements and commands.
a to strangers / not / told / Her parents / her / to talk
…………………………………………………………….………….………
b me / if / the news / Ayesha / I’d / asked / heard
…………………………………………………………….………….………
c asleep / they’d / said / seen / My neighbour / our cat / outside the house
…………………………………………………………….………
d should / he / the parcel / The postman / leave / asked / where
…………………………………………………………….………
e Ms Cheng / in the classroom / to wait / told / the children
…………………………………………………………….………
Practice
2 Complete the reported questions.
a ‘Why are you late?’ c ‘How long did the journey take?’
The teacher asked him why Sara asked us how long
he was late
……………………. . …………………….. .
b ‘What are you cooking for dinner?’ d ‘Where have you been all afternoon?’
I asked dad what ……………………. . Mum asked Isaac where
…………………….. .
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write the dialogue in reported speech.
Alice: I went to a literature festival in the holidays.
Bashir: What did you do there?
Alice: I learnt how to write poetry.
Bashir: Can people really learn to be poets?
Alice: I’m not sure. But I enjoyed it and I’m going again.
Bashir: Shall I sign up for it too?
Alice: I don’t think so. It isn’t your kind of thing!
Bashir: Send me a link to it anyway, please. I’ll have a look at the website.
Alice said that she had been to a literature festival in the holidays. Bashir asked … .
……………….………….……………………….………….………….…………
133
8 Storytelling

brilliant Chinese danger heroes intelligence legend

similar strength terrifying treasure villains
Adventure stories succeed because of their ……………………. heroe 1

. Think of the superheroes
of modern comics and films, or Sindbad the Sailor from the Thousand and One Nights,
Robin Hood from English …………………….2 and Hua Mulan from the …………………….3
folktale. Although the stories have different plots, the heroes are …………………….4.
They all use special powers, or tricks, to succeed against powerful forces. Sindbad
meets …………………….5 monsters, but his imaginative thinking helps him escape and
bring back …………………….6. Robin Hood uses …………………….7 fighting skills to
take money from rich people and give it to people who need it. Superman pretends to
be an ordinary journalist so he can appear when needed and save the world from evil
…………………….8. Mulan pretends to be a man so that she can fight in the war instead
of her old father. And they are single-minded about their goals: saving the person in
…………………….9, winning the treasure, or fighting for justice. Sometimes they win
because of their …………………….10, like Superman, and sometimes because of their
…………………….11, like Sindbad, my favourite hero.
2 Order the next paragraph by numbering the sentences 1–6. Low res
[ ] Finally, I like the way Sindbad shares his wealth with a poor
man in his town.
[ ] Firstly, his encounters with giants and monsters are scary and
exciting because we aren’t always sure he’ll win.
[ ] In conclusion I recommend that you read Sindbad the Sailor.
[ ] On one level it’s an exciting adventure story, and on another level
it’s about the importance of the sea in the Islamic Golden Age.
[ ] Secondly, he invents ways of escaping and winning the treasure
that aren’t predictable.
[ 1 ] So why is Sinbad my favourite hero?
Challenge
3 In your notebook write about your favourite hero from a book or film.
Use phrases from Exercises 1 and 2.
134
8.8 Fiction Lowres

1 Complete the scene from Cinderella with sentences from the box. Write a–f.
Cinderella: d 1
It’s not fair. I have to stay at home and clean. …………
Fairy godmother: Hello Cinderella. …………2
Cinderella: To help me? But who are you?
Fairy godmother: …………3 Don’t be scared.
Cinderella: How are you planning to help me?
Fairy godmother: You said you wanted to go to the ball. …………4
Cinderella: But my hair’s a mess. …………5
Fairy godmother: I’ll soon sort that out. …………6
Cinderella: Oh wow! What a beautiful dress and I love the glass slippers.
a Magic, magic, change her clothes! d I wish I could go to the ball.

b I’m your fairy godmother. e Plus I’ve got nothing to wear.
c I’ve come to help you. f So I’m going to get you there.
2 Order the rest of the dialogue. Number it 1–8.

a [ ] Cinderella: Thank you. One question – how do I get to the palace?
b [ ] Cinderella: Really? What will happen if I don’t?
c [ ] Cinderella: Fantastic! My own carriage!
d [ ] Cinderella: Then I’ll definitely leave before midnight, godmother. I promise.
e [ ] Fairy godmother: At midnight the magic ends. You’ll be in your dirty
old clothes and the carriage will disappear.
f [ ] Fairy godmother: Don’t worry. There’s a carriage for you outside.
g [ ] Fairy godmother: But listen to me. You MUST leave the palace by midnight.
h [ 1 ] Fairy godmother: You look amazing.
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write a scene from a fairy tale, folk tale or myth.
You can make the scene funny or serious.
135
9 Music
9.1 My kind of music: vocabulary
1 Circle the correct music genre for each set of words.
a symphony, orchestra, Beethoven
pop folk classical
b guitar, voice, strong lyrics
drum and bass singer /songwriter opera
c African-American origin in New Orleans, piano or small group of instruments
folk dance jazz
d big sound (sometimes electronic), film, games
soundtrack rap country
e poetry, rhymes, voice
rock rap R&B
f electric guitar, singer(s), heavy beat, originated in the 1960s
rock hip-hop opera
g African-American origin (1960s), singer(s), intense feeling, strong beat
pop folk soul
2 Use the definitions and muddled letters to name the music genres.
a opera
Music from a play in which the words are sung: …………………… (peroa)
b The words are spoken not sung in this music, which is often about politics
or society: …………………… (hopphi)
c Popular dance music with a fast, strong drum rhythm and a loud bass:
…………………… (murd dan abss)
d Based on traditional music from the western and southern United States:
…………………… (trouncy)
e Modern music and songs often using the same lyrics as traditional music:
…………………… (klof)
Low res
136
9.2 Music
9.2 A portrait of a musician

1 Solve the crossword.
Across 1 2 3
1 Attracting attention because of being 4 5

very unusual. (8)
4 Group of three musicians. (4)
6 Group of musicians who play together
6
regularly. (8)
7 Talented. (6)
7
8 Make up music as you are
performing it. (9)
9 Emotionally close. (8) 8
Down
1 Adjective for something which happens 9
without planning. (11)

2 An ……… person is serious and has strong emotions. (7)
3 Musical performance by one person. (4)
5 All the music that’s available to play. (10)
2 Choose the correct word from the box to make phrases.
artist
ensemble cello gifted pop position recording special
a cello
…………………… concerto e …………………… musician
b …………………… talent f pole ……………………
c …………………… charts g small ……………………
d debut …………………… h emerging ……………………
3 Match the phrases from Exercise 2 to the meanings.

a Composition for a solo cello with e Someone who is very good at music:
orchestra: cello concerto ……………………
b First time a recording is made: f Musician who is just starting their
…………………… career: ……………………
c List of the top hits in a particular g The top place: ……………………
week: …………………… h Unusual ability: ……………………
d Musical group with just a few players:
……………………
137
9 Music
Low res
9.3 Express yourself

1 Every seventh word is missing.
Write a suitable word in each gap.
• Some will be simple words like a or the.
• There are several possibilities for some gaps.
when 1 they say that making music

Joe: I know exactly what they mean ……………………
helps ……………………2 to be yourself. I’ve been learning ……………………3 guitar recently,
and I really like ……………………4 out new chords and messing around ……………………5 see
what sort of sounds I ……………………6 make.
Zora: Do you think it’s made ……………………7 difference to you?
Joe: Definitely. I’m much ……………………8 relaxed when I’m playing the guitar.
……………………9 I find it helps to play ……………………10 a while before I do my ……………………11.
Zora: I heard a teacher saying recently ……………………12 learners were much better
prepared to ……………………13 other activities after they’d listened to ……………………14
music. And that’s definitely true for ……………………15.
2 Order the interview. Number it 1–10.

[ ] Kim: Last question! Do you try and copy anyone famous when you’re singing?
[ 1 ] Kim: Are you in the school concert this year?
[ ] Kim: I didn’t know you wrote songs.
[ ] Kim: Ari’s band? That sounds fun.
[ ] Kim: Will you feel shy singing it in front of the whole school?
[ ] Dee: It is fun! We all enjoy making music together. Plus I’ve written a song.
[ ] Dee: Not any more. I think I’ve found my own voice.
[ ] Dee: Well it’s the first song I’ve ever written!
[ ] Dee: Yes, a bit shy. But the band’s made me more confident.
[ ] Dee: Yes. I’m in Ari’s band.
Challenge
3 When do you listen to music mostly, and why?
…………………………………………........………........………........………...…
…………………………………………........………........………........………...…
138
Use of English
Use the correct verb tense

Use of English
Present simple or present continuous NOT When my dad was 16, he was playing
We use the present simple for permanent with a band.
situations and routines and the present Present perfect or simple past
continuous for things happening at the We use the present perfect with ever, never,
time of speaking: just, already, yet, so far, how long, for, since.
I usually listen to music on my way We use it to talk about actions that started
to school. in the past with a result continuing in the
Right now, Ed is listening to something present. We use the past simple to talk
on his new headphones. about a finished action in the past. We use it
with yesterday, last week / Tuesday / month,
Some verbs, e.g. sound, seem, like, love,
ago, in 2020, etc.:
prefer, need, know, want, believe, belong
are not normally used in continuous tenses. She’s lost her mobile. She left it on a bus
last week.
Past simple or past continuous
Present continuous or present perfect
We often use the past simple and past
continuous
continuous together to say that something
happened in the middle of an event. But We use the present continuous to talk about
we use the past simple to talk about an an action that is happening now. We use
event that follows another one: the present perfect continuous to talk about
an action which started in the past and has
I was watching the music awards when
been in progress up to the present. The
the fire started.
activity may have just finished or still be in
So I left the house and called the fire progress:
service.
Ssh! I’m listening to an important message
Do not use the past continuous for an on my phone.
action that happened regularly in the past:
I’ve been listening to a lot of classical
When my dad was 16, he played with music recently.
a band.
Check!
Circle the correct verbs.
a Did you ever write / Have you ever written a song?
b He is wanting / wants to sell his keyboard because he isn’t using / doesn’t use it very often.
c Hi, Kevin I’m trying / I’ve been trying to contact you all morning.
d I didn’t see / haven’t seen Lee recently but I saw / I’ve seen him twice in July.
e Maya’s in bed already. She is going / has been going to bed early recently.
139
9 Music
Focus Get it right!

1 Put the verbs in the correct tense.
Write the name of the tense. If the subject of two verbs
joined by and, but, or is the
a am trying
Please be quiet. I …………………… (try) to work. same, and it is clear to the
Present continuous
…………………… reader, we can leave out the
subject of the second verb:
b We usually …………………… (go) swimming I filled out the form and [I]
twice a week. …………………… emailed it back to her.
Jake wrote the letter but [he]
c Last week I …………………… (visit) my cousins. didn’t post it.
…………………… We can also leave out the
auxiliary of the second verb
d We …………………… (look) at the sky when we when the subject and the verb
suddenly saw a shooting star. …………………… forms are the same:
She has been going to bed
e I …………………… (already see) that film. late and [she has been]
We …………………… (watch) it last night. working too hard.
……………………, …………………… But we don’t leave out

the auxiliary if one verb is
f Please turn your phone off. You affirmative and the other is
negative:
…………………… (play) games on it all
She has been going to bed
evening. …………………… late and hasn’t been eating
properly.
Practice
2 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb
in brackets. Add a pronoun and / or auxiliary verb if it is needed.
a didn’t notice
They were talking and …………………… (not notice) the time.
b it broke
He dropped his mobile at the concert and …………………… (break).
c The whole audience stood up and …………………… (clap).
d Everyone was walking around and …………………… (chat) to their
friends.
e We’ve booked tickets for the festival, but …………………… (not / find)
anywhere to stay yet.
f Sanjit gave me his earphones so …………………… (put) them on and
…………………… (listen) for a bit but …………………… (not work)
and …………………… (give) them back to him.
140
Use of English
Challenge
3 Complete the sentences about yourself with a verb in an appropriate tense.
At the moment we …………………………… in our …………………………… class.
Sometimes when I ……………………………, I …………………………….…… .
Last week while I ………………………………………………………….……… .
The last time I …………………………………………………………..………… .
I …………………………… never …………………………….…….…………… .
I’m very tired at the moment because I …………………………….………….… .
what (= ‘the thing(s) which’)

Use of English
We can use what to mean ‘the thing / things which’.
What happened was truly unexpected.
Low res
I listened carefully to what she said.
What I believe is that music can help people to relax.
Exclamations with What a / an
We can use What a / an … when we make an exclamation.
What a beautiful sunset! What an amazing concert!
Check!
Choose the correct word.
a Tell me what / that you want and I’ll try to help.
b Do you agree with what / that he said?
c Everything what / that she said was a lie.
d What / That was fabulous! Thank you.
e What / That an awful story!
141
9 Music
Focus
1 Match the sentence beginnings to their endings.
a What a difference 1 what needs to be done.
b I’ve already told you 2 on what Lee says.
c What we need 3 the sun makes!
d What people say 4 isn’t always what they do.
e Everything depends 5 is change.
Practice
2 Are these uses of what’s correct? Put a tick (✓) by Get it right!
correct sentences and correct those which are wrong.
We can shorten what is or
a I opened the window to see what’s going
what has to what’s:
on outside.
I can’t see what’s (= what is) in
the box.
b You have to focus on what’s important to you.
We know what’s (= what has)
happened.
c No one seemed to know what’s happening.
But what was always needs to
d What’s most difficult when we went camping was be written in full:
putting up the tent in the wind. I couldn’t see what was in the
box. NOT I couldn’t see what’s
e Let’s look at the news and see what’s been in the box.
happening in the world.
f In the dark we couldn’t see what’s moving through the grass.
Challenge
3 The word what is missing from each of these sentences. Add it in the correct place.
What
a I enjoyed most about the concert was the atmosphere.
b Let me explain a little bit about we do here.
c You know? Even professional musicians get nervous.
d He doesn’t plan he’s going to say to the audience between songs.
e I like about the choir is that everyone’s so friendly.
f You can choose you want to play as long as it’s a happy tune.
142
9.4 Think about it
9.4 I like it because … Low res
1 Write the words for the performers who play these instruments.
Low res
c ……………………
a ……………………
Low res Low res
b …………………… d ……………………
2 Put the letters in the correct order and write the words for different kinds of music.
a …………………… (mustlatrinen) c …………………… (aclov)

b …………………… (charlstore) d …………………… (halroc)
choral drums instruments lively

melody orchestral performers pianist
rhythm tempo vocal
Prforers
…………………… 1
from the International School held a concert last night.
We asked some of the audience for their reactions.
‘I liked the ……………………2 music. Just a solo voice singing a beautiful
……………………3 in a slow ……………………4. It made me feel sad, but in a
good way!’ Liang
‘The ……………………5 piece was impressive. I didn’t know our students could
play so many different ……………………6. But it was 15 minutes long which was
too much.’ Subodh
‘What I liked was the pop band with guitars and ……………………7. It had a
strong ……………………8 and made me want to dance.’ Haroun
‘The best part was the ……………………9 music at the end. Everyone sang,
accompanied by the ……………………10. It made me imagine the whole world
working together.’ Aike
143
9 Music
9.5 A universal language

analysing data data developing

participants researchers statistics studies
Statistics
…………………… 1
involves studying and ……………………2 collected
information, which is called ……………………3. In medicine, for
example, controlled experiments on patients allow ……………………4 to
analyse the effects of different drugs. The ……………………5 collected
from the ……………………6 is used to identify which drugs work
against certain illnesses. These ……………………7 can be very helpful in
……………………8 effective medicine.

A recent data / study 1 on sleep at the University of Glasgow included 12,000
researchers / participants 2, all teenagers. Data / Media 3 was linked / analysed 4 and
it was found that increased use of social media was linked / discovered 5 to worse
sleep. Researchers / Teachers 6 found that girls spent more time using social media
than boys. Participants / Data 7 showed that heavier social media use (more than
three hours one / per day 8) was linked / analysed 9 to later times of falling asleep at
night and waking in the morning, and more difficulty / difficult 10 getting back to
sleep after waking in the night.

a The …………………… (ifnucont) of the heart is to pump blood
through the body.
Low res
b This article is full of mistakes. It isn’t …………………… (cutarace).
c The message of the book is that love …………………… (scantnedrs)
everything.
d There is great …………………… (ysitervid) of wildlife in
this region.
e We have analysed the climate data and discovered a
…………………… (tranpet).
144
9.6 Talk about it
9.6 You are what you listen to

1 Complete the dialogue with words from the box.
both course mean make music

reach sounds suppose sure wonder
wonder
Bao: I …………………… 1
what this means. ‘Music is the poetry of the air.’
Low res
Zain: Wow! Did you just ……………………2 that up?
Bao: No, of ……………………3 not! I found it online. It could be useful for
our article.
Zain: It ……………………4 very deep. I ……………………5 it means that music is
similar to poetry.
Bao: You ……………………6 because they ……………………7 speak about feelings?
Zain: Yes, but I’m not ……………………8 about ‘of the air’.
Bao: Well I suppose poetry uses words to ……………………9 us but … .
Zain: But ……………………10 comes to us through the air?
Bao: Something like that!
2 Order the dialogue. Number it 1–9.

[ ] Alana: Well, what I find really helpful when I’m feeling low is to go for a run.
[ ] Alana: I suppose it means that if you aren’t feeling happy, music will make you feel better.
[ 1 ] Alana: I’ve found a site with quotes about music.
[ ] Alana: It can help me sometimes, but not always.
[ ] Alana: Well here’s quite an easy one. ‘Music is the medicine of the mind.’
[ ] Dalil: And do you think that’s true?
[ ] Dalil: So what do you find the most helpful thing for lifting your mood?
[ ] Dalil: That sounds interesting. Tell me some of them.
[ ] Dalil: What do you think that means?
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write a dialogue about this epigram.
‘Without music, life is a desert.’
145
9 Music
Participle clauses
Use of English
Participle clauses are similar to relative clauses but they’re shorter and less formal.
These sentences use the present participle (-ing form):
There are some people making a terrible noise in the street.
There are some people who are making a terrible noise in the street.
It sounded like cars crashing.
It sounded like cars which were crashing.
Did you see that girl waiting for the bus?
Did you see that girl who was waiting for the bus?
Check! Low res

Correct any incorrect sentences by deleting which / who.
a Can you get me the book which lying on the sofa?
b Do you know the guy who is playing the guitar?
c Jake watched his friends who were running across the field.
d We listened to the choir which singing out of tune.
e What is that instrument which is standing in the hall?
Focus
1 Complete the sentences with the present participle of a verb from the box.
cry hold live ring sit stop study
a ringing.
She was woken up by her phone …………………….
b I’ve got a friend ……………………. medicine in the USA.
c I don’t think there’s anybody ……………………. in that apartment.
d We saw a car ……………………. outside the school.
e There was a child ……………………. on the bench

……………………. for her mummy.
f The suitcase ……………………. all my things suddenly fell open.
146
Use of English

2 Rewrite the two sentences as one sentence using a
participle clause. We can use participle clauses
to talk about past and present
a There was a really tall man. He was sitting right situations.
in front of me.
Present: I can see lots of
……………………………………………………… people swimming in the
b You can hear birds in the trees. They’re singing. sea. = I can see lots of people
who are swimming in the sea.
………………………………………………………
Past: There were hundreds of
c There were lots of cars. They were honking people queuing for tickets.
their horns. = There were hundreds of
……………………………………………………… people who were queuing
for tickets.
s d Sometimes at night you hear dogs.
They’re barking.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
e The park was full of young people. They were singing and dancing.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
f I looked up and saw a small plane. It was flying overhead.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Challenge
3 Complete the text with the correct form of a suitable verb.
walking
At the start of the film, you see a young couple ……………………. 1
through a park
…………………….2 hands. The sun’s shining and there are
families …………………….3 on the grass …………………….4
picnics. Everything looks perfect, but there’s music Low res
…………………….5 in the background that tells you

something bad is about to happen. Then you hear a sound
like trees …………………….6 to the ground and suddenly the
scene changes. You can see the ground …………………….7
and there are people …………………….8 in all directions.
147
9 Music
Questions
Use of English
We can make a question sound more polite by using a phrase like Do you know … ?
Could you tell me … ? I wonder … to introduce it: Who is the composer? Do you know
who the composer is? Could you tell me when this music was written? I wonder if you
could lend me your earphones.
We can also ask for an opinion by including do you think in our question: When do you
think this music was composed? Do you think this music was written in this century?
We can’t use if after questions with do you think…: Do you think if this music is good.
Check!
Circle the correct verb forms.
a I’m not sure why did he say / he said that.
b Do you think is this / if this is / this is useful?
c I wonder what the message is / is the message?
d Do you know when was this written / this was written?
Focus
1 Match the beginnings to the endings.
a Can you tell me how 1 when the gig starts?
b How 2 does the gig start?
c I wonder what 3 has everyone gone?
d Do you know 4 the story ends?
e I wonder where 5 did they buy for her?
f When 6 they bought for her.
g Where 7 everyone has gone.
h What 8 does the story end?
Practice
2 Choose the correct option to complete the questions.
a I’d like to know where I can buy tickets / can I buy tickets.
b Could you let me know what time you’re arriving / are you arriving?
c Do you have any idea where is the information desk / the information desk is?
148
Use of English
d I’d love to know when these photos were

Get it right!
taken / were these photos taken.
e Could you send me more details about When we introduce questions with
what do I need to bring / I need to bring? phrases like Could you tell me and Do
you know, the word order changes.
3 Rewrite the questions with the given question
What is that instrument?
introductions.
a Who do I need to speak to about Could you tell me what that instrument is?
joining the choir?
who I need to speak to about joining the choir?
Do you know ………………………………………………………......................................
b How many people can I bring to the concert?
Could you tell me ………………………………………………………................................
c When does the concert end?
Have you any idea ………………………………………………………...............................
d Why did Eva leave early?
I wonder ………………………………………………………..............................................
e Is the website working now?
Do you think ……………………………………………………….......................................
f What has happened to the drummer?
……………………. do you think …………………….
Challenge
4 Complete the dialogue with questions starting with Do you know … /
Could you tell me … / Do you think …
a Do you know where the Galaxy Gallery is?
It’s straight down King Street.
b ……………………………………………………….............................................................
It’ll take you about 15 minutes on foot.
c ……………………………………………………….............................................................
No, there isn’t a bus.
d ……………………………………………………….............................................................
I think it stays open until six.
e ……………………………………………………….............................................................
It opened about six months ago.
f ……………………………………………………….............................................................
Yes, it’s definitely worth visiting.
149
9 Music

1 Correct the punctuation.
a ive got a few hobbies photographys my main one
I’ve got a fw hobbs. Photography’s y ain one.
………….............................................................
b I use famous artists ideas; picassos portraits have taught me a lot.
……………………………………………………….............................................................
c reading takes me into a different world my favourite books are the harry potter
series by jk rowling
……………………………………………………….............................................................
……………………………………………………….............................................................
d sports my passion it always makes me feel better I do all kinds of sport athletics
swimming tennis and football
……………………………………………………….............................................................
……………………………………………………….............................................................
2 Complete the account with the correct words from the box.
always because by favourite for making ideas

I’m life or photos things which
life Low res

Art is a massive part of my …………………… 1
. I’ve always enjoyed drawing
and I …………………… take a sketchbook and pencil with me when I
2
go out ……………………3 I might see something ……………………4

someone I want to draw. For me art is lots of ……………………5:
drawing, painting, photography and collage, ……………………6 means
making pictures ……………………7 sticking different material together,
……………………8 example newspaper, ……………………9 and cloth.
My three ……………………10 artists are Rembrandt, Van Gogh and Picasso.
I love going to art galleries because I often get new ……………………11
from the artists’ work. When I’m looking at art or ……………………12 art, I
lose myself. I don’t notice the time; ……………………13 completely focused.
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write an account of something which is important to you. It could
be family, friends, sport, music or something else. Be careful with your punctuation!
150
9.8 Autobiography
busy checking decisions get organise qualified

team senior starting trying typical who
A day in the life of a junior doctor Low res
qualifed 1 a year ago. Every day is a

My name’s Talia and I ……………………
……………………2 day for me. I ……………………3 to hospital by 8.15
and start the ward round with a ……………………4 of doctors and the
……………………5 nurse. We see every patient ……………………6 with the
sickest. The senior doctor asks questions and makes ……………………7. I
make notes quickly while ……………………8 to keep my handwriting neat!
After the ward round I ……………………9 a scan for our newest patient. My
other jobs on a ……………………10 day include examining patients, taking
blood, prescribing medication, ……………………11 blood results and ordering
more tests for patients ……………………12 need them.
2 Order the rest of the account. Number the sentences 1–8.

[ ] A patient’s heart has stopped.
[ ] At 2.30 the alarm goes.
[ ] At 4.15 the nurse tells me a patient has developed a high temperature.
[ ] I examine him, take blood and send him for an x-ray.
[ ] I love my job because I work with a great team and meet new people every day.
[ ] My shift ends at 6.30 but I can’t leave on time today.
[8] My work is incredibly tiring and sometimes sad, but it’s never boring.
[ ] The ‘crash team’ arrives and we manage to start her heart again.
Challenge
3 In your notebook, write ‘A day in the life of …’ anyone you want to be.
It could be a real person or an imagined person. Write about 200 words. Start like this:
My name’s … and I …
151

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Cambridge

Second edition Digital access

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

NOTICE TO TEACHERS IN THE UK

5 Natural resources 7.4 Creating and performing 111

7 Historical figures 9.4 I like it because … 143

How to use this book

Use the Cambridge Learner Corpus Get it right!

carton bar can bottle slice

There are opportunities to practise yourbgrammar on the Useofof

Practice: These grammar

1.2 Teach yourself Tok Pisin 1

7 The number of people living in

become the mother language. (6)

11 Group of people living in a

1.3 It’s good to learn languages

Do you think it is useful to know / knowing1 another language?

2 Replace the underlined words with words from Exercise 1.

Question words who, what, whose and which

Question words As subject As object

-ing forms as subjects and objects

be get improve learn listen to make watch work out use

Practice Get it right!

4 Write sentences about yourself using an -ing form.

1.4 Do you speak emoji?

look face mouth cheeks eyebrows up

a open mouth …………………… d raised ……………………

2 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

crying winking joking laughing pointing puzzled rolling smiling

3 Complete the dialogue with an appropriate word.

1.5 Beyond words

gesture c The way your body shows your feelings ……………………

greeting d The habits, traditions and beliefs of a society or group

3 Circle the correct option in each sentence.

2 Choose the correct idiom to complete each response.

a Ali: Is Jordan always punctual? e Tariq: Do you like this game?

Kim: Terrible. ……………………...... f Jung: How was the camping?

s ……………………………………..… . Zara: ……………………………….....

and I ………………………………2 (enjoy) walking near the

b Hiya Ben. We ………………………………4 (play)

c Happy birthday from Newquay. We ………………………………6 (think)

a fluen………… d kind………… g embarrass…………

Noun fun truth happiness luck surprise confidence

2 Choose the best word to complete the sentences.

‘Then I think you should take her …………………….’

‘Yes, I don’t want to spend my whole …………………… in

1.7 Improve your writing Low res

1 Circle the correct words in the first paragraph of an email

There was a young woman from Cork

She made a real mess

There once was a brave little goat

again dark drew ﬂower grab it habit jewel park

Dad: Here’s the shopping list.

2.2 Why is an egg egg-shaped?

2 Write the adjectives. Low res

noun adjective noun adjective

3 Answer the quiz questions.

b If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape does it become? ……….………….…

c If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape does it become? ……….…………....

d If this net is folded, what 3-dimensional shape, does it become? ……….…..

e How many cubes are there in this shape? ……….………….…….…………………..

2.3 Design classics

The original of these were a ……………………type 1

originated in Japan, where they’re …………………… 3 ‘zori’.

5 Natural resources 7.4 Creating and performing 111

7 Historical figures 9.4 I like it because … 143