2016.11 International Questions-Unlocked

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R ea d i ng Test
65 MINUTES, 52 QUESTIONS
Turn to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section.
DIRECTIONS
Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions.

After reading each passage or pair, choose the best answer to each question
based on what is stated or implied in the passage or passages and in any
accompanying graphics (such as a table or graph).
Questions 1-10 are based on the following loved to read near the pounding surf, but the
passage. sad fact is that many places on this Earth offer
This passage is adapted from Elizabeth Gilbert 25 better reading environments than wet, barnacle-
Stern Men. ©2000 by Elizabeth Gilbert. Ruth covered rocks. When Ruth was away from Fort
Thomas spent her childhood on Fort Niles Niles, the island became endowed with the
Island with her father and now, as a teenager, characteristics of a distant paradise, but when
attends a boarding school arranged for by her she returned to it, she found her home cold and
mother. 30 damp and windy and uncomfortable.
Still, whenever she was on Fort Niles, Ruth
It was Ruth Thomas’s firm position that wrote letters to her mother, saying, “Finally I
belonged nowhere but on Fort Niles Island. can breathe again!”
This was the position she took with her mother: More than anything, Ruth’s passion for
Line she was truly happy only on Fort Niles; Fort 35 Fort Niles an expression of protest. It was
5 Niles was in her and soul; and the only people her resistance Against those who would send
who understood her were the residents of Fort her away, supposedly for her own good. Ruth
Niles Island. None of this, it must be said, was would have much preferred to determine what
entirely true. was good for her. She had great confidence that
It was important to Ruth in principle that 40 she knew herself best and that, given free rein,
10 she feel happy on Fort Niles, although, for the would have made more correct choices. She
part, she was pretty bored there. She missed the certainly wouldn’t have elected to send herself
island when she was away from it, hut when to an elite private school hundreds of miles
she returned, she immediately found herself at away, where girls were concerned primarily
a loss for diversion. She made a point of taking 45 with the care of their skin and horses. No
15 a long walk around the shoreline the minute horses for Ruth, thank you. She was not that
she came home (“I’ve been thinking about this kind of girl. She was more rugged. It was boats
all year!”she would say), but the walk took only that Ruth loved, or so she constantly said. It
a few hours, and what did she think about on was Fort Niles Island that Ruth loved. It was
that walk? Not much. There was a seagull;there 50 fishing that Ruth loved.
20 was a seal; there was another seagull. The In truth, Ruth had spent time working
scenery to her as her bedroom ceiling.She took with her father on his lobster boat, and it had
books down to the shore, claiming that she never been a terrific experience. She was strong
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 2 CONTINUE

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enough to do the work, but the monotony killed 2
55 her. Working as a sternman meant standing in
the back of the boat, hauling up traps, picking The passage as a whole presents Ruth as the
out lobsters, baiting traps and shoving them type of person who
back in the water, and hauling up more traps. A) realizes clearly what she really likes in life.
And more traps and more traps. It meant B) prefers to live in a close-knit community.
getting up before dawn and eating sandwiches C) greatly enjoys spending time in nature.
60
for breakfast and lunch. It meant seeing the D) prizes independence and selfdetermination.
same scenery again and again, day after day,
and rarely venturing more than two miles from
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shore. It meant spending hour upon hour alone
65 with her father on a small boat, where the two
Which choice provides the best evidence in
of them never seemed to get along.
support the idea that Ruth idealized her life on
On one of their early trips, Ruth warned
the island?
her father about a barrel drifting up on his "port
A) Lines 11-17 (“She…say”)
side,"and he laughed in her face.
B) Lines 19-20 (“There…another seagull”)
70 “Port side?” he said “This isn’t the Navy,
C) Lines 26-30 (“When ... uncomfortable”)
Ruth. You don't need to worry about port
D) Lines 45-47 (“No horses…rugged”)
and starboard. The only direction you need to
worry about is staying out of my way.”
Ruth seemed to get on his nerves even when 4
75 she wasn’t trying to, although sometimes she
did so on purpose, just to pass the time. In line 21, the reference to Ruth’s bedroom
ceiling supports the narrator’s claim that Ruth
found the island
A) hospitable and welcoming.
1 B) domestic and cozy.
C) unpretentious and authentic.
Which of the following statements best D) predictable and unexciting.
described therole of the narrator in the passage?
A) The narrator reports Ruth’s ideas without
judgment or evaluation. 5
B) The narrator relates Ruth’s thoughts and
demonstrates their inconsistencies. As used in line 34, "passion" most nearly means
C) The narrator reveals how Ruth appears to A) agitation.
the people around her. B) anger.
D) The narrator compares Ruth as a teenager C) vulnerability.
to Ruth as a child. D) enthusiasm.

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According to the narrator, Ruth insists to her The passage indicates that Ruth’s assertion mat
mother that she loves Fort Niles primarily in she lovesfishing is a
order to A) contradiction of her actualdisdain for her
A) show her displeasure with decisions made father’s failure at lobstering.
on her behalf. B) suggestion of her inability to get along with
B) prevent unwanted intrusion into her social her father while
life. C) misrepresentationof her feelings while
C) criticize her mother for her conventionality. working on her father s boat.
D) test the limits of established parental D) concealment of her sentimentality about
authority. working together with her father.
7 10
It can reasonably be inferred that in comparison The pattern of starting three consecutive
to the girls at her school, Ruth sees herself as sentences with “It meant...” in lines 61-66
less mainly has the effect of
A) accomplished and intimidating. A) imitating the frequency of Ruth's
B) inquisitive and annoying. complaints to her father.
C) naive and athletic. B) disrupting the predictable sequence of
D) superficial and pampered. night, dawn, and daytime.
C) emphasizing the repetitiveness in Ruth's
days spent fishing.
8 D) representing the physical stamina required
to work on a fishing boat.
Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 41-45 (“She ... and horses”)
B) Lines 47-48 (“It was ... said”)
C) Lines 51-53 (“In truth... experienced”)
D) Lines 59-61 (“It meant... lunch”)

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Questions 11-21 are based on the following the opponents, lest they weaken their bargaining
passage and supplementary material. positions. Following the subsequent negotiation,
This passage is adapted from Joshua Greene, 45 the subjects were paid real in proportion to the
Moral Tribes.©2013 by Joshua D. Greene. size of the settlement, with the plaintiff subject
getting more money for a settlement and the
In 1995, a U.S. News & World Report survey defendant subject gettingmore money for a
posed the following question to readers; “If smaller one. The settlement could be anywhere
someone sues you and you win the case, should 50 from $ 0 to $ 100,000. The pars negotiated for
Line he pay your legal costs?" Eighty-five percent of thirty minutes, with their negotiation divided into
5 respondents said yes. Others got this question: six five-minute periods. Both subjects lost money
"If you sue someone and lose the case, should in “court costs” as the clock ticked, and failure to
you pay his costs?" This time, only 44 percent agree after thirty minutes resulted in an additional
said yes. As this turnabout illustrates, ones sense 55 financial penalty tor both negotiators.
of fairness is easily tainted by self-interest, this On average, the plaintiffs’ about the judge's
10 is considered biased fairness, rather than simple award were about $15,000 higher than those of
bias, because people are genuinely motivated to the defendants, and the defendants, and the bigger
be fair. Suppose the magazine had posed both the discrepancy between the two guesses, the
versions of the question simultaneously. Few 60 worse the negotiation went. In other words, the
respondents would have said, “The loser should subjects’perceptions of reality were distorted by
15 pay if I'm the winner, but the winner should pay self-interest.What's more,these distortions played
if I'm the loser.” We genuinely want to be fair, a big role in the negotiation. Pairs with relatively
but in most disputes there is a range of options small discrepancies failed to agree only 3 percent
that might be seen as fair, and we tend to favor 65 of the time, while the negotiation pairs with
the ones that suit us best. Many experiments a relatively large discrepancies failed to agree 30
20 have documented this tendency in the lab. The percent of the time. In a different version of the
title of a Dutch paper nicely summarizes the drift experiment, the negotiators didn’t know which
of these findings: “Performance-based pay is fair, side they would be on until after they made they
particularly when I perform better.” 70 made their guesses about the judge’s settlement.
A series of negotiation experiments by Linda This dropped the overall percentage of negotiators
25 Babcock, George Lowenstein, and colleague who failed to agree from M percent to 6 percent.
illuminates the underlying psychology of biased These experiments reveal that people are
fairness. In some of these experiments, pairs biased negotiators, but,more important,they
of people negotiated over a settlement for a 75 reveal that their biases arc unconscious.
motorcyclist who had been hit by a car. The Plaintiffs guessed high about the judge’s award,
30 details of the hypothetical case were based on and defendants guessed low, but they weren't
a real case that by a judge in Texas. At the start consciously inflating or deflating their guesses.
of the experiment, the subjects were randomly (Once again, they had financial incentives to guess
assigned to their roles as plaintiff and defendant. 80 accurately.) Rather, it seems that knowing which
Before negotiating, they separately read twenty- side of a dispute you're on unconsciously changes
35 seven pages of material about the case, including your thinking about what's fair. It changes the
witness testimony maps, police reports, and the way you process the information. In a related
testimonies of real defendant and plaintiff. After experiment, the researchers found that people
reading this material, they were asked to guess 85 were better able to remember pretrial material
what the real judge had awarded the plaintiff, and that supported their side. These unconsciously
40 they did this knowing which side they would be biased perceptions of fairness make it harder for
on. They were given a financial incentive to guess otherwise reasonable people to reach agreements,
accurately,and their guesses were not revealed to often to the detriment of both sides.

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Settlement Rates and Amounts by Condition 13
Average As used in line 12, “fair” most nearly means

number of A) pleasing.
negotiation Mean B) adequate.
Settlement periods to settlement
C) equitable.
Condition rate settle amount
D) legitimate.
Subjects knew
their roles(n=47) 72% 3.75 $29,970
Subjects did 14
not know their 94% 2.51 $36,762
roles(n=47) As used in line 17,“range” most nearly means
n=number of subjects A) series.
B) distance.
C) sum.
11
D) region.
In the passage the author implies that the survey

by U.S. News and World Report would likely
15
have produced different results had it
A) been distributed Lo a different group of
readers. It can reasonably be inferred that the negotiation
B) proceeded from the assumption that people experiments the second paragraph (lines 24-54)
consciously act out of self-interest. were designed such a way that subjects
C) discussed similar legal cases that occurred in A) had little incentive to study the background
states other than Texas material on the real case.
D) framed the question in a manner that made a B) felt pressured to use dishonest means to reach
moral issue apparent. settlement quickly.
C) lacked key pieces of information when
negotiations began.
D) had a compelling reason to estimate the
judge’saward correctly.
12
16
answer to the previous question? Which choice provides the best evidence for the
A) Lines 1-5 (“In 1993 ...yes") answer previous question?
B) Lines 7-12 (“This time ... motivated to be fair”) A) Lines 29-31 (“The details...Texas”)
C) Lines 12 -16 ("Suppose ... want to be fair") B) Lines 31-33 (“Atthe...defendant”)
D) Lines 17-19 (“In most... best”) C) Lines 37-41 (“After...on”)
D) Lines 41-42 (“They...accurately”)

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The passage indicates that the difference between The table best supports which conclusion about
the earlier negotiators and the negotiators the negotiations in which subjects knew their
participating in the “different version” (line 67) of roles?
the study is that the latter were A) These negotiations resulted in higher mean
A) given financial incentives to settle. settlement amounts than did negotiations in
B) less motivated by self-interest. which subjects did not know their roles.
C) never told the amount of the judges settlement. B) These negotiation required more time to settle
D) more fully aware of their biases. than did negotiation in which subjects did not
know their roles.
C) Less than half of these negotiations
18 actually reached a settlement.
D) None of these negotiations took longer than
The parenthetical comment in lines 79-80 mainly four negotiation periods to settle.
serves to
A) reiterate that the participants wanted to be fair.
21
B) highlight the nature of the participants,
motivation.
Taken together, the table and the passage support
C) suggest that the results of the studies were
the
questionable.
A) settlement rates and the settlement amounts
D) indicate a factor that can make participants
appear to vary in random and unpredictable
behave aggressively.
ways.
B) the more self-interested that negotiators are,
the more motivated they will be to settle
19 quickly.
C) there is a strong positive relationship between
Data in the table best support which conclusion productive settlement negotiation and the
about the mean settlement amounts awarded in absence of bias.
the experiments? D) spending more time in settlement negotiations
A) A higher mean settlement amount generally generally leads to more enduring settlements.
meant that negotiators had difficulty reaching
an agreement.
B) Mean settlement amounts were largely
unrelated to whether or not subjects knew
their roles.
C) When unconscious bias was minimized,
mean settlement amounts were higher.
D) As unconscious bias was reduced, both mean
settlement amounts and rates decreased.

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Questions 22-32 are based on the following from atoms with prescribed interactions, and
passage. calculate the friction force directly. But previous
attempts at this found that the two surfaces
Passage 1 is adapted from David A- Kessler. “A 40 ride freely on top of each other because of the
New Crack at Friction.© 2001 by Macmillan mismatch between the asperities on the two
Magazines Ltd Passage 2 is adapted from Peter surfaces, so there is no friction.
Weiss, “Model May Expose How Friction Lets One solution to this problem, suggested
Loose." ©2001 by Society for Science & the by Muser, Wenning and Robbins, attributes a
Public. 45 crucial role to dirt - the diffuse collection of
foreign mobile atoms trapped between the two
Passage 1 surfaces. According to the authors’ numerical
Friction is a ubiquitous feature of everyday simulations, these mobile atoms quickly find
life. Without it, we couldn’t walk, tires “wouldn’t appropriate gaps between the surfaces where
roll, and ballpoint pens would fail to write. But 50 they become trapped.These atoms then “lock”
Line what is friction, and how does it act? the two surfaces in place.To move the top
5 The basic properties are simple to grasp. To surface, it has to be pushed up and over the dirt
move a solid object from rest on top of a solid atoms, the force required being proportional
surface, a minimum force has to be applied to to the weight of the top body. Furthermore,
overcome the force of friction. This force is 55 the calculated force is seen to be essentially
proportional to the compressive force pushing independent of the apparent contact area.
10 the two surfaces together, in this case the weight
of the object. Intriguingly, this minimum force Passage 2
is independent of the area of contact between Now, two physicists have modeled surface
the bodyand the surface. So the friction force slippage-friction's retreat-as bands of atoms in
on a rectangular solid resting on a table is the the top surface momentarily leaping up from
15 same whichever face is in contact with the 60 the underlying surface. Millions of such ripples
surface. These laws have been known since the propagate simultaneously along the interface
mid 1700s. It is one of the dirty little secrets when, for instance a book slides on a table, they
of physics that while we physicists can tell you say.
a lot about quarks, quasars and other exotica, For years, physicists have tried to explain
20 there is still no universally accepted explanation 65 this large-scale behavior in terms of atomic-
ofthe basic laws of friction. scale events. They’ve had some success by
The standard picture of friction is that the portraying surfaces as jagged on an atomic
solid surfaces are not really planar, but are scale. That way, very little material actually
rough on a microscopic scale. The presence of touches. However, scientists still struggle to
25 these tiny surface features,or asperities as they 70 explain why protrusions from two surfaces
are known, prevents the surfaces from coming would stick together at all.
into full contact. So the true contact area is There’s incentive to find out. A better
much smaller than its apparent value, and is understanding of friction could improve
proportion to the compressive force between scientists' grasp of countless phenomena,
30 the surfaces, in much the same way that the 75 such as engine performance and tool wear.
contactarea between a car tire and the road Moreover, friction is particularly vexing for
increases when you load your car. Problems developers of micromachines.
have arisen when physicists tried to confirm this In the new mathematical model, Eric Gerde
picture using calculation from first principle. and Michael P. Marder build upon the physics
35 The goal is to construct, either analytically 80 of how cracks form and propagate through
or on the computer, a solid body and surface solids. Think of a bump in a rug, says Marder.

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As people know fromeveryday experience, 23
pushing such bumps along can move a big rug
over a floor. According to Passage 1, what is the current
85 Something similar may be happening at the state ofscientists’understanding of friction?
atomic scale between sliding surfaces. Mardcr A) Friction’s strength can be calculated by
says that the combination of downward and computer programs based on the standard
sideways forces on an object sliding along an theory of friction.
underlying surface can translate into upward B) Friction between rough surfaces is better
90 forces that open “cracks” at the interface, akin to understood than friction between smooth
bumps in a rug. These cracks amount to a series surfaces.
of arches, each a few atomic diameters across. C) Friction between clean surfaces is better
As these waves of separation advance along understood than friction between dirty
the interface, the overlying surface comes back surfaces.
95 down behind each wave and reconnects with D) Frictions properties are familiar, but its
the surface below. A plus for this hypothesis is explanation remains elusive.
that it predicts the simple relationship between
compressive forces, like weight, and frictional
forces. Yet it doesn’t require the surfaces to be 24
100 rough on an atomic scale, as previous models
do. Which choice provides the best evidence for the
answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 17 -21 (“It is …friction”)
22
B) Lines 22-24 (“The standard ...scale”)
C) Lines 35-38 (“The goal...directly”)
D) Lines 51-54 (“To move…body”)
As used in lines 12 and 56, “independent of ”
most nearly means
A) affiliated with.
B) proportional to. 25
C) caused by.
D) unrelated to. As used in line 37,“prescribed” most nearly
means
A) approximated.
B) given.
C) written.
D) recommended.

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26 28
According to Passage 2, friction especially Which choice provides the best evidence for the
affects the making of answer to the previous question?
A) small machines. A) Lines 69-71 (“However... all”)
B) automobileengines. B) Lines 76-77 (“Moreover…micromachines”)
C) high-speedtools. C) Lines 82-84 (“As people... floor”)
D) floor coverings. D) Lines 96-99 (“A plus ... frictional forces”)
27
29
In the proposed friction model of Passage 2,

Which choice best describes the perspective of
how do thetwo surfaces differ?
theauthor of Passage 2 on models of friction?
A) The overlying surface remains intact, while
A) Describing today’s models of friction in
the underlying surface cracks.
terms of everyday experiences is difficult.
B) The overlying surfaces protrusions are
B) Given physicists’ ability to explain other
stickier than the underlying surfaces
phenomena, their models of friction should
protrusions.
be more successful.
C) The overlying surface deforms, while the
C) Models that do not depend on atomic - scale
underlying surface remains rigid.
surface roughness are preferable to those
D) The overlying surface is smooth, but the
that do.
underlying surface is rough.
D) Frictions observed properties are not
described by models that consider the
behavior of atoms at the interface.

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30 31
What is a difference between the structures of

According to Passage 1, what is the precise
the twopassages?
nature of the “simple relationship” mentioned
A) Passage 1 concludes with a brief comparison
in line of Passage 2?
of a proposed models’ predictions to
A) Frictional forces are proportional to
experimental results, while Passage 2
compressive forces.
concludes by describing thenmathematical
B) Frictional forces are weaker than
structure of a proposed model.
compressive forces.
B) Passage 1 focuses on the scientific principles
C) Frictional forces are simulated from
behind friction, while Passage 2 focuses on
compressive forces.
situations in which friction plays in
D) Frictional forces are Jess common than
important role.
compressive forces.
C) Passage 1 describes theories, while Passage2
describes attempts to repudiate those
theories. 32
D) Passage 1 places greater emphasis or the
conventional model of friction, while Which of the following statements correctly
Passage2 places greater emphasis on a compares the passages’use of analogies?
proposed model offriction. A) The author of Passage 1 uses an analogy to
explain the conventional model of friction,
while the author of Passage 2 uses an
analogy to explain a new model of friction.
B) The author of Passage 1 uses an analogy to
explain different fields of physics, while the
author of Passage 2 uses an analogy to
explain industrial uses of friction.
C) The author of Passage 1 uses an analogy to
explain industrial uses of friction, while the
author of Passage 2 uses an analogy to
explain the shape of the sliding surface.
D) The author of Passage 1 uses an analogy to
explain the shape of the sliding surface,
while the author of Passage 2 uses an
analogy to explain the conventional model
of friction.

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Questions 33-42 are based on the following freedom with blood, while the grass grew in the
passage. 45 desolated halls of justice.
This passage is adapted from a speech delivered We contemplate those principles with
in 1795 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In the horror. Yet they possess a kind of wild justice
speech, Coleridge, an English poet, discusses the well calculated to spread them among the
French Revolution, which began in 1789. grossly ignorant. To unenlightened minds, there
Revolutions are sudden to the unthinking 50 are terrible charms in the idea of retribution,
only. Strange rumblings and confused noises however savagely it be inculcated.The groans of
still precede these earthquakes and hurricanes the oppressors make fearful yet pleasant music to
Line of the moral world. The process of revolution in the ear of him, whose mind is darkness, and into
5 France has been dreadful, and should incite us whose soul the iron has entered....
to examine with an anxious eye the motives and 55 There is a third class among the friends
manners of those, whose conduct and opinions of freedom, who possess not the wavering
seem calculated to forward a similar event in character of the first description, nor the ferocity
our own country. The oppositionists to “things last delineated. They pursue the interests of
10 as they are,” are divided into many and different freedom steadily, but with narrow and self-
classes. To delineate them with an unflattering 60 centering views: they anticipate with exultation
accuracy may be a delicate, but it is a necessary, the abolition of privileged orders, and of acts
task, in order that we may enlighten, or at least be that persecute by exclusion from the right of
aware of, the misguided men who have enlisted citizenship. Whatever is above them they are
15 under the banners of liberty, from no principles most willing to drag down; but every proposed
or with bad ones… 65 alteration that would elevate their poorer
The first class among the professed friends of brethren, they rank among the dreams of the
liberty is composed of men, who unaccustomed visionaries; as if there were any thing in the
to the labor of thorough investigation, and not superiority of Lord to Gentleman, so mortifying
20 particularly oppressed by the burthens of state, in the harrier, so fatal to happiness in the
are yet impelled by their feelings to disapprove 70 consequences, as the more real distinction of
of its grosser depravities, and prepared to give master and servant, of rich man and of poor.
an indolent vote in favor of reform. Their Wherein am I made worse by my ennobled
sensibilities not braced by the cooperation of neighbor? Do the childish titles of Aristocracy
25 fixed principles, they offer no sacrifices to the detract from my domestic comforts, or
divinity of active virtue. Their political opinions 75 prevent my intellectual acquisitions? But those
depend with weather-cock uncertainty on the institutions of society which should condemn
winds of rumour, that blow from France. On me to the necessity of twelve hours daily toil,
the report of French victories they blaze into would maketo the necessity of twelve hours
30 republicanism, at a tale of French excesses they daily toil, would make my soul a slave, and
darken into aristocrats. These dough baked 80 sink the rational being into the mere animal. It
patriots are not however useless. This oscillation is a mockery of our fellow-creatures' wrongs
of political opinion will retard the day of to call them equal in rights, when by the bitter
revolution, and it will be operate as a preventive compulsion of their wants we make them
35 to its excesses. Indecisivecss of character, though inferior to us in all that can soften the heart,
the effect of timidity, is almost always associated 85 or dignify the understanding. Let us nut say
with benevolence. that this work of time - that it is impracticable
Wilder features char the second class... They at present, unless we each in our individual
listen only inflammatory harangues of some capacities do strenuously and perseveringly
40 mad-headed enthusiast, and imbibe from them endeavor to diffuse among our domestics those
poison, not food; rage, not liberty.Unillumined by 90 comfort and that illumination which far beyond
philosophy, and stimulated to a lust of revenge by all political ordinances arc the true equalizers of
aggravated wrongs, they would make the altar of men.
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33 36
Which choice best describes the authors What is the authors central claim in the first
perspective onthose who support revolutionary paragraphof the passage?
political change? A) Revolutionaries are too fanatical to be
A) He believes that they tend to be driven by persuadedby intellectual argument.
jealousy. B) The political problems leading tothe
B) He thinks that they have a variety of revolution in France developed gradually
motives, all of which are foolish. over the course of many years.
C) He dismisses them as posing a greater threat C) The reasons people oppose the current
to themselves than to the nation system must be understood if revolution in
D) He is sympathetic to their grievances but England is to be prevented.
skeptical of their methods. D) Understanding the true motivations of
revolutionaries is a nearly impossible task.
34
37
answer to the previous question? In the first paragraph, the author refers to
A) Lines 4-9 (“The process ... country”) “strange rumblings” and “confused noises”
B) Lines 9-16 (“The oppositionists... ones”) most likely to
C) Lines 23-26 (“Their ... virtue”) A) suggest that there are always signs that a
D) Lines 38-41 (“They... liberty”) revolution will occur.
B) emphasize the chaos that typically
accompanies revolution.
35 C) explain the unusual features of the French
Revolution.
Early in the passage, the main focus shifts from D) underscore the fear of many people about
a the possibility of revolution.
A) critique of revolutions to an
acknowledgement their occasionally
beneficial consequences. 38
B) general discussion of revolutions to an
analysis of different types of revolutionaries. As used in line 7, “manners” most nearly means
C) defense of class barriers in England to an A) behaviors.
argumentfor a more equal society. B) properties.
D) caution about the consequences revolution C) traditions.
to a condemnation of the indecision of D) quirks.
many citizens.

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39 Questions 42-52 are based on the following
passage.
In the second paragraph (lines 17-37), the
author uses the phrases “weather-cock This passage is adapted from Lee Alan
uncertainty” and “dough-baked patriots” most Dugatkin, Principles of Animal Behavior, ©
likely to emphasize the 2009 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. The
A) unreliability of certain military procedures. book concerns natural selection, a process that
B) unpredictable nature of warfare. results in the survival and reproductive success
C) variability of some peoples beliefs. of individuals or groups best adjusted to their
D) contrariness of political leaders strategies. environment.
As an example of natural selection acting on

40 animal behavior, let's examine how individuals
in stable groups respond to strangers. For
According to the author, members of the Line animals that live in stable groups, strangers-
“second class” (line 38) are characterized by 5 unknown individuals from outside ones group-
their represent a significant danger. Such individuals
A) jealousy of French victories. may compete for scarce resources, disrupt
B) dearly defined ideology. group dynamics that have long been in pace,and
C) desire for retribution so on. As such, ethologists are interested in
D) charismatic political leadership. 10 whether animals from group-living species
display a fear of strangers, a phenomenon
technically known as xenophobia. In particular
41 ethologists hypothesize that xenophobia may
be especially strong when resources are scarce,
Based on the passage, the“third class” (line 55) 15 since competition for such resources will be
supporters of revolution would most likely fight intense under such a scenario, and keeping
for the strangers away may a strong impact on the
A) acceleration of economic reform. lifetime reproductive success group members.
B) ability to boost their own incomes. To examine the effect of resource scarcity
C) improved treatment of the lower class. 20 on the evolution of xenophobia, Andrew Spinks
D) removal of the nobility’s privileges. and his colleagues examined xenophobia in
the common mole rat. Common mole rats
42
live in South Africa in underground colonies
made up of two to fourteen individuals. They
Which choice provides the best evidence for the 25 are an ideal species in which to examine
answer to the previous questions? xenophobia and its possible connection to
A) Lines 55-58 (“There... delineated”) resource availability for two reasons: First, all
B) Lines 58-61 (“They… orders”) populations of common mole rats are “tightly
C) Lines 64-67 (“but… visionaries”) kint”in the sense that each group typically has
D) Lines 80-85 (“It is... understanding”) 30 a single pair of "reproductive individuals"who
produce most of the offspring in colony, which
means that all group members tend to be genetic
relatives. Second, populations of common mole
rats differ in terms of the amount of resource
35 in their environments. Some common mole rat

1 1
populations inhabit mesic(moderately moist) that is sensitive to the sex of the stranger.
environments that presents only mildresource In support of this, in trials in which the two
limitations, while other populations live in individuals tested were a male and a female,
arid environment and face intense limitations 90 Spinks and his colleagues found that while
40 on their resources. This variation in resource aggression was still uncovered in the low-
availabilityis largely due to the fact that mesic resource, arid population, the level of aggression
environment about four times as much rainfall decreased dramatically when compared to
as arid environment. aggression in same-sex interactions. In other
Spinks and his colleagues examined 95 words, natural selection has produced common
45 weather populations from arid areas were mole rats that temper their fear of strangers as a
more xenophobic than those from mesic function of both where they live and the sex of
environments, as one might predict based on the strangers.
our above discussion of natural selection,
resources, and xenophobia. To do this, they
50 conducted 206“aggression”trial. The protocol
forthese experiments was quite simple: Two
mole rats-one from the arid and one form the
mesic environment-were placed together, and
any aggression that occurred between them was
60 recorded. This procedure was repeated for two
mole rats from different mesic colonies. Results
were clear-cut: For both male vs. male and
female vs. female, when the pair of individuals
were from different colonies, fear of strangers
65 and aggression toward such strangers was such
strangers was much more pronounced in the
common mole rats from the arid environment,
where resources were limited, than it was
in the common mole rats from the mesic
70 environment. This result was not a function of
individuals from arid populations just being
more aggressive in general. Control experiments
demonstrated that when two individuals who
knew each other from the arid population were
75 tested together, aggression disappeared-thus it
was the identification of a stranger that initiated
the aggression. This is precisely the sort of
behavior that natural selection should favor.
Common mole rats that are lucky enough
80 to end up reproducing almost always move
from their home colony to find a mate. What
this means is that some strangers that are
encountered by members of a social group
are potential mates, and hence perhaps worth
85 tolerating. Natural selection then should not
simply favor all xenophobia, but a xenophobia

1 1
Xenophobia Common Mole Rats
100
exhibiting aggression
Percentage of pairs
80
60
40
20
0
male versus male male versus female female versus female
arid environment
mesic environment
43 46
The main purpose of the passage is to It can reasonably be inferred from the passage
A) account for the causes of the growth of the that common mole rats arc least likely to show
common mole rat population. aggression toward
B) challenge a set of claims about the behavior A) common mole rats from mesic areas.
in common mole rats. B) members of their own colonies.
C) examine factors influencing a particular C) common mole rats removed from their
behavior in common mole rats. natural environments.
D) explain how the common mole rat has D) members of different species.
deviated from an evolutionary patter.
47
44
As used in line 6, "represent" nearly means answer to the previous question?
A) identify. A) Lines 33-35 (“Second ... environments”)
B) portray. B) Lines 70-72 (“This... general”)
C) personify. C) Lines 72-77 (''Control... aggression")
D) constituted. D) Lines 79-81 ("Common... mate")
45 48
The main focus of the passage shifts from

As used in line 78, “favor”most nearly means
articulationof a hypothesis to
A) approve.
A) discussion of experiments testing the
B) promote.
validity of that hypothesis.
C) regard.
B) review of data that appear to undermine the
D) indulge.
basis of that hypothesis.
C) exploration of a disagreement surrounding
the specifics of that hypothesis.
D) explanation of the origin of that hypothesis.

1 1
49 51
One major purpose of the chart is to provide The following conclusions about common mole
information that supports the idea that is suggested by both the passage and the chart?
A) common mole rats base their rejection of a A) When common mole rats from arid
stranger exclusively on the sex of that populations encounter each other,
B) common mole rats from environments in aggressive interactions arc very likely.
which resources are scarce are markedly B) When one common mole rat from an arid
more than common mole rats from environment and one common mole rat
environments in which resources are more from mesic environment encounter each
readily available. other, aggression will inevitably result.
C) male common mole rats are typically C) When resources are scarce, male common
aggressive than female common mole rats. mole rats exhibit far more aggressive
D) common mole rats from environments behaviors than, female common mole rats
are more likely to base about rejecting agiven do.
stranger onsex than on which environment D) When resources are scarce, the competition
the stranger is from. for resources will sometimes outweigh the
fact that a stranger is of the opposite sex.
50
Which of the following questions CANNOT be 52

answered by the information in the chart?
A) In same-sex interactions,which group rejects Which choice provides the best evidence for the
unfamiliar mole rats more males or females? answer to the previous question?
B) In interactions between male and female A) Lines 50-60 (“The protocol... recorded”)
mole rats, is the male party or the female B) Lines 72-77 (“Control …aggression”)
party more likely to initiate the aggression? C) Lines 85-87 (“Natural... stranger”)
C) Across all interactional are the rejection D) Lines 90-94 (“Spinks …interactions”)
rates between mole rats from different
environments relatively consistent?
D) Across all interactions, which combination
of sexes is least likely to produce a rejection?
STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section.

2 2
Writing and Language Test
DIRECTIONS
Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some

questions, you will consider how the passage might be revised to improve the
expression of ideas. For other questions, you will consider how the passage
might be edited to correct errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation. A
passage or a question may be accompanied by one or more graphics (such as a
table or graph) that you will consider as you make revising and editing decisions.
Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other

questions will direct you to a location in a passage or ask you to think about the
passage as a whole.
After reading each passage, choose the answer to each question that most
effectively improves the quality of writing in the passage or that makes the
passage conform to the conventions of standard written English. Many questions
include a“NO CHANGE”option.Choose that option if you think the best choice is to
leave the relevant portion of the passage as it is.
Questions1-11 are based on the following passage 1

and supplementary material.
Which choice most effectively combines the
Flavorists: A Taste of Success sentences at the underlined portion?
Whenever you enjoy a refreshing berry sorbet, A) chemists who
praise not the strawrberry, but the flavorists. B) chemists, and they
Flavorists are professional 1 chemists.Flavorists C) chemists, and flavorists
specialize in the art of mixing chemicals to D) chemists who are the ones that
create food flavoring. They are tasked with giving
tantalizing taste to everything from soup togum, 2
often to imitate aflavor found in nature at a
fraction of the cost of using the actual ingredient. A) NO CHANGE
By combining their knowledge of chemistry their B) the flavors are designed to be appealing so
innate sense of taste, 2 appealing flavors designed that they
by flavorists sell products and keep consumers C) flavorists design appealing flavors that
wanting more. D) it is the appealing flavors designee! by
flavorists that

2 2
Most flavorists earn a bachelor’s degree in 3
chemistry or a related field. In a process regulated
and administered by the Society of Flavor A) NO CHANGE
3 Chemists. Aspiring flavorists must then B) Chemists, aspiring
undergo at least seven years of additional C) Chemists; thus, aspiring
training. They spend the first five of those years as D) Chemists, and aspiring
apprentices in a laboratory, learning the trade by
working with senior flavorists. Applicants to the
Society of Flavor Chemists must then pass two 4
4 exams: an oral exam which qualities them to
become junior flavorists, and then a written exam A) NO CHANGE
two years later to cam their professional senior B) exams;
flavorist certifications. C) exams;being
D) exams—being

2 2
The flavoring industry is resolutely mysterious. 5
There are fewer than 500 flavorists in the world, all
of them committed to keeping their recipes secret. At this point, the writer is considering adding
5 Food companies rely on this confidentiality
the following sentence.
to maintain the integrity of their brands’image, One company, Givaudan, sends its flavorists
because consumers’ perception of a brand is based on trips called “Taste Treks”about the
partly on the idea that the products are created naturalflavors particular to region.
as a 6 hole rather then in parts. Even the US Should the writer make addition here?
Food and Drug Administration, to allow food
companies to conceal their formulas, permits A) Yes, because it illustrates just how
flavoring ingredients to be labelled under the all- knowledgeable flavorists must be about
encompassing name “natural and artificial flavors.” their field.
B) Yes, because it Divides an example of how
flavorists research about the natural flavors
C) No, because it interrupts the paragraphs
discussion theimportance of secrecy lo
flavorists.
D) No, because it undermines the paragraphs
about secrecy by providing an example of
collaboration among flavorists.
A) NO CHANGE
B) hole rather than
C) whole rather than
D) whole rather then

2 2
Mysterious, too, is the craft. How flavorists 7
replicate flavors found in nature, often using a
minuscule amount of many 7 ingredients: is A) NO CHANGE
not readily apparent. A beef-and-onion flavoring B) ingredient
demonstrates the ingredients potency; apart from a C) ingredients;
glycerin and water base, 8 two major ingredients D) ingredients,
compose the bulk of the recipe. And at twelve
ingredients, 9 this is actually quite simple—the
8
standard strawberry flavoring, 10 on the other
hand, contains forty-nine ingredients. Which choice provides the most relevant and
accurate interpretation the data in the table?
A) NO CHANGE
Ingredients of Beef-and-Onion Flavoring
B) the flavoring is a mixture: of 0.10 to 5.00
percent of each of a series of ingredients.
Ingredient Percent C) each ingredient in the flavoring composes
L-Arginine 1.00 up to 10of the recipe.
L-Cysteinc 1.00 D) the three primary ingredients are onion
powder,lactic acid, and salt.
L-Mcthioninc 0.10
L-Glutamic acid 4.00
L-Rhamnose 1.00 9
D-Xylose 2.00
A) NOCHANGF.
Water 12.45
B) this flavoring
Salt 1.01 C) it
Glycerin 68.44 D) DELETE the underlined portion.
Canola oil 0.99
Lactic acid 3.00 10
Onion powder 5.00
A) NO CHANGE
Adapted from Shane McDonald,Meghan Peltz,and B) consequently,
David Bolliet "Cooking with Alliums."©2013 by Allued C) particularly,
Business Media. D) as a result,

2 2
Though flavorists spend most of their days 11
in lab coats, they are nonetheless artists, using
creativity and expertise to turn a myriad of The writer wants a conclusion that indicates
ingredients into a unified and distinct product. 11 broader implications of flavorists’ work. Which
choice most effectively accomplishes this goal.
A) The modern food its seeminglyinfinite
variety of tastes and aromas, stands
upon this meeting of chemistry human
perception.
B) Many flavorists report high job
satisfaction, though the industry can be
quite completivebecause of the small
number of jobs.
C) Aspiring flavorists can look forward to
more job opportunities; The US Bureau of
Labor Statistics predicts an 11 percent
growth in food science employment
between 2012 and 2020.
D) Though rewarding, flavoring is not an easy
job, as demonstrated by the large amount
of training it requires.

2 2
Questions12-22 are based on the following passage 12
and supplementary material..
A) NO CHANGE
Fitness in a Flask B) conserved
Shortly after finishing his postdoctoral research, C) realized
Richard Lenski of the BEACON Center for the D) observed
Study of Evolution in Action began the Long-Term
Evolution Experiment (LTEE). In 1988, he placed 13
twelve populations of Escherichia coli, each of
which started from a single, identical bacterial cell, A) NO CHANGE
into twelve flasks that contained a nutrient medium, B) whichholds
and then he 12 pronounced what happened. C) this holds
Contrary to the traditional view of evolution, D) it holds
13 holding that evolution stops in an unchanging
environment, Lenski had predicted that the bacteria 14
would evolve, or mutate, over time.
Every day since the experiment began, Lenski At this point, the writer is considering adding
and a team of more than thirty graduate students the following sentence.
have transferred 1 percent of the bacteria in each The frozen bacteria, however, have an
flask into a new flask containing fresh nutrients to advantage over fossilized organisms; the
keep the bacteria growing. Samples of the bacteria bacteria can be thawed and regrown.
arc frozen generations in order to provide a record
ancestry, much in the same way a fossil provides a Should the writer make this addition here?
record of a previously living organism. 14 A) Yes, because it helps to clarify the process
describing the transfer of bacteria from one
flask to another.
B) Yes, because it introduces a key point
discussed in the next paragraph.
C) No, because an explanation of the
fossilization process is not essential the
understanding the passage.
D) No, because it contradicts a point made
earlier in the paragraph.

2 2
Three years into the 15 LTEE, at 15
approximately generation 5,000,the bacteria in
A) NO CHANGE
three of the flasks began mutating at a higher
B) LTEE at approximately generation 5,000
frequency. These bacteria, called hypermutators,
C) LTEE, at approximately, generation 5,000
replicated much faster and thus were said to have
D) LTEE: at approximately generation 5,000
16 less relative fitness at the end of the study
than at the beginning of the study. Relative fitness
is determined by comparing the growth rate of a 16
current generation to the growth rate of an initial
population. When Lenski thawed and regrew Which choice makes the Writer’s description of
the 17 hypermutators’ frozen ancestors’, they the data represented4athe figure most accurate?
underwent similar mutations and also began to A) NO CHANGE
replicate faster. The mutations that led to quicker B) lessrelative fitness around this generation
replication were 18 therefore reproducible, this than inpreviousgenerations.
changing scientists’, understanding of evolution as C) less relative fitness than ancestors that could
an irreproducible process. replicate faster.
D) greater relative fitness than populations that
did not mutate at the higher frequency.
Fitness of E.coli over the First

17
50,000 Generations of the LTEE
2.00 A) NO CHANCE
B) hypermutator’s frozen ancestor,
Average relative fitness
1.75 C) hypermulators frozen ancestors,

hypermutators D) hypcrmutators’ frozen ancestors.
1.50 nonhypermutators
18
1.25
A) NO CHANGE
B) initially
1.00 C) nonetheless
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
D) on the other hand
Time (generations)
Adapted from Michael J.Wiser et al, "Long-

Term Dynamics of Adaptation in Asexual
Populations." 2013 by American Association
for the Advancemnet of Science."

2 2
E. coli was once widely used by scientists
19 19
in studies involving PNA recombination. But in
this case, the growth medium was cloudy because Which choice provides the most logical
mutations in the E. colt enabled the bacteria to introduction tothe paragraph?
utilize citrate, ail organic molecule in the growth A) NO CHANGE
medium. The growth rate of the citrate-utilizing B) The bacteria took another twist in 2003
bacteriaskyrocketed because they were able to when the growth medium in me flask
replicate faster than the R. coli that had not became cloudy, usually a sign ofbacterial
mutated. Once again, the frozen ancestors of the contamination.
citrate-utilizing bacteria, when thawed and C) This view of evolution took scientists by
20 being regrown, underwent the same surprise, as E. coli was thought to be unable
evolutionary change. to adapt to its environment.
The ability to 21 repeat and rerun the course D) High mutation rates are well known to
of evolution has been a key to the success of the occur in many types of bacteria, including
LTEF. 22 Although Lenski’s bacteria experienced some strains that that Lenski has studied in
the greatest rate of increase in relative fitness the past.
before generation 10,000, the E. coli in the LTEE
continue t) steadily increase their fitness, proving 20
that evolution is an ongoing process, even in an
unchanging environment. A) ON CHANGE
B) regrew,
C) regrown,
D) having regrown,
Fitness of E.coli over the First
50,000 Generations of the LTEE
21
2.00
A) NOCHANGt
Average relative fitness
1.75 B) repeat
hypermutators C) repeat and begin anew
D) start over and repeat
1.50 nonhypermutators
22
1.25
Which choice makes the writers description of

1.00 the datarepresented in the figure most accurate?
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
A) NO CHANGE
B) increased their relative fitness at a constant
Time (generations) rate over the 50,000 generations,
C) did not begin to improve their relative
Adapted from Michael J.Wiser et al, "Long-
Term Dynamics of Adaptation in Asexual fitness until the end of the experiment,
Populations." 2013 by American Association D) slowly improved their fitness throughout
for the Advancemnet of Science." only the first 30,000 generations,

2 2
Questions23-33 are based on the following passage. 23
Which choice most effectively combines the

Digitizing the Humanities
sentences at the underlined portion?
Once requiring access to libraries, vaults, or
A) archived and searched;can also beadapted.
other physical collections of books, the study of
B) archived and searched, and Besides being
language and literature is now being transformed by
adapted,
digital tools. Software allows text and other visual
C) archived, searched, and adapted; however,
artifacts to be 23 archived and searched. They
D) archived, searched, and adapted, and
can also be adapted, and interactive programs
help readers engage with texts and with each other
in new ways. Digital applications 24 greatly 24
enhance readers' enjoyment of texts and facilitate
collaboration among students and scholars all over Which choice most effectively sets up the main
the world. claim of the passage
[1] Digitized documents level the playing field A) NO CHANGE
in humanities scholarship 25 by, removing the B) can be less expensive than hard-copy texts
need for expensive and time-consuming travel to C) allow unprecedented access to archived
locate works and meet with other scholars. [2] While collections
rare works are tucked away in libraries around D) require researchers to learn new skills
the world and many are now also a click away
on the Internet. [3]Through an archive called Early
25
English Books Online (EEBO), for example,
A) NO CHANGE
B) by removing
C) by removing,
D) by; removing
26
A) NO CHANGE
B) world;
C) world,
D) world however,

2 2
users are able to access nearly every work in the 27
English language published before 1700. [4] The
EEBO database allows users to search the texts for A) NO CHANGE
authors, titles, dates, and keywords. [5] In 2010, B) embarked
the company ProQuest 27 propelled EEBO C) launched
Interactions, a social-networking site where users D) instigated
can discuss texts, share commentary and queries,
and 28 can suggest revisions to the supporting
28
descriptions of archived materials on EEBO. [6]
The site enables “members of this geographically A) NO CHANGE
diverse community to collaborate and learn B) revisions can be suggested
from one another,” said Dan 29 Burnstone vice C) they can suggest revisions
president of arts and humanities publishing at D) suggest revisions
ProQuest. 30
29
A) NO CHANGE
B) Burnstone; vice president of arts and
humanities publishing,
C) Burnstone, vice president of arts and
humanities publishing
D) Burnstone: vice president of arts and
humanities publishing,
30
The writer wants to add the following sentence

to the paragraph.
Another important innovation is an
online platform allowing researchers to
communicate with one another.
To make the paragraph moat logical, the
sentence should be placed
A) after sentence 1.
B) after sentence 3.
C) after sentence 4.
D) after sentence 5

2 2
Another organization leading the way in 31
digitizing works of interest to students and scholars
A) NO CHANGE
is the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington,
B) however,
DC. The library’s Digital Image Collection includes
C) for example,
over 80,000 images and detailed descriptions of
D) in particular,
theatre memorabilia, photographs, and letters
that can be used to study Shakespeare s life and
productions of his plays. The Folger Digital Texts, 32
31 moreover, offer all of Shakespeare’s poems
and plays digitally, coded with information thatcan Which choice gives a second supporting
be used to search and index the texts. The texts example that is most similar to the example
and coding can be downloaded at no charge for already in the sentence?
noncommercial use. The library even encourages A) NO CHANGE
researchers and developers to use the materials on B) publishers considering pulling their works
mobile applications and other digitalprograms. online,
For students writing essays on the humanities C) librarianswho provide training in online
and 32 developers writing code for materials archives,
arrived online, digital tools provide almost D) scholars working on extensive research
unlimited access to texts and innumerable ways to projects,
interact Not only will the.se tools foster a holistic
approach to the study of the humanities, but 33
33 it will also allow people from all over the
worldto read these works and collaborate on A) NO CHANGE
important and innovative research. B) it has also allowed
C) it had also allowed
D) they will also allow

2 2
Questions34-44 are based on the following passage . 34
Nursing by the Numbers A) NO CHANGE

Florence Nightingale is widely known as a B) are
nurse who cared tirelessly for British soldiers in C) is
Turkey during the Crimean War of 1853-1856 and D) had been
developed new standards for management and
hygiene in hospitals.Less well known 34 were 35
Nightingales promotion of statistical analysis
in the field of medicine, 35 since her famous The writer wants to provide context for
publication Notes on Nursing, which has been understanding the significance Nightingale’s
in print since 1859, does not discuss statistics. By contribution. Which choice best accomplish
compiling medical statistics and making 36 it this goal?
comprehensible and persuasive, Nightingale showed A) NO CHANGE
that such information can help shape public policy B) even though this work may have been more
and improve the quality of health care. important to the development of modem
health
policy.
C) since there are many other early statisticians
who developed mathematical models that
are still in use today.
D) and historians later discovered that the
British government had concealed the true
soldier mortality rate during the Crimean
War.
36
A) NO CHANGE
B) his or hers
C) one
D) them

2 2
During the Crimean War, Nightingale kept note 37
of the number of soldiers in her hospital,the reasons
for their treatment, and the causes of death for A) NO CHANGE
those who didn’t survive. The knowledge provided B) eventually convince her in the end
by these records would 37 ultimately convince her C) eventually convince her, after all,
in the end that inadequate sanitation was the main D) ultimately convince her
cause of death in the hospitals-an unorthodox view
at the time. When she returned to England in 1856,
38
Nightingale wished to makeuse of the information
she had collected to improve medical treatment Which choice most effectively combines the
for soldiers. 38 She had accrued prestige during sentences at the underlined portion?
the war. She then used her prestige to advocate for A) She used the prestige she had accrued
a Royal Commission to create a report on health during the war to advocate
care in the military. When the Commission was B) She used the prestige she had accrued
approved, she provided it with data and graphs that during the war; she used it to advocate
showed the shortcomings of military hospitals the C) Having accrued it during the war, she used
39 expressive lifesaving effects of sanitary
her prestige to advocate
measures. D) To use the prestige that she had accrued
during theA war, she advocated
39
A) NO CHANGE
B) emotional
C) exaggerated
D) dramatic

2 2
The Commission’s report represented the 40
advance in the use of statistics to advocate for
new public policies, but Nightingale's contribution A) NO CHANGE
to applied statistics was only beginning. In 1858 B) exhaustive, 860-pagc book
she published an 40 exhaustive, 860-page book C) exhausting, 860-page book about
with the problems with British military hospitals, D) exhausting, 860-pagc book with
complete with detailed statistical analysis.
Nightingale worried that conventional presentations 41
of data would be dull and unintelligible to
government officials unversed in statistics. She A) NO CHANGE
decided, 41 therefore, to use 42 multicolored, B) otherwise,
circular graphs, similar to pie charts to represent the C) nevertheless,
different D) moreover,
42
A) NO CHANGE
B) multicolored, circular, graphs,
C) multicolored, circular graphs
D) multicolored circular graphs,

2 2
numbers of casualties suffered during the months 43
of the year. These new graphs were comprehensible
and 43 striking, they clearly showed that the A) NO CHANGE
majority of casualties were caused by infectious B) striking; in that they clearly showed
disease. The graphs were published in magazines C) striking; clearly showing
and placed on the walls of the Army Medical Board D) striking, clearly showing
and the War Department; they created momentum
for broad reforms to military medical care. In 44
acknowledgement of her contribution to the field of
statistics. Nightingale was elected a Fellow of the The writer wants a conclusion that summarizes
Statistical Society of London in October 1858. 43 the main idea of the passage. Which choice
best accomplishes
A) Some of her most important work was in
educational programs that trained people in
nursing and other aspects of health care.
B) She would help standardize administrative
aspects health-care industry in ways that are
still in effect today.
C)Today, changes in the way health-care
methods arc studied require updated
statistical methods and presentation
techniques.
D) She had demonstrated that carefully
collected, strikingly presented statistical
data could help transform public policy.
STOP

No Test Material On This Page
3 × 3
Math Test – No Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-15, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions
16-20,solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet.
Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in
the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise
indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real
numbers x for which f (x) is a real number.
PEFERENCE
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1
3 × 2
3
A snack stand sells bags of popcorn for $1 d = 35w + 250

each and bags of peanuts for $2 each. If no The number of dollars, d, in Vonn’s holidays
more than S30 worth of bags of peanuts savings account w weeks after he opened the
and popcorn were sold one evening, and at account is modeled by the equation above.
least 8 of the bags sold were popcorn, what Which of the following best describes the
is maximum number of bags of peanuts that meaning of the number 250 in the equation?
could have been sold that evening? A) The number of dollars Vonn deposited into
A) 7 the account each week
B) 11 B) The number of dollar Vonn initially
C) 14 deposited into the account
D) 16 C) The total number of dollars in the account
after weeks
D) The number of weeks since the account
opened

3
3 × 5
3
Which of the following is equivalent to the

1
If 3 x+1=k+ x, what is the value of k expression 4(x+1)2-3(x+1)2?
4 4
A) 1
when x=0? B) x+1
C) x2+2x+1
A) - 2 D) x2+2x+7
1
B) -
2
1
C) 6
2
D) 1 At a Mexican restaurant, tacos cost $3 and

burritos cost $6. If a group of students spends
at least $30 but at most $45 on 5 tacos and n
burritos, which of the following is true about n?
A) 33≤n≤45
B) 18≤n≤30
4
C) 12≤n≤15
8 D) 3≤n≤5
Which the following is equivalent to a 7 ?
8
A) √ a7
7 8
B) √a
8
C) a √a
7 8
D) a √a

7
3 × 9
3
B
A home improvement store sells indoor paint
for $20 a can and outdoor paint for $30 a can.
A customer spends $260 on cans of indoor and 15
outdoor paint. If the customer buys 2 fewer
cans of indoor paint than cans of outdoor
paint, how many cans indoor paint did the A C
customer buy?
In right triangle ABC above, the tangent of C
A) 4
B) 5 is 3 .What is the length of AB ?
4
C) 6
D) 7 A) 9
105
B)
16
8
C) 45
4
If 4(h-1)=3(t+2), what is h in terms of t?
D) 12
3t+3
A) h=
4
3t+6
B) h=
4 10
3t+10
C) h=
4 5 4
4t+11 +3=
x x-1
D) h= 3 What are the two solutions to the equation
above?
3
A) 1 and
5
5
B) 1 and
3
3
C) -1 and
5
5
D) -1 and
3

11
3 × 13
3
If 9x2y2=25 and xy﹥0 ,what is the value of x2+y2=104

18xy? y-5x=0
A) 6 If the ordered pair (x,y) is a solution to the
B) 30 system equations above, and x < 0, what is the
C) 50 value of y?
D) 150 A) -20
B) -10
C) -5
D) -2
12
Emmary makes and sells ceramics. It costs her

$12 to make a ceramic piece. If she sells each
piece for $33, which of the following equations
gives the amount of profit P, in dollars,
Emmary will receive for selling n pieces?
A) P=21n
B) P=33n
C) P=33n-12
D) P=33n+12

14
3 × 15
3
f(x)=(x-3)(x2-4x+3) The function f is defined by f(x)=(x+2)2.

How many distinct zeros does the function f, If f(x+a)=x2-6x+9, where a is a constant,
defined? what is the value of a?
A) None A) -5
B) One B) -3
C) Two C) 1
D) Three D) 3

3 × 3
DIRECTIONS
For questions 16-20, solve the problem

and enter your answer in the grid, as
described below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is

suggested that you write your
answer in the boxes at the top of
the columns to help you fill in the
circles accurately. You will receive
credit only if the circles are filled in
correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any
column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more
than one correct answer. In such
cases, grid only one answer.
1
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 2 must be
gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If
is entered into the grid, it will be
31 1
interpreted as , not 3 2 .)
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a
decimal answer with more digits
than the grid can accommodate, it
may be either rounded or truncated,
but it must fill the entire grid.

16
3 × 19
3
A bamboo plant has a height of 11 feet and 2x+3y=26

grows at a constant rate of 2 feet per day. At x+3y=19
this rate, how many days from now will the If (x,y) satisfies the system of equations above,
height of the bamboo plant be 27 feet? what is he value of x?
17
N
28° 20
A B
M P
100° o C
Q
In the figure above, MN=NP and MQ=QP.
What is the value of ∠ M in degrees?
(Disregard the degree sign when gridding your
answer.) In the circle above, radius OB has length 1. The
measure of ∠ AOB is equal to the measure of
∠ BOC and the length of are ABC
8∏
is . What is the measure, in degrees, of
18 9
∠ AOB? (Disregard the degree symbol when
If x is positive and x+(x+1)+(x+2)=x2-1, what
is the value of x ? griddingyour answer.)
STOP

4 4
Math Test – Calculator
DIRECTIONS
For questions 1-30, solve each problem, choose the best answer from the choices
provided, and fill in the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. For questions
31-38,solve the problem and enter your answer in the grid on the answer sheet.
Please refer to the directions before question 16 on how to enter your answers in
the grid. You may use any available space in your test booklet for scratch work.
NOTES
1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All variables and expressions used represent real numbers unless otherwise
indicated.
3. Figures provided in this test are drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated.
4. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
5. Unless otherwise indicated, the domain of a given function f is the set of all real
numbers x for which f (x ) is a real number.
PEFERENCE
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2π.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

4 4
1 3
On Tuesday, Dianna’s store sold 5 pairs of If 3 times k is equal to 15, what is 4 more than
running shoes for every 9 pairs of sandals sold. k?
If Dianna’s store sold 27 pairs of sandals on A) 7
Tuesday, how many pairs of running shoes did B) 9
Dianna’s store sell on that day? C) 19
A) 10 D) 49
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25
2
1
If 12ax-6=36 , what is the value of ax - ?
2
A bag containing 12 marbles includes 3 red A) 3
marbles, 6 blue marbles and 3 white marbles. B) 6
What percent of the marbles in the bag are C) 12
blue? D) 24
A) 6%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

4 4
5 7
Type of particle Size range If a=2(x+1)2 and b=(x+1), which of the

following equivalent to ab ?
Clay Less than 0.002 mm A) 2(x+1)3
Silt 0.002 mm up to 0.061 mm B) 2(x+1)2
C) 2(x + 2)3
Sand (fine) 0.061 mm up to 0.124 mm
D) 2(x + 2)2
Sand (medium) 0.124 mm up to 0.49 mm
Sand (coarse) 0.49 mm up to 2.00 mm
8
The table above shows the size of several types
of particles found in soil. In which of the Career
Majors
following inequalities does p represent the site Law Medicine Teaching Other Total
range, in millimeters (mm), of the three types English 23 5 32 30 90
of sand particles listed in the table? Biology 2 78 20 10 110
A) 0.06≤p﹤12.00
Political
B) 0.002≤p﹤0.49 54 1 9 16 80
Science
C) p﹤0.061
D) p﹤2.00 Economics 13 10 17 80 120
Total 92 94 78 136 400
6
The table above shows the number of students
Temperature Inside Alicia's Home
who were enrolled in one of four majors when
83°F they were in college and the career that each
Temperature
student chose directly after college. Based on

82°F
the table, what proportion of students who
81°F majored in political science did. not have
80°F in law, medicine, or teaching directly after
1 3 5 7 9 college?
p.m p.m p.m p.m p.m A) 0.04
B) 0.12
Time
C) 0.16
The graph above represents the temperature D) 0.20
inside Alicia’s home on a certain day. From
5 p.m. to 9 p.m., how many degrees Fahrenheit
(°F), did the temperature decrease each hour?
A) 2
B) 1
C) 1
2
D) 1
4

4 4
9 10
A bucket contains 5 gallons of water. The

It is often possible to donate money to a charity
water in the bucket weighs 42 pounds. One
by mail or by cell phone. The amounts of 5
gallon of diluted bleach is mixed with the
mail donations and 5 cell phone donations are
water, and then the total weight of the liquid in
given in the table below. What is the positive
the bucket is 50.52 pounds. What is the weight
difference, in dollars, in the mean donation
per gallon of the liquid in the bucket after the
amount for mail donations and for cell phone
diluted bleach is added?
donations?
(Assume that the total volume of the liquid
is the sum of gallons of water and gallons ot
Donationmethod Amount (in dollars )
diluted bleach.)
Mail 10 50 25 5 10 A) 0.10 pounds/gallon
Cell phone 5 10 10 20 5 B) 0.12 pounds/ gallon
C) 8.42 pounds/ gallon
D) 8.50 pounds/ gallon
A) 0
B) 10
C) 25
D) 50

4 4
11 12
Researcher in Australia carried out an The average net primary production in tropical
experiment to determine if the color of a coffee rain forest each year is 8,900 kilocalories
mug affects how people rate the flavor intensity per square meter. If the total net primary
of the coffee. Volunteers were randomly production of a selected portion of a
assigned to taste coffee in mugs that differed tropical rain forest in a given year is 1.8×108
only by color: some white and some clear. The kilocalories, what is the approximate total area,
same type of coffee was used in both mugs. in square meters, of the selected portion?
The researchers concluded that the mean flavor
A) 4.9×103
intensity rating was significantly higher for
those who drank coffee in a white mug than B) 1.6×104
for those who drank coffee in a dear mug.
C) 2.0×104
Based on this study, which of the following
12
statements is correct ? D) 1.6×10
A) The color of the mug was the cause of
the difference in mean intensity rating for
these volunteers, and this conclusion can be 13
generalized drinkers.
B) The color of the mug was the cause of the a2 +6a+9=16
difference in mean intensity ratingfor these Based on the equation above, which of
volunteers,but it is not reasonable to following could be the value of a+3?
generalize this conclusion to all coffee A) 8
drinkers. B) 4
C) It is not reasonable to conclude that that C) 2
the color of the mug was the cause of the D) 1
difference in mean intensity rating for these
volunteers.
D) It is not possible to draw any conclusion
from this experiment because volunteers 14
were used.
5x y
A B C
Note:Figure not drawn to scale
In the figure above, AC=42.If y=2x, what is

the length of line segment BC?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 12
D) 14

4 4
15 17
Distribution of 250 History Books

If a and b are positive integers, which of the
Book type US British
-a
following in NOT equivalent to ? Paperbacks 40 45
-b
a Hardcovers 90 75
A)
b
-(-a)
B) A historian has a collection of 250 books
b
about US and British history. The distribution
1
C) of the books is shown in the table above. If
-b a hardcover over book is to be selected at
D) -(-a)
random, what is the probability that the book
-(-b)
will be a US history book?
6
A)
16 11
13
B) 25
Milagros recorded the height of a plant, in
inches, each week as it grew. The results are 4
C) 9
graphed below, and the line of best fit is also
shown. D)
9
25
y
20
Height of plant (inches)
15
10
0 x
0 1 2 3 4
Number of weeks
What is the meaning of the y-intercept the

graph?
A) The plant measured 16 inches one week
after Milagros started measuring its height.
B) The plant grew 16 inches each week after
Milagros started measuring its height.
C) The plant increased in height each week.
D) The plant 16 inches when Milagrosstarted
measuring its height.

4 4
18 19
Pilar is a salesperson at a car dealership. Each The point (5, -3) lies on both line j and line k
car at the dealership costs at least $15,000. For in the xy-plane. The equations of lines j and k
each car Pilar sells, she receives a commission are y=cx+2 and y=3x+b, respectively. What
of 6% of the amount by which the selling price is the value of c+b?
exceeds $10,000. If Pilar sells a car at a price A) -19
of d dollars, which of the following functions B) -17
gives her commission C(d), in dollars, on the C) 2
sale? D) 17
A) C(d)=0.06(d-10,000)
B) C(d)=0.06(d-15,000)
C) C(d)=0.06(10,000-d)
D) C(d)=0.06(10,000-d)

4 4
20
Questions 21 and 23 refer to the following
Employee Absences
information.
Number of Number of
days employees
0 8
growth rate (percent)

Annual population
1 4 1.0
2 3
4 4 0.5
5 5 0.0
13 1 5 10 15 20
-0.5
The frequency table above shows the Year after 1990
distribution of the number of days each of the
25 employees of a company was absent last
The graph above shows the percent of annual
month. What is the median number of days
population growth rate, r, in a certain
absent for the 25 employees last month?
country for the number of years after 1990, t,
A) 1
at 5-year intervals. A linear model fitting the
B) 2
plotted points is also shown. The equation for
C) 4
the linear model is
D) 5
r=-0.07t+1.06
21
Which of the following statements is the best

interpretation of the coefficient of t in the
model?
A) The predicted annual population growth
rate of the country increase by 1 every 0.07
years.
B) The predicted annual population growth
rate of the country decreases by 0.07 every
five years.
C) The predicted annual population growth
rate of the country decreases by 0.07 every
year.
D) The predicted annual population growth
rate of the country increases by 0.07 every
year.

4 4
22 24
Based on the model, which of the following Which of the following example would exhibit
is closest to the year in which the predicted linear growth over time?
annual population growth rate of the country A) The height of a plant that doubles in height
is -1%? every two months
A) 2010 B) The value of a home that is increasing in
B) 2015 value by 5% every year
C) 2020 C) The number of books read by someone
D) 2025 who reads 3 books every month
D) The number of birds in an area where the
population of birds is decreasing by 30%
23 every year
The actual annual population growth rate in

the country in 1995 was 0.9%. For the year 25
1995, what is the actual annual population
growth rate minus the annual population A book publishing company pays the author of
growth rate predicted by the model? a certain book $2.50 per book for the first 500
A) -0.07% books sold. After the first 500 books are sold,
B) 0.19% the payment increases to $3.25 per book sold.
C) 0.67% Which of the following functions gives the
D) 1.06% author’s total payment P(b), in dollars, in terms
of the number of books sold, b, where b> 500?
A) P(b)=2.50(500)+3.25b
B) P(b)=2.50b+3.25b
C) P(b)=2.50b+3.25(b-500)
D) P(b)=2.50(500)+3.25(b-500)

4 4
26 27
B 2 2
(x-3) +(y-5) =18
The graph of the equation above is a circle in
the xy-plane. What is the area of the circle?
E A) 6∏
F
B) 9∏
C) 12∏
D) 18∏
A D C
Note:Figure not drawn to scale
In the figure above, ABC is a right triangle
and 2AC=3AB. If the quadrilateral AFED is
28
a square, the area of the shaded region is what
fraction of the area of triangle ABC?
3x2+7x-6
3
A) 9-x2
4
2 Which of the following is equivalent to the
B) 3
quotient shown above for x≠-3 and x≠3?
13 7
C) 20 A) -3+
3-x
D)
12 7
25 B) 3-
3-x
7
C) -3+
3+x
7
D) 3-
3+x

4 4
30
Questions 29 and 30 refer to the following The volume V of a planet can be expressed
information. in terms of its surface are S and its average
radius r by the formula V= 1 Sr . Which
3
S=2Cr of the following expresses the planets average
The formula above can be used to approximate circumference, C, in terms of its volume and
the surface are S of a planet using its average its average radius?
radius r and average circumference C. 2r2
A) C=
3V
3r2
29 B) C=
2V
2V
C) C=
The surface area of Neptune is approximately 3r2
2.94 × 109 square miles. Of the following, 3V
D) C=
which best approximates the average radius, in 2r2
miles, of Neptune?
A) 2,643
B) 15,300
C) 96,120
D) 192,200

4 4
DIRECTIONS
For questions 31-38, solve the problem

and enter your answer in the grid, as
described below, on the answer sheet.
1. Although not required, it is

suggested that you write your
answer in the boxes at the top of
the columns to help you fill in the
circles accurately. You will receive
credit only if the circles are filled in
correctly.
2. Mark no more than one circle in any
column.
3. No question has a negative answer.
4. Some problems may have more
than one correct answer. In such
cases, grid only one answer.
1
5. Mixed numbers such as 3 2 must be
gridded as 3.5 or 7/2. (If
is entered into the grid, it will be
31 1
interpreted as , not 3 2 .)
2
6. Decimal answers: If you obtain a
decimal answer with more digits
than the grid can accommodate, it
may be either rounded or truncated,
but it must fill the entire grid.

4 4
31 33
Lab Experiment 3r-4s=8

r-s=2
Solution (milliliters)
20 What is the value of r in the system of linear

15 equations above?
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (minutes)
The graph above gives the number of milliliters 34

of solution in a beaker from the start to the end
of an experiment. According to the graph, how In a study of bat migration habits, 240 male
many milliliters of solution were in the beaker bats and 160 female bats have been tagged. If
at the start of the experiment?
100 more female bats are tagged, how many
32 more male bats must be tagged so that 1 of

2
the total number of bats in the study are male?
Kim purchased a shirt that cost $23.00 before a
6% sale tax was added. How much sales tax, in
dollars, did Kim pay for this shirt? (Disregard
the $ sign when gridding your answer. For
example, if your answer is $4.97, gird 4.97)

4 4
35 36
A right circular cylinder has a height of 4 At a theater, adult tickets for a play cost $15
1 each and child tickets cost $10 each. If 300
inches and is full of water. If the amount of
2 tickets were sold, and the sale of the tickets
water in the can is 32∏ cubic inches, what is generated between $3575 and $3600, inclusive,
what is a possible number of child tickets that
the diameter, in inches, of the can?
were sold?

4 4
38
Questions 37 and 38 refer to the following If p percent of a typical herd of elk is female,
information. what is the value of p, rounded to the nearest
whole number?
In a typical elk herd in Yellowstone National
Park. The ratio of males to females is 14 to 46.
37
A biologist spots a herd of 150 elk in the park.

The biologist uses the ratio of males to females
in a typical herd to estimate the number of
males in die herd. How many males would the
biologist expect be in this herd?
STOP

No Test Material On This Page
Adapted from GODFREY HARRIS and DANIEL STILES，"The Wrong
Way to Protect Elephants."©2014
1 THE year was 1862. Abraham Lincoln was in the White House. “Taps” was first
sounded as a lights-out bugle call. And Steinway & Sons was building its first
upright pianos in New York.
2 The space-saving design would help change the cultural face of America. After the
Civil War, many middle-class families installed them in their parlors. The ability
to play the piano was thought to be nearly as important to the marriage potential
of single ladies as their skill in cooking and sewing, signaling a young woman’s
gentility and culture.
3 The keys on those pianos were all fashioned from the ivory of African elephants.
And that is why one of these uprights, the oldest one known to survive, in fact, is
stuck in Japan.
4 The director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service recently issued an
order prohibiting the commercial importation of all African elephant ivory into
the United States. (Commercial imports had been allowed in some instances,
including for certain antiques.)
5 The Obama administration is also planning to implement additional rules that will
prohibit, with narrow exceptions, both the export of African elephant ivory and its
unfettered trade within the United States.
6 The Fish and Wildlife Service has said that these new rules will help stop the
slaughter of elephants. But we believe that unless demand for ivory in Asia is
reduced — through aggressive education programs there, tougher enforcement
against the illegal ivory trade and the creation of a legal raw ivory market — these
new American regulations will merely cause the price to balloon and the black
market to flourish, pushing up the profit potential of continued poaching.
7 In short, these new rules proposed by the Fish and Wildlife Service may well end
up doing more harm than good to the African elephant.
8 What these regulations will also do is make the import, export and interstate sale
of almost any object with African elephant ivory virtually impossible. Anyone
who owns any antique African elephant ivory — whether it is an Edwardian
bracelet inherited from a grandmother or an ivory-handled Georgian silver
tea set owned by an antiques dealer — will be unable to ship or sell it without
unimpeachable documentation that proves it is at least 100 years old, has not been
repaired or modified with elephant ivory since 1973, and that it arrived in the
United States through one of 13 ports of entry.
2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

9 The story of the Steinway underscores the complexity, rigidity and absurdity of
these rules. The piano was salvaged years ago by Ben Treuhaft, a professional
piano technician. When his wife took an academic job in Japan, he shipped the
piano along with their other household possessions to Tokyo. They moved to
Scotland after the Fukushima nuclear accident three years ago, leaving the piano
in storage in Japan to be shipped later. Now Mr. Treuhaft is ready to return the
piano to the United States and place it in the hands of a friend who planned to
display it at her piano shop.
10 But the piano remains in Japan. It lacks the paperwork necessary to clear customs
in the United States because Mr. Treuhaft failed, when he shipped the piano
abroad, to obtain the required export permit identifying the ivory keys and the
piano’s provenance. In the past, the government might have exercised some
discretion over Mr. Treuhaft’s oversight. But no more. Moreover, to meet the
personal-use exception for an import, the piano would have to be shipped back as
part of a household move, and he wants to send it to a friend.
11 So the piano that Steinway says is its oldest known upright is stuck in Japan.
12 Of course, Mr. Treuhaft is not the only one who is or will be hurt or
inconvenienced by this draconian order from the Fish and Wildlife Service, or the
new rules that the administration seeks to impose. Musicians already complain
of a burdensome process and months long delays in securing permits to take their
instruments containing ivory abroad. And collectors, gun owners and antiques
dealers say they have been blindsided by the proposed rules, which will effectively
render their African elephant ivory pieces worthless unless they can meet the
extremely difficult standards necessary to sell them.
13 We suggest a different approach. We should encourage China, where much of

the poached ivory ends up, to start a detailed public education campaign that
underscores the damage done to elephant populations by the illegal trade in ivory.
We also need more aggressive enforcement of anti-poaching efforts in Africa.
And we should figure out a way to manage the trade in raw ivory to protect
elephants. For instance, several years ago, ivory stockpiles owned by several
African countries were sold in a series of United Nations-approved auctions
in an effort to undercut illegal ivory trafficking. The proceeds went to elephant
conservation efforts. This is a better approach than destroying these stockpiles, as
the United States did last fall to six tons of ivory.
14 Leaving Mr. Treuhaft’s piano in Japan will not save African elephants. But it will
further endanger them and diminish the lives of those who recognize and value
the role of ivory in history and culture.
Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 3

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1 1

Each passage or pair of passages below is followed by a number of questions.

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Average As used in line 12, “fair” most nearly means

In the passage the author implies that the survey

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In the proposed friction model of Passage 2,

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What is a difference between the structures of

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As an example of natural selection acting on

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The main focus of the passage shifts from

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Which of the following questions CANNOT be 52

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Each passage below is accompanied by a number of questions. For some

Some questions will direct you to an underlined portion of a passage. Other

Questions1-11 are based on the following passage 1

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Fitness of E.coli over the First

1.75 C) hypermulators frozen ancestors,

Adapted from Michael J.Wiser et al, "Long-

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Which choice makes the writers description of

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Which choice most effectively combines the

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The writer wants to add the following sentence

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Nursing by the Numbers A) NO CHANGE

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 31 CONTINUE

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1. The use of a calculator is not permitted.

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 34 CONTINUE

A snack stand sells bags of popcorn for $1 d = 35w + 250

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Which of the following is equivalent to the

D) 1 At a Mexican restaurant, tacos cost $3 and

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Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. 37 CONTINUE

If 9x2y2=25 and xy﹥0 ,what is the value of x2+y2=104

Emmary makes and sells ceramics. It costs her

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f(x)=(x-3)(x2-4x+3) The function f is defined by f(x)=(x+2)2.

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