Refresh Quadrant 4 2016 Final TB

4
By Victoria S.
Oliva
TEACHER’S BOOK
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Publisher: Víctor Ricardo Guzmán Zuñiga
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Series editor: Leticia Fernández
Author: Victoria S. Oliva
Proofreading: Andrew Starling
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Cover design: Marisol Hernández Rivas
Images: Shutterstock
Copyright:
© 2020 Victoria S. Oliva
© 2020 AngloDigital, S.A. de C.V.
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C.P 53120 Naucalpan, Edo. de México.
Refresh 4 Teacher´s Book
Refresh 4 Student Book

ISBN: 978-607-615-347-5
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ISBN: 978-607-615-348-2
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Edition: 2020
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I N T R OD U C T I ON
Refresh is a five-level innovative English series that takes learners from A1 to B1 levels according to CEF standards.
RERESH
• Has been designed to build students’ ability to communicate their ideas creatively and confidently.
• Demonstrates how English is used in real-life situations, enabling students to use it in meaningful contexts.
• Presents topics that attract students’ interest and motivate them in an entertaining way.
• Develops linguistic competences (LC) and generic competences (GC) in a learner-friendly syllabus.
• Encourages students to work in pairs and teams, motivating them to develop their communication skills.
REFRESH CONTAINS:
• Table of contents and didactic structure of the book.
• Two modular pages presenting the topics, skills, vocabulary and functions practiced in each module, which
activate students’ previous knowledge, following a constructivist approach.
• CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) reading tasks.
• Five quadrants, each divided into three units. Each unit consists of four lessons. Every lesson includes the
following sections:
Warm up.
Listen up.
Write it down.
Work in pairs.
Say It!
Teamwork
On Your Own
Grammar Focus
• A fifth lesson dedicated to the main grammar point in the module.
• Culturally-oriented texts, to expose students to cultural issues and reading comprehension practice.
• Test yourself, to develop self-assessment skills.
• Workbook, to consolidate the language learned in the module.
• Evaluation tools - rubrics, self- and peer-evaluation..
• Grammar reference pages with examples and explanations of the grammatical structures practiced in each lesson.
• American and British word list.
• Pronunciation practice.
• Explanation of the linguistic and generic competencies being developed, to help make students aware of their
role in the learning process.
• Irregular verb list.
• Tips to develop the writing process.
The Teacher’s book includes the Student’s book with answers and instructions for every activity, a list of the generic
and linguistic competences being developed, tests, useful tips, audio scripts.
The Author
3
Grammar Focus
The Grammar Focus section explains and clarifies different aspects of the grammar contents in the lesson / unit.
Listen up
Language is introduced in a natural context. Audios provide listening
M AP
Warm up
During this stage, students become familiar with the topic and cont
B OOK
Say It!
This section encourages students to use the language in communication Let's talk about cities.
Warm upactivities.
What cities in your country are big?

What cities in your country do you consider beautiful?
What cities in your country are very old?
What cities in your country are really clean?
Look at the photos and say which street is clean and which one is dirty.
4
Write it down
This section provides controlled and semi-controlled writing practice.
M AP
B OOK
Teamwork
Develops cooperative learning and communicative skills.
Work in pairs
Working in pairs helps develop communicative competence as well as social skills.
On Your Own
This section encourages independence and
allows students to work at their own pace,
whether at home or in the classroom.
5
QU A D R A N T F O U R
Quadrant 4 UTP Listening Vocabulary Grammar Writing Reading Speaking

Quadrant 4 Unit 1 Choosing better and best
Diagnostic Test
PISA- CLIL
p. 10-11
Lesson 1 Is your Choosing between

Comparative Comparative Describe different Talk about your
hometown clean? options (school, jobs, Comparatives Great Cities! Great Cities!
adjectives adjectives places. hometown.
p. 12-13 majors, cities, etc.)
Lesson 2 Could you

Making formal and Jobs and Can/could in Write polite Write about how to
pick it up, please? Can/could in requests Could You Help Me? Could You Help Me?
p.14-15 informal requests occupations requests requests. be polite.
Schools
Lesson 3 Is the most Choosing the best
Superlative Jobs Superlative The Most Expensive Compare schools and
expensive the best? option (school, jobs, Compare devices.
adjectives Majors adjectives Cellphone majors with jobs.
p. 16-17 majors, etc.)
Electronic devices
Lesson 4 Do you Expressing
Education and Education and Work
agree? agreement or Too/Either Too/Either Write opinions. Presentation
qualifications By Oliver Bertrand
p. 18-19 disagreement
Lesson 5 Making formal and Formal and Informal Can/could in

Can/could in requests Could You...?
p. 20-21 informal requests requests requests
My project p. 22 Great Inventions Cultural Reading p. 23 Georgia Aquarium

Workbook p. 24-28 Rubrics p. 29- 31
Quadrant 4 Unit 2 An apple a day keeps the doctor away / Experiences

Diagnostic Test
PISA- CLIL
p. 34-35
Lesson 1 Should I Identify illnesses Talk about what

Giving opinions and Should / shouldn’t
take it? Possessive Pronouns Sleep Tight Sleep and symptoms Possessive Pronouns according to Doctor’s Advice do you do to sleep
advice
p. 36-37 pictures. better.
Lesson 2 What
should I do if I have Talking about health Possessive Pronouns Should / May / Write about health
What Should Betty What Should Betty
Giving opinions and Should / May / Health problems problems and health Give health advice.
a headache? Do? May not Do?
advice May not advice.
p. 38-39
Lesson 3 What did
you use to do when Talking about past What Did She Use Ask and answer
habits Past tense Used to to Do? Past habits Past tense Used to Complete the table. 100 Years Ago questions.
you were ten?
p. 40-41
Lesson 4 Have you

Asking and talking Write your opinion Arthroscopic Interview your
ever parasailed? about experiences Present Perfect Safe? Activities Present Perfect about the news. classmates.
Surgery
p. 42-43
M AP
Lesson 5 Past Participle

Verb Forms Checking Homework Past Participle verbs
p. 44-45 Irregular verbs
My Project p. 46 Have you ever? Cultural Reading p. 47 Scuba Diving

Workbook p. 48-52 Rubrics p. 53- 55
B OOK
Quadrant 4 Unit 3 Have you ever...? / The future

Diagnostic Test
PISA- CLIL
p. 58-59
Lesson 1 What
sports have you Discuss sports that
Present Perfect with Ronaldo Has Never Present Perfect with Answer the Ronaldo Has Never
played? Talking about sports ever, never Sports you have or haven’t
Given Up! ever, never questions. Given Up!
tried.
p. 60-61
Lesson 2 What have
you just done? Talking about visiting Present Perfect with Present Perfect with Write about Pete
Action verbs In Paris! Practice dialogues.
public places just, already, yet. just, already, yet and Monica.
p. 62-63
Lesson 3 How long
have you worked Present Perfect with Present Perfect with
Asking and talking If Only… Two Job Interview your
there? for, since and how Job interview for, since and how Complete the table. Job Interview
about people’s lives Interviews classmates.
long long
p. 64-65
Lesson 4 Is it
going to be sunny Going to (Predictions Write about a Article About
tomorrow? Making predictions Going to Weather Forecast Weather Role-play a dialogue.
based on evidence) weather forecast Weather Forecasts
p. 66-67
Lesson 5 Asking and talking Will / won't / Interview

about the future Past Participles In the Future Future events may / might Complete the table.
p. 68-69 your classmates.
My project p. 70 Cool Gadgets Cultural Reading p. 71 Fast Evolution

Workbook p. 72- 76 Rubrics p. 77- 79
Self-Evaluation p. 80 Competences p. 81 Grammar Reference p. 82 - 87 Verb List p. 88
6
Explore the Quadrant
E X P LOR E
Look through Quadrant 4 and find the following. E
N
1. Something that costs eight million dollars O
T
Lesson Page I
N
2. Pictures of symptoms of sickness U
Lesson Page
3. Where is the map of the world?
Lesson Page
4. What activities are mentioned in the cultural reading?
What’s in this Quadrant?

Contents
• Choosing better and best
An apple a day keeps the doctor away / Experiences
Have you ever...? The future
QUADRANT
FOUR
ACTIVATE UNIT 1
Think about this.
1. Write three polite requests you hear or make often.
1.
2.
3.
2. Which sentences are true (T) and which are false (F)?
a. Cheetahs are faster than lions.
b. Elephants are not heavier than hippos.
c. Motorcycles can be as expensive as cars.
d. Online shopping is safer than shopping at a store.
3. Write four occupations you know about, and the places where the people work.
Refresh
UNIT ONE
Choosing better and best
Ask Ss to read the grammar section and to say what

Make formal and informal requests, choose between options and express agreement
grammar tenses they’re familiar with.
and disagreement.
In This Unit
VOCABULARY • Comparative adjectives, jobs and occupations, schools, majors, and electronic devices.
GRAMMAR FOCUS • Comparative and superlative adjectives, can/could/would in requests, too/either.
SPEAKING • Make polite requests, choosing between options, expressing agreement.
• To be able to make formal and informal requests, choosing between options and express
COMPETENCES agreement and disagreement.
• Collaborate with classmates by working in pairs and in teams.

ATTITUDES AND • Participate in dialogues with a respectful and empathetic attitude.
VALUES • Show creativity in the writing and presentation of dialogues.
• Use vocabulary and grammar structures according to the communicative purpose.
Ask Ss to look at GC4GC3 Do you know how to...

the photographs
and say how
they differentiate requests
and commands. Elicit
ways of agreeing and • Make formal and informal requests?
disagreeing. Ask Ss to
compare things in the • Compare different options?
classroom.
• Express agreement and disagreement?
Warm up Look through Unit 1 and find the answers.

1.Where will you learn to make polite requests? Page 14
2.Where will you learn how to agree and disagree? Page 18
3.Where will you learn to talk about your neighborhood? Page 13
4.Where will you read about cellphones? Page 16
Where can you find the following photographs? Pages
a uniformed driver 15
windmills 22
a crowded street 12
a dictionary entry 17
electronic devices 17
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Heat and energy

Heat and Thermal Energy
When scientists originally studied thermodynamics, they were
really studying heat and thermal energy. Heat can do anything:
move from one area to another, get atoms excited, and even
increase energy. Did we say energy? That’s what heat is. When
you increase the heat in a system, you are really increasing the
amount of energy in the system. Now that you understand
that fact, you can see that the study of thermodynamics is the
study of the amount of energy moving in and out of systems.
Heat of Atoms
Now all of this energy is moving around the world. Remember that it all happens on
a really small scale. Energy that is transferred is at atomic level. Atoms and molecules
transmit tiny amounts of energy. When heat moves from one area to another, it’s
because millions of atoms and molecules are working together. Those millions of
pieces become the energy flow throughout the entire planet.
Heat Movement
Heat moves from one system to another because of differences in the temperatures
of the systems. If you have two identical systems with equal temperatures, there will
be no flow of energy. When you have two systems with different temperatures, the
energy will start to flow. Air mass of high pressure forces large numbers of
molecules into areas of low pressure. Areas of high temperature give off energy to
areas with lower temperature. There is a constant flow of energy throughout the
universe. Heat is only one type of that energy.
Increasing Energy and Entropy
Another big idea in thermodynamics is the concept of energy that changes the
freedom of molecules. For example, when you change the state of a system (solid,
liquid, gas), the atoms and/or molecules have different arrangements and degrees of
freedom to move. Atoms are able to move around more and there is more activity. That
increase in freedom (also called randomness) is an increase in entropy.
Taken from:
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/thermo_intro.html Accessed 1 July 2013.
TEAMWORK
Use the Internet or other resources to find out about the Laws of Thermod
CLIL - PISA EVALUATION
Read and answer. Compare with a partner.
1. When you increase the heat in a system, you…. 6. What is the study of thermodynamics?
a.increase the molecules. a.the study of molecules
b.increase the energy. b. the study of atoms
c.increase the atoms. c.the study of energy
d.increase the system. d.the study of systems
2. Choose the correct sentence. 7. How does heat move from one area to another?
a.Energy is transferred at molecular level. a.It is transmitted by the system.
b.Energy is transferred at system level. b. It is transmitted by atoms and molecules.
c.Energy is transferred at planetary level. c.It is transmitted by energy.
d. Energy is transferred at atomic level. d.It is transmitted by pressure.
3. Heat moves because of differences in
8. What happens when the temperature between
.
two systems is the same?
a.pressure
b.molecules a.There is no flow of energy.
c.temperature b. Energy flows between the systems.
d.atoms c.The molecules become excited.
d.The pressure increases.
4. ‘Entropy’ is….
9. When does entropy occur?
a.the freedom atoms/molecules have to move around.
b.the change of a substance from solid to liquid. a.When molecules move between systems.
c.the increase in freedom of molecules to move around. b. When there is a difference in pressure.
d.the random movement of atoms/molecules. c.When there is a difference in temperature.
d. When a system changes its state.
5. How many words in the text have a similar meaning
10.What does an “increase in entropy” mean?
to ‘move’?
a.Atoms/molecules become more active.
a.1
b. The temperature of the system increases.
b.2
c.3 (transfer, transmit, flow) c. Atoms/molecules move randomly.
d.4 d. The system changes from solid to liquid.
1. 6.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
2. 7.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
3. 8.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
4. 9.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
5. 10.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
11
L E S SO N ON E
Is your hometown clean?
Objective Compare places using comparative adjectives.
Warm up Let's talk about cities.
What cities in your country are big?

What cities in your country do you consider beautiful? What cities in your country are very old?
What cities in your country are really clean?
Look at the photos and say which street is clean and which one is dirty.
abc New words
Match the words to the pictures. Choose the most appropriate words to describe
your city.
1. dirty 2. clean 3. dangerous 4. safe 5. populated 6. large
F OU R
ICT
Visit http:// Click on adjectives and download a PDF called “adjective rules worksheet”.
QUAD R AN T
What is it like?
5 1
Listen up Track 1 Great Cities!
Listen. Circle the correct answer
1. Which city is more dangerous? TOKYO NEW YORK
2. Which city is dirtier? TOKYO NEW YORK
3. Which city is cleaner? TOKYO NEW YORK
4. Which city is more populated? TOKYO NEW YORK
5. Which city is noisier? TOKYO NEW YORK
12
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Comparative Adjectives
We use comparative adjectives to compare two things.

Remember
ON E
Add “er” to short (one and two syllables) adjectives.
Change ”y“ to ”i“ when adding ”er“.
Example: This town is bigger than that one. dirty – dirtier noisy – noisier
Use “more“ or ”less“ before long (two or more than two syllables) adjectives.
busy – busier funny – funnier
Example: This town is more dangerous than that one.
Which city is dirtier?
Two-syllable adjectives not ending in 'y' need "more / less" to form the comparative.
U N I T
Example: My brother is more handsome than Carlos. Which street is noisier?
Write it down
Compare these cities. Use comparative adjectives.
1. Mexico City is a large city. Plymouth is a small city.

2. Sydney is a clean city. Mumbai is a dirty city.
3. São Paulo is a dangerous city. Dresden is safe.
4. Barcelona is a noisy city. Vancouver is very quiet. .
5. Beijing is over populated. Novgorod is not that populated. .
Teamwork
Form two teams. Each team describes a city they are familiar with. After that, both teams have to
make sentences comparing both cities.
Work in pairs
Practice this dialogue in pairs. Change the adjectives in the dialogue for the ones below.
Dana: Is your neighborhood safe?
Kim: I don’t think so. I’m afraid to go out at night.
Dana: Is it quieter than mine?
Kim: Oh, definitely not. It’s very noisy.
Dana: Is it cleaner?
Kim: Maybe it is cleaner.

Answers may vary
interesting exciting dangerous beautiful ugly
SAY IT!
ON YOUR OWN
Ask a classmate about the neighborhood he/she lives in. Compare it Ask your parents or friends to describe two
to the one you live in. places they’ve visited. Write 5 sentences
Use adjectives from this lesson. comparing them.
Find two classmates who gave similar descriptions. Use comparative adjectives from this lesson.
Ask them why they consider their neighborhood safe, dangerous, Find more adjectives in the dictionary that
clean, dirty or noisy. you can use to describe different places.
GOOD WORK!!!
13
L E S SO N TW O
Could you pick it up, please?

Objective Make polite requests using could.
Warm up
What requests do you normally make in these places?
Begin the lesson by asking Ss where

they normally make polite requests and what requests they usually make.
Listen up Track 2 Could You Help Me?
Who helps you in a restaurant, in a bank, in a drugstore, in a library, at a gas station?

Listen to the track and underline the requests you hear.
• Could you fill up my gas tank?

F OU R
• Could you charge it on my credit card?

• Could you bring me this dress in a small size?
• Could you bring me this shirt in a smaller size?
• Could you change the flight?
• Could you change the hotel booking?
• Could you check its eyes, please?
QUAD R AN T
• Could you check its ears, please?

• Could you bring me some ice?
• Could you bring me some rice?
Listen to the track again and circle the jobs which match the
requests.
• travel agent
Have Ss make more polite•requests using
pharmacist
'Could you...'. Their classmates have to say where they usually hear those requests.
• veterinarian
• waiter
• cashier
• teacher
• salesman
abc New words Jobs and Occupations
Ask Ss to write 3 polite requests that

can be made to a flight attendant, a jeweler, a
hairdresser, a gas station

attendant.
flight attendant jeweler hair dresser gas station attendant

14
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Modals ‘can’ or ‘could’ to make a request

We can use ‘can’ or ‘could’ to make a request. We can use it when we are asking others to perform an
action. Get Ss to underline
Examples:
U N I T ON E
3 requests they
normally make.
Can you switch on the light? or Could you switch on the light? (More Ask
polite) Can you help
them where they make
these requests.
Write it down
Complete the requests and read them out loud. Can you think of other words to complete the requests?
• Could you tell me how much it ?
• Could you say that ? office
• Could you prepare two for us? minute
door
• Could you spell your ? board
• Could you tell me where Mike’s is? costs
• Could you bring me one in a different ? letters
• Could you speak more ? coffees
• Could you help me for a ? size
name
• Could you please close the ? out loud
• Could you erase the ? slowly
• Could you photocopy these ?
Check it out!
The word “please” makes the request more polite and less direct.
To answer negatively in a respectful way, we can say:
– No, I’m sorry. I can’t. – I’d like to, but I can’t. – I’d love to, but I’m busy now.
abc New words Jobs and occupations
accountant author designer journalist judge lawyer lecturer librarian newsreader optician pharmacist translator
Work in pairs
Look at the photographs. Write and role-play dialogues with a partner making and answering polite requests.
Teamwork
One team has to come up with ten requests for the opposite team. The opposite team has to write those requests and to say where
they can be made and to whom. The first team that completes the task correctly will win.
Example: SAY IT!
Team 1: - Could you help me buckle my seat belt? Make three polite
requests to a
Team 2: - Airplane. Flight attendant. partner related to
school or home
ON YOUR OWN duties. For example:
Could you
Do you think it is important to be polite? Why? Read the article “How to Be please feed my
Polite” and write an essay of your own. Read it to the group and ask for your cat this
classmates’ opinions. http://www.wikihow.com/Be-Polite weekend?
Discuss the questions from the article. Your partner accepts
YOU ROCK!! or declines politely.
Then switch roles.
15
Is the most expensive the best? L E S SO N T H R E E
Objective Compare objects using superlative adjectives.
Warm up
These are four of the most expensive cell phones in the world. Do you think it is
wise to buy phones that are so expensive? Which one would you like to have?
Ulysse Nokia© 8800 Peter Aloisson’s

Nardin’s The Arte with pink iPhone© Princess Sony Ericsson©
Chairman – up to diamonds Plus Black Diamond –
$49,500 $134,000 $176,400 $300,000
Grammar Focus Superlative Adjectives
We use Superlative Adjectives to compare one thing to many.

Add "the" + ”est“ to short (one or two syllables) adjectives. Two-syllable
Remember
QUAD R AN T F OU R
adjectives not ending in 'y' need "the most/least" to form the superlative.
Example: This phone is the smallest on the market. Use ‘the’ before ‘most’ or a superlative
Use "the most" before long (two or more syllables) adjectives. adjective when comparing one thing to many.
Example: This phone is the most expensive in the store. Example:
Example: My boyfriend is the most handsome guy at the party. Her phone is the most expensive. His phone
Read on The Most Expensive Cell Phone!
Read the article. Underline the adjectives. Try to guess their meaning from the context.
Stuart Hughes iPhone© 4 Diamond Rose Edition – $8 million

Check out the latest iPhone© from Stuart Hughes – the iPhone 4 Diamond
Rose Edition. Hughes has recreated the infamous antenna band that
wraps around the sides of the latest iPhone©, as well as the backplate,
using rose gold. The band is adorned with 100 carats of flawless
diamonds, and the Apple© logo is formed with fifty-three more diamonds.
Once again, the home button gets the most love–it’s made of platinum
and features a rare 7.4-carat pink diamond.
The phone comes in an imperial pink 7-kilogram chest cut from a single
block of granite and is lined with nubuck top-grain leather. It also comes
with an 8-carat flawless diamond that can be used in place of the pink
one.
Adapted from http://most-expensive.net/cell-phone-mobile
Discuss these questions:

Who do you think can afford one of these phones?
Is your cell phone expensive?
What is the largest amount you would pay for a cell phone?
16
REFRESH
abc New words Adjectives
ICT
Look up the meaning of these words using the Internet or a dictionary. Visit http:// listadjectives.com t
ON E
U N I T
front-facing luxurious gaudy futuristic
sophisticated kinetic refurbished state-of-the-art
Write it down
Describe an electronic device you own using some of the adjectives above and
some from the recommended website.
Student's own work
Work in pairs
Pretend one of you is the customer and the other is the shop assistant. The customer wants a fancy
cellphone. The shop assistant tries to sell the most expensive phone. Use the models and prices in the
Warm up section.
ICT
Visit http://
a4esl.org/q/h/
vm/compsup.html
to practice
comparative
and superlative
adjectives.
SAY IT!
Ask your classmates
ON YOUR OWN
what devices they
Look for sites on the Internet where technology devices are compared: computers, cell phones, have with them at
microwave ovens, cars, etc. Write sentences comparing more than two devices. Share your the moment or at
home. If you
work with your classmates.
happen to have the
same device,
YOU ARE A SUCCESS!
compare them.
17
L E S SO N F O U R
Do you agree?
Objective Express agreement or disagreement when talking about schools, jobs and majors.
Warm up
Look at the pictures and discuss the relation of education with professional success.
Read on Education And Work By Olivier Bertrand
Read the following article and discuss the relation between education and work with a classmate.
When education is examined in terms of its usefulness as a preparation for employment, the theoretical analyses of its
contribution to the productivity of labor and the methods used to forecast the quantitative needs of the economy give rise to
considerable controversy and seem to provide no more than very general indications. More qualitative studies on changes
in qualifications and on the operation of the labor market seem to make a more useful contribution to efforts to achieve a
better equilibrium between supply and demand. In the face of an uncertain future, adaptability in institutions and individuals,
F OU R
and solidly based training, are a better basis for employment than specialized education.
Moreover, the economy needs to provide enough jobs to meet demand, which is becoming an increasingly unlikely prospect in
many countries and would call for some rethinking of education's role in this field.
Work experience, and especially alternating periods of work and study, and partnership arrangements between educational
institutions and business firms could make a useful contribution to the educational process, subject to a number of conditions
which are not always met and which are linked to the particular socio-cultural context and historical heritage in each country.
QUAD R AN T
The relationship between education and work will be dealt with in turn from two angles:
• The role of education, in its widest sense, in preparing people for paid work, which may be examined from the point of view
of theories, techniques of analysis and projection, policies, and practices.
• The interaction between education and productive work, and notably the role of work in the educational process.
Taken from http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/16_53.pdf
Work in pairs
After reading the article, write down two characteristics schools must have to
offer the best opportunities to their students.
1.
2.
Student's own work
abc New words Education – Qualifications

BA MA Ph.D. qualifications labor market work
training
experience business firms
certificate degree diploma employment productivity supply and demand
new technologies development econ
Find the meanings of the words in a dictionary and write 3 sentences using three of the words.
1.
2.
3.
Student's own work
18
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Too – Either
We use too when adding a comment of agreement to the following:
ON E
Positive verb – Positive meaning
I believe that education contributes to economic success, and my friends do, too.
Positive verb – Negative meaning
My parents dislike expensive schools with low-productivity majors, and me, too.
Positive adverb – Positive meaning
U N I T
My teachers truly believe that high qualifications usually guarantee a good position in any
company. Work experience does, too.
Positive pronoun – Positive meaning
Everybody believes that success comes with effort. My girlfriend does, too.
We use either when adding a comment of agreement to the following:

Negative verb – Positive meaning
Sam can’t stop studying, and Louise can’t, either.
Negative verb – Negative meaning
I don’t like that major, and my best friend doesn’t, either.
Negative adverb –Negative meaning
They can hardly believe that success and ignorance are linked, and I don’t,
either. Negative pronoun – Negative meaning
No one can finish school without studying, and I can’t, either.
Write it down
Use too or either to complete the following sentences.
1. I can’t stand
2. Everyone believes that
3. My parents hate
4. I enjoy
5. People usually think that
Answers may vary
Teamwork
Write 5 opinions about studies, work and schools. Share your opinions with your classmate
SAY IT!
Give a presentation using the information you gathered in the Te
19
L E S SO N F I V E
Consolidation
Objective Make polite requests using modals can, could, would.
Grammar Focus Modals can, could, would to make a request

When we make a request, we are asking others to perform an action. This is different from telling them. We can tell people to do
‘Could you…?’ or ‘Would you…?’ are more polite.
Examples:
Could you switch on the light? Would you help me do the dishes? Can you speak more slowly?
Listen up Track 3 Could You...?
Listen to the track and underline all requests in the dialogues. Practice them in pairs.
Kate: Hello Ms. Morgan, how are you?
F OU R
Mrs. Morgan: Not so bad. You?

Kate: Fine… the thing is… I have to go out and your car is parked right in front of my garage.
I’m sorry to bother you. Could you move it, please?
Mrs. Morgan: Of course. I didn’t realize… I’ll do it immediately. I’m sorry.
QUAD R AN T
Kim: Anny, I’m really sorry, but my printer is not working and I have to make some copies of
the report for tomorrow. Could you print them out for me?
Anny: Oh, I’m sorry, but I’m already late for a meeting. Would you ask John, please?
Alan: I am really sorry to have to ask you for this, but they’ve changed the date of the
Paris meeting again. It’s on the 5th now. Would you mind changing the flight and the
hotel bookings again?
Paula: No problem. Leave it to me.
Write it down
Listen to the track again and write the correct requests by the names.
1. Alan: Would you mind changing the flight and the hotel bookings again?
2. Anny: Would you ask John, please?
3. Kate: Could you move it, please?
4. Kim: Could you print them out for me?
Look at the photographs. Work with a partner. Write and act out dialogues of your own, making
polite requests.
20
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Comparative and Superlative Adjectives.
If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the
ON E
consonant and add –er for the comparative form. Double the consonant and add –est for the
superlative form.
Complete the tables.
U N I T
One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single
Consonant with a Single Vowel before It Comparative Form Superlative Form
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
fat fatter fattest
With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

peaceful more peaceful most peaceful
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
careful more careful most careful
thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
Visit the page and practice superlatives.

http://www.xtec.cat/~jcunille/Amazing%20Superlatives/
WEBQUEST
Irregular adjectives.
Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther farthest
little less least
many more most
clever cleverer cleverest
clever more clever most clever
gentle gentler gentlest
gentle more gentle most gentle
friendly friendlier friendliest
friendly more friendly most friendly
quiet quieter quietest
quiet more quiet most quiet
21
PROJECT WORK
GREAT INVENTIO
Discuss the questions.
Have all inventions been useful to the human race?

Which of the inventions of the modern period have been devastating to nature or detrimental to the human race?
Some of the first rockets were built by Wernher Von Braun and his team of scientists. They were
used for astronomical purposes to explore space. His inventions were used to build missiles during
the Nazi reign in Germany. Later on, his inventions helped humans reach the moon.
CFC freon was discovered by Thomas Midgley. It was supposed to be a safer refrigerant than
ammonia. It turned out to be the very element which caused extensive damage to the ozone layer.
And his idea of adding tetraethyl lead to petrol resulted in health issues across the world.
A number of insecticides were discovered by Dr. Gerhard Schrader in order to protect food crops.
Today, two of his accidental discoveries, sarin and tabun, are used as nerve agents, which are
extremely harmful to humans.
In 1930s, Harold Crayton Urey discovered that heavy hydrogen nuclei could react with each other
creating a nuclear fusion. Later on, his discovery was used by Edward Teller to create the
hydrogen bomb.
Atomic bombs, which were built based on the same principle, were dropped on
Nagasaki in 1945 killing more than 200,000 people. Nuclear fusion reactions are
used in a process for operating a steam turbine which in turn drives electrical
generators.
Write it down
1. What was discovered by Dr. Gerhard Schrader?

a number of insecticides
2. What are nuclear fusion reactions used for?
They are used in a process for operating a steam turbine.
3. Who discovered CFC freon?
Thomas Midgley
4. Whose inventions were used to build missiles?

Wernher Von Braun’s
ICT
Visit
Choose five inventions of the 20th century which have been both useful an
22
CULTURAL READIN
CLIL
Georgia Aquarium
The world´s largest aquarium, the Georgia Aquarium, is located in
Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Every day, thorough research is conducted in the aquarium which
contributes to new discoveries for the conservation of aquatic life
and the understanding of the underwater world.
Visitors are given an opportunity for an exclusive, close interaction
with whales. Several research initiatives have been undertaken to
understand beluga whales.
Many galleries have been modified to include additional deck space
for trainer-animal interactions. Sneak peek windows have been added,
which give guests a look into the behind-the-scenes area.
The Ocean voyager exhibit was specially designed to house whale sharks.
People around the world can virtually adopt a whale shark. It means that people can help and support
Georgia Aquarium’s research and conservation efforts. In return, they are offered tickets, animal fact
sheets, a personalized adoption certificate and a recognition on Georgia Aquarium’s Donor Wall.
A wide diversity of animals found in rivers is observed by visitors in the River Scout gallery.
After visitors take a long journey through all the regions of the world, they encounter the Tropical Diver
gallery.
The exhibits of tropical coral reefs are arranged like a gallery of living art. Visitors are offered the most
exciting, adventurous, and at the same time relaxing, experiences in different galleries of the aquarium.
Write it down
Answer the questions.

1. Where is the Georgia Aquarium located?
Is it located in Atlanta, Georgia. ICT
2. What is research like in the aquarium? Visit travelchannel. com/interests
in-the-us and read about the top ten a
very thorough
3. What opportunity are visitors given in the aquarium?
an exclusive close interaction with whales
4. Why have many galleries been modified?
to include additional deck space for trainer-animal interactions
5. With what purpose was the Ocean Voyager exhibit specially designed?
to house whale sharks
6. What are people who virtually adopt a whale shark offered in return?
They are offered tickets, animal fact sheets, a personalized adoption certificate and a recognition on the aquarium's donor wall.
7. What is observed by visitors in the River Scout gallery?
a wide diversity of animals
8. How are the exhibits of the Tropical Diver gallery arranged?
like a gallery of living art
23
WORKBOOK
QU AD R A N T F O U R
Unit One
Lessons 1 to 4
• Is your hometown clean?
• Could you pick it up, please?
• Is the most expensive the best?
• Do you agree?
W O R K B OO K LESSON ONE REFRESH
IS Y OUR HOMET OWN CLEAN?
1 Compare the streets shown in the photographs using comparative adjectives.
ON E
1 2
U N I T
a b c d
3 4
e f g h
Use these adjectives:
beautiful ugly clean dirty noisy quiet dangerous safe
1. Street A is dirtier than street B.

2.
3.
4.
Answers may vary
2 Answer the questions according to the photographs in exercise 1.
a. Which street is cleaner, A or B? b

b. Which street is more beautiful, G or H? h
c. Which street is noisier, F or E? f
d. Which street is safer, C or D? c
3 Complete the sentences to make them true for yourself.
a. My street is .
b. My house is .
c. My room is .
d. My school is .
e. My garden is .
f. My town is .
g. My teacher is .
h. My computer is .
Student's own work
Workbook 25
LESSON TWO W O R K B OO K
COULD Y OU PICK IT U P , PLEA SE?
4 Write polite requests for the following situations.
1. I ran out of gas.

2. My coffee is cold.
3. I need to make a phone call.
4. I need to use the printer.
5. I don´t have enough cash to pay for this.
Answers may vary
5 Match the places in the box with the phrases and then, match them to the pictures below.
restaurant gas station shop

doctor hotel front desk travel agency
1. Fill it up, please. c 2

2. My stomach aches. b 6
3. I need some ice. a 5
4. I feel sick. b
5. I need a smaller size dress. e
6. Please charge it to my credit card. e 3
7. Can I change the flight? f
8. Could you change the hotel booking? f 4
9. Can I extend my stay for two weeks? d
10. Can you bring me some rice? a 1
F OU R
QUAD R AN T
1 2 3
4 5 6
6 Look at the photographs and write the request as in the example.
Example: Could you please change my

tire?
26
W O R K B OO K LESSON THREE REFRESH
IS THE M O S T EXPENSIVE THE B EST ?
7 Compare the appearance of the people in the photographs and write sentences using compara
U N I T ON E
Sandrene Karina Justin Ricky
Use these adjectives:

tall short thin chubby beautiful handsome light hair dark hair
Answers may vary
8 Make sentences using 'as + adjective + as' or 'not as + adjective + as'.
1. Chelsea is short, but Martin is shorter. Chelsea is not as short as Martin.
2. Dana is tall, but Lola is taller.

Dana is not as tall as Lola.
3. Rick is handsome, but Jaden is more handsome. Rick is not as handsome as Jaden.
4. Pablo is chubby, but Carlos is chubbier. Pablo is not as chubby as Carlos.
5. Heff’s hair is dark, but Don’s hair is darker. Heff's hair is not as dark as Don’s.
9 Answer the questions about yourself.
Who is as nice as you?
Who is as tall as you?
Who is as friendly as
you?
Who is as beautiful/handsome as you?
Who is as smart as you?
Who is as attractive as you?
Student's own work
Workbook 27
Example: Could you please change my
tire?
26
LESSON FOUR W O R K B OO K
D O Y OU A G R E E ?
10 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
1. My best friend studies hard, I

2. Ann works and studies to get work experience, I
3. I haven’t
4. Everyone believes that
5. My teacher can’t stand
6. In my family, we don’t like
Student's own work
11 Look at the pictures and write 5 opinions using ‘too’ and ‘either’.
1.
2.
3.
F OU R
4.
5.
Student's own work

QUAD R AN T
12 Write sentences using the following words.
BA
certificate
degree
diploma
MA
Ph.D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Student's own work
29
RUBRIC S REFRESH
Attitude
Week / Month
ON E
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
U N I T
Student is late
Student is late to to class more Student is late to
Student is always class once every than once every class more than
Attendance ready and attends two weeks and two weeks and once a week
classes. regularly attends and / or has
classes. regularly attends poor
classes. attendance.
Student is
proactive and Student is
contributes to proactive and Student rarely Student never
Engagement / contributes to contributes to contributes to
class with ideas
Participation and questions class with ideas class with ideas class with
more than once and questions and questions. ideas and
per class. once per class. questions.
Student Student almost

Student almost Student rarely occasionally
never engages engages in always engages
engages in
Behavior in disruptive disruptive disruptive in disruptive
behavior during behavior behavior behavior during
class. during class. during class. class.
Student is almost Student is almost

always prepared Student is usually Student is rarely never prepared
with assignments prepared with prepared with with assignments
Preparation assignments and assignments and
and class and class
materials. class materials. class materials. materials.
Student stands
up straight, Student stands
looks relaxed up straight and Student Student slouches
and confident. establishes eye sometimes stands and / or does not
Presentations Establishes eye contact with up straight and look at people
contact with everyone in the establishes eye during the
everyone in the room during the contact. presentation.
room during the presentation.
presentation.
Total:
28
RUBRIC S
Language Competence Rubric
Week / Month
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
Student’s Student’s
pronunciation is Student’s pronunciation
pronunciation is Student’s
Speaking - understandable, makes pronunciation is
Pronunciation with no or very understandable, understanding
with some incomprehensible.
few errors. difficult.
errors.
Student conveys Student needs to Student uses limited

the intended Student uses use more precise and simplistic
Speaking - precise words /
Use of message in an and accurate vocabulary; words
interesting and phrases to get the words to create a may be used
vocabulary message across.
precise way. clear message. inappropriately.
Student is able
Student is able to communicate, Student takes
to communicate, a long time to Student is unable to
Speaking - ask and / or communicate, and
ask and answer communicate,
Fluency questions with no answer questions ask and / or ask and /
with little or answer questions.
F OU R
difficulty. difficulty. answer questions.
Student uses a
limited range Student has little
of grammatical or no control of
Student Student has basic grammatical
demonstrates some grammar structures
Speaking - correctly; structures or verb
mastery of almost errors, but they
QUAD R AN T
Accuracy frequent errors tenses; student

all grammatical rarely impede depends on
structures. communication. can sometimes
impede guidance to express
meaning.
communication.
Student Student has little

Student fully understands most comprehension Student is unable to
Comprehension understands what of what is said or of what is said comprehend what is
is said or read. read. or read. said or read.

Writing - message in an precise words / and accurate vocabulary; words
Use of interesting and phrases to get the words to create a may be used
vocabulary precise way. message across. clear message. inappropriately.
Student uses Student uses

Student shows grade-level grade-level Student has
creativity and appropriate appropriate limited use and
Writing flexibility when conventions; conventions; understanding
Conventions using conventions minor errors errors of grade-level
to enhance do not obscure occasionally appropriate
meaning. meaning. obscure meaning. conventions.
Total:
31
RUBRIC S REFRESH
Peer Evaluation – Cooperation
Read each of the statements carefully and color the circles according to your perception of your partners’ performance. Use
ON E
the following number code:
1 2 3 4 5
Always Almost always Sometimes Rarely Never
U N I T
1 2 3 Me
Is willing to help his / her peers.
Is respectful to his / her peers.
Carries out the assignments within the group.
Brings the necessary materials when working in

groups.
Participates actively in group activities.
Copies the work of other members of the group.
Co-Evaluation – Learning
Name: Date:
Signature of evaluator:
DIMENSIONS E VG G A NI
Knowing
Mastery of contents (grammar & vocabulary)
Level of input (listening, reading) interpretation
Doing
Execution of procedures (tasks)
Application of concepts (grammar & vocabulary)
Being
Participation
Integration
Attitude towards study
Learning effort
E = Excellent VG = Very Good G = Good A = Average NI = Needs Improvement
30
QUADRANT
FOUR
ACTIVATE UNIT 2
Think about this.
1.Write five parts of the body. Next to each, write a symptom or illness it can suffer.
2.Describe a habit you had, but don't have anymore.
3.What do you think about extreme sports? Do you think they're dangerous? Why?
Refresh 31
UNIT TWO
An apple a day keeps the doctor away / Experiences

To talk about health, ask for and give advice. Talk about safety and past experiences.
In This Unit
VOCABULARY • Health, past habits, safe and dangerous activities.
GRAMMAR FOCUS • Possessive pronouns, should/need to/have to, Past Tense, Used to, Present Perfect.
SPEAKING • Talk about health problems and give health advice, talk about safety and past experiences.
COMPETENCES • Talk about health, ask for and give advice. Talk about safety and past experiences.

GC4GC3 Do you know how to...

Ask Ss to look at
the photographs
and say in what
situations they usually ask
for advice. Elicit health
• Ask for and give health advice?
problems and experiences • Talk about safety?
they have had.
• Describe your past habits and experiences?
1.Where will you learn to talk about your past habits? Page 40
2.Where will you learn to ask for and give advice? Page 38
3.Where will you learn to talk about illnesses and symptoms? Page 37, 39
4.Where will you learn about parasailing and injuries? Page
42
a man with a cold 39

a horse 41
a photo album 40
a motor boat 42
a wheelchair 36
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
5 Hugo Sánchez Márquez, popularly nicknamed Pentapichichi, or

Hugol, is a Mexican football coach and former striker. He has played
for four European clubs, including Real Madrid. He has also been
a member of the Mexican National Team, and has participated
in
10 three World Cups.
As a coach, he won two championships as head coach of the club
Pumas UNAM, and worked briefly with Club Necaxa, both teams in
15 the Mexican First Division. He coached the Mexican National Team
for sixteen months, but was fired in March 2008. Hugo
Sánchez
signed up to start coaching again in Europe, for Almería, from the
Spanish First Division. This was an attempt to save the team from
20 descending to the 2nd Division. He succeeded in keeping
Almeria free from relegation from La Liga for the 2009–2010
season.
In 1999, the IFFHS (International Federation of Football History &
25
Statistics) voted him the 26th best footballer of the 20th century,
and the best footballer from the CONCACAF region. He has won
many distinguished awards, such as the European Golden Boot, 5 Pichichi
(an award given to the highest goal scorer in one La Liga season) and Best
Footballer of Mexico of the 20th century.
He is one of the most famous Mexican soccer players . Here are some facts
ICT about Hugo:
Visit http:// worldfootball/ statisticsandre- cords/players/ player=174153/ index.html and other sites. Find out the follow
he played? How many teams has he coached? Which of those teams have won or have participated in international matches? Wha
Country: Mexico
Date of Birth: July 11, 1958
Place of Birth: Mexico City, Mexico
Height: 1.75 m
Position: Striker
Jersey: No. 9
Adapted from:
http://www.squidoo.com/Hugo-Sanchez-The-Soccer-Player-Profile#module108627741
TEAMWORK
Form teams. Who is your favorite sportsman/woman?

What does he/she do? Has he/she won any awards? Use
the Internet to find out about this person’s achievements.
34
Prepare a biography with pictures and achievements and
present it to your class.
35
1. What does Pentapichichi mean? 6. Hugo fired from the Mexican National
a.winner of five awards Team in 2008.
b.winner of six awards
a.has been
c.winner of seven awards
b.is
d.winner of eight awards
c.was
d.were
2. Circle the correct sentence.
a.Hugo is coaching in Spain. 7. How old was Hugo in May 2012?
b.Hugo has been a goalkeeper.
a.51
c.Hugo has played for five European teams.
b.52
d.Hugo has participated in three World Cups.
c.53
d.54
3. What does This in line 11 refer to?
a. Hugo’s signing up for the Almería 8. He many distinguished awards.
b.Almería’s relegation from La Liga
c.Hugo’s coaching of the Mexican National Team a.winned
d.the two championships with Pumas UNAM b.is winning
c.has win
d.has won
4. A striker is …
a.an employee on strike.
9. Coach means .
b.a metal plate.
c.a person who plays forward. a.trainer
d.a coach. b.carriage
c.economy class
d.gig
5. How many teams has Hugo coached, according
to the text?
10.Hugo for many teams.
a.four
a.was played
b.six
b. has played
c.seven
c.playing
d.nine
d.is played
1. 6.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
2. 7.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
3. 8.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
4. 9.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
5. 10.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
36
L E S SO N ON E
Should I take it?

Objective Use should/shouldn’t to discuss health problems and give advice.
Warm up
Look at the photographs. Talk with a classmate about a day when you were sick and could not do
Listen up Track 4 Sleep Tight!
Listen to the track and answer the questions below.

F OU R
1. Should you eat right before you go to bed?

No, you shouldn’t.
2. Should you turn off the TV before bedtime?
Yes, you should.
3. Should your bedroom be too hot or cold?
No, it shouldn’t.
QUAD R AN T
4. Should you drink anything before bedtime?

Yes, you should.
5. Should you do any exercise right before you go to bed?
No, you shouldn’t.
Work in pairs
Write your own advice to sleep better.
Student's own work

Grammar Focus Should / Shouldn’t
Subject Pronouns Possessive Pronouns

We use should /shouldn’t to give advice. I mine
Examples: Should I ask him for advice? I think you should. He’s a doctor. you yours
he his
Possessive pronouns she hers
We use possessive pronouns to replace possessive adjectives + nouns. it its
This is my medicine or this is mine. Mine refers to my medicine.
Is this your prescription? Is this yours? Yours refers to your prescription. we ours
The expression of mine/hers means ‘One of my/her’. you (plural) yours
A friend of mine is sick. = One of my friends is sick. they theirs
A sister of hers is a surgeon = One of her sisters is a surgeon.
36
REFRESH
Write it down
Correct the following sentences, changing the underlined words for the correct pronoun.
E
T W O
1. Silvia is one of my friends. Silvia is a friend of mine.
N
2. I had to use her telephone. I had to use hers.
3. Those pills are not my pills. Those pills are not mine.
O
4. Dorothy’s prescription is stronger than your prescription. Dorothy’s prescription is stronger than yours. T
U N I T
5. Her daughter is sick and our daughter is, too. Her daughter is sick and ours is, too. I
6. The secretary forgot your appointment and his appointment, too. The secretary forgot your appoinment and his, too. N
U
Read on Doctor’s Advice
Dr. Keller: What’s bothering you, Amy? Chris: Good morning, doctor.
Amy: You know, doctor, I have a terrible headache. Dr. Mendez: How do you feel, Chris?
Even when I sleep, it hurts. Chris: Well, doctor, I have another headache.
Dr. Keller: All right. You should drink a lot of water and I took the medicine you prescribed me. It
try acupuncture. Here is an herbal tea for didn’t help.
you, too. Dr. Mendez: What should I do? I’ll give you a prescription
Amy: Do you think I should go and lay down? for another medicine. It’s much stronger.
Dr. Keller: No, actually I think you should breathe some Let’s hope it helps.
fresh air and go for a walk before bedtime. Chris: And what if it doesn’t?
Amy: Thank you so much, doctor.
Dr. Mendez: We’ll see then, Chris. You should sleep some
Dr. Keller: You’re welcome, Amy more. See you next week!
Who gave the advice? Choose the correct name.
1. You should drink a lot of water. Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
2. You should sleep more. Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
3. You should go for a walk. Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
4. You should take medicine. Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
5. You should drink some herbal tea. Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
6. Who is an allopathic physician? Dr. Keller Dr. Mendez
abc New words Illnesses and Symptoms
Match the illnesses to the symptoms.

ON YOUR OWN
Write about a health
problem that affects
young people. Visit:
http://www.
natsoc.org.au/
our-projects/
biosensitivefutures/
part-4-facts-and-
c a b principles/human-
chickenpox food allergy flu health-issues/
diseases-of-modern-
civilisation to find out
more information.
a Stomach cramps, chills, extreme tiredness, dry child’s
nausea, vomiting, cough, runny nose, stomach trunk, scalp and face and
diarrhea, itching in the symptoms, such as nausea, consists of small, very itchy,
mouth and throat. vomiting and diarrhea. flat red spots, which then turn
Skin reactions are c rash typically appears into raised fluid-filled bumps.
common in children. o
(usually high), n
b
headache,muscle a
aches,
37
L E S SO N TW O
What should I do if I have a headache?

Objective Give advice using should/shouldn’t. Express possibility or ask for
permission using may/may not.
Warm up What should they do?

Start by asking Ss to describe the images and
elicit the new vocabulary.
Suggested answers: I think she has a

headache. I think she has a cough. I think he has a toothache. I think he has a stomachache.
Grammar Focus Should/ Shouldn’t May/May not

How different are sentences A and B? Check it out!
a) You may go there. b) You should go there.
We can use should/shouldn’t to give advice or recommendations. We do not use shouldn't where there isn't any obligation
F OU R
Example: at all.
Should I take this medicine? No, you shouldn´t. Instead we use don't have to or don't need to.
We can use may to express possibility, give or request permission. Example:

Example: He may be sick. May I visit him?
We can use may not to deny a request. You shouldn’t pay here. It’s free. NOT CORRECT
QUAD R AN T
Example: You may not go there. It’s not safe. You don’t need to pay here. It’s free. CORRECT
Listen up Track 5 What Should Betty Do?
What advice does your mother/father normally give you when you’re sick?
Listen to the track and say how many times you hear the modal verbs ‘should’ and ‘may’.
Listen again and complete the table.
Health Problem Advice
After Ss listen to the track, have them
role-play the dialogue, changing the health problems and advice.
Student's own work
Listen again and answer the questions. Complete with your own ideas.
Student's own work
1. Should Betty lift heavy things? No, she shouldn't. 1. If I have a headache, I shouldn't
2. Should Betty have cold drinks? No, she shouldn't. 2. If I have a cough, I shouldn't
3. Should Betty eat french fries? No, she shouldn't. 3. If I have a backache, I shouldn't
4. Should Betty take cough drops? Yes, she should. 4. If I have a sore throat, I shouldn't
5. Should Betty go out and play? No, she shouldn't. 5. If I have the flu, I shouldn't
6. Should Betty have hot tea with honey? Yes, she should. 6. If I have a stomachache, I shouldn't
7. Should Betty use a heating pad? Yes, she should. 7. If I have a fever, I shouldn't
8. Should Betty work out? No, she shouldn't. 8. If I have an earache, I shouldn't
9. Should Betty drink a lot of water? Yes, she should. 9. If I have a toothache, I shouldn't
10.Should Betty drink cold soda? No, she shouldn't. 10.If I have a runny nose, I shouldn't
38
REFRESH
abc New words Illnesses and Symptoms
T W O
cough sprained ankle stomachache sore throat runny nose backache
After you make sure Ss learned the new words,
ask them to mime different health problems for their classmates to guess and to give them appropriate advice using 'should' or 'shouldn't'.
U N I T
Write it down
Give advice for the health problems. Use 'should' or 'shouldn’t' in your sentences.
1. Lesley has a broken leg. She should rest. She shouldn't run.
2. Anne has a fever. She should have hot tea. She shouldn't drink cold milk. rest run use ear drops
stay in bed drink water drink cold milk
3. Pete has a toothache. He should see a dentist. He shouldn't eat candy. see a dentist work out eat candy
4. Andy has an earache. He should use ear drops. He shouldn't go out. go out take aspirin have hot tea
5. Rose has a sprained ankle. She should stay in bed. She shouldn't work out.
Give permission or deny it according to the sentences.
1. “I have a headache. May I use eardrops?” No, you may not.
Ask Ss to role-play
2. “I have a sprained ankle. May I jump?” No, you may not. dialogues using
the sentences
3. “I have a cough. May I drink cold milk?” No, you may not. from this activity.
4. “I have a stomachache. May I drink water?” Yes, you may.
5. “I have a fever. May I go out?” No, you may not.
Check it out!
The flu and the common cold are both respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses.
Common symptoms of the flu are fever, body aches, extreme tiredness, and dry cough. Colds are
usually milder than the flu. People with colds are more likely to have a runny or stuffy nose.
Teamwork Give advice to these people. Compare it with other teams' advice.
Beatrice Ingrid Thomas Rita Lauren Walden
39
Write and role- SAY IT! ON YOUR
OWN
play dialogues What advice would
you give your Write about different health problems and your advice
in pairs. Use the friends if they for taking care of them. Find five more words or phrases
dialogue from got sick? related to health problems and health advice.
Share your ideas Visit http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/
Track 5 as a with your classmates. preliminaryenglish/vocabulary/health-problems.
Use ‘should’ or
model. ‘shouldn’t’.
htm and do the online exercise in pairs or groups.
40
L E S SO N T H R E E
What did you use to do when you were ten?

Objective Talk about past habits using used to.
Warm up They used to …
Grammar Focus Used to
What does ‘used to’ express in the following sentences?

• At his old job, he used to travel a lot.
• My parents used to go camping every summer when they were younger.
We use ‘used to’ for something that happened regularly in the past but doesn’t happen anymore.
Example: Pete used to live in Boston five years ago. Now he lives in New York. Did he use to live in Boston
Did he use to live in New York? - No, he didn’t.
F OU R
Complete the sentences about yourself.

Ten years ago, I used to
QUAD R AN T
Read on 100 Years Ago

. When I was twelve, I used to
.
Today about half of the population in the US is female, but a hundred years ago, most people living in the
U.S. were male. Most people used to live in the country and in rented homes, and used to live in
households with five or more other people. Now, most people in the U.S. either live alone or with no
more than one or two people. Imagine that only 14 percent of homes used to have a bathtub, and
only one out of 500 Americans used to drive a car. Many Americans used to travel by horse-drawn
carriages. The average American worker used to earn between $200 to $500 per year, and more
than 90% of women used to give birth at home. Nowadays, a midwife at home attends to very few
women. Most women used to wash their hair once a month and used egg yolks for shampoo. Many
households used to have at least one full-time servant, and most doctors used to practice medicine
without a college degree.
1. How many people used to live in households 100 years ago?

five or more people
2. Where did Americans use to live?
in the country and in rented homes
3. How often did women use to wash their hair?
once a month
4. Where did most women use to give birth?
at home
40
5. How much did the average American worker use to earn?
$200 to $500 a year
6. How did most Americans use to travel?
by horse-drawn carriages
41
REFRESH
Listen up Track 6 What Did She Use to Do?
Listen to what Sharon says about things she used to do in the past. Put a check on the photographs
T W O
that represent her past habits. Look at the photographs and remember what she says.
  
U N I T
 
Teamwork
Imagine what our descendants would write about our life in 100 years and their life in the future. The
team that completes the table the fastest is the winner.
lock house doors have pets watch TV get old wear glasses eat meat drive cars
use computers use shampoo use the Internet travel by airplane read books
100 YEARS AGO PRESENT DAYS
People used to get Now we don’t get old.

old.
Student's own work
SAY IT!
ON YOUR
Ask and answer the questions in OWN
pairs. When you were a child…
Visit http://www.dailymotion.com/
• What music did you use to listen to?
video/xrxwt9_madonna-this-used-to-
• Who used to be your best friend?
• What clothes did you use to wear? be-my-playground_music Listen. What
• What pets did you use to have? are a few of the things she misses? What do
• What TV programs did you use to you think about this song? Write a paragraph
watch? about things you used to do or places you
used to go to. Read it aloud to your group.
42
L E S SO N F O U R
Have you ever parasailed?

Objective Use the Present Perfect to talk about recent medical advances and sports
experiences.
Warm up What are they doing? Read on
Do you think that extreme sports are safe?

What do you think the most common sports
injuries are?
Read the article to find about recent medical
advances in the treatment of sports injuries.
Arthroscopic surgery has been one of the recent medical
advances that allow doctors to treat an injury more quickly,
resulting in less trauma, swelling and scar tissue.
A new technique called tissue engineering has been used to
treat sports injuries. It addresses the problem by transplanting
healthy cartilage from one area of the body to another.
Scientists in the UK have made a stem cell breakthrough.
They have grown cartilage cells from embryonic stem cells.
Replacing cartilage can delay the need for joint replacements
in some patients and it has resulted in a higher degree of
success, due to a significant reduction of the recovery period.
F OU R
Listen up Track 7 Safe?
Have you ever parasailed?

Do you consider it safe? Is it safe for a child to parasail alone?
Is parasailing popular in your country?
QUAD R AN T
Listen to the local news and write correct sentences here.

1. Parasailing is done in the northern states of our country.
Parasailing is done in the southern states of our country.
2. Mike Kinsley is five years old.
Mike Kinsley is six years old.
3. Mike has parasailed thirty times.
Mike has parasailed twenty times.
4. Mr. Kinsley hasn’t asked for any support.
Mr. Kinsley asked for support.
5. Mr. Kinsley might have to sell his boat.
Ask Ss to say what sports they consider
100% safe and why. Mr. Kinsley might have to to pay a big fine.
6. The Coastguard Agency sent a letter to Mike Kinsley a week ago.
The Coastguard Agency sent a letter to Mr. Kinsley a week ago.
Work in pairs Read on
Work in pairs and discuss. Listen to Track 7 again and answer the questions.
Why are these verb forms used in the news?
1. How old is Mike?
• has parasailed 2. How many times has he parasailed alone?
• has banned 3. Who has Jake Kinsley asked for support?
• sent
4. Who sent the letter?
• has asked
5. Who received the letter?
43
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Present Perfect with ‘ever’ and ‘never’
We can use the Present Perfect with ‘ever’ and ‘never’ to ask about experiences.
T W O
Example: – Have you ever ridden a horse? No, I have never ridden one before.
– Has she ever tried octopus? No, she has never tried it.
Write it down SAY IT!

Discuss these questions in small groups.
U N I T
Do you think Mike should be allowed to parasail alone?
In your notebook, write what you think about the news from Why do you think the coastguard agency wants to ban it?
Why does Mr. Kinsley allow his son to parasail alone?
Track 7. Choose the beginning of one sentence and completeDo
it you think the local child protection agency will support Mr. Kinsley?
with your own ideas.
I think that Mike should be allowed to parasail alone because…
I don’t think that Mike should be allowed to parasail alone
because… Additionally, ask Ss to write an explanation letter from Mr. Kinsley and from the
abc New words
Look up the definitions for these words and write sentences using them.
1. to ban
2. agency
3. warning
4. fine (n)
Teamwork
Look at the photographs and write what James has or has never done. The photographs marked with the
check mark represent affirmative statements. Then answer the questions. The fastest team will win.
    
ride a horse sail a boat climb a mountain race a go-kart write a book

James has never ridden a horse. 1. Has James sailed a boat? Yes, he has.
2. Has he written a book? No, he hasn't.
James has never climbed a mountain.
3. Has he ridden a horse? No, he hasn't.
4. Has he raced a go-kart? Yes, he has.
James has sailed a boat.
5. Has he climbed a mountain? No, he hasn't.
James has raced a go-kart.
James has never written a book.
SAY IT!
ON YOUR OWN
Write a question to ask your classmates. Interview them and
Visit http://www.quibblo.com/quiz/8Y5yeJV/
complete the table.
HAVE-YOU-EVER and take the
has done it has never done it “Have you ever…?” quiz in pairs or
small groups.
STUDENT 1 Discuss your and your classmate’s
STUDENT 2 answers. Find five things none of
your classmates has ever done.
STUDENT 3
44 STUDENT 4
Find out how many
classmates have done
similar things.
45
L E S SO N F I V E
Consolidation
Objective Use the Past Participle of regular and irregular verbs.
Listen up Track 8 Checking Homework
Listen to the conversation and write the answers to the teacher’s questio
Student's own work
Grammar Focus Past Participle verbs

F OU R
Simple Simple Past Present

verb Present Past Participle Participle Infinitive
bring bring(s) brought brought bringing to bring
jump jump(s) jumped jumped jumping to jump

QUAD R AN T
sing sing(s) sang sung singing to sing
Participles come in two varieties: past and present. They are two of the five forms or principal parts that every verb has.
Past Participles do not have a consistent ending. The Past Participles of all regular verbs end in ed; the Past Participles of
irregular verbs, however, vary considerably. If you look at bring and sing, for example, you’ll see that their Past
Participles
–brought and sung–do not follow the same pattern even though both verbs have ing as the ending.
Consult a dictionary whenever you are unsure of a verb’s Past Participle form.
Write the Past Participle forms of these irregular verbs in your notebook.
speak, run, go, do, swim, take, give, grow, fly, fall, keep, say, tell, fight, show, see, understand, become
Write it down
Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences. Compare with a partner.
1.
This tree has really grown tall. (fallen, grown, shown)
2.
Some students haven’t spoken to their teacher because they left. (spoken, given, seen)
3.
I’ve shown you my best paintings. Did you like them? (written, read, shown)
4.
Have you kept my umbrella at your place? I need it today. (become, kept, gone)
5.
He has done his homework. I think it was quite easy. (done, burnt, told)
44
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
When you talk about experience, you can use the Present Perfect, but when you
T W O
want to be specific about time, you need to use the Simple Past.
For example:
Have you ever been to China? Yes, I went there last year.
U N I T
SIGNAL WORDS
SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
yesterday just
... ago already
in 1990 up to now
the other day until now / till

now
last ... ever
this … (not) yet
so far
lately / recently
Complete with the correct tense of the verb in parenthesis.
1. Let's go out. Have you washed (you / wash) the dishes yet?
2. I cleaned (clean) the kitchen yesterday, but I haven't had
(have / not) the time yet to do it today.
3. Did you make (you / make) your bed this morning?
4. Good morning. You arrived (arrive) home from that party two hours ago!
5. You haven't finished (you / not / finish) the report yet! When did you start (you / start) it?
45
PROJECT WORK
HAVE YOU EVER…?
Take this fun quiz.

Discuss the answers with your classmates.
Now create a fun “Have you ever…?” quiz of your own and share it with your classmates.
• Have you ever been online for more than ten hours in a row?
• Have you ever eaten food that fell on the floor?
• Have you ever gone out without your shoes on?
• Have you ever got into a fist fight?
• Have you ever broken something and blamed someone else?
• Have you ever opened your Christmas presents early?
• Have you ever pretended to be someone you weren’t?
• Have you ever swallowed bath water?
• Have you ever had hiccups for a long time in public?
• Have you ever forgotten your mother’s birthday?
• Have you ever been caught lying?
• Have you ever been seen doing something you told everyone you would never do?
My fun quiz “Have you ever…?”
Student's own work
46
CULTURAL READING
Have Ss scan the text to find safety
What is scuba diving?

CLIL Have you ever gone scuba diving? recommendations
or advice. Discuss different extreme sport
Would you like to go scuba diving? If yes, why? If not, why not?
Scuba Diving
Some people scuba dive because they want to see the beauty of a
reef and the marine life that inhabits it. Others want to feel the thrill
of discovery deep inside a wreck or cave. Most people do it for
the enjoyment of experiencing the underwater world. A world that
is so far from ours, that when you see it, it truly amazes you. Some
people photograph brightly-colored tropical fish. Some even film the
power and grace of sharks and make a living from working
underwater.
Scuba diving is swimming underwater using a SCUBA – Self Contained
Underwater Breathing Apparatus. People scuba dive using a cylinder of compressed gas to breathe. If
you scuba dive, you will be able to stay underwater much longer than by just holding your breath. It is
done recreationally all around the world.
If you decide to scuba dive, you need to make sure that you’re in good health. You have to be free of any
serious medical conditions. If you sign up for a scuba diving course, you will have to answer a
medical questionnaire and you will need to be able to swim and float in water.
When you sign up for a course, you might have to decide what type of scuba diving to do; recreational,
technical or commercial.
The most popular places among scuba divers are the tropical reefs of the Caribbean and the Great Barrier
Reef. But there are many wonderful things to be found in cold water environments such as lakes and
rivers.
• What pros and cons do
Write it down snorkeling and scuba
diving have?
• What would you do
Read the text and answer the questions. snorkeling or scuba diving?
Explain your choices.
1. Why do some people scuba dive?
Some people scuba dive because they want to see the beauty of a reef and the marine life.
2. Why do most people scuba dive?
Most people scuba dive for the enjoyment of experiencing the underwater world.
3. What do some scuba divers do?
Some scuba divers film sharks.
4. What do you need to make sure of, if you decide to scuba dive?
You need to make sure that you're in good health.
5. What will you have to answer if you sign up for a scuba diving
course?
You will have to answer a medical questionnaire.
6. What are the most popular places among scuba divers?
The most popular places among scuba divers are the tropical reefs of the Caribbean and the Great Barrier Reef.
SAY IT!
After you read the article on the WEB SEARCH site, discuss these
questions.
• How are snorkeling and scuba diving different?
• What equipment is used when snorkeling?
47
ICT
Visit http://articles. sun-sentinel. com/keyword/ snorkeling

and read two articles of your choice about snorkeling.
Retell the articles to your classmates.
48
WORKBOOK
Unit Two
Lessons 1 to 4
• Should I take it?
• What should I do if I have a headache?
• What did you use to do when you were ten?
• Have you ever parasailed?
47
SHOULD I T AKE IT ?
1 Match the photographs to the symptoms. Write appropriate advice next to each.
T W O
a. headache e
U N I T
b. backache d
c. rash f
d. stomachache a
e. a cut b
f. flu c
Workbook 49
WHA T SHOULD I D O IF I HA V E A H E A D A C H E ?
2 Look at the photographs and choose the correct answers for the questions below.
Natalia Daniel
Zaira
Nicholas Andrew Claire

Student's own work
a. Should Zaira run? Yes, she should. No, she shouldn’t.

b. Should Nicholas eat pizza? Yes, he should. No, he shouldn’t.
c. Should Natalia drink cold milk? Yes, she should. No, she shouldn’t.
d. Should Daniel rest? Yes, he should. No, he shouldn’t.
e. Should Claire take an aspirin? Yes, she should. No, she shouldn’t.
F OU R
f. Should Andrew have hot tea with honey? Yes, he should. No, he shouldn’t.
3 Listen to Track 5 and choose YES or NO for the statements below.
a. Betty should take cough drops. YES NO

b. Betty should have cold soda. YES NO
QUAD R AN T
c. Betty shouldn’t have hot tea with honey. YES NO

d. Betty should eat chocolate cake. YES NO
e. Betty should take an aspirin. YES NO
f. Betty shouldn’t use a heating pad. YES NO
g. Betty should eat french fries. YES NO
h. Betty should rest. YES NO
4 Write five sentences giving advice to stay healthy. Use ‘should’ or ‘shouldn’t’.
•
•
•
•
•
Student's own work
5 Imagine that a sibling or best friend has the flu. What would you allow him/her to do and w
You may
You may not
Student's own work
50
W O R K B OO K LESSON THREE
REFRESH
WHAT DID YOU USE TO DO WHEN YOU WERE TEN?
6 Complete the text.
I travel a lot because of my job. I didn’t use to travel in my old job, but now I have to, and I love it.
T W O
I lived in Tokyo for several weeks, and I used to go to clubs every weekend. They are great fun! Now that
I’m married, I don’t visit them so often. I used to like fish, but not anymore - after eating it raw for so long!
In the beginning, I used to have trouble using chopsticks and driving on the left side of the roabdu,t now I’m an expert!
If you have the chance to get a job in which you have to travel, by all means take it!
U N I T
7 Look at the photographs and correct the sentences about what these people need / have to get used
Benjamin Theresa Carolina Benjamin

Pete
Benjamin has to get used to change diapers. Benjamin has to get used to changing diapers.
Theresa has to get used to do the laundry. Theresa has to get used to doing the laundry.
Carolina has to get used to wake up early. Carolina has to get used to waking up early.
Pete has to get used to cook. Pete has to get used to cooking.
Fred has to get used to study. Fred has to get used to studying.
8 Answer the questions about yourself.
1. What did you use to do when you were an eight-year-old child?
2. Where did your parents use to take you when you were a baby?
3. What did you use to eat when you were a child?
4. What toys did you use to have?
5. What subject did you use to have problems with in primary school?
6. Who used to be your best friend when you were in primary school?
Student's own work
Workbook 51
HA VE Y OU EVER P ARA S AILED ?
9 Listen to Track 7 and answer the questions.
1. Is parasailing considered a safe activity?

Yes, it is.
2. In what states is it
done? in the southern states
3. Who has banned a 6-year-old boy from parasailing alone?
The Coastguard Agency
4. How many times has Mike parasailed alone?
about twenty times
5. Who has Jake asked for support?
the Child Protection Agency
6. Who sent a letter to Jake Kinsley?
The Ridley Coastguard Agency
7. Why might Jake have to pay a big fine?
if he allows Mike to parasail alone
10 Write the definitions for these words.

1. warning
a statement or event that indicates a possible or impending danger
2. to ban
officially or legally prohibit something
3. fine a sum of money paid as a penalty to a court of law or other authority
4. agency a department providing a specific service for a government
QUAD R AN T F OU R
11 Complete the table.
What has James never done? What has James done?

He has never ridden a horse. He has sailed a boat.
He has never climbed a mountain. He has raced a go-kart.
He has never written a book.
Visit http://omgtoptens.com/health/top-10-medical-breakthroughs-21st-century/
ICT
and read about the top ten medical breakthroughs of the 21st century. Answer and discuss the
questions here. Student's own work
1. What discovery has been hailed by many scientists as the most important in the last 200 years?
2. What discovery has completely changed the prognosis of cervical cancer in women?
3. What has been altered and placed back within the bone marrow of a 7-year-old boy?
4. What technology has shown incredible promise in the different ways it has been used?
5. What technology has forever changed the way that doctors can keep up-to-date on their patients?
6. What two discoveries have opened new doors to more medication that can help millions of cancer patients?
7. What technique have doctors been working on since 2005?
8. What law has been approved to help fight against second-hand smoke and lung cancer?
9. What surgery has the highest level of accuracy?
52
10.In what field of medicine have there been “marvels” and “miracles” in the last ten years?
53
RUBRIC S REFRESH
Attitude
Week / Month
T W O
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
U N I T
Student is late
Student is
class with ideas

engages in

and class and class
Student stands
presentation.
Total:
52
RUBRIC S
Week / Month
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
errors.

Student is able
F OU R
Student uses a
QUAD R AN T

meaning.
communication.



Total:
55
RUBRIC S REFRESH
T W O
1 2 3 4 5
U N I T
1 2 3 Me

groups.
Name: Date:
Knowing
Doing
Being
Participation
Integration
Learning effort
54
QUADRANT
FOUR
ACTIVATE UNIT 3
Think about this.
1. Write the names of three famous sports people you admire. Next to their name, write
the sport for which they are famous. Tell your class why you admire them.
2. Write five things you have recently accomplished. For example: I’ve just got my
driver’s license.
3. What zodiac sign are you? Read your horoscope and write below what the future has
in store for you!
Refresh
55
UNIT THREE
Have you ever...? The future
Talk about sports, public places, people's lives, experiences, the future.
In This Unit
VOCABULARY • Sports, action verbs, job interview phrases, weather and future events.
• Present Perfect with ever, never, just, already, yet, since, for, how long; going to for predictions
GRAMMAR FOCUS based on evidence; will/won't and may/might.
SPEAKING • Talk about sports that you haven't tried, job interview and role-play a dialogue.
• Talk about sports, visiting public places, talk about people's lives, make predictions and ask about
COMPETENCES the future.

GC4GC3 Do you know how to...

Ask Ss to look at
the photographs
and describe • Talk about sports you haven't practiced?
them. Ask Ss to say which
sports they practice and • Talk about public places you have visited?
why. Elicit the weather
today and tomorrow's • Make weather predictions and say what the
forecast. future will be like?
1.Where will you learn to talk about travel experiences? Page

63
2.Where will you learn to talk about the weather? Page
67
3.Where will you learn to talk about sports? Page
60
4.Where will you listen to a job interview? Page
65
5.How many gadgets are mentioned in the cultural reading?
4
Notre Dame 63
sports 60
a tomb 63
a soccer ball 60, 61
weather symbols 67
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Aries: Whatever comes your way will be

something that will bring hope, happiness,
good fortune - and relief! By midsummer, your
love life will be strong.
Taurus: This year, you'll finally get your wish.
On New Year's Day, Jupiter will be in your sign,
and will be there for six months. Taurus is a
good-natured sign, and enjoys the company
of friends. This year you'll have more to
celebrate than usual!
Gemini: Routine is not for Gemini. They like to
seek out the unusual, bizarre, and unexpected
and they'll certainly see a lot of it! This year,
most Gemini will thrive on all the changes
going on.
Cancer: You'll be a lot happier this year.
No matter how bad things may seem, this year
will be different. Enjoy the good times, and keep
in mind that the bad times won't really be that
bad.
Leo: You're feeling inspired, doing your best to reach your most cherished goals, and planning a future that
will bring good fortune your way. Avoid temptation (aka, distractions)!
Virgo: At the start of the year, Jupiter, planet of abundance, will be in Taurus, the sign of money, connecting
with Mars, planet of action. Your economy will start to recover. Whatever you hope for, you'll be able to create
it - and perhaps even more.
ICT
Form teams according to your sign. Visit http:// www.spiffy-
entertainment. com/zodiac. html. Find out your sign’s history. Present your findings
to your classmates.
TEAMWORK
Work in teams. If your sign is in the text, what do you

think about what it says? Underline the word(s) that
refer to the future. What form of the verb comes after
will? Which are the other signs of the zodiac? Write
a horoscope for the other 6. Read them aloud to your
classmates. Do they like your predictions?
58
1. Choose the correct sentence. 6. Who is planning a future?

a.Cancer will have really bad times. a.Taurus
b.Aries will lose the love of his/her life. b.Leo
c.Taurus will celebrate more than usual. c.Aries
d.Leo’s economy will grow. d.Virgo
2. Strange things will be common for ...
a.Taurus. 7. Who will be relieved?
b.Gemini.
a.Taurus
c.Aries.
b.Leo
d.Virgo.
c.Aries
d.Virgo
3. What does “temptation” mean in this context?
a.attraction 8. Who will get their wish?
b.urge
a.Taurus
c.fascination
b.Leo
d.distraction
c.Aries
4. Who will get fortune and happiness? d.Virgo
a.Taurus 9. Which is the planet of abundance?
b.Cancer
a.Venus
c.Aries
b.Jupiter
d.Leo
c.Mars
d.Earth
5. Jupiter will be in Taurus in this sign: 10.Who will have both good and bad times?
a.Aries a.Leo
b.Gemini b.Aries
c.Leo c.Taurus
d.Virgo d.Cancer
1. 6.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
2. 7.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
3. 8.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
4. 9.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
5. 10.
a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
59
L E S SO N ON E
What sports have you played?

Objective Use the Present Perfect Simple to express your and other’s experiences and
talk about sports.
Warm up What have they done?
Listen up Track 9 Ronaldo Has Never Given Up!

F OU R
Who is your favorite soccer player?

What sport is your favorite?
Listen to the track and complete the text. Then listen again and answer the questions.
Christiano Ronaldo is only 28 years old, but hehas already become the best
soccer player of the year twice.
QUAD R AN T
Whichever club he has played for, it has always won the most important
matches. Christiano has dealt with controversies
regarding his transfer. He has already chosen to stay in Real Madrid. In
several interviews, he has stressed to the public that he has no
intention of leaving the club.
He’s a very family-oriented person and he has already contributed
to projects that have supported the building of sports centers for
underprivileged children.
Cristiano is an avid learner and he takes interest in learning new things every day. Among Christiano's biggest pet peeves are
smoking and people who don't make an effort to achieve their goals.
He has auctioned off many of his things to raise funds for charity foundations. Christiano has never given up and says that
failure is never an option when he wants to win.
1. How many times has Christiano won the best player of the year? charity projects
twice 6. What has he done to raise funds for charity
foundations?
2. What controversies has Christiano dealt with? He has auctioned off many of his
regarding his transfer to another club things.
3. What club has he chosen to stay in?

Real Madrid
4. What has he stressed to the public?

that he has no intention of leaving the club
5. What projects has he contributed to?
60
What can you remember about Christiano?
Use these verbs to talk about him:
win become play contribute

choose stress out give up
Make sure Ss use the present perfec

sentences.
61
REFRESH
Grammar Focus Present Perfect Simple

E
T HR E E
We can use the Present Perfect Simple to talk about an action that happened at an unspecified time E
before now. R
I/You/We/They have/have not past participle H
He/She/It has/has not past participle T
Short answers: T
U N I T
– Have I/you/we/they arrived? – Yes, I/you/we/they have. – No, I/you/we/they haven’t. I
N
– Has he/she/it arrived? – Yes, he/she/it has. – No, he/she/it hasn’t.
U
abc New words
Match the words to their definitions. Write sentences of your own using them.
1. failure c
a. an institution devoted to financing research or charity
b. a frequent subject of complaint
2. foundation a
c. lack of success
d. characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit
3. controversy e
e. a discussion marked especially by the expression of opposing views
4. warm up f f. a preparation activity or procedure
5. pet peeve b
6. avid d
Student's own work
Teamwork
These photographs represent Christiano Ronaldo’s training routine. The team that writes what he
does before the match to get in shape first will win.
pr
SAY IT! act
ici
ng
What sports do
sp
you play?
ort
Do any of your
s?
friends practice
Tel
sports?
l
Have you ever
yo
practiced sports?
ur
What sport would
cla
you like to practice?
ss
What are the
ma
advantages of
60
tes.
ON YOUR OWN
Read the article on http://

ezinearticles.com/?Practicing-
Sports-in-Order-to-Gain-Real-Health-
Benefits&id=3321653 and answer the
questions in pairs.
• What do sports help
improve?
• How should sports be
played?
• What has science
demonstrated?
YOU RULE!!!
61
L E S SO N TW O
What have you just done?

Objective Use the Present Perfect with just, already, yet and talk about visiting
public places.
Warm up What have they just done?
Make sure Ss use 'just' in their answers.

Suggested answers: They've just played video games. They've just played soccer/basketball. He's just eaten. She's just swum. She's just woken up.
Write it down
F OU R
Pete and Monica are going to travel for the weekend. They’re leaving in an hour. They’ve been doing
many things around the house.
Look at the photographs. Say what they’ve just/already done or haven’t done yet. Then write
sentences in your notebook. Use these verbs: pack, feed, do, water, switch off, lock.
QUAD R AN T
Suggested answers:
They've already fed their cat. They've just packed. They've already done the dishes.
They haven't watered the plants yet. They haven't switched the lights off yet. They haven't locked the doors yet.
Grammar Focus Present Perfect Simple with ‘just’, ‘already’, ‘yet’
What do these sentences express?

I’ve just swept the floor.
She’s already seen this movie.
They haven’t sold their car yet.
We use the Present Perfect with ‘just’ to mean that something has happened very recently.
Get Ss to write more examples Example:
using the He’s just arrived.
Present Perfect with 'yet', 'already',
We use'just'
theand to readPerfect
Present them to the group.
with ‘yet’
to mean that something we expected to happen hasn’t hap
Example: I haven’t washed my clothes yet.
We use the Present Perfect with ‘already’ to mean that something happened earlier than we exp
Example: They’ve already gone to the theater.
62
REFRESH
Read on In Paris!
T HR E E
Read Tania’s letter and mark the photographs which represent what Tania has already seen/visited
in Paris. Read Tania’s letter again and answer the questions below.
You know that going to Paris has always been my dream. Finally it came true! I’m here, in Paris.
It has been an amazing experience. I’m sending you the photos of the places I’ve already visited.
I’m leaving in 5 days and I hope to see much more. As for any tourist, the first sight to see was the
U N I T
Eiffel Tower. I had an incredible meal at “Le 58 Tour Eiffel”. It’s a restaurant located on the tower’s first
level. It offers traditional French cuisine. Everybody knows that the Louvre is a famous art museum in
Paris. And yes, of course, I’ve seen Leonardo De Vinci’s “Mona Lisa”.
I’ve also seen Greek vase paintings, sculptures, historical and mythical figures and other paintings
completed during the Renaissance and other periods. The Opera Bastille is a famous opera house
in Paris, but I haven’t been there yet. I’ve already visited the Notre Dame Cathedral. Climbing the 387
steps to the top of this masterpiece was well worth the effort for the spectacular view.
I’ve also been to the Catacombs of Paris. They are unlike anything else I’ve ever seen. They’re a maze of underground tunnels
with alcoves that go back up to 20 feet that are full of bones.
I haven’t gone shopping in the Galleries Lafayette yet. They say it is a gourmet shopping feast with all types of prestigious stores.
And how could I not visit a place where one of history’s greatest legends rests? The Tomb of Napoleon. Knowing the history of
this remarkable man made the visit so much more meaningful.
I have so much to tell you. Miss you. Your friend, Tania.
  
1. Has Tania already eaten in “Le 58 Tour Eiffel”? Yes, she has.
2. Has Tania been to the Opera Bastille? No, she hasn’t.
3. Has Tania seen Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa”? Yes, she has.
4. Has Tania climbed to the top of the Notre Dame Cathedral? Yes, she has.
Teamwork
Read the sentences which express the result of something that has just been done. The team that
writes the most sentences using the Present Perfect Simple with ‘just’, becomes the winner.
Example: The house is clean. They’ve just cleaned it.

ON YOUR SAY IT!
OWN
• The movie was interesting. Remember a trip to a new Perform a dialogue

They’ve just seen it.
town/city/ country. with a classmate.
• The baby is full. Complete the table and compare it Imagine you’re
He’s just eaten.
with your classmates’. going on vacation.
• The plants look beautiful. You have many things
I’ve just watered them. I’ve already seen/ I haven’t seen/ to do before you leave.
• This novel will be successful. visited. visited yet. Discuss what you have
You’ve just written it.
just done or haven’t
• I can’t find my keys. done yet.
I've just lost them.
63
L E S SO N T H R E E
How long have you worked there?

Objective Practice job interviews and use the Present Perfect with for and since.
Warm up What has Malika done since this morning?

Suggested answers: She has worked out.
She has had breakfast. She has walked the dog. She has made some phone calls.
After Ss complete the task, have them compare their tables and explain their mistakes to
each other. Then get Ss to write sentences of their own using the Present Perfect Simple and the phrases from the table.
Grammar Focus Present Perfect with ‘for’ and ‘since’
Present Perfect with ‘for’ and ‘since’

F OU R
• She hasn’t smoked since 2013.

• She hasn’t smoked for three years.
We can use ‘for’ with the Present Perfect when we talk about a period of time an action has
lasted.
Example: I have worked in this company for ten years.
We can use ‘since’ with the Present Perfect when we talk about a specific moment an action start
QUAD R AN T
Example: He hasn’t worked here since August.
Write it down
Complete the table with the expressions below.

SINCE FOR
last Sunday six years
this morning five minutes
1997 a year
last night a long time
2008 an hour
six years last Sunday 1997 a year five minutes

this morning a long time an hour last night 2008
abc New words Complete with the correct word (s).
• hire • aware of • pros and cons • payroll Check it out! employment employer
He’s an employer.
1.
I think Mr. Rick won’t hire Martha. She doesn’t have any job He employs people. employ
experience. There are 40
2.
Your decision has its pros and cons . Have you thought it through? employees in his
3.
We can’t pay you unless you’re on the payroll . company.
4.
Sandra isn’t aware of the situation our company is currently facing. Kim doesn’t work. employee unemployed
She’s unemployed.
64
REFRESH
Listen up Track 10 If Only…

Have you ever had a job interview? What questions were you asked? Was your interview successful?
T HR E E
Listen to the first job interview and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements below.
1. Caroline hasn’t seen the new facilities yet. TRUE FALSE
2. She has done research about the company. TRUE FALSE
3. Caroline has been unemployed for a year. TRUE FALSE
4. It has been easy for her to find a job. TRUE FALSE
U N I T
5. Caroline graduated two years ago. TRUE FALSE
6. The company doesn’t include a new employee on the payroll for the first three months. TRUE FALSE
7. Caroline hasn’t made up her mind about working in the company. TRUE
FALSE
Listen to the second job interview and answer the questions.
1. Why didn't Christian arrive on time? The traffic has been awful.
2. Where has Christian studied graphic design? Herzing College
3. How long has Christian studied graphic design? since 2002
4. Where has he worked for two years? GLC International
5. Has Christian worked in another company since 2007? No, he hasn’t.
Listen to both job interviews again and role-play them in pairs.
Teamwork
Each team has to write sentences using the Present Perfect Simple affirmative or negative according
to the photographs. The photographs with the check mark represent affirmative statements. The
fastest team will win. Read your sentences out loud.

Sam - quit his job Lola - make a phone call
ON YOUR OWN
Ask a classmate these questions. Write the

answers and report to the class.
• How long have you studied English?
• Have you ever applied for a job?
• Have you sent your job résumé?
• What job experience have you had so far?
Fred - apply for a new Rose - sign the contract YOU ARE AMAZING!!!
job
SAY IT!
Visit http://www.
quintcareers.com/interview_
question_database/
interview_questions.html
and practice job interviews in
  pairs or groups.
Nina - receive a package Dan - have a business

meeting
65
L E S SO N F O U R
Is it going to be sunny tomorrow?

Objective Talk about weather forecasts using going to.
Warm up What is the weather going to be like tomorrow?
Listen up Track 11 Weather Forecast
How often do you listen to the weather forecast?

Listen to the weather forecast and draw the correct symbols on the map below.
F OU R
QUAD R AN T
Las Vegas Sao Paulo London Helsinki Mumbai Beijing Moscow Sydney
1.It’s going to be rainy.  
2.It’s going to be stormy. 
3.It’s going to be sunny. 
4.It’s going to be cloudy. 
5.It’s going to be snowy. 
6.It’s going to be foggy. 
7.It’s going to be hot. 
8.It’s going to be cold.  
9.It’s going to be a little rainy.

66
REFRESH
abc New words Weather
Mark the weather icon which represents today’s weather. Draw these icons on a map and ask your
T HR E E
classmates what the weather is going to be like there. Complete the sentences with the correct
words.
1.
It’s going to be ra i ny in Cape Town.
2. It’s not going to be s u nny in Chicago.
U N I T
3.
It’s going to be cl o udy in Mumbai.
rainy sunny partly cloudy
4.
It’s going to be stor m y in Omsk.
5.
It’s not going to be w i ndy in Perth.
6.
It’s going to be sno w y in Vancouver.
partly sunny scattered showers foggy
7.
There’s going to be scattered sh o wers in Paris.
8.
It’s going to be fog g y in Kabul.
windy snowy stormy
Grammar Focus Going to (predictions based on evidence)

• They say it will rain tomorrow. • Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
We can use ‘going to’ when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see
now.
Examples: Is it going to be sunny this weekend? – I don’t think so. It’s really cloudy. It’s not going to be su
Read on
Read the article and discuss it in pairs or groups. How accurate are the weather forecasts that you
normally listen to?
To gather data for weather forecasts, an amazing range of equipment in the sky, on the ground, and at sea is used. Satellites and
airplanes play an important part in gathering data. Such data is used in areas where other data sources are not available.
Satellites give global coverage, but the accuracy is quite low. More accurate readings are given when the instruments for gathering
data are on the ground or within the earth’s atmosphere.
Teamwork
One team has to say what weather conditions are expected in different cities/countries around the world.
The other team has to mark them on a map using the weather symbols/icons. The team that places all the
symbols correctly wins.
SAY IT!
ON YOUR OWN
What would be a “perfect” weather forecast
Visit www.worldweather.org and choose ten cities
for you? Would you like it to be sunny, rainy
or cloudy in your city? Discuss it with around the world to read about their weather forecast.
your classmates. Write about it in your notebook. Use ‘going to’ in your
Role-play a dialogue in pairs asking what the sentences and report your findings to the group.
weather is going to be like in different cities You can use the map in this lesson to draw the weather
of the world. symbols for the weather conditions you describe.
YOU ARE INCREDIBLE!!!
67
L E S SO N F I V E
Consolidation
Objective Describe activities / experiences. Describe future plans and events using
going to.
1. Write the Past Participle of the following verbs. Check your answers on page 88 or in a dictionary.
sing read work

go write study
do tell show
buy be play
ring hide think
break take deliver
give bring allow
2. Complete the table in the Present Perfect Simple.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION
We’ve read this book. We haven't read this book. Have we read this book?
She's arrived. She hasn’t arrived. Has she arrived (yet)?
He's gone abroad. He hasn't gone abroad.
F OU R
Has he gone abroad?

He’s worked a lot. He hasn't worked a lot. Has he worked a lot?
They've bought it. They have not bought Have they bought it?
it.
You've drawn it. You haven't drawn it. Have you drawn it?
3.Choose the correct form of the verbs to complete the sentences.

QUAD R AN T
1. Sarah has many articles about this subject. They were quite interesting.
a. written b. wrote c. write
2. We haven’t anywhere with your parents because they don’t like me.
a. go b. went c. gone
3. The students have their homework. You can check it now.
a. finishes b. finishing c. finished
4. Tom hasn’t a new car because he hasn’t sold the old one yet.
a. bought b. buy c. buying
5. Scientists have a remedy for this autoimmune disorder.
a. find b. found c. finded
6. Alex hasn’t his bike since his brother had an accident last year.
a. rode b. ridden c. rides
7. I have your work. It’s amazing. I think you should display it next Monday at school.
a. seen b. saw c. see
8. Who has my English classes more than three times this month?
a. misses b. missed c. missing
9. My daughter has to go to the concert with her friends.
a. dress up b. dressing up c. dressed up
10.Mary and Frank have . Frank is devastated.
a. break up b. broken up c. breaking up
68
REFRESH
Listen up Track 12 In the Future!
T HR E E
Answer about yourself.
Student's own work
1. What are you going to do tonight?
2. What are you going to do tomorrow morning?
3. What are you going to do in two days?
4. What are you going to do this weekend?
U N I T
5. What are you going to do this summer vacation?
Grammar Focus Going to
Why do we say:
We are going to make pancakes tomorrow morning.
When did we decide to make pancakes?
Complete this rule:

We use ‘going to’ to talk about .
What is the difference between these two sentences?
— I’m going to buy some eggs.
— OK, I’ll come with you!
Discuss your ideas with your teacher and classmates.
Work in pairs
Interview your classmates and complete the table. Report your findings to the group.
What are you going to do...

Student 1 Student 2
this weekend? next week?

Student's own work
69
PROJECT WORK
COOL GADGET
What does the photograph on this page represent?
What do you think you’re going to read about?
Read the article.
Which of the described gadgets do you find the most useful for disabled people?
Underline all the relative pronouns in the text.
Answer the questions below.
If you could invent a new gadget for disabled people, what gadget would you invent?
How would it work?
Work in teams and write a description of a new gadget.
Imagine that the opposite team represents a company which you have to convince to invest in producing and selling
your new gadget.
1. The self-powered wheelchair generates electricity, which makes it more visible at night. It
comes equipped with a built-in power plant that can operate and generate electricity based on
the rotation of the wheels. The person who uses this gadget can check and monitor the power
stored in the batteries by looking at the LCD screen which is placed in the middle of each
wheel.
2. The robotic bed-wheelchair is a bed which transforms in a wheelchair that can be easily
accessible for those who cannot walk. One of the main problems for disabled people is the
transition from their bed to their wheelchair. The bed easily transforms itself into a wheelchair
and the wheelchair can transform back into the bed.
3. The walking assistance device is for people with weakened leg muscles who have a hard time walking and moving. The
gadget assists its users when they are walking thanks to the built-in electronic motors.
4. The advanced washing-drying machine makes doing the laundry easier and faster for disabled people. This machine helps
disabled people, who won’t need to transfer the wet and heavy clothes from one machine to the other. It comes with a
sloped drum which makes unloading and loading easier.
1. What does the self-powered wheelchair generate?

Electricity, which makes it more visible at night.
2. What can the person who uses this gadget check?

the LCD screen
3. What gadget can be accessible for those who cannot walk?

the robotic-bed wheelchair
4. Who does the walking assistance device help?

people with weakened leg muscles
5. What does the advanced washing-drying machine come with?

It comes with a sloped drum which makes unloading and loading easier.
ICT
Visit: blog/10-funny-but-uselesstech- gadgets/ and read about fun, useles
70
CULTURAL READIN
CLIL
Fast Evolution
• How fast do gadgets evolve?
• Can you imagine what cell phones or computers will look
like in 10 years?
Fast Evolution!
What does the future hold for cell phones and other modern
gadgets?
We may not need to hold or touch them at all in the near future.
The first working commercial cellular phone made its

appearance in the early 1970s. They were called “brick” phones
which were portable in the sense that they were wireless. Cell
phones have evolved very fast.
Even last year’s models aren’t in demand. As phones change
sizes, features and novelty will play larger roles.
Driving has become a much more aurally satisfying experience

as well.
If you had listened to a Highway Hi-Fi© in 1956, you would have been considered a geek by the standards of the
day. Nowadays, you either plug in your personal music player or pop an SD card into the waiting card slot. Today,
you can find only a few cars with a stereo which play tapes or even CDs.
Today, electronic calculators are typically solar-powered and can be so small that they’re built into
wristwatches and imitate credit cards.
The first calculators were abacuses. They were mainly constructed with a wooden frame with beads that could
slide on wires. In centuries before the adoption of the written Arabic numerals system, abacuses — the first
calculators— were in use. However, they are still used by some clerks, fishermen and merchants today.
Write it down
Correct these sentences.

1. The first working commercial electronic calculator made its appearance in the late 1970s.
The first working commercial cellular phone made its appearance in the early 1970s.
2. Nowadays you can find many cars with a stereo that plays tapes.
SAY IT!
Nowadays you can find only a few cars with a stereo that plays tapes.
Interview your
parents. Ask them
3. Nobody uses abacuses today. what gadgets they
used when they
There are still abacuses used by some clerks, fishermen and merchants today. were your age. Find
out what gadgets
they considered
4. Cell phones are becoming bigger. useful or useless.
Report your
Cell phones are changing sizes. findings to the
group.
71
WORKBOOK
Unit Three
Lessons 1 to 4
• What sports have you played?
• What have you just done?
• How long have you worked there?
• Is it going to be sunny tomorrow?
W H A T HA V E Y OU JUST D ONE?
1 Listen to Track 9 and write the correct sentences to complete the table.
T HR E E
Christiano has Christiano hasn't
U N I T
Student's own work
2 Write the correct words for the definitions below.
1. a discussion marked especially by the expression of opposing views = controversy
2. an institution devoted to financing research or charity = foundation
3. lack of success = failure
4. a frequent subject of complaint = pet peeve
5. a preparation activity or procedure = warm up
6. characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit = avid
Workbook 73
W H A T S P O R T S HA VE Y OU P L A Y E D ?
3 Read Tania’s letter in Lesson 2 and write correct sentences.

1. Tania’s dream hasn’t come true yet.
Tania’s dream has come true.
2. It hasn’t been an amazing experience.
It has been an amazing experience.
3. She hasn’t seen the Eiffel Tower.
She has seen the Eiffel Tower.
4. Tania hasn’t seen the Mona Lisa yet.
She has already seen the Mona Lisa.
5. She has already visited the Opera Bastille.
She hasn’t visited the Opera Bastille yet.
6. Tania hasn’t climbed the 387 steps to the top of the Notre Dame Cathedral.
Tania has climbed the 387 steps to the top of the Notre Dame Cathedral.
7. She hasn’t been to the Catacombs of Paris.

F OU R
She has been to the Catacombs of Paris.
8. She has already gone shopping in the Galleries Lafayette.
She hasn’t gone shopping in the Galleries Lafayette.

QUAD R AN T
Write 5 sentences describing what you have already seen or visited in your country and 5
sentences describing what you haven’t seen or visited yet.
Student's own work
74
W O R K B OO K LESSON THREE
REFRESH
HOW L ONG HA VE Y OU WORKED THERE?
4 Listen to Track 10 and choose TRUE or FALSE for the statements here.
1. Who has been unemployed for a year? Christian
Caroline
U N I T T HR E E
2. Who has studied in Montreal?
Christian Caroline
3. Who graduated in 2007?
4. Who has done research about the company? Christian
Caroline
5. Who has decided to work in the company? Christian
Caroline
6. Who has worked in GLC International for two years?
7. Who has studied in Montreal since 2002?
8. Who will be included on the payroll in three months? Christian
Caroline
9. Who arrived late for the interview?
10. Whose interview wasn’t successful?
5 Look at the photographs in the Teamwork section in Lesson 3 and choose the correct names
1. Who has received a package?

Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola Sam
2. Who hasn’t signed the contract? Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola Sam
3. Who hasn’t applied for a new job? Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola Sam
4. Who has quit his job? Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola
Sam
5. Who has had business meetings? Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola Sam
6. Who hasn’t made a phone call? Nina Dan Rose Fred Lola Sam
6 Fill in the blanks in the sentences using ‘for’ or ‘since’.
1. Claire has been angry since she saw him flirting with another woman in the park.
2. Richard hasn’t seen his parents for a very long time. He should call them right away.
3. Mitch has worked as an English teacher in this university for about twelve years. He will retire this year.
4. Ron hasn’t taken any more courses with Mr. Powel since he decided to change his career.
5. Alex has done research about this company for the last three months. Let’s ask him for advice.
6. Keith hasn’t changed his mind since we had the business meeting with the new investors.
7. They haven’t included you on the payroll since 2011.

Workbook 75
8. She has had five job interviews since last summer. Nobody has hired her yet.
74
IS IT GOING T O BE SUNNY T OMORROW?
7 Will you?
Write questions using the Simple Future tense.
a. buy / you / a new dress? e. Sandra / go shopping / next Sunday?

Will you buy a new dress?
Will Sandra go shopping next Sunday?
f. see the doctor / tomorrow / your sister?
b. your room / clean / he?
Will your sister see the doctor tomorrow?
Will he clean your room?
g. her daughter / in two hours / do her homework?
c. check my homework / you? Will her daughter do her homework in two hours?
Will you check my homework? h. travel / this year / your parents?
Will your parents travel this year?
d. they / get married / next month?
Will they get married next month?
8 What are they going to do? 9 What are you going to do?
Complete with the correct words.

1. Rose has goggles. • What are you going to do tomorrow morning?

She’s going to swim .
2. Doug has a tent.
He’s going to camp . • What are you going to do after class?
3. Emma and Tim have a corkscrew .
F OU R
They’re going to open a bottle of wine.

• What are you going to do this Friday?
4. Monica has a toothbrush .
She’s going to brush her teeth .
5. Nick and Lola have a paintbrush.
QUAD R AN T
They’re going to paint the roof . • Where are you going to go this summer?
6. Inga has a suitcase.

She’s going to travel .
• Who is going to visit you this Christmas?
7. Paul has a racquet.
He’s going to play tennis .
Student's own work
10 Complete according to the weather forecast.

What is the weather going to be like in these cities?
Complete the sentences.
1.It’s going to be 8.It’s rainy sunny snowy

going to
2.It’s going to be partly sunny partly cloudy foggy
be
3.It’s going to be rainy snowy
9.It’s
4.It’s going to be going to cloudy
5.It’s going to be be
6.It’s going to be
7.It’s going to be
77
i un. in
n i Portland. in
n Miami. in
L Boston. in
e C Cold Bay.
o a in Barcelona.
n n in New York.
. c
in London.
76
RUBRIC S REFRESH
Attitude
T HR E E
Week / Month
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
U N I T
Student is late
Student is
class with ideas

engages in

and class and class
Student stands
presentation.
Total:
77
RUBRIC S
Week / Month
CRITERIA
POINTS
5 4 3 2
errors.

Student is able
F OU R
Student uses a
QUAD R AN T

meaning.
communication.



Total:
78
RUBRIC S REFRESH
T HR E E
1 2 3 4 5
U N I T
1 2 3 Me

groups.
Name: Date:
Knowing
Doing
Being
Participation
Integration
Learning effort
79
SELF-EVALUATION
1 Past Participles 2 'Just' or 'already'?
Write the Past Participle form of these verbs. Write positive sentences in the Present Perfect using ‘just’ or
a. bring - ‘already’.
1. Greg / call / his parents (just)
b. write -
2. We / wash / our car (already)
c. speak -
3. Daniel / read / the article (already)
d. do -
4. I / play / on the computer (just)
e. fly -
5. My brother / repair / his bike (just)

f. swim -
g. ride - 6. Jenny / bathe / her dog (already)
h. buy - 7. Some students / go / to the park (just)
i. read -
j. become -
k. grow -
l. draw -
m.drive -
n. go -
o. teach -
F OU R
3 Have you done it yet?

Write negative sentences using the Present Perfect and ‘yet’.
1. Mike / wash the dishes 6. Students / speak to the teacher
2. You / make your bed

QUAD R AN T
7. Children / pick up their toys
3. I / see this movie 8. Sophie / read this book
4. Rick / do his homework 9. You / find your cat
5. We / feed the dog 10.Tim / buy a new car
4 Going to 5 Weather
Write sentences about Richie's plans for this Friday. What weather conditions do these signs represent?
80
1. (videogames)
He
2. (hamburgers)
He
3. (homework)
He
4. (with his friends)

He
81
COMPETENCE S REFRESH
Questions to consider
1. Prewriting TIME TO THINK 3. Revising TIME TO IMPROVE MY WRITING

• What do I want to say? • Have I read what I have written?
• How do I want to say it? • Are my details clear?
• Who will read my writing? • Should I add or take out parts?
• What else do I need to know to begin? • Have I used the best ideas and words?
• Who can I talk to about my ideas? • Is my writing in a logical order?
• What suggestions have others made?
2. Drafting TIME TO WRITE IT DOWN 4. Editing TIME TO MAKE THINGS CORRECT

• Are my thoughts organized? • Have I used complete sentences?
• Which ideas do I want to develop? • Have I made all the necessary corrections?
• In what order do I want to say them? • Are my spelling, capitalization, and punctuation correct?
• Who can read this and offer • Have I marked corrections that I need?
suggestions? • Has someone checked my work?
• Do I have a correct and neat copy?
Linguistic Competences LC The student:
LC 1
Identiﬁes, orders and interprets ideas, data and explicit concepts in a text, according to the context and medium.
LC 2
Evaluates a text and compares the content with others, taking into consideration previous and new knowledge.
LC 3
Makes hypotheses about natural and social phenomena, based on varied sources.
LC 4
Produces texts using the appropriate forms of the language, in accordance with his/her communicative purpose.
LC 5
Expresses ideas and concepts in creative and coherent texts, with clear introductions, developments and conclusions.
LC 6
Presents his/her points of view to an audience in a precise, coherent and creative way.
LC 7
Values and describes the role of art, literature and means of communication in the development of different cultures, taking
into consideration the communicative purposes of different genres.
LC 8
Values logical thinking in daily and academic communication processes.
LC 9
Analyzes and compares the origin, development and diversity of systems and means of communication.
LC 10
Identiﬁes and interprets the general idea and possible development of a spoken or written message, using his/her
previous knowledge, non-verbal clues and context.
LC 11
Communicates in the foreign language in spoken or written discourse and in accordance with the communicative purpose
and situation.
LC 12
Uses information and communication technology to do research, solve problems, produce materials and share information.
Generic Competences GC
GC 1
Knows and values himself/herself; faces problems and challenges having specific objectives in mind.
GC 2
Is sensitive to art and participates in the appreciation and interpretation of art in its different forms.
GC 3
Selects and follows healthy lifestyles.
GC 4
Listens to, interprets and gives messages that are relevant to the context, selecting the appropriate medium and code.
GC 5
Innovates and suggests solutions to problems based on established methods.
GC 6
Has a personal opinion about topics of general interest and relevance, reflecting and critically considering different opinions.
GC 7
Has initiative and interest to learn throughout his/her life.
GC 8
Participates and collaborates effectively in groups.
GC 9
Participates, with civic and ethical values, in the life of his community, region, Mexico and the world.
GC 10
Respects cultural diversity, beliefs, values, ideas and social practices.
GC 11
Contributes to sustainable development critically and with responsible actions.
80
GRAMMA R REFERENCE
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form
and –est for the superlative.
One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

tall taller tallest
old older oldest
long longer longest
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
fat fatter fattest
Kelly is taller than John.

Kelly is the tallest of all the students.
Kelly is older than John.
Of the three students, Kelly is the oldest.
My hair is shorter than your hair.
For adjectives with two or more syllables, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.
Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

QUAD R AN T F OU R
expensive more expensive most expensive
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
careful more careful most careful
thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
This house is more expensive than that one.

Kelly’s house is the most expensive in this neighborhood.
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
little less least
many more most
83
GRAMMA R REFERENC E REFRESH
Be Used to
We use be used to something when we talk about a habit we currently have.

subject + be + used to + object
SUBJECT MAIN VERB BE NOT USED TO OBJECT
+ I am used to traffic.
He is not used to traffic.

-
We aren’t used to traffic.
? Are you used to traffic?
If the object involves a verb, we use the -ing form:
SUBJECT MAIN VERB BE NOT USED TO OBJECT
+ I am used to waking up early.
He is not used to waking up early.

-
We aren’t used to waking up early.
? Are you used to waking up early?
Used to
We use Used to when we talk about things that happened in the past but don’t happen anymore.
Examples: We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
I used to smoke, but I gave it up a few years ago.
Remember that used to is only for past states/actions that don’t happen anymore.
“Used to” expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something
was often repeated in the past, but it is not usually done now.
“Used to” can also be used to talk about past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.
PAST PRESENT
I used to work in a bank. Now I work in a shop.
They used to be married. Now they are divorced.
There used to be a drugstore here. Now there is a supermarket.
She is the best student in our group. Her grades are better than mine.
They live further
Mikefrom
didn’tthe
useschool than you.
to smoke. Now he smokes.
She spends more money than I do.
Who is the best teacher in your school?
82
GRAMMA R REFERENCE
Present Perfect Simple
Form: has / have + past participle

• We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now.
He has met celebrities many times.
• We can use the Present Perfect to describe our experiences.
I’ve never been to France, but I’ve been to Canada and Japan.
• We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Your English has improved so much since I saw you last summer.
• We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity in general.
Doctors have learned to cure cancer.
• We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action that we expected to happen has not happened.
She hasn’t finished her homework yet.
• We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at
different times.
I’ve helped Jim several times over the past five years.
• With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that
something started in the past and has continued until now.
We have been in Japan for 2 months.
Signal Words
F OU R
Present Perfect Simple Simple Past
just yesterday
already ...ago
QUAD R AN T
up to in 1990
now the other day
until now / till last...
now ever
(not) yet
so far
lately / recently
Examples:
I’ve seen this movie many times. I saw this movie last week.
Have you seen this movie many times? Did you see this movie last week?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
They’ve already played tennis. VS. They played tennis an hour ago.
Have they already played tennis? Did they play tennis an hour ago?
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
They haven’t played tennis yet. They didn’t play tennis an hour ago.
Who has seen this movie many times? Who saw this movie an hour ago?
Who has already played tennis? Who played tennis an hour ago?
85
GRAMMA R REFERENCE REFRESH
Have to (obligation or necessity)
Have to is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs for convenience, but in fact it is not a modal verb. It is not even
an auxiliary verb. In the have to structure, “have” is a main verb. The structure is: subject + auxiliary verb + have +
infinitive (with to)
subject auxiliary verb main verb have infinitive (with to)
Aff He/She/It has to work.
Neg I/You/They/We don't have to work today.
I/you/he/she/it/
Int Did we/they have to talk to the teacher?
Use of Have to
• In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to act by a
separate, external power (for example, the law or school rules). Have to is objective. Look at these
examples:
• In England, you have to drive on the left.

• In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.
• Jim has to wear a tie at work.
In each of the above cases, the obligation is not the subject’s opinion or idea. The obligation is imposed from
outside.
REMEMBER:
Do not have to suggests that someone is not required to do something. Must not suggests that you are prohibited
from doing something.
Expressing Ability
We use the following verbs to talk about ability:
• Present: can, can’t, be able to, manage to

• Past: could, couldn’t, be able to, manage to
• Perfect: be able to, manage to
• Future: be able to, manage to
It is more common to use can / could to talk about general ability in the present and past than be able to:
Can you remember much about it? (=Are you able to remember?)
He could speak French and Italian, but he couldn’t remember his teachers’ names.
To talk about ability on a specific occasion in the past, we use couldn’t, was / were able to, but not could:
The police were able to find out that he could speak French and Italian. (but not The police could find out). We
sometimes use manage to to show that something is difficult to achieve:
I’ve finally managed to give up smoking after all these years!
We use be able to or manage to with perfect or future forms: Apparently he’s been able to find his family.
84
GRAMMA R REFERENCE
Too
“Too” is used in affirmative sentences to show agreement. It has the same meaning as “also,” or “as well”, but
“too” is placed at the end of a sentence and is preceded by a comma.
Examples:
Lety speaks English. Andy speaks English, too. (= Andy also speaks English.)
Liliana likes chocolate. She likes cake, too. (= She also likes cake.)
Arthur can come with us. Nancy can come with us, too. (= Nancy can come with us as well.)
Either
“Either” is used in negative sentences to show agreement. Like “too”, it is also placed at the end of a sentence and
is preceded by a comma.
Examples:
Lety doesn’t speak English. Andy doesn’t speak English, either.
Liliana doesn’t like chocolate. She doesn’t like cake, either.
Arthur can’t come with us. Nancy can’t come with us, either.
So & Neither
Use 'so do I' to say that a positive sentence is also true for yourself, and use 'neither do I' to say that a negative
F OU R
sentence is also true for yourself:
I hate chocolate.
So do I. (=I also hate chocolate.)
I don't live in Chicago.
Neither do I. (=I also don't live in Chicago.)
QUAD R AN T
Anika loves tea. So do I.

Peter doesn't play the guitar and neither do I.
Andy likes coffee. So do I.

Present Simple: use ‘do / does’
Andy doesn’t like coffee. Neither do I.
Tim’s at the office. So am I.

Present Simple with ‘be’: use ‘am / is / Tim isn’t at the office. Neither am
are’ I.
Dad’s going out tonight. So am I.

Present Continuous: use ‘am / is / are’ Dad isn’t going out tonight. Neither am
I.
He went to the concert yesterday. So did I.

Past Simple: use ‘did’
He didn’t go to the concert yesterday. Neither did
I.
She was at school. So was I.

Past Simple with ‘be’: use ‘was / were’ She wasn’t at school. Neither was
I.
My parents have been to Chile. So have I.

Present Perfect: use ‘have / has’ My parents haven’t been to Chile. Neither have
I.
She will be at the party later. So will I.

Future Simple: use ‘will’ She won’t be at the party later. Neither will I.
He would like a cup of tea. So would I.

He wouldn’t like a cup of tea. Neither would
Modal verbs: repeat the modal verb I. She can speak Russian. So can I.
She can’t speak Russian. Neither can I.
87
GRAMMA R REFERENC E REFRESH
Can – Could
We often use “can” and “could” to make requests (to ask people to do things).
We use “could” to be more polite or more formal, especially when we don’t know the person.
Examples:
Can you / Could you wait a moment, please?
Can you / Could you close the door, please?
Victor, can you / could you do me a favor?
Excuse me, can you / could you pass me the salt, please?
To ask for something we use Can I have…? or Could I have…?:

• (in a store) Can I have these socks, please?
• (at the table) Could I have the pepper, please?
Asking for and giving permission
To ask for permission to do something, we use can, could or may:
• (on the phone) Hello, can I speak to Sue, please?

• ‘Could I use your phone?’ ‘Yes, of course.’
• Could I borrow your car?
• ‘May I come in?’ ‘Yes, please do.’
Offering to do things
To offer to do something, we sometimes use Can I…?:
• ‘Can I get you a glass of water?’ ‘Yes, that would be very nice.’
• ‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, it’s all right. Thanks.’
86
VER B LIS T
Base Form Simple Past Past Participle Base Form Simple Past Past Participle
Awake Awoke Awoken Light Lit Lit
Be Was / Were Been Lose Lost Lost
Bear Bore Born / Borne Make Made Made
Beat Beat Beaten Mean Meant Meant
Become Became Become Meet Met Met
Begin Began Begun Melt Melted Molten / Melted
Behold Beheld Beheld Mislead Misled Misled
Bend Bent Bent Mistake Mistook Mistaken
Bet Bet Bet Misunderstand Misunderstood Misunderstood
Bring Brought Brought Pay Paid Paid
Broadcast Broadcast / Broadcasted Broadcast / Broadcasted Preset Preset Preset
Build Built Built Prove Proved Proven / Proved
Burn Burnt / Burned Burnt / Burned Put Put Put
Burst Burst Burst Read Read Read
Bust Bust Bust Rid Rid / Ridded Rid / Ridded
Buy Bought Bought Ride Rode Ridden
Cast Cast Cast Ring Rang Rung
Catch Caught Caught Rise Rose Risen
Choose Chose Chosen Run Ran Run
Clap Clapped / Clapt Clapped / Clapt Saw Sawed Sawn / Sawed
Cling Clung Clung Say Said Said
Clothe Clad / Clothed Clad / Clothed See Saw Seen
Come Came Come Seek Sought Sought
Cost Cost Cost Sell Sold Sold
Creep Crept Crept Send Sent Sent
Cut Cut Cut Set Set Set
Dare Dared / Durst Dared Sew Sewed Sewn / Sewed
Deal Dealt Dealt Shake Shook Shaken
Dig Dug Dug Shave Shaved Shaven / Shaved
Dive Dived / Dove Dived Shear Shore / Sheared Shorn / Sheared
Do Did Done Shed Shed Shed
Draw Drew Drawn Shine Shone Shone
Dream Dreamt / Dreamed Dreamt / Dreamed Shoe Shod Shod
Drink Drank Drunk Shoot Shot Shot
Drive Drove Driven Show Showed Shown
F OU R
Eat Ate Eaten Shut Shut Shut

Fall Fell Fallen Sing Sang Sung
Feed Fed Fed Sink Sank Sunk
Feel Felt Felt Sit Sat Sat
Fight Fought Fought Slay Slew Slain
Find Found Found Sleep Slept Slept
Fit Fit / Fitted Fit / Fitted Smell Smelt / Smelled Smelt / Smelled
QUAD R AN T
Flee Fled Fled Sneak Sneaked / Snuck Sneaked / Snuck

Fling Flung Flung Soothsay Soothsaid Soothsaid
Fly Flew Flown Sow Sowed Sown
Forbid Forbade / Forbad Forbidden Speak Spoke Spoken
Forecast Forecast / Forecasted Forecast / Forecasted Speed Sped / Speeded Sped / Speeded
Foresee Foresaw Foreseen Spell Spelt / Spelled Spelt / Spelled
Foretell Foretold Foretold Spend Spent Spent
Forget Forgot Forgotten Spread Spread Spread
Forgive Forgave Forgiven Spring Sprang Sprung
Forsake Forsook Forsaken Stand Stood Stood
Freeze Froze Frozen Steal Stole Stolen
Get Got Got / Gotten Stick Stuck Stuck
Give Gave Given Sting Stung Stung
Go Went Gone / Been Sweep Swept / Sweeped Swept / Sweeped
Grow Grew Grown Swell Swelled Swollen
Handwrite Handwrote Handwritten Swim Swam Swum
Hang Hung / Hanged Hung / Hanged Swing Swung Swung
Have Had Had Take Took Taken
Hear Heard Heard Teach Taught Taught
Hide Hid Hidden Tear Tore Torn
Hit Hit Hit Tell Told Told
Hold Held Held Think Thought Thought
Hurt Hurt Hurt Throw Threw Thrown
Keep Kept Kept Understand Understood Understood
Kneel Knelt / Kneeled Knelt / Kneeled Undertake Undertook Undertaken
Knit Knit / Knitted Knit / Knitted Wake Woke Woken
Know Knew Known Wear Wore Worn
Learn Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn
Leave Left Left Withhold Withheld Withheld
Lend Lent Lent Withstand Withstood Withstood
Let Let Let Wring Wrung Wrung
Lie Lay Lain Write Wrote Written
87

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4

Refresh 4 Teacher´s Book

Refresh 4 Student Book

Refresh 4 Teacher Book

Queda prohibida la reproducción o transmisión total o parcial del contenido de la

Miembro de la Cámara Nacional de la Industria Editorial Mexicana.

Miembro de la Cámara Nacional de Comercio de la Ciudad de México.

Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico

Teléfono / Fax: (55) 5343-

What cities in your country are big?

Quadrant 4 UTP Listening Vocabulary Grammar Writing Reading Speaking

Lesson 1 Is your Choosing between

Lesson 2 Could you

Lesson 5 Making formal and Formal and Informal Can/could in

My project p. 22 Great Inventions Cultural Reading p. 23 Georgia Aquarium

Quadrant 4 Unit 2 An apple a day keeps the doctor away / Experiences

Lesson 1 Should I Identify illnesses Talk about what

Lesson 4 Have you

Lesson 5 Past Participle

My Project p. 46 Have you ever? Cultural Reading p. 47 Scuba Diving

Quadrant 4 Unit 3 Have you ever...? / The future

Lesson 5 Asking and talking Will / won't / Interview

My project p. 70 Cool Gadgets Cultural Reading p. 71 Fast Evolution

Self-Evaluation p. 80 Competences p. 81 Grammar Reference p. 82 - 87 Verb List p. 88

3. Where is the map of the world?

4. What activities are mentioned in the cultural reading?

What’s in this Quadrant?

1. Write three polite requests you hear or make often.

a. Cheetahs are faster than lions.

b. Elephants are not heavier than hippos.

c. Motorcycles can be as expensive as cars.

d. Online shopping is safer than shopping at a store.

Ask Ss to read the grammar section and to say what

GRAMMAR FOCUS • Comparative and superlative adjectives, can/could/would in requests, too/either.

SPEAKING • Make polite requests, choosing between options, expressing agreement.

• Collaborate with classmates by working in pairs and in teams.

Ask Ss to look at GC4GC3 Do you know how to...

Warm up Look through Unit 1 and find the answers.

Where can you find the following photographs? Pages

Heat and energy

Read and answer. Compare with a partner.

Is your hometown clean?

Objective Compare places using comparative adjectives.

Warm up Let's talk about cities.

What cities in your country are big?

abc New words

Listen up Track 1 Great Cities!

Listen. Circle the correct answer

1. Which city is more dangerous? TOKYO NEW YORK

2. Which city is dirtier? TOKYO NEW YORK

3. Which city is cleaner? TOKYO NEW YORK

4. Which city is more populated? TOKYO NEW YORK

5. Which city is noisier? TOKYO NEW YORK

Grammar Focus Comparative Adjectives

We use comparative adjectives to compare two things.

Compare these cities. Use comparative adjectives.

1. Mexico City is a large city. Plymouth is a small city.

Kim: I don’t think so. I’m afraid to go out at night.

Dana: Is it quieter than mine?

Kim: Oh, definitely not. It’s very noisy.

Kim: Maybe it is cleaner.

interesting exciting dangerous beautiful ugly

Could you pick it up, please?