Piesole Chapters 1 5

CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
Electricity serves us many purposes and is vital in our daily life. It is perhaps the
most life-changing innovation humanity has ever created. A lot of our daily activities
including entertainment, work, comfort, and more, depends on electricity. However, in
Camarines Norte, citizens experience frequent power outages that interrupt those
activities. Interruptions that increase electrical bills and causes damage to equipment and
appliances.
Frequent power interruptions in Camarines Norte, have always been one of the
necessitous issues the community has been dealt with that greatly affects the quality of
their daily life. Given that the province has a poor state of electricity, the abundance of
accessible renewable energy has not been present. And with the common use and
presence of electronics in every household, citizens only rely on one electric utility
company to power their USB devices.
The high energy consumption of citizens impacted the demand of renewable
energy. The usual ones we know of are hydroelectricity, wind and solar power in
providing an alternative electricity source. These sources provide us both energy and
low-cost consumption. Nonetheless, there are other alternative electricity sources that
most people do not know of and thus, we have piezoelectricity that is capable of
powering electronics that is portable and without having heavy equipment.
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Piezoelectric energy harvesting is an innovative step in the various fields of
renewable energy harvesting. The induction of electric potential is the response of
piezoelectric materials to an applied mechanical stress and is called the piezoelectric
effect (Kumar, 2015). And with the increasing human population in the whole world,
piezoelectricity presents another earth-friendly method of electrical power generation
(Poddar, Dutta, Chowdhury, Dey, & Maji, 2017). Furthermore, with the small size of
piezoelectric materials, it is suitable for the fabrication of transducer-equipped shoes for
its high ability of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy (Xin et al., 2016).
To come up with an energy source, the proponents provided a piezoelectric
transducer-installed shoe insole to produce electricity. The certain amount of kinetic
energy from walking or a running person possesses via the shoes, applies some pressure
on the ground, and this pressure is what piezoelectricity is concerned with (Mehrotra,
2016). PieSole or the piezoelectric insole, harvests this generated electricity and stores it
in a power bank. Energy that is then stored for future use with a charging capability for
our USB devices.
This experimental study focused on the acceptability of PieSole (Piezoelectric
Insole) as an energy harvester. This research is conducted to provide an alternative
energy source for our USB devices.
Statement of the Problem
This experimental study assessed the acceptability of PieSole as an energy
harvester.
Specifically, this study answered the following questions:

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1. What are the components of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of:
a.) Amount of Proportion
b.) Cost
2. What is the capacity of PieSole in harvesting energy in terms of voltage and
current?
3. What is the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of:
a.) Durability
b.) Accuracy
c.) System
Assumption
The proponent of the study presupposes the following:
1. There are particular components of PieSole as an energy harvester in
terms of amount of proportion and cost.
2. There is a capacity in harvesting energy using PieSole in terms of Voltage
and Current.
3. There is a level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms
of durability, accuracy, and system.
Scope and Delimitation
The general intent of this study is the innovation and development of PieSole as
an energy harvester. This present study conducted about the feasibility of PieSole as an
energy harvester. This research was conceptualized from a piezoelectric transducer that
generates electricity when mechanical stress is applied on the material, which went
3
through the voltage regulator to regulate the incoming voltage that can either be used
directly to charge USB devices, or to store in a power bank for later use. The efficiency
of the device was tested by an analog multimeter which measured the electricity
harvested by the device. A proponent walked in a certain distance and time to record the
progress of the energy harvested by the device. The device was made within a day or two
as well as the testing of the device. The results of the study depended on the findings of
Electrical Engineers, as well as the proponents.
Significance of the Study
The result of this study will be of significant benefit to the following:
Families. This study helped them to generate power from an alternative source into their
USB devices whenever it is needed and also when power outages occur.
Community. It helped the community to have an alternative source of power for their
USB devices whenever it is needed and also when there is an occurring power outage.
Environment. This study helped the environment to minimize the high consumption of
electricity since the PieSole is capable of harvesting energy that is stored in a power
bank.
Technology. This study became a factor through the enhancement of modern technology
due to its properties and rarity in terms of small and portable energy-storing devices.
Future Researchers. This study served as a very useful reference for their future study
on how to conduct the research in terms of developing the piezoelectric insole as an
electric transducer through USB devices.
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Definitions of Terms
For the purpose of clarity, the terms used in this study are defined conceptually
and operationally.
PieSole. The acronym for the Piezoelectric Insole device. The same definition is
considered for conceptual and operational meanings.
Piezoelectricity. Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon wherein there is a coupling between
the electrical and mechanical state of a piezoelectric material. When a piece of
piezoelectric material has been put under mechanical stress, for example, when
compressed, a current will flow and charge its faces, and vice versa, it will then be
deformed when exerted to an electrical field (Edvardsson, 2019). In this study,
piezoelectricity is used to produce energy that can either be directly stored into a power
bank or charge a USB device which is utilized in this study.
Piezoelectric Effect. It refers to the induction of electric charge in response to applied
mechanical stress (Zhang & Hoshino, 2014). In relation to the present study, this refers to
the effect that initiated from piezoelectric materials.
Piezoelectric Transducer. It refers to a type of device that converts the applied
mechanical strain to a usable electrical charge. The word "piezoelectric" literally means
electricity caused by pressure (APC International, Ltd., 2016). As used this study,
piezoelectric transducers are used to generate electricity by either walking or running.
5
Insole. It refers to the inside part of the shoe that runs underneath and supports the
bottom of the foot. They are also referred to as footbeds and inner soles (Stimpert, 2018).
The present study used the insole of the shoe to utilize the performance of the device.
USB device. It refers to any device that can be powered by using USB cables or USB
ports from an energy source. These are devices such as: smartphones, mini fans, power
banks, etc. As used in this study, PieSole abled to power USB devices.
Analog Multimeter. It refers to the instruments that are used in measuring electrical
quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, frequency and signal power. It is also used
to find electronic and electrical problems (GlobalSpec, 2020). As used in this study, the
analog multimeter is used for capacity testing and primary source of data collection.
Energy Harvester. It refers to a device that is classically used for converting wasted
energy into electrical voltages and currents, which can then be collected and conditioned
for many types of low-voltage wearable electronics (Naik, 2018). In this study, the
researchers used PieSole as the energy harvester.
Capacity. The total quantity that can be produced or contain (Cambridge University
Press, 2021). As used in this study, it is the aim to be achieved in relevance to the
PieSole device.
Voltage - It refers to the pressure from an electrical circuit's power source that pushes
electric current through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work (Fluke Corporation,
2020). In this study, it is the voltage that is released from the PieSole, that can either be
stored or used directly to charge USB devices, and is an aid in measuring the capacity of
PieSole.
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Current. (Electric) current refers to the flow of electrons through a complete circuit of
conductors (ASTC Science World Society, 2021). In this study, it served as one of the
variables measured to test the capacity of PieSole as an energy harvester
Acceptability. It refers to the quality of being satisfactory and able to be approved of
(Cambridge University Press, 2020). In relation to the study, it is the aim achieved in
relevance to PieSole that is tested by the experts.
Durability. It refers to the quality of being able to last a long period of time without
becoming damaged (Cambridge University Press, 2020). In this study, it served as one of
the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester
Accuracy. The degree to which the correct value or standard is confirmed by the
intended result of a measurement, specification, or calculation (Lexico, 2021). In this
study, it served as one of the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of
PieSole as an energy harvester
System. It refers to a coordinated assortment of parts that are profoundly incorporated to
achieve a general objective (TechTarget Contributor, 2021). In this study, it served as one
of the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy
harvester.
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NOTES
Kumar, C., N. (2015). Energy collection via piezoelectricity. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, Volume 662. Retrieved from
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/662/1/012031
Poddar, S., Dutta, M., Chowdhury, D., Dey, A., & Maji, D. (2017). Footstep voltage
generator using piezo-electric transducers. International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, 8(3). Retrieved from
https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Footstep-Voltage-Generator-using-Piezo-
Electric-Transducers.pdf
Xin, Y., Li, X., Tian, H., Guo, C., Qian, C., Wang, S., & Wang, C. (2015). Shoes-
equipped piezoelectric transducer for energy harvesting: A brief review. Taylor &
Francis Online, 493(1), 12-24. Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00150193.2016.1123061
Mehrotra, U. (2016). Walking charger using piezo-electric material. International
Journal for Technological Research In Engineering, 4(1), 2347 – 4718. Retrieved
from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308719637_WALKING_CHARGER_U
SING_PIEZO-ELECTRIC_MATERIALna
8
Edvardsson, M. (2019, January 3). What is piezoelectricity? Biolin Scientific. Retrieved
from https://www.biolinscientific.com/blog/what-is-piezoelectricity
Zhang, J. X.J., & Hoshino, K. (2014). Implantable sensors. ScienceDirect. Retrieved
from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/piezoelectric-effect?
APC International, Ltd. (2016). What is a transducer? Retrieved from
https://www.americanpiezo.com/piezo-theory/whats-a-transducer.html
Stimpert, D. (2018, March 19). What are shoe insoles? Liveaboutdotcom. Retrieved from
https://www.liveabout.com/what-are-shoe-insoles-2987682
GlobalSpec. (2020). Analog multimeters information. Retrieved from
https://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/labware_test_measurement/multimeters_e
lectrical_test_meters/analog_multimeters
Naik, D. (2018). Energy harvesting. Toppr. Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com
/bytes/energy-harvesting/
Cambridge University Press. (2021). Capacity. Retrieved from
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/capacity
Fluke Corporation. (2020). What is voltage? Retrieved from https://www.fluke.com/en-
ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-basics/electricity/what-is-voltage
ASTC Science World Society. (2021). Current. Retrieved from
https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/current-electricity/
9
Cambridge University Press. (2020). Acceptability. Retrieved from
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/acceptability
Cambridge University Press. (2020). Durability. Retrieved from
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/durability
Lexico. (2021). Accuracy. Retrieved from https://www.lexico.com/definition/accuracy
TechTarget Contributor (2021). System. TechTarget. Retrieved from
https://searchwindowsserver.techtarget.com/definition/system
10
CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents the related literature and studies reviewed by the researchers
that enabled them to obtain information on their research and the data gathered from
various sources provided useful materials in this research undertaking for the researchers.
The synthesis of the state-of-the-art enabled the researchers to find supporting details for
the current study while the gap of the study emphasized the uniqueness of the present
study. The theoretical framework mentioned concepts that served as the foundation of the
study. The various reviews on related literature and studies which are found to be related
to the present study and the conceptual framework and paradigm utilized in this study.
Related Literature
Piezoelectricity is the ability of piezoelectric materials to generate internal
electrical charge from an applied mechanical strain to the material (Mends, 2019). The
term piezoelectricity has involved two sections: Piezo (the first section), coming from the
Greek word “piezein,” which means “to press tightly or squeeze,” and Electricity (the
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second section) with the uniform meaning of “squeeze electricity” (Salim & Abdulrazig,
2020).
Piezoelectric transducers are a type of electroacoustic transducer which converts
electrical charges into usable energy produced by some forms of solid materials (APC
International, Ltd., 2016). A transducer can be any material that converts one form of
energy to another and thus, piezoelectric material is one kind of transducer. The produced
electrical voltage by a piezoelectric transducer can easily be measured by voltage
measuring instruments. Since the voltage will be the function of the pressure or force
applied to it, we can infer what the pressure/force was from the voltage reading.
Moreover, physical quantities like mechanical stress or force can be directly measured by
using piezoelectric transducer (Electrical4U, 2020).
There has been an increasing interest in research and development of advanced
smart phone technologies in the past few years, but as technology evolves, so are the
problems associated with it, and one among those is the fast draining of batteries (Paul,
Tutu, Richards, & Jerome, 2015). From there, inventors have proposed all kinds of
energy-storing ideas with piezoelectric devices such as shoes that convert the movements
in walking into heat to keep your feet warm, and cellphones that charge themselves from
your body movement (Woodford, 2019).
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials, consisting of tin sulfides have
been discovered to be a good candidate for developing flexible nanogenerators due to
their strong piezoelectric properties. With energy harvesting employing greater
flexibility, 2D materials offer substantial advantages for self-powered electronics and
12
wearable technologies (Khan et al., 2020). In comparison with three-dimensional (3D)
bulk crystals, 2D materials have superior structural characteristics, and thus can exhibit
better high-rate stability and flexibility (Fan & Wu, 2019).
Piezoelectric materials used in energy harvesting applications can be divided into
four different categories: ceramics, single crystals, polymers, and composites.
Piezoelectric materials are used in energy harvesting devices due to its low cost, good
piezoelectric properties, and the ease of integration into energy harvesting devices (APC
International, Ltd., 2020). Moreover, it benefits the environment and economy by
reducing air pollution and creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing and
installation (United States Environmental Protection Agency [US EPA], 2019).
With the inherent electrochemical coupling and high-power density of
piezoelectric transducers, they have been widely explored in generating power from
vibration energy sources. Since 2007, countless researchers have introduced novel
materials, transduction mechanisms, electrical circuits, and analytical models with the
purpose of improving various aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.
Moreover, in the past decade, many researchers have also reported novel applications of
piezoelectric harvesting technology (Safaei, Sodano, & Anton, 2019). For example, the
small, powerful, and sensitive microphones, the sonar “sonobuoy,” and the ceramic audio
tone transducer, were made possible by piezoelectricity (Yang, 2016). Moreover, with
energy harvesting approaching an interesting technological juncture wherein the power
requirements of electronic devices having been reduced, while at the same having an
increase of the efficiency of energy harvesting device, piezoelectric energy harvesting has
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emerged as a method of choice for powering meso-to-micro scale devices (APC
International, Ltd., 2015).
Having been around since the late 80’s, piezoelectric materials paved the way for
many game-changing inventions. And in the hunt for a sustainable, reliable, and
renewable energy source, it caused the researchers to stumble upon this trailblazing
power harvesters—the piezoelectric materials (Elprocus, 2020). This being said,
piezoelectricity is often employed on different fields such as the medicine and industrial
field and is used due to its efficient responsiveness even in the most demanding situations
(APC International, Ltd., 2015). Therefore, the potential of piezoelectric materials as an
energy source is truly undeniable (Urroz-Montoya, Alverto-Suazo, García-Cabrera, &
Ortega-Jimenez, 2019).
Related Studies
In the study “Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Transducers for Suspension
Systems,” by Tavares, and Ruderman (2019), they stated that piezoelectric materials are
favorable due to being compact, lightweight, and with high precision and bandwidth
response and is also an efficient energy harvester as it has the capability of converting
mechanical energy into electrical energy. Moreover, according to Cafiso, Cuomo,
Graziano, and Vecchio (2013), in their study “Experimental Analysis for Piezoelectric
Transducers Applications into Roads Pavements,” stated that the energy harvesting using
piezoelectric materials guarantees less environmental impact and costs.
“A Concise Review Encircling Lead Free Porous Piezoelectric Ceramics,” a study
conducted by Pinheiro, and Deivarajan (2019), stated that piezoelectric materials have
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wide bandwidth, quick electromechanical response, low power assumption, high
generative forces, ease of fabrication, survival in severe conditions, flexibility to be
formed into various shapes, large dielectric constants, and high coupling coefficients
which makes them an important time-honored active material. Moreover, according to
the study of Turkmen, and Celik (2018), titled “Energy Harvesting with the Piezoelectric
Material Integrated Shoe,” piezoelectric materials are extremely long standing and it
doesn’t show any fatigue unless they are broken. They also stated that the piezoelectric
material’s ability to produce electricity are very likely to provide a significant reduction
in the consumption and savings of energy in our congested world, most especially in
shoemaking.
In the 2018 study of Yang, Zhou, Zu, and Inman titled, “High-Performance
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and their Applications,” piezoelectricity is presented as
widely adopted in converting mechanical energy to electrical energy, due to its efficiency
in high energy conversion, ease of implementation, and miniaturization. Moreover, Asry,
Maisarah, Mustafad, Ishak, and Ahmad (2018), in their study “Power Generation by
Using Piezoelectric Transducer with Bending Mechanism Support,” stated that by the use
of the energy generated from a human footstep, useful energy can be harvested and be
used in creating electricity for non-renewable energy replacement.
The innovations of the proponents resulted to the use of Piezoelectric Transducers
as an energy harvester that will provide an alternative source of energy for our USB
devices. Therefore, the study “Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric
Transducer and Non-controlled Rectifiers and Circuits,” by Motter, Lavarda, Dias, and
Da Silva (2012), shows relation through the variables of the study. It cited that the energy
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harvesting with piezoelectric materials is of practical interest largely because the
converted energy can be stored or used directly to provide power to other devices such as
mobiles and portable electronics. In the study of Billanes, Ma, and Jorgensen (2017),
“Energy Flexibility in the Power System: challenges and Opportunities in Philippines,”
stated that one of the challenges in the Philippines’ power system are the power outages
and power losses. For that reason, in the study conducted by Xu, Cao, Yang, and He
(2018), “Application of Piezoelectric Transducer in Energy Harvesting in Pavement,”
stated that with the social and economic development, along with the continuous
depletion of fossil energy, the declining environmental quality, the conversion of
mechanical or vibration energy into energy readily available for people is the problem
that is need of solving.
Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art
Based from the gathered related studies, some similarities and differences were
identified.
The present study conducted by Yang, et. al (2018) entitled “High-Performance
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters and their Applications,” explained how piezoelectricity,
due to its efficiency in high energy conversion, ease of implementation, and
miniaturization, is widely adopted in the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical
energy. Furthermore, the reviews of Mends (2019) and Yang (2016), stated that several
materials we know that possess piezoelectric properties, such as bone, proteins, crystals,
and ceramics.
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Salim et al. (2020), cited in their study “Using Smart-Piezoelectric Materials to
Generate Electricity,” that secondary solutions of energy production must be provided
because of the constant demand for energy, high costs and the depletion of natural
resources. Moreover, in “Energy Harvesting with the Piezoelectric Material Integrated
Shoe,” a research conducted by Turkmen, and Celik (2017), stated that piezoelectric
materials offer acceptable stability, and can produce electricity that is very likely to
provide a significant reduction in the consumption and savings of energy in our
congested world. In accordance to this, the APC International, Ltd. (2020) mentioned in
their study "Basic Overview of Piezoelectric Materials in Energy Harvesting," that
piezoelectric materials are dependable when used in energy harvesting devices due to its
low cost, quality piezoelectric attributes, and ease of integration into energy harvesting
devices. On the other hand, the study of Elprocus (2020) "What is a Piezoelectric
Material? Working, Advantages and Limitations," explained how piezoelectric materials
paved the way for many game-changing inventions since the late '80s. Piezoelectric
materials are used in energy harvesting devices due to their low carbon footprint making
them the best alternative for fossil fuels which is increasing in terms of cost. These
existing studies show a relation with the present study as it demonstrates how cost-
effective piezoelectric materials when used in energy harvesting devices.
A study conducted by US EPA (2019) “Local Renewable Energy Benefits and
Resources” focuses on the benefits of renewable energy sources which only requires low
maintenance, meaning people can save more money. They also have numerous health and
environmental benefits and renewable energy will not run out. In accordance to this,
Safaei, et al. (2019) and APC International, Ltd. (2015), cited in their study that
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researchers explored energy harvesting technologies as an alternative to common power.
Among the energy sources, vibration energy presents a persistent presence in nature and
artificial structures. Different materials have the ability to convert vibratory energy into
electrical energy, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and electrostatic generators.
APC (2015) mentioned in their study “The Top Uses of Piezoelectricity in Everyday
Applications,” several advantages of piezoelectric devices, consisting of easy installation,
responsiveness to high-frequency, highly flexible materials and external power source
not-required. On the other hand, the study of APC (2016) “What is a Transducer?”
depicts how useful piezoelectric transducers are for they are self-generating, accessible
and flexible.
“Piezoelectric Transducer: Applications & Working Principle,” a review
conducted by Electrical4U (2020), discussed that a piezoelectric transducer is a device
used for conversion of pressure or mechanical stress into an electrical charge. For this
reason, in the study of Cafiso et al. (2013), titled “Experimental Analysis for
Piezoelectric Transducers Applications into Roads Pavements,” used a device with
piezoelectric transducers embedded in the layers of pavement. On the other hand, in the
study conducted by Tavares, and Ruderman (2019), “Energy Harvesting using
Piezoelectric Transducers for Suspension System,” used a lumped parameter
electromechanical model as an advantage for stochastic external excitation is an external
force frequency that is applied on an automotive vehicle. Both existing studies show
relation when it comes to using automotive vehicle forces on the road for energy
production using piezoelectric transducers.
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Moreover, in the study conducted by Paul, et. al (2015), titled "Project power
shoe: Piezoelectric wireless power transfer, A mobile charging technique," they used a
type of footwear with piezoelectric transducer that can be converted into electrical energy
and can be used to power electronic devices. However, a study conducted by Woodford
(2019), "Piezoelectricity," used an equipment such as an ultrasound that used
piezoelectric transducers to convert electrical energy into extremely rapid mechanical
vibrations so fast its vibrations can be used for scanning, and cleaning. Although, both
studies show different functions when it comes to usage, they both used the same
components to generate electricity. In addition, the studies of Khan et al. (2020) and Fan,
(2019), cited that 2D materials have excellent flexibility, electrical and mechanical
properties which make them likely candidates for the development of self-powered
electronics and wearable technologies.
In the study of Xu et al. (2018), they discussed how mechanical energy and road
vibrations created by vehicles does not only damage pavement structures but they are
also difficult to collect wherein they utilized piezoelectric material as a road energy
harvester. Furthermore, Urroz-muntoya et al. (2019) in their study “Piezoelectricity: a
literature review for power generation support,” stated that energy harvesting through
piezoelectric materials is the friendliest way for the environment. These studies are
relevant to the present study as it discusses the uses of piezoelectric materials, especially
on harvesting energy that would otherwise go to waste. It provides a solution to power
outages and inefficiency. Also, it gives an alternative power and energy source that is
economical and causes no harm to the environment.
Gap Bridged by The Study
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The review of literature suggests that a number of studies have determined the
effectiveness and reliability of piezoelectricity as a clean source of energy (Paul et al.,
2015; Woodford, 2019; APC International, Ltd., 2020; Safei et al., 2019; APC
International, Ltd., 2015; Elprocus, 2020). Moreover, various studies proved that
piezoelectricity is best suited for equipment and automotive (Tavares et al., 2019; Cafiso
et al., 2013).
Relating to the bending mechanism support, it was tested on how the 3D model
helps to generate more voltage output underneath the footstep tiles by using piezoelectric
transducer (Asry et al., 2018). Regarding the provision of energy, it was stated in the
review of literature that power regeneration will become more durable as it provides
secondary solution of energy production during power outages through a plan using
piezoelectric transducers (Salim et al., 2020; APC International, Ltd., 2016; Electrical4U,
2020).
However, the present study used the piezoelectric materials as the main
component of the energy harvester. It served as an alternative energy source for our USB
devices. Most importantly, with its portability, it is convenient to use because it can
harvest clean energy by only walking or running. PieSole (Piezoelectric Insole) offered
both direct charging capabilities to our USB devices and storage in a power bank for later
use. The origination of the present study caused the research to be unique as no other
similar studies were conducted near the setting where the research takes place.
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Theoretical Framework
Piezoelectricity provides readily available, and clean source of energy capable of
powering electronics that is portable and without having any heavy equipment. The
theory of Piezoelectric Effect adopted in this study is applied in order to support the
claims and hypothesis of the researchers.
The Piezoelectric Effect was discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880
(APS News, 2014). The theory of Piezoelectric Effect aims to discuss the phenomenon in
which piezoelectric materials are able to produce electrical charge when there is an
applied mechanical stress (Bera & Sarkar, 2016). And thus, addresses its potential to be
an energy harvester.
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The current study revolves around the development of the PieSole (Piezoelectric
Insole) as an energy harvester. Wherein, piezoelectric transducers served as the integral
component of the device and on how it functions in generating clean energy. Due to the
transduction principle given by the theory, it resulted to a more profound explanation
about PieSole as an energy harvester. And thus, leading the proponents to consider the
theory as it shows direct relation to the main goal of the study.
Theoretical Paradigm
Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectric
Effect
Piezoelectric
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Insole
Energy
Harvester
Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm
Conceptual Framework
The Input-Process-Output system was used in describing the conceptual
framework of the study.
The input consisted of the components of PieSole, capacity of PieSole in terms of
voltage and current, and the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in
terms of durability, accuracy, and system.
The process included gathering of data through surveys, determining the
effectiveness and level of acceptability of PieSole through power generation through the
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use of analog multimeter and timer and the use of weighted mean and descriptive analysis
as statistical tool.
The output of the process led to the development of PieSole as an energy
harvester.
These variables are used in the experiments of the study in order to determine and
prove the assumptions.
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Conceptual Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Components of PieSole
Gathering of data
Capacity of PieSole in
through questionnaire
terms of voltage and
current Development of PieSole
Determining the capacity
as an Energy Harvester
and level of acceptability
Level of acceptability of
of PieSole through
PieSole as an energy
capacity test
harvester (durability,
accuracy, and system)
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. The Conceptual Paradigm
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NOTES
Mends, F. (2019, September 9). What are piezoelectric materials? Sciencing.com.
Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/piezoelectric-materials-8251088.html
Salim, S. M., & Abdulrazig, O., D.H. (2020). Using smart-piezoelectric materials to
generate electricity. Bright Star Journal for Scientist Research. Retrieved from
http://bsjsr.bsu.edu.ly/Content/Papers/Using%20Smart-Piezoelectric.pdf
Electrical4U. (2020). Piezoelectric transducer: Applications & working principle.
Retrieved from https://www.electrical4u.com/piezoelectric-transducer/
Paul, P. J., Tutu, R. S., Richards, W. K., & Jerome, V. M. (2015). Project power shoe:
Piezoelectric wireless power transfer — A mobile charging technique. IEEE
Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). Retrieved from
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7343993
Woodford, C. (2019, November 9). Piezoelectricity. Explain That Stuff. Retrieved from
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/piezoelectricity.html
Khan, H., et al. (2020). Liquid metal-based synthesis of high performance monolayer SnS
piezoelectric nanogenerators. Nat Commun, 11(3449). Retrieved from
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17296-0?
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Fan, F. & Wu, W. (2019). Emerging Devices Based on Two-Dimensional Monolayer
Materials for Energy Harvesting. American Association for the Advancement of
Science. Retrieved from
https://spj.sciencemag.org/journals/research/2019/7367828/?
APC International, Ltd. (2020, September 4). Basic overview of piezoelectric materials
in energy harvesting. Retrieved from
https://www.americanpiezo.com/blog/energy-harvesting-using-piezoelectric-
materials/
United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2019, August 13). Local renewable
energy benefits and resources. Retrieved from
https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/local-renewable-energy-benefits-and-
resources
Safaei, M., Sodano, H. A., & Anton, S. R. (2019, October 22). A review of energy
harvesting using piezoelectric materials: state-of-the-art a decade later (2008–
2018). IOP Publishing, Ltd. Retrieved from
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/ab36e4
Yang, C. E. (2016, September 16). What is the piezoelectric effect? Endeavor Business
Media, LLC. Retrieved from https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-
management/article/21801833/what-is-the-piezoelectric-effect
27
APC International, Ltd. (2015, May 12). Principles of piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Retrieved from https://www.americanpiezo.com/blog/piezoelectric-energy-
harvesting/
Elprocus. (2020). What is a piezoelectric material? Working, advantages, and limitations.
Retrieved from https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-a-piezoelectric-material-
working/
APC International, Ltd. (2015). The Top Uses of Piezoelectricity in Everyday
Applications. Retrieved from https://www.americanpiezo.com/blog/top-uses-of-
piezoelectricity-in-everyday-applications/
Urroz-Montoya, D. O., Alverto-Suazo, J. R., García-Cabrera, J. R., & Ortega-Jimenez,
C., H. (2019). Piezoelectricity: a literature review for power generation support.
MATEC Web of Conferences. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336041776_Piezoelectricity_a_literature
_review_for_power_generation_support
Tavares, R. & Ruderman, M. (2019). Energy harvesting using piezoelectric transducers
for suspension systems. MechaTronics, Volume 65. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957415819301266?
Cafiso, S., Cuomo, M., Graziano, A. D., & Vecchio, C. (2013). Experimental Analysis
for Piezoelectric Transducers Applications into Roads Pavements. Trans Tech
Publications, Ltd. Retrieved from https://www.scientific.net/amr.684.253?
28
Pinheiro, E. D. & Deivarajan, T. (2019). A Concise Review Encircling Lead Free Porous
Piezoelectric Ceramics. ResearchGate. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337485486_A_Concise_Review_Encirc
ling_Lead_Free_Porous_Piezoelectric_Ceramics
Turkmen, A. C. & Celik, C. (2018). Energy harvesting with the piezoelectric material
with integrated shoe. Energy, Volume 150, 556 – 564. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360544217322028?
Yang, Z., Zhou, S., Zu, J., & Inman, D. (2018, April 18). High-performance piezoelectric
energy harvesters and their applications. Joule, 2(4), 642-697. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435118301260
Asry, M., Maisarah, A., Mustafad, F. A., Ishak, M., & Ahmad, A. (2018). Power
generation by using piezoelectric transducer with bending mechanism support.
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/11917/?
fbclid=IwAR3UEO5hWGwSqZs33woSdGt00yAuxABrRGev0nQ9zuSZZfT4Xq
USoxlIqY8
Motter, D., Lavarda, J. V., Dias, F. A., & Da Silva, S. (2012). Vibration energy
harvesting using piezoelectric transducer and non-controlled rectifiers circuits.
SciELo. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?
script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-58782012000500006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Billanes, J. D., Ma, Z., & Jorgensen, B. N. (2017). Energy Flexibility in the Power
System: Challenges and Opportunities in Philippines. SemanticScholar.org.
29
Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/226c/32f95f060c45b4295175de71dff88f3f74ce.p
df?
Xu, X., Cao, D., Yang, H., & He, Ming (2018). Application of piezoelectric transducer
in energy harvesting in pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research
and Technology, 11(4), 388 – 395. Retrieved from
APS News. (2014). March 1880: The Curie Brothers Discover Piezoelectricity. Retrieved
from https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/201403/physicshistory.cfm?
Bera, B. & Sarkar, M. D. (2016). Piezoelectric Effect, Piezotronics and
Piezophototronics: A Review. Academia.edu. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/37599716/Piezoelectric_Effect_Piezotronics_and_Piez
ophototronics_A_Review?
30
CHAPTER 3
Research Design and Research Methodology
This chapter presents the design used in the study, the experimental layout,
materials and equipment used, the procedures, source of data, the data gathering
procedure, as well as the statistical treatment of data that the researchers used for the
findings of the study.
Research Design
The most suitable research design that is adopted in the study is the Quasi-
Experimental Design specifically the Evaluative Research Design which concerns of the
measuring of the output of a specific project that will be applied to determine the results
needed while the study is conducted. The Quasi-Experimental Design resembles the
experimental design, but is lacking of the random assignment (Conjoint.ly, 2021). The
Evaluative Research Design commits to a specific goal wherein it involves an organized
assessment of the resources’ value (Formplus, 2021). For this study, the researchers used
the energy coming from PieSole as the treatment of the study which is measured through
the posttest. The feasibility of PieSole is identified upon implementing the process. With
the presence of the piezoelectric transducer, it will convert the applied mechanical energy
31
into usable energy, that will flow through the mini voltage regulator, which regulates the
voltage received from PieSole that can either be used to directly store in a power bank or
into charging mobiles or USB devices.
Experimental Layout
Table 1. Experimental Layout
Materials and Equipment
The following are the materials and equipment used in the development of the
(Piezoelectric Insole) Piesole.
Materials for PieSole:
a. 10 pieces of Piezoelectric d. 1 piece of 5mm LED Light
Ceramic Transducers Bulb
b. 1 piece of Power bank e. 2 pieces of Memory Foam
Insoles
c. 1 piece of Shoe
f. 1 piece of Foam Board
32
g. 50 mm of Cable Wire j. 4 pieces of Diodes
h. 1 yard of LED Wire k. 1 yard of Soldering Wire
i. 1 piece of Capacitor
Equipment:
1. Soldering Iron 4. Scissors
2. Voltmeter 5. Pliers
3. Glue Gun
Procedures
The following presents the procedures of the development of Piezoelectric Insole
with Mini Voltage Regulator as a device provided as a proponent.
Construction of PieSole
1. The current insole of the shoe is replaced with the memory foam insole in
accordance to its size. Gather ten (10) pieces of piezoelectric transducers for the
heel and toe then attach them to the new base insole with a hot glue.
2. Solder the wirings of the piezoelectric transducers that have the same charge such
as positive and negative outputs on the soldering joints of the piezoelectric
transducers in a series parallel connection.
33
3. Create a full-bridged rectifier using the four (4) pieces of diodes and the capacitor.
Solder the wirings of the piezoelectric transducers on the soldering joints of the
bridged rectifier.
4. Afterwards, solder the full-bridged rectifier on the soldering joints of the USB
cable of the power bank.
5. Lastly, simply put the second layer of memory foam insole inside of the shoe.
34
Sources of Data
The data gathered by the proponents is the primary data from the capacity testing.
The study consists of various testing to address the problem in the study. The researchers
used an analog multimeter to determine the effectiveness of PieSole as an energy
harvester.
Trials are carried out through capacity testing using an analog multimeter to
measure the electricity harvested by the device. The standard voltage needed to power
USB devices were used to compare the results of the device. Papers and pens were used
to record all the activities that had happened during the testing. Observations are
conducted to facilitate the capacity testing to determine the voltage output and duration of
PieSole as an energy harvester.
Sampling Design
The sampling design that is adopted in the study is the Non-Random Sampling
Design specifically the Purposive Sampling whereas it was used in order for the
researchers to obtain their goals. Purposive sampling is a type of non-random sampling
wherein the researchers will rely on their own judgement for the selection of the subjects
(Foley, 2018).
The primary data was collected in accordance to the assessment of the proponents
and electrical engineer/s that were consulted. The electrical engineer may check the
structure and effectiveness of the device. The proponents are determined on using this as
the primary data because it will provide more reliability and credibility as the proponents
are not yet professionals. Another primary data would come from the selected proponents
31
who used the device for data collection. The secondary source of data are the related
literature and studies collected by the proponents. The tertiary data which are the photo
documents were also provided.
Data Gathering Procedure
In gathering the data of this study, the proponents utilized the Evaluative
Research Design with the aim of identifying the components of PieSole as an energy
harvester in terms of the amount of proportion and cost; the capacity of PieSole in terms
of voltage current; and the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in
terms of durability, accuracy, and system.
In the gathering of primary data, the proponents began by writing a letter of
request from respective school authorities, to get permission and confirmation of
authorization in seeking help and support from the proponents’ chosen professionals—
specifically three Engineers in evaluating the device for the level of acceptability of
PieSole in terms of durability, accuracy, and system. While waiting for the confirmation,
the proponents performed an evaluation in terms of the components and the capacity of
PieSole in which the researchers made an inventory that will be shown using frequency
and percentage. The components were evaluated by measuring or quantifying what
comprises the device; that is by amount of proportion and cost. While the capacity was
determined by using an analog multimeter in measuring the voltage, as well measuring
the current that is produced by the device, that will be executed by the proponents while
doing their daily routine or simply, by simulating one. After the higher-ups approved the
letter, the proponents alongside the Engineers, have set a particular evaluation date and
32
location. The device that had already been made was then handed to the Engineers for the
testing and their assessment which is accompanied by an evaluation sheet. Subsequently,
the collected data from the evaluation sheets were quantified using the Weighted Mean.
The secondary data had already been researched by the proponents as the related
literature and related studies.
33
Statistical Tools
In order to identify the differences and relationships of the mean samples,
appropriate statistical tools for each research question were used.
The components of PieSole as an Energy Harvester and the Capacity of PieSole in
terms of Voltage and Current were assessed and compared. To test the Level of
Acceptability of PieSole as an Energy Harvester in terms of Durability, Accuracy, and
System, Weighted Mean is the preferred statistical tool. Descriptive Analysis was used to
display the study of collected data from the procedures.
34
NOTES
Conjoint.ly. (2021). Quasi-experimental design. Retrieved from
https://conjointly.com/kb/quasi-experimental-design/
Formplus. (2021). Evaluation research design: Examples, methods, & types. Retrieved
from https://www.formpl.us/blog/evaluation-research
Foley, Ben. (2018). Purposive sampling 101. Alchemer, LLC. Retrieved from
https://www.alchemer.com/resources/blog/purposive-sampling-101/
35
CHAPTER 4
PieSole as an Energy Harvester
This chapter presents the observations, analysis of results and interpretation of the
findings of the experiment. These tables were made to show the feasibility of the Piesole
as an Energy Harvester.
I. Components of PieSole as an Energy Harvester
QUANTITY ITEM COST

10 pcs Piezoelectric Ceramic 150.00
Transducer
1 pc Power bank 104.00
1 pc Shoe 0.0 (from a pair of shoes)
1 pc 5mm LED Light Bulb 0.0 (from old toys)
2 pcs Memory Foam Insoles 53.00

1 pc Foam Board 0.0 (from art materials)
50mm Cable Wire 14.00
1 pc Charging Pin 0.0 (from old chargers)
1 yd LED Wire N/A
1 pc Capacitor 75.00
4 pcs Diodes 32.00
1 yd Soldering Wire 16.00
TOTAL: 444.00
Table 2. Amount of Proportion and Cost
This table presents the components of the PieSole in terms of amount of
proportion and its cost.
36
II. Capacity of PieSole
Table 3.1. Voltage of the PieSole
Time Capacity
(Hour) (Voltage)
1 hour 32.6 V
2 hours 24.9 V
3 hours 29.7 V
4 hours 25.7 V
Table 3.1. shows that the Piesole as an energy harvester has an average voltage
output of 28.23 AC voltage and produces 135.5 mA of current via an operating time of 4
hours. The harvested energy may vary depending on the pressure and number of steps to
be taken.
This further shows that piezoelectric materials are able to be used in energy
harvesting as a main component of a device. And thus, the potential of piezoelectric
materials as an energy source is truly undeniable (Urroz-Montoya et al.).
37
Table 3.2. Current of the PieSole
Time Current
(Hour) (Milliamperes)
1 hour 39.1 mA
2 hours 69.0 mA
3 hours 104.6 mA
4 hours 135.5 mA
Table 3.2. shows that the Piesole as an energy harvester has an average current of
87.05 mA and produces 135.5 mA of current via an operating time of 4 hours. The data
was collected by means of measuring the current through an analog multimeter for every
hour.
This means that the PieSole is capable of producing usable electricity. The present
study confirms the study of Asry et al. (2018), which mentioned that through the use of
human footstep-generated electricity, useful energy can be harvested and moreover be
used in creating electricity, for non-renewable energy replacement.
38
III. Level of Acceptability of PieSole as an Energy Harvester
Table 4.1. Durability of PieSole
Indicator Rating Interpretation
Durabilit 4 Highly Acceptable

y
3 Acceptable
3 Acceptable
AVERAGE MEAN 3.3
INTERPRETATION Very Satisfactory
Table 4.2. Legend
Legend
3.41 – 4.00 Highly Satisfactory
2.81 – 3.40 Very Satisfactory
2.21 – 2.80 Satisfactory
1.61 – 2.20 Moderately Satisfactory
1.00 – 1.60 Not Satisfactory
Table 4.1 presents the Level of Acceptability of PieSole in terms of Durability. It
was defined that the Durability refers to the quality of being able to last a long period of
time (Cambridge University Press, 2020), and served as one of the variables measured
to test the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester, which resulted in an
Average Mean of 3.3, interpreted as Very Satisfactory. This means that the PieSole will
39
not break easily. The current study validates the study of Turkmen et al. (2017), which
mentioned that piezoelectric materials have a long lifespan and do not show any signs
of fatigue unless they are broken.
Accuracy 3 Acceptable
3 Acceptable
3 Acceptable
AVERAGE MEAN 3.0
Table 4.3. Accuracy of PieSole
Table 4.4. Legend
Legend
Table 4.3 presents the Level of Acceptability of PieSole in terms of Accuracy. It
was defined that the Accuracy refers to which the correct or standard value is confirmed
by the intended result of a measurement, specification, or calculation (Lexico, 2021),
40
and served as one of the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of PieSole
as an energy harvester, which resulted in an Average Mean of 3.0, interpreted as Very
Satisfactory. The present study proves the study of Laumann et al. (2017), which
mentioned that the amount of energy generated depends upon the weight of the person,
maximum deflection, and type and frequency of movement.
System 4 Highly Acceptable
3 Acceptable
3 Acceptable
AVERAGE MEAN 3.3
Table 4.5. System of PieSole
Table 4.6.Legend
Legend
Table 4.5. presents the Level of Acceptability of the PieSole in terms of System.
It was defined that the System refers to a coordinated assortment of parts that are
41
incorporated profoundly to obtain a general objective (TechTarget Contributor, 2021),
and served as one of the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of PieSole as
an energy harvester, which resulted in an Average Mean of 3.3, interpreted as Very
Satisfactory. This means that the operating system of the PieSole works well while using
it. The current study verifies the study of Motter et al. (2012), which mentioned that
piezoelectric energy harvesting is of practical interest because the converted energy can
be stored or directly used to power other devices such as mobile phones and portable
electronics.
Indicators Durability Accuracy System
Ratin Interpretatio Ratin Interpretation Rating Interpretation

g n g
CHOICE OF 4 Highly 3 Acceptable 4 Highly

ACCEPTABILIT Acceptable Acceptable
Y
3 Acceptable 3 Acceptable 3 Acceptable
3 Acceptable 3 Acceptable 3 Acceptable
AVERAGE MEAN 3.2

Table 5.1. Scale for the Level of Acceptability of PieSole
Legend

42

Table 5.2 Legend
As previously stated on the tables, Table 4.1., Table 4.3. and Table 4.5. shows that
the PieSole is significantly acceptable in terms of Durability, Accuracy and System. The
Average Mean, 3.33, indicates that the PieSole is Very Satisfactory to be developed as an
energy harvester. The legend was derived from the Five-Point Likert Scale. In
compliance with the study of Bhandari (2020), participants utilized psychometric scales,
in particular Likert Scales with typically 5-7 items, to specify opinions and attitudes to a
topic or subject matter.
Description of the Output
The PieSole can produce 28.23 volts within 4 hours on average. The device uses a
piezoelectric ceramic, shoe, foam board insole, foam board, 50mm wire, micro-USB,
5mm led light bulb, diodes, power bank, and capacitor. Each of the materials and
components has a specific role that makes energy harvesting possible.
The piezoelectric transducer is the main component of the PieSole. The transducer
contains quartz crystals which produces electricity by squeezing or bending. A shoe
insole is replaced with memory foam, which serves as the base for the piezoelectric
43
ceramics placed on the heel and toe of the insole. The soldered wirings of each transducer
are connected in series-parallel circuits to generate efficient energy for charging.
The Piezoelectric insole is composed of a sandwich layering which is both of the
transducers were being pressured by the upper and lower insole the other way around as
the positive and negative wirings are connected. The output connection of the
piezoelectric insole will be soldered into the positive and negative terminal of the bridge
rectifier that allows kinetic energy to convert into the electric current as we release
pressure or mechanical stress. Moreover, as the piezoelectric transducer generates electric
current, it passes through the diodes, enabling the current to flow in one direction (the
diode's forward direction) while preventing it to flow it in the opposite direction.
The PieSole is used to harvest energy through mechanical energy produced by the
vibrations and bending of the transducers. It generates and supplies energy from the
human footsteps that can be utilized after converting AC to DC input voltage into the
power bank which will serve as energy storage and provides power to a USB device.
The Piesole as an energy harvester has an average voltage output of 28.23 AC
voltage via Operating Time of 4 hours. The harvested energy may vary depending on the
pressure and number of steps to be taken.
44
Figure 3. Piezoelectric Transducer-installed Shoe Insole
Figure 4. Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor
45
Figure 5. PieSole
Figure 6. Schematic Diagram
46
Figure 7. Bridged Rectifier
47
NOTES
USoxlIqY8
with integrated shoe. Energy, Volume 150, 556-564. Retrieved from
Laumann, F., Sorensen, M. M., Lindemann, R. F. J., Hansen, T. M., & Tambo, T. (2017).
Energy harvesting through piezoelectricity - technology foresight. Energy
Procedia, Volume 142, 3062-3068. Retrieved from
48
Bhandari, P. (2020). Designing and analyzing Likert scales. Scribbr. Retrieved from
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/likert-scale/
49
CHAPTER 5
Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
In this chapter, summary, findings and conclusions were laid out to deliberate the
outcome of this study. Furthermore, the researchers included their recommendation on
the current study for the improvisation of the study.
Summary
The primary aim of the study is to determine whether PieSole can become an
acceptable energy harvester that can provide an alternative source of energy for our USB
devices. Specifically, the current study aims to answer the following questions: (1) What
are the needed components in creating PieSole in terms of (a) amount of proportion, (b)
cost. (2) What is the capacity of PieSole in harvesting energy in terms of voltage and
current? (3) What is the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms
of (a) durability, (b) accuracy, and (c) system. Based on the research questions, the
researchers formulated the assumptions of: (1) There are particular components of
PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of amount of proportion and cost. (2) There is a
capacity in harvesting energy using PieSole in terms of Voltage and Current. (3) There is
a level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of durability, accuracy,
and system.
In the present study, the researchers utilized the Quasi-Experimental Design
specifically the Evaluative Research Design to support the findings and the main aim of
the study, which is to determine the acceptability of PieSole as an Energy Harvester. For
50
this study, the researchers used the energy coming from PieSole as the treatment of the
study which is measured through the posttest.
In the final analysis, the assumption formulated by the researchers are accepted.
Therefore, the assumptions are accurate. This indicates that the PieSole is significantly
acceptable as an alternative energy source for USB devices.
Findings
In order to create the PieSole, the components that served as main components
were 10 pieces of Piezoelectric Ceramic Transducers, 1 piece of Power bank, 1 piece of
Shoe, 1 piece of 5mm LED Light Bulb, 2 pieces of Memory Foam Insoles, 1 piece of
Foam Board, 50 mm of Cable Wire, 1 yard of LED Wire, 1 piece of Capacitor, 4 pieces
of Diodes, and 1 yard of Soldering Wire.
Based on the testing the capacity of PieSole in terms of voltage have shown that
the device was able to generate an average voltage output of 28.23 Volts which was using
an analog multimeter. Additionally, the device has produced a measured current of 135.5
milliamperes via an operating time of 4 hours. With the recorded data, this proves that
there is a capacity for PieSole to harvest energy.
Centered on the data that was gathered through the survey process, the rate of
acceptability of PieSole was interpreted to be Very Satisfactory with a general weighted
mean of 3.2. While in terms of Durability, the interpretation was highly satisfactory with
a weighted mean of 3.3. Additionally, in terms of Accuracy, the interpretation was
satisfactory with a weighted mean of 3.0. And lastly, in terms of System, the
interpretation was highly satisfactory with a weighted mean of 3.3. And thus, with an
51
acceptability rate of 3.2. interpreted to be Very Satisfactory, the PieSole is an acceptable
Energy Harvester.
A validated evaluation sheet serves as the main instrument of the study. Elec.
Engr. Leo Agustin P. Vela, Engr. Mark Anthony F. Santiago, RME, and Engr. Danfer
Nickel R. Toledo were the experts who assessed the Level of Acceptability of PieSole in
terms of Durability, Accuracy, and System. The data were gathered and the results were
analyzed and interpreted. Also, the analog multimeter and timer served as the main
instrument in the study to measure the Voltage, Current, Accuracy, and System. Average
Mean and Descriptive Analysis was used as the statistical tool in this study.
Conclusions
Based on the facts revealed in the findings of the experiment, the researchers were
able to conclude these statements to further explain the results gathered during the
experimentation and observation of the researchers. With this, it is easy to see the
outcome that happened along the process of making the PieSole.
PieSole is an acceptable Energy Harvester. The recorded results that came out of
the testing proves that the device PieSole is able to harvest energy through conversion of
mechanical energy into usable energy, therefore, proving that there is a capacity to the
PieSole. The recorded results were presented from the tables on the previous chapter.
The evaluation conducted by professionals on the Level of Acceptability of
PieSole as an Energy Harvester in terms of Durability, Accuracy, and System shows
promising potential as the results positively came out as Very Satisfactory which was
presented from the tables on the previous chapter.
52
The assumption states that (1) There are particular components of PieSole as an
energy harvester in terms of amount of proportion and cost; (2) There is a capacity in
harvesting energy using PieSole in terms of Voltage and Current; (3) There is a level of
acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of durability, accuracy, and
system, are accepted. Therefore, the assumptions are correct. This means that PieSole is
significantly acceptable as an Energy Harvester.
The Development of PieSole is strongly feasible to be developed as an Energy
Harvester.
Recommendations
In the light of the conclusions derived from the study, the following are the
recommendations:
1. It is recommended to utilize better energy storage that are capable of charging
USB devices.
2. The procedure of measuring the harvested energy of the PieSole should be
more detailed with reference to a number of hours.
3. The wirings of the system should not be exposed in order to ensure greater
safety.
4. The documentation should be performed properly.
5. In addressing the scarcity of the materials, the stakeholders are encouraged to
provide stocks of the materials to better improve the quality of the study.
6. The researchers encourage the stakeholders to utilize the device as an
alternator in energy harvesting.
53
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CHAPTER 1

including entertainment, work, comfort, and more, depends on electricity. However, in

company to power their USB devices.

The high energy consumption of citizens impacted the demand of renewable

powering electronics that is portable and without having heavy equipment.

renewable energy harvesting. The induction of electric potential is the response of

piezoelectric materials to an applied mechanical stress and is called the piezoelectric

piezoelectricity presents another earth-friendly method of electrical power generation

piezoelectric materials, it is suitable for the fabrication of transducer-equipped shoes for

To come up with an energy source, the proponents provided a piezoelectric

transducer-installed shoe insole to produce electricity. The certain amount of kinetic

our USB devices.

This experimental study focused on the acceptability of PieSole (Piezoelectric

Insole) as an energy harvester. This research is conducted to provide an alternative

energy source for our USB devices.

Statement of the Problem

This experimental study assessed the acceptability of PieSole as an energy

Specifically, this study answered the following questions:

a.) Amount of Proportion

2. What is the capacity of PieSole in harvesting energy in terms of voltage and

3. What is the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms of:

The proponent of the study presupposes the following:

1. There are particular components of PieSole as an energy harvester in

terms of amount of proportion and cost.

2. There is a capacity in harvesting energy using PieSole in terms of Voltage

3. There is a level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy harvester in terms

of durability, accuracy, and system.

Scope and Delimitation

Electrical Engineers, as well as the proponents.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be of significant benefit to the following:

on how to conduct the research in terms of developing the piezoelectric insole as an

electric transducer through USB devices.

considered for conceptual and operational meanings.

Piezoelectricity. Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon wherein there is a coupling between

the electrical and mechanical state of a piezoelectric material. When a piece of

deformed when exerted to an electrical field (Edvardsson, 2019). In this study,

bank or charge a USB device which is utilized in this study.

Piezoelectric Effect. It refers to the induction of electric charge in response to applied

the effect that initiated from piezoelectric materials.

Piezoelectric Transducer. It refers to a type of device that converts the applied

piezoelectric transducers are used to generate electricity by either walking or running.

researchers used PieSole as the energy harvester.

variables measured to test the capacity of PieSole as an energy harvester

Acceptability. It refers to the quality of being satisfactory and able to be approved of

relevance to PieSole that is tested by the experts.

intended result of a measurement, specification, or calculation (Lexico, 2021). In this

PieSole as an energy harvester

System. It refers to a coordinated assortment of parts that are profoundly incorporated to

of the variables measured to test the level of acceptability of PieSole as an energy

Kumar, C., N. (2015). Energy collection via piezoelectricity. Journal of Physics:

Conference Series, Volume 662. Retrieved from

generator using piezo-electric transducers. International Journal of Scientific &

Engineering Research, 8(3). Retrieved from

Francis Online, 493(1), 12-24. Retrieved from

Mehrotra, U. (2016). Walking charger using piezo-electric material. International

Journal for Technological Research In Engineering, 4(1), 2347 – 4718. Retrieved

Zhang, J. X.J., & Hoshino, K. (2014). Implantable sensors. ScienceDirect. Retrieved

APC International, Ltd. (2016). What is a transducer? Retrieved from

GlobalSpec. (2020). Analog multimeters information. Retrieved from

Naik, D. (2018). Energy harvesting. Toppr. Retrieved from https://www.toppr.com

Cambridge University Press. (2021). Capacity. Retrieved from

Fluke Corporation. (2020). What is voltage? Retrieved from https://www.fluke.com/en-