Eia For Boat Jetty KK

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TAMILNADU MARITIME BOARD
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT KANYAKUMARI
1 Centre for Environment, Health and Safety

Annamalai University
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Executive Summary

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. GENERAL
Tamilnadu is one of the resourceful maritime states of India with picturesque coastal
environment with several estuarine complexes that gives a unique natural panorama which is
the major attraction to tourist, historically without any seasonal constrain.
Kanyakumari, also known as Cape Cameron, is a coastal town at the southern tip of Tamilnadu
that enjoys a significant tourist attraction due its natural gift of coastal feature of the
confluence of Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. Adding further to it, Vivekananda
rock memorial and the recent addition of Ayyan Thiruvallur Statue are the attraction to all,
cutting across the divides of religion, language and even, country.
Environment Kanyakumari is inimitable with marine and terrestrial attributes complementing
to each other, still with significant anthropogenic activities, which made it get referred as Blue
Green land of Tamilnadu with picturesque Western Ghats and bordering with god’s land,
called Kerala.
A passenger ferry service is in place for quite a long time to facilitate tourists to go
Vivekananda rock memorial and with the ingress of tourists due to Ayyan Valluvan Statue, the
existing jetty that facilitate the ferry services has become inadequate. There is a need to
enhance the existing jetty in order optimally schedule the movement of the three operating
ferries to the convenience of the tourists.
Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSCL), the nodal agency for Government of
Tamilnadu as the operator of the ferry services. PSCL on a policy directive from Government of
Tamilnadu entrusted the jetty extension project to Tamilnadu Maritime Board (TNMB).
TNMB has availed the technical consultancy for the project design and feasibility study of the
proposed jetty extension from Department of Coastal Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (Madras) and also availed the services of Centre for Environment, Health &
Safety, Annamalai University for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment studies and
getting required approval under CRZ Notification, 2019.
The project is envisaged to extend the existing Jetty which is only 37.00m now, by another
100.00 m length and for a width of 8.00m to facilitate the increased level of navigation of
passenger ferries. The proposed project has been designed to incorporate a Groyne of
140.00m to safeguard the Jetty with respect to coastal safety and erosion.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2. PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed site is having a Jetty of 37m that serves the navigation of passenger
ferry services. The extension of the jetty has become must to facilitate increased
ferry services for providing safe sailing to the tourists who venture from coastline to
Vivekananda rock memorial and Ayyan Valluvan Statue.
Kanyakumari is situated on the southernmost tip of India on the mainland. The location gives
the connectivity to Vivekananda Rock (8o 04' 42.93'' N and 77o 33' 17.55'' E) located at about
360 m from the land and Ayyan Valluvan Statue which is at a distance of 86 m from the rock
and its details are presented in Table. 1 and same is shown in Fig. 1.
Table 1: Limits of Project Location

o o
Point 1 8 05' 30'' N 77 35' 00'' E
o o
Point 2 8 04' 30'' N 77 35' 00'' E
o o
Point 3 8 04' 30'' N 77 35' 00'' E
o o
Point 4 8 05' 00'' N 77 33' 00'' E
FIG. 1. PORT LIMITS OF KANYAKUMARI

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
3. EXTENSION OF PASSENGER JETTY- The Project
The proposed extension of passenger jetty is envisaged with a Groyne to provide coastal
stability from erosion and wave safety.
Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited operates three passenger boats using which the
tourists can reach the Vivekananda rock memorial and Thiruvalluvar statue. In a day, they are
ferrying now about 8,000 passengers. Since the jetty at Vivekananda rock is only 37 m long, it
is possible to berth only one vessel and this is causing idling of one ferry at sea and also long
queue to passengers at the rock as well as at the land jetty. This long queue is causing
inconvenience for many tourists who visit the Memorial but hesitates because of the waiting
time.
The operation time of the ferry is from 8 am to 4 pm and most of the days especially during
tourist season queue at the counter will be about one to one and a half kilometer long. During
the peak season, when the counter closes at 4 pm there will be at least 2000 people waiting at
the counter.
Indian Port Association (IPA) has taken up steps to resolve the issue by extending the
passenger jetty at Vivekananda Rock so that two more vessels can be berthed thereby
increasing the number of ferry services and thus making more facilities for the people to visit
the Vivekananda rock without much waiting time.
IPA has instructed Tamil Nadu state government to initiate the project and accordingly Tamil
Nadu Maritime Board (TNMB) has given the work order to Department of Ocean Engineering,
IIT Madras to do the design and physical model study for the Groyne.
The proposed project will have the components as listed in Table. 2.
Sl.No Project Components
1 Extension of Passenger Jetty 100.00X 8.00m
2 Groyne 140.00m
The existing jetty is 37 m of length and having a width of 8 m. The deck level of existing jetty
is (+) 2.1 m CD. The bed level at the location of existing berth and rock is approximately (-) 3.5
m CD. The proposed Groyne will be extended up to 140 m length and bed level of (-) 4.0 m
CD and (-) 4.5 m CD average is assumed for the design of Groyne.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The crest level is proposed as (+) 6.00 m and deck level of the new jetty is kept at the same
level of existing jetty.
The proposed extension of Jetty for a length of 100 m and 8.0 m wide is to provide the facility
for berthing of passenger boats. A protective groyne is proposed strategically for a length of
140m to protect the Jetty from erosion and wave action. The construction material for the
Groyne is rubble mound stones, Tetrapod armor unit and precast concrete blocks.
The location of the proposed project Map is presented in Fig.2.
There is no dredging requirement as necessary draft for safe movement and docking of boats
is already available, by nature. The proposed project of Jetty extension with a Groyne will
facilitate easy movement of boats and provide safety to tourists.
The proposed project is assessed for a budgetary estimate of INR 20 Crores.
The layout of the proposed Jetty extension and Groyne is presented in Fig.3.
The proposed project is only a transit point for the tourist. The required water and rest room
facilities are made available in the ferry /boats and hence there is no requirement of water nor
there any requirement for waste water management.
4. EIA CONSULTANTS
Centre for Environment, Health & Safety (CEHS), Annamalai University is an accredited EIA
organization by QCI under NABET for Ministry for Environment, Forests & Climate Change
(MoEF & CC) and Government of India.
CEHS has been contracted for EIA consultancy by Tamilnadu Maritime Board towards getting
CRZ Clearance under CRZ Notification, 2019.
The Environmental Impact studies were supported by Indian Institute of Technology-Madras

as the project consultants for preparing Detailed Project Report with coastal surveys. IIT-M
already completed a comprehensive study on the technical and economic feasibility of the
project.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5. EIA FRAME WORK
EIA study was initiated with Environmental survey in the project area, considering 10 km
radius from the location as Impact area, for evaluating the Due-diligence of the
Environmental status. The Survey for field observations was run to generate primary data on
Micrometeorology, Air Quality, Water, Noise, Soil/sediment, Socio Economics and Terrestrial
& Marine Biology (Flora, Fauna and Biota).
The hydrodynamic survey was learnt conducted and Mathematical Models were run for the
evaluation of coastal dynamics of the project location and to provide basis for the design of
Jetty and Groyne by Department of Coastal Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-
Madras.
A Comprehensive Environmental Management Plan is devised and provided for

implementation in all three phases of the project viz., Planning & Designing, Construction and
Operation & Maintenance Phase.
EMP was framed with protocols and procedures for monitoring and maintenance of the
proposed project components with environmental compatibility.
The District experiences tropical pleasant climate throughout the year. Winter temperature
ranges from 21.6o to 33.8ºC while summer temperature ranges from 22.4o to 34.8ºC January
to February is the winter season and March to May is the summer season. The project area
receives rainfall both during the south-west and the north-east monsoons. The southwest
monsoon period starts from the month of June and ends in September, while the north-east
monsoon period starts from October and ends in the middle of December. January to February
is the dry season and March to May is the hot season. The annual average rainfall in the
project area is 1465 mm with a maximum of around 247 mm in October and a minimum of 21
mm in February. During the North-East monsoon, between October and December, a
precipitation of 549 mm is received in 24 rainy days and during the South-West monsoon 537
mm is received from June to September in 27 rainy days. In summer, 332mm of rainfall is
received in 11 rainy days between March and May. Relative humidity ranges between 60 to
100 %.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
6. ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE
The Environmental attributes around the project location for 5Km radius was surveyed and
characterized for its quality and its prevailing metrics.
This Due Diligence Survey was conducted during March to May, 2018 in the project Impact
area of 5 Km radius.
6.1. Ambient Environment
The ambient air quality (AAQ) around the project location was surveyed by strategically
located sample points and analyzed for all recommended parameters of pollution as per the
recommendation of CPCB and interpreted for NAAQS. The Standard methods recommended
by MoEF&CC used for analysis of the parameters viz., PM 10, PM 2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX). Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo
Pyrene (BEP), Arsenic (As), Ammonia (NH3) and Nickel (Ni)
The PM 10 was found for a maximum of 41.00 µg/m3 and minimum of 24.80 µg/m3. The PM 2.5
was found for a maximum of 19.80 µg/m3 and minimum of 15.20 µg/m3. The SO2 was found for
a maximum of 10.20 µg/m3 and minimum of 7.30 µg/m3. The NOX was found for a maximum
of 14.20 µg/m3 and minimum of 7.70 µg/m3. The CO and all other parameters were found as
non existence.
6.2. Water
The Surface water is saline as the location is close to shore and under tidal influence in the
project impact area. The underground sources are also not good and dependable in view of its
proximity to sea and creeks.
6.3. Soil
The Soil is Clayey and coastal alluvium. The river alluvial soil characteristics also found. The soil
is fertile despite its proximity to sea and estuarine rivers.
6.4. Noise & Vibration
The maximum day time noise level is 41.50 dB(A) and the minimum being 25.20 dB(A). The
maximum night time noise level is 39.25 dB(A) and the minimum being 22.50 dB(A). As the
location is coastal, there is no significant vibration activity as such in the ambient environment.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
6.5. Socio Economics
Fishery and Tourism are the two major carriers in practice, predominantly by people in the
impact area.
Government of Tamilnadu has specific policies to promote tourism in the project location and
the proposed extension of the existing jetty, will be a big boon to the tourism development in
Kanyakumari.
6.6. Biological Environment
The flora & fauna in both terrestrial and marine environment in the impact area of the project
has been surveyed to understand that the impact area is biologically rich with varied species
and marine biodiversity.
6.6a. Terrestrial Environment
There is a significant and typical terrestrial environmental attributes linked to coastal

environment were surveyed to exist.
6.6b. Marine Environment
The impact area of 5Km radius has not any recommended Protected Area by Wildlife Institute
of India. However, the aqua-Environment is very significant and provides scope for fishing and
there are three fishing harbors.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
The proposed extension of Jetty will not have any manufacturing or production activities. The
Jetty is principally to enable the service industry of providing ferry services to the visitors. This
will enable the optimal. The ethnic or cultural tourists or the entertainment or holidaying
activities are expected to impart least impacts that too, landwards and the ingress of traffic on
roads for sightseeing for the most part of their staying is an environmental concern.
The jetty extension will only optimize and even to increase the ferry services. There is no
manufacturing or production activities. Specifically there is no emission either point source or
area sources. The only source of emission will be from the DG Set that is with the operation
ferry services.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
7.2. Water & Wastewater
There is no requirement of water and so no generation of wastewater from the proposed

project activities.
The generation of wastewater from the tourists are not in the purview of the present proposal
and it will be treated in the existing facilities on landside.
7.3. Soil and Solid waste
The proposed activity is a coastal structure and no solid waste generation due to the proposed
infrastructures.
7.4. Noise & Vibration
Except the movement of ferries and boats in the project location, there will not be any other
noise or vibration generating activities in the project location. The noise from ferries or boats
also will get synchronized with typical coastal noise due to waves and winds.
The proposed activities are not to interfere or confront with the activities of the fishermen in
the project location. Perhaps, this will bring and enhance further the net positive impact on
the social front with providing alternative means of living to fisherman with the promotion of
tourism in the project location.
As there will not be any discards or discharges of polluting streams viz., gas, solid and liquid,
the biological environment will remain status quo and untouched, largely. TNMB is committed
to preserve the biological features and protect and promote the features of the biodiversity in
the project location.
7.6a. Terrestrial Environment
The operations of ferries will not have any interference with terrestrial biology as its activities
are pertaining to coastal Zone.
7.6b. Marine Environment
The movement of Ferries or Boats will have some impact on the marine, but restricted to
shore area. The impact is only qualified for non-polluting and physical.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The additional jetty will not to have any discharges or disposals or any physical interference
with biological attributes.
8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
There is no point source of emission, except from the operations of the engines of the ferry or
boats. The area source of fugitive dust will be fully prevented with well laid concrete roads and
good quality vehicles.
8.2. Water & Wastewater
The requirement for water is only for tourists travelling in the ferry services which will be
managed separately.
No water source development or treatment plan is required in the present proposal and
subsequently no requirement for wastewater treatment.
The water required during constriction works of Jetty and Groyne will be temporal and
minimal and will be managed through the approved external supplies.
8.3. Solid Waste
Solid waste generated from the travel of tourist will be collected from the ferries through the
existing system and will be transferred to the approved Municipal Solid Waste Management
facility. This solid waste is assessed for 10 TPD and will be disposed as per the guidelines of
TNPCB through pout sourcing agencies.
TNMB will have a coordinated schedule of activities so that no physical interference to

fishermen activities and fishing. The educated youth of fishermen will be suitably given job
carriers in serving the ferries and boats.
TNMB will involve in the health and skill training activities for fishermen and will ensure it will
benefit the people in around for alternative job opportunities.
The proposed jetty and groyne will not have any interference or impact with ambient
terrestrial or marine environment, it will support native species of plantation and social
forestry scheme are implemented with the participation of local peoples.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
8.5.1. Terrestrial Environment
TNMB will volunteer to support the schemes of local village administration for greenery and
will support the social forestry scheme of the government in the project impact area.
8.5.2. Marine Environment
TNMB will take input from Department concerned to upgrade the marine biodiversity in the
project location by mass plantation of the mangrove diversity.
8.6. Traffic Management
The TNMB will strive hard for connecting the lead road to SH to the project location and it will
be widened. The traffic will be regulated through signal systems and ensuring service roads for
the villages on both the sides of the proposed roads.
8.7. Parking Facility
TNMB will provide ample parking facility in the project location, both open and covered.
As an estimate, PSCL is intended to provide parking lot - open for 50 cars and 200 two
wheelers. Also, for another 50 Cars and 200 two wheelers as covered area, in the reclaimed
area.
8.8. Storm Water Drainage Systems
There is no requirement for Storm water drainage.
8.9. Rain Water Harvesting Structures
TNMB will improve the existing the existing recharge wells to collect the storm water.
8.10. Green Belt Development
TNMB will have green belt in all open area in the project location.
All along the internal roads on either sides and at the central meridian, coastal specific
plantations will be done in consultation with Tamilnadu State Biodiversity Board.
9. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PLAN
PSCL will spend 2 % of its total annual profit for supporting the socio economic activities of the
fishermen and enhancing the coastal biodiversity with new plantations.
TNMB will support annual Health Surveillance Camp for the nearby villages organized by
government bodies.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
10. ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
An exclusive administrative set-up of executives under the chairmanship of the Chief Executive
of PSCL for better maintenance of environmental systems will be established.
Exclusive funding mechanism and devoted staff will be provided to Environmental Cell. The
Cell will additionally hold the responsibility of addressing the public grievances and keep
updating the statutory approvals.
The Protocol of the proposed Environmental Cell is presented in Fig.4.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Contents

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
Titles
No. No.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 26
1.2 Project Proponent 26
1.3 Proposed Project: Extension of Passenger Jetty 27
1.4 EIA Consultants 28
1.5 Objectives of EIA/EMP 29
1.6 Scope of the Study 30
II PROJECT FEASIBILITY
2.1 General 32
2.2 Extension of Jetty – Proposed Project 33
2.3 Need for Extending the Jetty – The Present Project 34
2.4 Extension of Passenger Jetty – Facility Components 34
2.4.1 Project Size and Type 35
2.4.2 Location 35
2.4.3 Extent of the Land 35
2.4.4 Project Components 36
2.5 Material Balance 36
2.6 Resource Optimization 36
2.6.1 Water 36
2.6.2 Power 37
2.7 Waste Treatment & Disposal 37
2.7.1 Effluent 37
2.7.2 Emission 37
2.7.3 Solid Waste 37
2.7.4 Oil, Paint & Grease 37
2.8 Land Survey 37
2.9 Topography 38
2.10 Land Use Pattern 38
2.11 Existing Infrastructures 38
2.12 Soil Classification 38
2.13 Climate – Meteorology 38
2.14 Social Infrastructures 41
2.15 Planning Brief 41
2.16 Conceptual Planning 41
2.17 Population Projection 41
2.18 Land use Planning 41
2.19 Infrastructure Demand 42
2.20 Amenities/Facilities 42

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.21 Green Belt Development 42
2.22 Traffic & Parking 42
2.23 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) Plan 43
2.24 Project Schedule & Cost Estimates 43
2.25 Corporate Responsibility Plan 43
2.26 Project Feasibility 44
III ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
3.1 General 46
IV ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE MONITORING
4.1 General 48
4.2 Value Environmental Components 49
4.3 Micrometeorology 50
4.3.1 Wind Speed and Direction 50
4.3.2 Wave 51
4.3.3 Temperature 51
4.3.4 Relative Humidity 54
4.3.5 Cyclone 54
4.3.6 Rainfall 54
4.3.7 Topography 54
4.3.8 CRZ Mapping 54
4.4 Air Environment 57
4.5 Water Environment 66
4.5.1 Surface Water Sources 68
4.5.2 Subsurface Sources 71
4.6 Noise Environment 73
4.7 Soil Environment 76
4.7.1 Land Use Pattern 76
4.7.2 Land Survey 80
4.8 Biological Environment 81
4.8.1 Terrestrial Environment 81
4.8.2 Flora 81
4.8.3 Aquatic Vegetation 81
4.8.4 Planktons 84
4.8.5 Fauna 85
4.8.6 Insects 85
4.8.7 Birds 85
4.8.8 Zooplankton 85
4.9 Marine Environment 85
4.9.1 Fishes 85
4.9.2 Zooplankton 90
4.9.3 Polychates and Molluscas 92
4.10 Human Environment (Socio Economics) 94
4.10.1 Socio-economic impact 94
V ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1 General 103

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5.2 Impact Prone Activities 103
5.2.1 Planning & Construction Phase 103
5.2.2 Operation & Maintenance Phase 104
5.2.2a Water and Wastewater Treatment & Disposals 104
5.2.2b Solid Waste Disposal 104
5.2.2c Traffic of Ferry/ Boats 105
5.3 Analysis of Impacts 105
5.3.1 Air Pollution 105
5.3.2 Water Pollution 105
5.3.3 Solid waste 105
5.3.4 Noise 106
5.4 Impact Prediction Studies 106
5.4.1 Coastal Environment 106
5.4.2 Biological Environment 106
5.4.3 Socio Economics 106
5.5 Evaluation of Impacts 107
5.6 Impact Quantification 107
5.7 Mitigation Measures 109
5.7.1 Planning & Design Phase 112
5.7.2 Construction & Establishment Phase 112
5.7.3 Operation & Maintenance Phase 113
VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1 General 115
6.2 On-Site Monitoring 116
6.3 Off-site Environmental Monitoring 116
6.4 PSCL-ADHOC -Environmental Laboratory 118
VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 General 121
7.2 Marine Biodiversity Impact Assessment 122
VIII PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 General 126
8.2 Physical Infrastructures 126
8.3 Social Infrastructures 127
8.4 Tourism 127
8.5 Employment 128
8.6 TNMB – Growth Potentials 128
8.7 National Growth 128
IX ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.1 General 130
9.2 Cost of Action Vs Cost of Benefit 131
9.3 Economic Value of Ecosystem 131
9.4 Valuing Health and Life 131
9.5 CBA-Project Establishment 132
X ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
10.1 General 134
10.2 EMP-Planning and Designing Phase 134
10.2.1 Evaluation of Coastal Processes-Sediment Dynamics 135
10.2.2 Siting 135
10.2.3 Consultative Process 136
10.2.4 Planning Guidelines 136
10.3 EMP-Establishment and Construction Phase 136
10.3.1 Site Cleaning 136
10.3.2 GPS Positioning 136
10.4 EMP-Operations and Maintenance Phase 142
10.4.1 Collection of Data on Wind/Wave 142
10.4.2 Collection of Data on Coastal Processes 142
10.4.3 Boats/Ferries 142
10.5 Environmental Cell 143
XI SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
11.1 General 145
11.2 Passenger Terminal- PSCL 145
11.3 Summary 146
11.3.1 Environmental Due Diligence 146
11.3.2 Passenger Jetty & Groyne 147
11.3.3 Water 147
11.3.4 Solidwaste Management 147
11.3.5 EMP Cost 148
11.3.6 Environmental Monitoring 148
11.3.7 Corporate Social Responsibility Plan 148
11.3.8 Environmental Management Plan 148
11.4 Conclusion 149

PASSENGER JETTY
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
1 Limits of Project Location 5
2 List of Project Components 6
1.1 List of Project Components 27
2.3 Rainfall inKanyakumar 40
0
4.1 Profile of Temperature ( C) 53
4.2 Profile of Relative Humidity (%) 55
4.3 Rainfall Details of Kanyakumari 56
4.4 Locations of AAQ Stations 58
4.5 Air Quality Analysis – Methodology 59
4.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 60
4.11 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 65
4.12 Location of Water Sampling Stations 67
4.13 Parameters and Methodologies – Water Quality 68
4.14 Analysis of Water (Surface Sources) 70
4.15 Analysis of Water (Subsurface Sources) 72
4.16 Locations of Noise Observatory Stations 74
4.17 Ambient Noise Level in the Project Impact Area 75
4.18 Location of Soil Sampling Stations 77
4.19 Soil Characteristics 78
4.20 Land use patter (20X20 km) 79
4.21 Flora in the Study Area 82
4.22 Aquatic Plants in the Study Area 83
4.23 Phytoplankton in the Study Area 84
4.24 Fauna in the Study Area 86
4.25 Insects in the Study Area 87

PASSENGER JETTY
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4.26 Birds in the Study Area 88

4.27 Zooplanktons in the Study Area 89
4.28 Fishes in the Study Area 90
4.29 Zooplankton Species – Project Impact Area 91
4.30 Polychaetes and Molluscans in the Study Area 93
4.31 Demographical Profile of Kanyakumari District 96
4.32 Block-wise Literacy Levels in Kanyakumari District 97
4.33 Populations by Broad Industrial Categories of Workers 98
4.34 Salient Features of Kanyakumari District – Block Wise 99
4.35 Fisheries Development 100
4.36 Main Workers in Kanyakumari District 101
5.1 Arbitrary Weightage Values for Impact Assessment 108
5.2 Coefficient Values for Impact Assessment 110
5.3 Impact Quantifications 111
6.1 Schedules for Environmental Monitoring On-Site* 117
6.2 Schedule for Environmental Monitoring: Off-Site IE Environ* 119
Marine Biological Environments-Environmental Management Plan
10.1 137
during Construction Period
Terrestrial Biological Environments-Environmental Management
10.2 138
Plan during Construction Period
10.3 Environmental Monitoring Programmes during Construction Period 139

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure No. Title
1 Port Limits of Kanyakumar
2 Project Map
3 Jetty Extension and Groyne
4 Protocol of the proposed Environmental Cell
1.1 Key Map for Passenger Jetty
1.2 Project Impact Map – Google Image (10 km radius)
1.3 CRZ Map – Passenger Jetty
1.4 Conceptual Layout – Passenger Jetty
2.1 Additional Infrastructure
2.2 Location of the Proposed Extension of Passenger Jetty
2.3 Project Impact Map – LISS-III Satellite Imagery (10 km radius)
2.4 Satellite Image in LISS-III – NRSA – Project Location
2.5 Geomorphology – Project Location
2.6 Land Use pattern LISS-III– Project Location
3.1 Coastal Location-Passenger Jetty
3.2 Present Location – Passenger Jetty
4.1 Key Map
4.2 Project Impact Map (10 km radius)
4.3 Project Impact Map – LISS-III Satellite Imagery (10 km radius)
4.4 Google Imagery Map
4.5 Annual Wave Rose Diagram for Kanyakumari
4.6 GIS based study to demarcate
4.7 CRZ Map-
4.8 Location of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
4.9 Location of Water Resources
4.10 Location of Water Sampling Stations
4.11 Location of Noise Observatory Stations
4.12 Location of Soil Sampling Stations
4.13 Satellite Imaginary
4.14 Contour Map
4.15 Landuse/Landcover Map
4.16 Geomorphology Map
4.17 Location of Drainage Map
4.18 Location of Lineament Map
10.1 Protocol of Environmental Cell

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure
Title
No.
I DPR – IITM Report
II Accreditation Certificate
III Form - I

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER-I
Introduction

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL
Kanyakumari, as it is known like Kerala, is God’s own land with picturesque coastline having
the confluence of Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea. The scenic beauty of Sun rise is
the attraction to tourist where two major coastal monuments are the likes to every ethnic or
cultural or religious tourist. The Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Ayyan Valluvan Statue are in
the list of every tourist and Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSCL) is providing ferry
services for the tourists to go into sea and come back.
PSCL, under direction from Government of Tamilnadu, entrusted the work of additional
infrastructure facility to support the ferry services. It is proposed, as an exclusive project, to
extend the existing Jetty by another 100m with a protective Groyne for 140m.
The project is need based and a long time request of the tourists to optimize the time for
visiting these two monuments. While there are three ferries in operation, there is only one
Jetty of 37m is in place. This made a long waiting time for ferries to birth and always the
tourists are in que, wasting their time. The waiting ferry also is to waste its fuel, idle and wait
for its turn to berth. Hence, Government of India is very keen to implement the proposed
project to enhance the tourism and to provide more convenience and safe ty for their travel.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was carried out to obtain CRZ Clearance under CRZ
Notification, 2019.
The key map showing the proposed extension of Jetty with a Groyne in the project location of
TNMB in Kanyakumari waters is presented in Fig.1.1.
1.2. PROJECT PROPONENT
TAMILNADU MARITIME BOARD (TNMB) is the principal proponent of the proposed infrastructure of
Jetty with a Groyne, within its water spread area and much within the notified boundary limits.
TNMB to support and further enhance the Ferry services of PSCL and proposed additional
construction of Jetty and a protective Groyne.
TNMB has got Sagarmala assistance and special attention from Union Government of India for
implementing the project.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TNMB, as the nodal agency for operating coastal assets for Government of Tamilnadu, is the
principal proponent of the proposed project, in association with Poompuhar Shipping
Corporation Limited.
The TNMB with its available funds intend to execute the work with the assistance from
Government of India.
1.3. PROPOSED PROJECT: EXTENSION OF PASSENGER JETTY
PSCL is operating three numbers of ferries in the present project location and enabling as an
average of 10,000 tourists per day to venture into sea for landing over the two memorials.
The existing Jetty is 37m and has become vulnerable for its coastal stability in the recent years.
The operations of three ferries are found inadequate and lots of time is wasted for the non-
availability for berthing area in the existing Jetty. Hence, PSCL intended to increase the length
of the existing Jetty so as to optimally use the available ferries with time management.
The extension of the jetty has become must to facilitate increased ferry services for
providing safe sailing to the tourists who venture from coastline to Vivekananda rock
memorial and Ayyan Valluvan Statue.
The proposed project will have the components as listed in Table 1.1
1 Extension of Passenger Jetty 100.00 X 8.00 m
2 Groyne 140.00 m
The proposed Groyne for a length of 140 m and 8.0 m wide jetty are to provide the facility for
berthing of passenger boats. The construction material for the Groyne is, rubble mound
stones, Tetrapod armor unit and precast concrete blocks.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The location of the proposed project of Jetty Expansion, based on Google image, is presented
in Fig.1.2.
The Project of extension of Jetty with a Groyne is planned in CRZ area. The CRZ Map showing
the HTL and LTL of the project location, as surveyed and authenticated by Institute of Remote
Sensing, Anna University is presented in Fig 1.3.
Considering the demand for safe berthing for the available boats, the present project is
proposed. The conceptual layout of the project components in the project location is
presented in Fig 1.4.
The layout was envisaged incorporating met ocean conditions and prevailing coastal features
of the project location with respect to two monsoons. The predominant wind, wave and swell
conditions were interpreted to plan berthing area with a provision to protect the Jetty from
erosion and wave actions, a groyne is proposed as a measure of stability to the jetty.
The breaking wave height of 2.6m is considered for the design of Jetty and Groyne. Since the
occurrence of breaking wave height would be very frequent, several times each monsoon,
Zero Damage criterion is specified for the Groyne. In designing the cross-section of the Groyne,
consideration has been given to the availability of suitable stone armour, from nearby
quarries.
Necessary Model studies were run on the project area with primary data like bathymetry and
project requirements for assessing dredging requirement for necessary draft. However, as the
required draft is available at 4-5m, the dredging is not required.
The Budgetary Estimate of the project is INR 20 Crores.
1.4. EIA CONSULTANTS

Keeping in line with the requirements to conduct Environmental Survey with Coastal studies in
the Project Location of the Jetty and to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment towards
getting Environmental Clearance under EIA Notification, 2006 and CRZ Clearance under CRZ
Notification, 2019, TNMB appointed Centre for Environment, Health & Safety (CEHS),
Annamalai University as EIA Consultants.
CEHS is a wholesome, multi disciplinary Environmental Organization of Annamalai University,

who have been accredited as EIA Consulting Organization by National Accreditation Board for
Education and Training (NABET) /Quality Council of India (QCI) for Ministry of Environment &
Forests, New Delhi.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The EIA survey, study and assessment of Environmental Impact encompasses a detailed
Environmental Baseline Survey, Coastal Modeling for Wind, Wave and Sediment Transport,
evaluation of environmental attributes, Impact assessment and Management plan, as per the
EIA Guidance document of Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India
(GoI) for coastal infrastructures like Port, harbor, jetties, etc,.
CEHS with its Collaborator, Department of Coastal Engineering, IIT-M already completed a
detailed coastal survey and numerical modeling studies in the project location. Mathematical
Models were used for assessing Wave Climate and Sediment transport processes.
CEHS has conducted the Due diligence study on the project location and prepared the
Environmental Impact Assessment report and Environmental Management Plan.
CEHS has also brought out Risk Assessment & Management Plan and Disaster Management
Plan, which are mandatory documents for CRZ Clearance.
1.5. OBJECTIVES OF EIA/EMP
The EIA studies were conducted to comply with all conditions and address all the requirements
of mandatory ToR, as stated as generic ToR. The EIA has been comprehended with detailed
Environmental Baseline Monitoring (EBM), Coastal Modeling studies and Environmental
Management Plan for scientific implementation of the proposed Jetty to remain to operate in
an environmentally compatible way.
This report is envisaged to have all required inputs viz., Environmental Baseline data with
special focus on Marine Biodiversity, Coastal Modeling, Impact Assessment, Management and
Monitoring plans. Risk and Disaster Management Plans were also have been developed.
The Environmental Baseline Monitoring (EBM) and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) on account
of the proposed Infrastructures to prevent any coastal changes were conducted to evaluate
the requirement of breakwaters and dredging to make the proposed Marina operational with
required draft.
A detailed Marine Biodiversity study has been conducted to check its compliance for the
requirements of approved ToR.
The EIA report is purposeful to evaluate the environmental dimensions of the proposed Jetty
with a protective Groyne and their compounding impact on coastal and terrestrial

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
environmental attributes and to develop environmental management and monitoring plans to

environmentally sustain the proposed Jetty extension project.
1.6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is envisaged for environmental evaluation of the identified project location in the
TNMB approved waters for PSCL and postulates the proposed Jetty extension with a Groyne.
In principle, this draft EIA report was prepared in line to all the requirements of generic ToR, as
presented in the Technical Guidance document of MoEF&CC, with the following content;
 Project Feasibility
(Socio Economic and Environmental compatibility)
 Environmental Baseline Monitoring
(Existing Environmental Status including a special focus on Marine Biodiversity)
 Coastal Modeling
Wave & Tranquility
 Impact Identification and Assessment
(Source of pollution, pathways and receptor impacts)
 Preventive, mitigative and control measures
 Environmental Monitoring Program
 Risk and Disaster Assessment
 Social Impact Assessment
 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis.
 Environmental Management Plan
 Social Responsibility Plan
 Environment Responsibility
 Report finalization and submission
This EIA report ( December, 2018) will be taken through all listed programs like approval and
recommendations from District and Tamilnadu State Coastal Zone Management Authority
(TNSCZMA) as mandated in the CRZ Notification, 2019.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – II
Project Feasibility

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
II. PROJECT FEASIBILITY
2.1. GENERAL
Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSCL) is operating three passenger Ferries in the
project location where they are facilitating tourists to visit Vivekananda Rock Memorial and
Ayyan Valluvan Statue which are about 365 m and 90 m away respectively from the shoreline.
There is one exclusive jetty for the Ferry services for 37m length with a width of 8m. As only
one ferry can be engaged in the Jetty, more often Ferry will be made to wait idle for want of
berthing space in the existing jetty.
PSCL intends to upgrade the facility with extension of jetty so as to optimally use the available
three ferries. On a directive from the Government of Tamilnadu, PSCL entrusted the work of
upgrading the facility with Tamilnadu Maritime Board (TNMB).
the counter.
Indian Port Association (IPA) is taking up steps to resolve the issue by extending the passenger
jetty at Vivekananda Rock so that two more vessels can be berthed thereby increasing the
number of ferry services and thus making more facilities for the people to visit the
Vivekananda rock without much waiting time.
TNMB has availed the project consultancy to prepare the Feasibility Report and designing of
the facility from Department of Coastal Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras).
The required upgradation has been envisaged for the extensions of the existing Jetty tio
provide enough berthing space for additional ferry.
The present proposal of TNMB is thus to extend the length of the existing passenger Jetty by
another 100m with a same width of 8m. In order provide coastal stability for the jetty from
coastal hazards like erosion, wave action, etc., a groyne is also proposed for 140m length.
The Budgetary Estimate was assessed at the first level for INR 20 Crore.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.2. EXTENSION OF JETTY – PROPOSED PROJECT
The proposed extension of jetty will enable PSCL to operate the available three jetties
optimally, without any ferry waiting idle for want of berthing space. Perhaps, the proposed
Jetty extension will enable PSCL to operate additional ferries to facilitate more trips and
thereby encouraging the tourism in the project location.
There is no dredging requirement as necessary draft for safe movement and docking of boats
is already available, by nature.
The proposed project will have the components as listed in Table 2.1.
Sl.No PROJECT COMPONENTS
1 Extension of Passenger Jetty 100.00X 8.00m
2 Groyne 140.00m
The layout of the proposed additional infrastructure is presented in Fig.2.1.
140m to protect the Jetty from erosion and wave action.
The construction material for the Groyne is, rubble mound stones, Tetrapod armor unit and
precast concrete blocks.
The planning and design of Jetty and Groyne carried out by IIT-M, based on the coastal studies
and the requirements of coastal stability is presented in ANNEXURE-I.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.3. NEED FOR EXTENDING THE JETTY – THE PRESENT PROJECT
The tourism has grown unprecedented in the last few years in the Kanyakumari district,
especially in the project location of Vivekananda Memorial and Thiruvalluvar statue. The peak
holidays register more than 15000 peoples where as it is only 10000 as an average per day.
The existing jetty 0f 37x8 m can facilitate only one ferry at any point of time and perhaps there
are three ferries available in the present location. Hence, at times Ferry is idle waiting for its
berthing opportunity, wasting its performance time, fuel and manpower apart from the huge
inconvenience to tourists who are made to wait in long Que.
In fact, PSCL intends to increase the number of Ferries by another two in order to provide
comfort of travel to the visitors. The coastal vulnerability of the project location has grown
with erosion and wave action and hence, the stretch of coastal location of the project requires
shoreline management.
Indian Port Association (IPA) already come forward to enable PSCL with two more ferries to
better manage the tourists with required comfort and safety.
The proposed project, thus, envisaged for the extension of the existing Jetty for another 100m
and to protect it from coastal vulnerabilities, a groyne for 140m.
2.4. EXTENSION OF PASSENGER JETTY – FACILITY COMPONENTS
The existing Passenger Jetty of 37m is envisaged for additional length of 100m and to provide
the structural stability against the coastal vulnerabilities, a groyne for 140m is also proposed as
an integral component of the proposed project of Extension of Passenger Jetty at Kanyakumari
Waters of TNMB.
The location of the proposed Extension of Passenger Jetty with Groyne in the TNMB water is
presented in Fig.2.2.
There is an existing jetty with length of 37 m and width of 8 m. The deck level of existing jetty
m CD. The crest level is proposed as (+) 6.00 m and deck level of the new jetty is kept at the
same level of existing jetty.
The new jetty construction is envisaged as extension of Jetty to another 100m for the same
existing 8m width so that they will look alike and go with the same performance level.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The proposed Groyne will be extended up to 140 m length and bed level of (-) 4.0 m CD and (-)
4.5 m CD average is assumed for the design of Groyne. The proposed length of the groyne is
140 m. It was found that bed level of (-) 3.5 m CD at existing jetty. So, the assumed bed level is
of (-) 4.0 m CD average. The width of the jetty is 8.0 m. The alignment of the Groyne is normal
to the Vivekananda rock i.e, aligned in North-South direction. The proposed layout is arrived
based on the predominant wave direction and it is efficient in wave energy dissipation and
provide the tranquil zone on the leeward side to safe berthing of passenger boat.
2.4.1. Project Size and Type
The proposed extension of Jetty by another 100m will provide 137m in the post project
scenario which will enable PSCL to operate 5 Vessels optimally without any waste of time, as
the proposed additional length of Passenger Jetty to manage 3 Vessels at a time.
As a measure of structural stability and safety against the coastal vulnerabilities, a Groyne of
140 m is also proposed as integral part of the project.
The proposed Extension of passenger jetty is envisaged to facilitate the expected ingress of the
tourist to 25,000 by 2020.
2.4.2. Location
Kanyakumari is situated on the southernmost tip of India on the mainland. The location gives
the connectivity to Vivekananda Rock (8o 04' 42.93'' N and 77o 33' 17.55'' E) located at about
360 m from the land and Ayyan Valluvan Statue which is at a distance of 86 m from the rock.
The location of the proposed project based on Satellite imagery (LISS-III) is presented in
Fig.2.3.
The entire Jetty and Groyne area is planned in CRZ-IV. The CRZ Map showing the HTL and LTL
of the project location has been already surveyed and authenticated by Institute of Remote
Sensing, Anna University.
The location has been already studied in depth by IIT-M for its coastal characteristics and met-
ocean data for the planning and designing of the proposed structures of Jetty and Groyne.
2.4.3. Extent of the Land

The location and layout of the proposed project is much within the boundaries of PSCL which
operates 3 ferries with a 37m jetty.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.4.4. Project Components

The proposed extension of passenger jetty is envisaged with a Groyne to provide coastal
stability from erosion and wave safety.
The proposed project will have the components as listed in Table 2.2.
1 Extension of Passenger Jetty 100 .00X 8.00m
2 Groyne 140.00m
140m to protect the Jetty from erosion and wave action. The construction material for the
Groyne is rubble mound stones, Tetrapod armor unit and precast concrete blocks.
2.5. MATERIAL BALANCE
The proposed Extension of the existing passenger Jetty is a service facility to provide berth to
passenger ferries/vessels to support tourism.
2.6. RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION
The water spread area and also the landward areas are the most important natural resources,
with the jetty and ferries or vessels in the project location.
2.6.1. Water
There is no requirement of water for making the jetty functional.
The construction of concrete structures towards Jetty would require water which will be
availed from the approved government sources.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.6.2. Power
No Power is required.
2.7. WASTE TREATMENT & DISPOSAL
2.7.1. Effluent
There is no scope for generation of waste water.
2.7.2. Emission
As there is no combustion process involved in the proposed structures, there will not be any
process emission.
The Engine emissions of the Vessels will have its own in-built emission handling systems and
PSCL will install only CPCB approved DG set for the purpose alternate power supply.
2.7.3. Solid Waste
There will not be any solid waste generation from the proposed structures.
However, the solid waste from tourist will be collected and transferred to the approved
Municipal Solid Waste Management facility of the local body of Kanyakumari. This solid waste
is assessed for a maximum of 1TPD and will be disposed as per the guidelines of SW Rules,
2016, through out- sourcing agencies.
2.7.4. Oil, Paint & Grease
No such hazardous waste generation from the proposed structures.
2.8. LAND SURVEY
The proposed project location of water spread of PSCL and is more suitable and compatible to
the prevailing coastal dynamics.
Satellite Image in LISS III format of the project location as sourced from National Remote
Sensing Agency (NRSA) for the project location is presented in Fig.2.4. LISS III format image will
be processed for Contour and Topography using Image Processing Software, ERDAS.
Necessary coastal survey using satellite and Cadastral maps, detailed CRZ Survey was already
completed through Institute for Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Project location specific bathymetry was also carried out by IIT-M which was also used to
assess the need for dredging and found subsequently that dredging is not required.
Most of the location soil cover is made up of laterites and black in colour. Further inland and
along the riverbanks, the soil is mostly alluvial and loamy. The soil is rich in minerals and
humus, thus conducive to plantation. There is no biodiversity significance within the impact
area of 5Km radius.
The Geomorphology of the project location, using Image processing software is presented in
Fig 2.5.
2.9. TOPOGRAPHY
The Topography of the project site will be evaluated using Map info with the Maps of Survey of
India. GIS based tools will be used during the EIA studies with ground truthing observations.
2.10. LAND USE PATTERN
The project site is a notified area and was allocated for PSCL and it is much within its command
area. Historically, the project location is coastal activities mainly for ferrying. There will not be
any requirement for land use certification.
The land Use pattern based on LISS-III image is presented in Fig 2.6.
2.11. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES

The proposed location is already notified and delineated to PSCL by Government of Tamilnadu.
The project location is having well connected roads and telex-communication systems.
2.12. SOIL CLASSIFICATION
The soil is investigated, on a preliminary site assessment study, as clayey and coastal alluvium.
Detailed characteristics are presented in Chapter-IV.
2.13. CLIMATE – MICROMETEOROLOGY
Temperature
The mean daily maximum and minimum temperature were observed to be 33.4°C and 23.8°C
respectively. Generally, the maximum temperature at Kanyakumari varies from 32.8°C to
30.2°C, while minimum temperature varies from 26.2°C to 23.4°C.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Relative humidity
Relative humidity is fairly high and uniform around the year. The mean relative humidity
varies between 68% and 80% with maximum humidity observed in the month of June and
July.
Rainfall
Kanyakumari unlike other districts of Tamil Nadu receives rainfall in both South West and
North East monsoons. The South West monsoon starts from June and ends in September,
while North East monsoon starts from October and ends in the middle of December. Rainfall
details of Kanyakumari are given in Table 2.3.
Cyclone
Cyclone has not hit or crossed the Kanyakumari coast so far.
OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA
Tides
Kanyakumari coast has got mixed semidiurnal type of tides. The various tidal levels for the
region is taken from Navel Hydrographic chart 223 is presented as follows
Mean high water Spring (M.H.W.S) : (+) 0.7 m
Mean High Water Neaps (M.H.W.N) : (+) 0.5 m
Mean Sea Level (M.S.L) : (+) 0.50 m
Mean Low Water Neaps (M.L.W.N) : (+) 0.40 m
Mean Low Water Spring (M.L.W.S) : (+) 0.10 m

Wind
Monthly mean wind speeds for the site vary from 12.0 Kmph in April to 19.5 Kmph in January.
Monthly mean wind speeds exceed 16.5 Kmph and are in the range of 12 to 13.7 Kmph during
the month of March to April and October to November.
Wave climate
The wave characteristics play a vital role in the design and operation of the open sea marine
terminal. It is also a prime factor for the orientation of the pier to obtain a number of operable
days in a year.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Table 2.3: RAINFALL IN KANYAKUMARI
Season Month Rainfall in mm

June 126.5
July 76.5
South West August 60
September 64.4
October 179.9
November 182.1
North East
December 65.4
January 14.8
February 18.6
Winter March 38.4
April 87.4
May 91.6

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
It is half of the waves approach from the south direction. Waves from West and North East
form a significant portion of the wave climate at offshore.
2.14. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES
Significant account fisherman settlements were observed during Reconnaissance survey.

However, in the project impact area Tourism and related Hotel industry have grown in the
recent years.
The Social Frame work in the Villages of project impact area is proved, however, largely for
fishing. In the nearer vicinity, there are three Fishing Harbors and three Fish Landing Centres
are in use.
2.15. PLANNING BRIEF
The proposed extension of passenger jetty is a well thought out plan of PSCL and planned to
implement through TNMB with the support of IPA.
2.16. CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
The proposed project is being envisaged with two major functional components viz., Extension
of existing Jetty by another 100m and a Groyne for 140 m.
The proposed Jetty will thus provide berth area for three vessels at a time. The Jetty is
designed to serve 1000 peoples at time. The project also envisages construction of a Groyne to
provide structural stability and safety to it from the coastal vulnerabilities like erosion and
wave action.
2.17. POPULATION PROJECTION
The proposed Jetty extension with a Groyne is small but still be able to support 15000 tourist
for their comfort and safety and can prove means of income to 250 persons directly.
A vast number of domestic and international tourists will likely to go with all their touring
comfort and life safety in the coastal conditions.
2.18. LAND USE PLANNING
The project area of about 10 Ha of water spread area is within the demarcated and delineated
water boundary to PSCL by Government of Tamilnadu.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.19. INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND
No other infrastructure is additionally needed, as the project of tourist ferry service is

functional.
2.20. AMENITIES / FACILITIES
PSCL has the following common facilities for the sustainable operation of the ferries already in
place;
 Water storage & supply

 Internal Roads
 EB grid
 Sewage treatment plant
 Rain Water Harvesting Structures
 Green Belt in the Peripheral areas and o the road side and Central meridian
 Fire Station
 Common Medical Dispensary
The following Organizational Set Ups are also in place and continuously run and monitored:
 Environmental Cell
 Emergency Management Cell
 Common Health Surveillance System
PSCL will also continue to commit to continue its coordination with Tamilnadu Pollution
Control Board, District Health Department and District Administration for issues pertaining to
overall Environmental Management and Sustainable operations of the ferry services to the
benefit of tourists.
2.21. GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
PSCL has already provided greenery with suitable trees and plantation that are compatible to
coastal conditions along the sides of the inner plant roads and in all open spaces.
2.22. TRAFFIC & PARKING
As the location is within the PSCL water which is well connected historically. The connectivity
of the location with the rest of Tamilnadu is good.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The project location of the ferry services is well connected with roads and railways.
Nearest Railway Station: Kanyakumari – 1.5 km
Nearest Air Port : Thiruvananthapuram – 83 km
The connectivity of the sites with Roads is with NH 7 – 1.5 Km and NH 47 at 0.6 Km.
2.23. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R & R) PLAN
The proposed project of extension is well within the water spread area of PSCL and a Notified
area by Government of Tamilnadu.
No acquisition of any land is involved as the infrastructures will be established with in the
water spread area of PSCL. Hence, there is no requirement for any exclusive RR plan.
2.24. PROJECT SCHEDULE & COST ESTIMATES
The time schedule of project execution, of getting CRZ approval to construction to

commissioning, is proposed for Twelve months.
The budgetary estimate of the project is assessed for INR.20 Crores.
2.25. CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY PLAN
TNMB will further upgrade the exclusive plan, in place already, to ensure proper
environmental management with monitoring programs for the listed pollutant concentrations
in air, water, soil and noise, in the ambient environment of the assessed project impact area of
5Km radius of the location. An exclusive monitoring system will be in place for marine
environment as will be evolved after EIA/EMP studies and reports. Special Programs and
Implementation systems will be stressed for Occupational Health and Safety.
A social support package plan has been evolved in consultation with local fisherman
community and local bodies to help improve the socio economic status of the people in the
project impact area.
TNMB and PSCL intend to accredit the facility operation in the International framework
standards of ISO 9000 for Quality Standards and ISO 14000 series for Environmental
Management Systems. PSCL is committed to enhance the tourism further in compliance to all
Environmental legal systems.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2.26. PROJECT FEASIBILITY
Tourism is historically a major source of revenue for Kanyakumari district in view of its
beautiful beaches and terrestrial forest cover.
TNMB made strategic studies to optimally use its water spread in an environmentally
compatible way. The proposed Berth upgradation as increasing the existing jetty by another
100m is a project, proposed in the location by the study area.
IPA have studied the project for its environmental suitability and socio economic benefits by
an Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis and approved the implementation of the project.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – III
Analysis of Alternatives

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
III. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
3.1. GENERAL
The project is only extending the existing jetty with a groyne to provide structural stability to
the Jetty. Hence, there is no need or scope for evaluation of any alternative sites.
The existing Jetty in the coastal location is presented in Fig.3.1.
The existing Jetty is in service that facilitates ferry services from shoreline to Vivekananda Rock
Memorial and hence, it is referred as Passenger Jetty. The jetty is not meant for facilitating any
cargo movement.
IIT-M, the design consultant evaluated the coastal features of the project location and the
same are presented in Chapter-VI.
In the absence of any requirement or scope, the proposed extension is much on the same
place of the existing passenger jetty and the schematics of the proposed extension of Jetty in
the present location of the passenger Jetty is presented in Fig.3.2.
All coastal studies and proposed layout of the extension of Jetty are presented in the
respective chapters of the Report.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER-IV
Environmental Baseline Monitoring

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE MONITORING
4.1. GENERAL
The project location is one of the most popular tourist places where tourists all around the
world come to sight the beautiful sunrise and sunset. The geographical location of
Kanyakumari comprises of majestic hills and plains surrounded by the seashore and it attracts
more tourists from both domestic and as well as international.
The location is situated on the southernmost tip of India on the mainland. It gives the
connectivity to Vivekananda Rock (8o 04' 42.93'' N and 77o 33' 17.55'' E) located at about 360
m from the land and Thiruvalluvar Statue which is at a distance of 86 m from the rock.
The serenity that the people get in the meditation hall located on Vivekananda rock is beyond
comparison. The great Tamil poet Thiruvalluvar Statue is visited by many tourists next to the
rock. The Thiruvalluvar Statue is a 133-feet (40.6 m) tall stone sculpture of the Tamil poet and
philosopher Thiruvalluvar. More than 20 lakhs tourists visit these two attractions every year
and it is expected that this number will grow in the years to come.
The tourists can reach the Vivekananda rock memorial and Thiruvalluvar statue by passenger
boats which are operating by M/s Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSCL). They own
three passenger boats which can carry 150 passengers per trip. In a day they are ferrying
about 10,000 passengers. Since the jetty at Vivekananda rock is only 37 m long, it is possible to
berth only one vessel and this is causing idling of one ferry at sea and also long queue to
passengers at the rock as well as at the land jetty. This long queue is causing inconvenience for
many tourists who visit the rock but hesitates because of the waiting time.
the counter.
Indian Port Association (IPA) is taking up steps to resolve the issue by extending the passenger
jetty at Vivekananda Rock so that two more vessels can be berthed thereby increasing the
number of ferry services and thus making more facilities for the people to visit the
Vivekananda rock without much waiting time.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The wind is diurnal and two monsoons NW and SE over a year that has great influence on the
environmental quality and carrying capacity of the natural attributes like air and water. The
airshed over the project location is relatively clean but for in SW side after 2 km down the line.
The high Relative humidity and unstable atmosphere are favouring the dispersion of air
pollutants and help sustaining the quality of the airshed.
The prevailing environmental status in respect of all attributes viz., micrometeorology, air,
water, soil, noise, biological and socio-economics, have been evaluated using the objective test
results on the field samples.
The baseline data collection was initiated through a well devised environmental survey on all
natural, cultural, socio-economic systems and their relationships. The intention is to describe
the baseline conditions of the prevailing environmental attributes and also to focus the
baseline data to facilitate all Value Environmental Components (VECs) that are likely to be
affected by the coastal activities of the proposed Passanger Jetty.
The proposed project location is geographically falls between 080 04’ 43.6” to 080 04’ 46.2” N
Latitude and 770 33’ 18.8” to 770 33’ 18.4” E Longitude in the Bay of Bengal, in the state of
Tamilnadu.
A detailed environmental survey was initiated during May, 2018 in the project location for
assessing the due diligence of Environment of the identified project site.
A comphrehensive Coastal survey also was conducted by Indian Institute of Technology-

Madras and a Detailed Proect Report (DPR) was prepared on planning and designing of Port
infrastructures.
4.2. VALUE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
The area of 10 km radius of the project location is considered as project impact area for
evaluating the environmental due diligence of Passanger Jetty.
The key Map of project area is shown in Fig 4.1
The proposed project impact area of 10 km radius is presented in Fig.4.2.

The satellite imagery of impact area, showing radial distance of 10 km radius is presented in
Fig.4.3.
The google based Google Imagery Map is shown in Fig. 4.4.

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The prevailing environmental status in respect of all attributes viz., micrometeorology, air,
water, soil, noise, biological and socio-economics, have been evaluated using the objective
test results on the field samples.
The baseline data collection was initiated through a well devised environmental survey on all
natural, cultural, socio-economic systems and their relationships. The intention is to describe
the entire baseline data of all Value Environmental Components (VECs) and also their co
existing relationships.
The EBM is envisaged on the following objectives;
1. Evaluation of environmental conditions through actual data and interpretation of

data on the basis of their relationships among micro meteorology, air, water, noise,
soil, terrestrial and marine biologicals and socio economics.
2. Specific coastal Surveys like bathymetry and collection of long term data for Wave
Climate studies and Wave Modeling, for coastal compliance of the proposed
extension of the existing Jetty.
3. Ferry Services/Boat Transport activities and their Impacts
4. Summation of baseline data against which the results of any future Environmental
monitoring programmes can be compared.
Systematic observation strategies with programme for sampling, analysis, data collection on all
VECs were carried out during the period, May, 2018
The study was carried out for all VECs in 10 Km radius from the centre of the proposed Project
location.
4.3. MICROMETEOROLOGY
A micrometeorological station was installed in the project site and observatory program for
one month was run during the study period.
4.3.1. Wind Speed and Direction
The maximum wind speed of 17.74 km/hr is recorded during August and the minimum wind
speed of 5.53 km/hr is recorded during December.

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The predominat wind direction during the study period is from South and South east. The
wind speed ranges between 2.1 to 5.7 m/s.
The temperature ranges between 25 – 31°C. While the relative humidity ranges from 45 - 95%.
Annual average rainfall recorded is 1423 mm.
4.3.2. Wave
The wave characteristics play a vital role in the design and operation of the open sea marine
terminal. It is also a prime factor for the orientation of the pier to obtain a number of operable
days in a year.
From wave rose diagram given in Fig 4.5, it can be seen that nearly half of the waves approach
from the south direction. Waves from West and North East form a significant portion of the
wave climate at offshore.
The deep-water wave climate is dominated by north-easterly and south-westerly conditions

associated with the (south-westerly) monsoon and the post-monsoon respectively. As the
waves travel into progressively shallower water, they are modified by depth-refraction and
their crests become progressively more aligned with the bed contours. This causes a reduction
in the spread of wave directions in the wave climate with reduction in water depth. Moving
into depths of 10m and below, the height of the largest waves is reduced due to the combined
effects of refraction and wave breaking. The average wave height prevailing is 1.50m with
periods varying from 5 to 10sec.
4.3.3. Temperature
The Sun Shine Hours is March-April forms the average bright sunshine hours. The maximum of
12.74 hrs/day has been recorded during April and the minimum of 5.74 hrs/day is recorded
during November. The temperature data indicate higher and lower temperatures prevailed
during monsoon period. The average maximum temperature during May is 35.93 0C. The
average minimum temperature recorded is 23.85 0C during January. The annual mean
minimum and maximum temperatures are 23.78 and 33.95 0C respectively.
The comprehensive temperature profile is presented in Table 4.1.

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FIGURE 4.5: ANNUAL WAVE ROSE DIAGRAM FOR KANYAKUMARI

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TABLE 4.1 PROFILE OF TEMPERATURE (C)
Highest Lowest
Month Highest Lowest
Recorded on Recorded on
May- 2018 31°C 25°C 20/05/2018 12/05/2018

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4.3.4. Relative humidity

The highest humidity is generally recorded in May with the value of 95 percent whereas the
minimum of 45 percent is recorded during February.
The comprehensive Relative humidity profile profile is presented in Table 4.2.
4.3.5. Cyclone
East Coast is prone to cyclonic storms round the year but mostly these occur prior to south
west monsoon i.e. in May and after south-west monsoon i.e. in October and November.
Around 18 depressions are formed annually in the Bay of Bengal out of which 6 turn out to be
cyclonic storms on an average. The coast of Kanyakumari is a cyclone prone one. The Ockhi
cyclone 2018 is one of the very severe case that has crossed the Kanyakumari coast resulting
in heavy damages
4.3.6. Rainfall
The Kanyakumari district received the rain under the influence of both southwest and
northwest monsoons. The southwest monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district.
Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of cyclonic storms caused due to the depressions
in Bay of Bengal. The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from about 826 to 1456
mm. It is the minimum around Kanyakumari in the southeastern part of the district. It
gradually increases towards west, north and northwest and attains a maximum around
Thackalay.
Rainfall details of Kanyakumari are given in Table 4.3
4.3.7. Topography
The proposed project is presented in the Topo sheet No. 58H/12, Survey of India.
The location of is a coastal plain and mostly intertidal in Bay of Bengal, Tamilnadu.
 Lattiude 080 04’ 43.6” to 080 04’ 46.2” N

 Longitude 770 33’ 18.8” to 770 33’ 18.4”
4.3.8. CRZ Mapping

Institue of Remote Sensing, Anna University was sourced to map the project location with
reference to its location in a classified Coastal Zone, as per CRZ Nitification, 2011.

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TABLE 4.2 PROFILE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)
Highest Lowest
Month Highest Lowest
Recorded on Recorded on
May-2018 95% 40% 22/05/2018 12/05/2018

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TABLE 4.3 RAINFALL DETAILS OF KANYAKUMARI
Season Month Rainfall in mm

June 126.5
July 76.5
South West August 60
September 64.4
October 179.9
November 182.1
North East
December 65.4
January 14.8
February 18.6
Winter March 38.4
April 87.4
May 91.6

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The Mapping is concluded with the GIS based study to demarcate the project location is
presented in Fig 4.6.
The CRZ Mapping which has the project superimposed on it is presented in Fig 4.7.
4.4. AIR ENVIRONMENT
The ambient air quality is clean.The Environmental survey was carried as for Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring (AAQM), considering 5 AAQM stations. The AAQM stations were chosen
on the basis wind directions.
The locations of the AAQM stations in the project impact area are presented in Table 4.4.
The locations of AAQM stations considered in the study area are presented in Fig. 4.8.
The standard methods recommended by MoEF&CC were used for analysis of the parameters
viz., PM 10, PM 2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Nitrogen Oxides (NOX). Carbon monoxide (CO),
Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (BEP), Arsenic (As), Annmonia (NH3) and Nickel
(Ni) are presented Table 4.5.
The comprehensive analysis values of the parameters are presented in Table 4.6 to Table 4.10.

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TABLE 4.4. LOCATIONS OF AAQ STATIONS
AAQ Distances
Sl.No. Village Name Location Direction
Stations (km)
1 A1 Project Location Vivekanandha Rock - -
2 A2 Kanyakumari TNMB Building NW 1.5
3 A3 Kovalam Panchayat Building WNW 3.2
4 A4 Kottaram Near Post Office NW 5.3
5 A5 Paalkulamkulam School Building NE 7.9

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TABLE 4.5 AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS – METHODOLOGY
S. No. Parameters Method
1. PM 10
 Gravimetric
2 PM2.5
 Gravimetric
3 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

 Ultraviolet fluorescence
4. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

 Chemiluminscence
5. Carbon Monoxide(CO)  Non-Dispersive Infra Red

(NDIR)
6. Ammonia (NH3)
 Indophenol blue
7. Ozone (O3)
 Colorimetri
8. Lead (Pb)
 ASTM D 4185-90
9. Benzene (C6H6)
 USEPA
10. Benzo Pyrine (BEP)

 USEPA
11. Arsenic (As)

 ASTM D 4185-90
12. Nickel (Ni)

 ASTM D 4185-90

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TABLE 4.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Location: Project Location (Vivekanadha rock) (AAQ1)
Date of PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx O3 Pb CO NH3 C6H6 BEP, As Nickel
monitoring (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (ng/m3) (ng/m3) (Ni) (ng/m3)
02.05.2018 31.50 17.40 8.50 7.70 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
NAAQS 100 60 80 80 100 1.0 2.0 400 5.0 1.0 6.0 20.0
*National Ambient Air Quality Standards prescribed by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India vide Gazette Notification G.S.R. 826(E) dated 18.11.2009.
 Particulate Matter: By Gravimetric Method as per IS: 5182 (Part IV) 1999
 Sulphur Dioxide: By Improved West and Gaeke Method as per IS: 5182 (Part II) – 2001
 Nitrogen Dioxide: By Jacob-Hocheiser (Modified Na-Arsenite) Method as per IS: 5182 (Part–VI) – 1975
 Ozone: By Midget Impinger Alkaline 1% KL, Colorimetric Method as per IS:5182 (Part-IX)
 Carbon Monoxide: By Gas Chromatography Method as per IS 5182 (Part-X): 1999
 Ammonia: By Indophenol Blue Method as per APHA-401
 Benzene: Using GC-MS (Agilent, 5975 inert MSD) with Headspace Technique as per USEPA Method TO 17
 Benzo (a) Pyrene: Using GC- MS/MS Quattro Micro Mass as per USEPA Method TO 13A
 Lead, Arsenic, Nickel: As per IS 5182 (Part 22): 2004 / ASTM D 4185-90 Method – 3.4 Using ICP-AES
BDL-Below Detectable Level; PM-Particulate Matter; SO2-Sulfur Di oxide; Nox- Oxides of Nitrogen; O3-Ozone; Pb-Lead;
NH3-Ammonia; C6H6-Benzene; BEP-Benzo Pyrine; As-Arsenic; Ni-Nickel; NAAQS- National Amient Air Quality Standards;

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Location: Kanyakumari (TNMB office) (AAQ2)
Nickel
Date of PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx O3 Pb CO NH3 C6H6 BEP As
(Ni)
monitoring (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (ng/m3) (ng/m3)
(ng/ m3)
NAAQS 100 60 80 80 100 1.0 2.0 400 5.0 1.0 6.0 20.0

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Location: Kovalam (Panchayat Building) (AAQ3)
Nickel
(Ni)
(ng/ m3)
NAAQS 100 60 80 80 100 1.0 2.0 400 5.0 1.0 6.0 20.0

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Location: Kottaram (Near Post Office) (AAQ4)

Nickel
(Ni),
(ng/ m3)
NAAQS 100 60 80 80 100 1.0 2.0 400 5.0 1.0 6.0 20.0
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Location: Paalkulam (Govt. Building) (AAQ5)
Nickel
(Ni)
(ng/ m3)
NAAQS 100 60 80 80 100 1.0 2.0 400 5.0 1.0 6.0 20.0

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU
The latest National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards are presented in Table 4.11 for
ready reference.This represents relatively a pollution free airshed.
TABLE 4.11 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Pollutant Concentration in Ambient Air

Time Weighted Industrial Area, Sensitive
Average Residential, Rural &
Area
Other Areas
Particulate Matter, Annual*
60 / 100 60/ 100
PM10 g/m3 24 hrs.**
Particulate Matter, Annual*
40 / 60 40/ 60
PM2.5 g/m3 24 hrs.**
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Annual*
50 / 80 20/80
g/m3 24 hrs.**
Oxides of Nitrogen as Annual*
40 / 80 30/80
(NOx) g/m3 24 hrs.**
Carbon Monoxide 8 hours **
02/04 02/04
(CO) mg/m3 1 hour *
Annual*
Ammonia (NH3) g/m3 100/400 100/400
24 hrs.**
8 hours **
Ozone (O3) μg/m3 100/180 100/180
1 hour *
Annual*
Lead (Pb) μg/m3 0.5/1 0.5/1
24 hrs.**
Benzene (C6H6) μg/m3 Annual* 5 5
Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP)
– particulate phase Annual* 1 1
only ng/m3
Arsenic (As) ng/m3 Annual* 6 6
Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual* 20 20
* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken
twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with

98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring.
Note: Whenever and wherever monitoring results on two consecutive days of monitoring
exceed the limits specified above for the respective category, it shall be considered adequate
reason to institute regular or continuous monitoring and further investigation.

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4.5. WATER ENVIRONMENT
The major part of Kanyakumari district is drained by the principal rivers namely Kodayar and
Paralayar and their tributaries. Kodayar River rises in the Agastiar Malai and flows in a
southerly direction flowing for a length of 10 km from its origin, leading to natural drainage
called the Kodayar Lake, which serves as the main source of irrigation system with an
extensive command area in the district. Later, it flows in a southwesterly direction and south
of Kuzhithurai and joins the Arabian Sea near Thengapatnam, which is at a distance of 56 km
west of Cape Commerin. The river flows through rugged terrain through a succession of falls
and cascades. One such fall lies south of Tiruparappu. Chittar-I and Chittar-II are the major
tributaries of Kodayar.
Tamirabarani, which is one of the important rivers of the district, which is flowing in the
central part of the district and drain in the Melpuram, Kuzhithurai, Munchirai and Killiyur
blocks. The river falls into Indian Ocean after traversing Killiyur block.
The Pazhayar River originated at an altitude of 1300 m amsl in the Mahendragiri hills and the
river water taken away through channels for irrigation. The river is benefited by both SW-NE
monsoons. It completes its 20 km journey after joining the Arabian Sea. Its creek can be seen
near Manakudi, 12 km south of Nagarcoil.
The river Valliyar originated at an altitude of 950 m MSL at the Vallimalai Hills and has a very
limited irrigation system. The length of the river is nearly 29 km, and period of flow of water in
this river is for 6 months. Near Manavalakurichi the river joins in the Arabian Sea.
The location of water resources in the project location is presented in Fig.4.9.

In order to characterize the water sources in the impact area, 5 samples of water from various
locations (3 from respective Ponds, 1 sample from back water and 1 sample from sea. The Sub
surface water sources in the impact area were considered as bore well pointa and the same
were presented in Table 4.12.
The locations of water sampling points that are considered in this study area are presented in
Fig.4.10.
The list of Parameters and Standard Method for sample analysis were listed in Table 4.13.

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TABLE 4.12 LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING STATIONS
Water
Sl.No Sampling Type of source
Locations
Stations
Sea Water (near Project

1 W1 Surface
Location)
2 W2 Kovalam (Back Water) Surface
3 W3 Manakudi River Surface
4 W4 Kottaram Lake Surface
5 W5 Pottalkulam Tank Surface
6 W6 Fishing Harbour Sub surface

(Kanyakumari)
7 W7 Agasteeswaram Sub surface
8 W8 Thamaraikulam Sub surface
9 W9 Thirumoolan nagar Sub surface
10 W10 Anjugramam Sub surface

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TABLE 4.13 PARAMETERS AND METHODOLOGIES - WATER QUALITY
QUALITY Parameter Method

Temperature °C Thermometer
pH pH meter
Turbidity (NTU) Nephelometric method
Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l Evaporation method
Physico Total Suspended Solids, mg/l Filtration & Evaporation method
Chemical
Total Hardness as Ca Co3 EDTA Titrometric method
Conductivity uS/cm Conductivity meter
Nitrates as NO3, mg/l U.V Spectrophotometer method

Ammonical Nitrogen, mg/l Titrometric method
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l Azide modification

Biological BOD5, mg/l Dilution & DO by Winkler’s
method
COD, mg/l Open reflux method

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4.5.1. Surface Water Sources

There are 5 surface water sources considered in the project impact area for study purposes.
The water samples were drawn from these sources for Characterization studies.
Physico-chemical characteristics
In all sampling locations, the water is relatively potable. The objectionable parts of
characteristics are chloride, carbonate hardness, total hardness, but very marginally.
The local people practice no treatment for these water sources for domestic applications in
the impact area.
Biological characteristics
All these water samples show relatively good DO. However, the Kottaram Lake indicates
organic pollution in it with more BOD and less DO.
The values of the sample analysis are presented in Table 4.14.

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TABLE 4.14 ANALYSIS OF WATER (SURFACE SOURCES)
W4 W5
S.No Parameter and Units W1 W2 W3 (fresh (fresh
water) water)
1. Water Temperature 0C 27.0 27.9 23 29.50 30.40
2. pH 7.0 7.5 6.7 7.5 7.10
3. Conductivity as Siemens 12 10 27 460 495
4. Total Dissolved Solids as g/l 980 760 3500 225 390
5. Suspended Solids mg/l 25 10 45 11.50 12.40
6. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 130 100 150 5.10 4.90
7. Hardness mg/l 70 65 160 165 190
8. Carbonate alkalinity (CO3) mg/l 190 150 12900 40 45
9. Bi-Carbonate Alkalinity (HCO3) mg/l 34 42 13200 120 110
10. Total Phosphorus as PO4 mg/l 60 120 570 2.10 2.50
11. Nitrite as NO2 mg/l 70 44 450 3.40 3.90
12. Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 6 4 90 1.70 1.50
13. Ammonia Nitrogen as N mg/l 0.10 0.14 0.09 0.25 0.60
14. Total Nitrogen as N mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.1 5.0 6.2
15. Chromium (Cr) mg/l 2.95 1.15 1.90 BDL BDL
16. Copper (Cu) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 BDL BDL BDL
17. Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.02 0.01 BDL BDL BDL
18. Nickel (Ni) mg/l 0.30 0.34 BDL BDL BDL
19. Zinc (Zn) mg/l 0.40 0.45 0.15 0.10 0.10
20. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 3.9 4.3 4.1 BDL BDL
21. Mercury (Hg) mg/l 40 65 15 BDL BDL
22. Arsenic (As) mg/l 120 170 65 BDL BDL
23. Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l 14.0 13.9 12.3 5.2 4.9
24. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l 7.0 7.5 6.7 12.30 10.95
25. COD, mg/l 12 10 27 15 20
26. E. coli 980 760 23500 1 0

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4.5.2. Subsurface Sources
The samples were drawn from the cited sampling stations in the impact area and are analyzed
for important quality parameters to assess its Physico-chemical and biological qualities.
Physico-chemical characteristics
In all sampling locations, the water is relatively potable. The objectionable parts of
characteristics are chloride, carbonate hardness, total hardness, but very marginally.
The local people practice no treatment for these water sources for domestic applications in
the impact area.
Biological characteristics
The biological quality of the water is analysed for BOD5, COD and DO. In all under ground
sources, the biological quality of water is safe.
The characteristics of the analysed samples of subsurface water sources are presented in
Table 4.15.

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TABLE 4.15 ANALYSIS OF WATER (SUB SURFACE SOURCES)
S.No Parameter and Units W1 W2 W3 W4 W5

1. pH 7.12 6.52 7.10 6.60 7.45
2. Turbidity BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
3. Total Dissolved Solids as mg/l 685 555 670 750 510
4. Hardness mg/l 240 210 215 255 240
5. Total Phosphorus as PO4 mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
6. Total Nitrogen as N mg/l 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.05
7. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
8. Chromium (Cr) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
9. Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02
10. Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
11. Nickel (Ni) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
12. Zinc (Zn) mg/l 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.20
13. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
14. Mercury (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
15. Arsenic (As) mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
16. Dissolved Oxygen, mg/l 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.1
17. BOD5, mg/l 0 0 0 0 0
18. COD, mg/l 5 10 10 12 10

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4.6. NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Ten Noise observatory stations are fixed for noise sampling in the Port area and as well in its
environ covering 10km radius.
The locations of noise observatory stations are presented in Fig.4.11.
The locations of noise observatory stations are presented in Table 4.16.
One station was taken very near to the proposed construction of Passanger Jetty and other
stations were taken in side in different locations.
Noise level monitoring at each observatory station was carried out three times, uniformly
distributed, during the study period of one month. Noise levels were studied separately
during daytime and nighttime in all five stations. The observed noise level in the observatory
stations are presented in Table 4.17.

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TABLE 4.16 LOCATIONS OF NOISE OBSERVATORY STATIONS
Noise Observatory
Sl.No. Location
Stations
1. N1 Project Location
2. N2 Kanyakumari
3. N3 Kovalam
4. N4 Kottaram
5. N5 Paalkulam

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TABLE 4.17 AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL IN THE PROJECT IMPACT AREA
Day Time Night Time dB(A) standard
Max. Min. Avg. Max. Min. Avg. Day Night

Stations
dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) time time
N1 36.40 30.50 33.45 27.25 23.00 25.13 55 45
N2 38.50 24.50 31.50 29.00 22.40 27.20 55 45
N3 39.00 35.00 37.50 26.05 23.50 28.78 55 45
N4 34.50 30.20 32.85 25.55 20.00 22.78 55 45
N5 33.00 26.40 30.70 29.00 20.50 24.75 55 45

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4.7. SOIL ENVIRONMENT
The soils of Kanyakumari district can be classified into i) Red Soil, ii) Red lateritic soil, (iii)
Brown soil and iv) Coastal sand. The soils are mostly in-situ in nature, lateritic, earthy and pale
reddish in colour. They are derived from laterisation of gneisses. The soils derived from
gneisses are mostly brownish. The thickness of soils in the mounts is almost negligible whereas
in the valleys it is around 2 m.
The lateritic type of soil occurs in Thiruvattar, Munchirai, Kurunthancode, Rajakkamangalam,

Killiyur, Thuckalay and Melpuram blocks. The mixed type of Red and alluvial soils, occur in
Agastheeswaram and Thovala blocks. The coastal sand occurs in the western side of the
district. The coastal alluvium sand is of high fertility.
The locations of soil sampling stations are presented in Table 4.18. The characteristics of soil in
the impact area are presented in Table 4.19. The locations of soil sampling stations are
4.7.1 Land Use Pattern
The land use pattern of Kanyakumari Port is presented in Table 4.20.
The satellite imaging showing the land use pattern of the project impact area is presented in
Fig.4.13

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TABLE 4.18 LOCATION OF SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS
Soil Sampling
Sl.No. Location
Stations
1 S1 Project Location
2 S2 Kanyakumari
3 S3 Pooviyur
4 S4 Manakudi
5 S5 Salaiputhur

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TABLE 4.19 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristics S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
Type of soil (Texture) Loam Loam Clay Loam Loam Clay Loam
Light
Colour Grey Grey Grey Light Grey
Grey
pH 8.35 8.77 8.34 7.96 8.06
Conductivity (micro mhos/cm) 2530 2960 1650 1180 1290
Magnesium (%) 125 135 125 90 135
Nitrogen (%) 60 260 1650 1320 166
Phosphorous (%) 255 110 1320 750 895
Potassium, as K++ mg/kg 114 155 85 87 105
Calcium, as Ca++ mg/kg 847 2327 3040 1370 1903
Sodium, as Na++ mg/kg 2350 2900 210 170 210
Sand (%) 81.90 68.50 65.30 65.50 50.50
Gravel (%) 5.50 7.70 12.80 15.80 15.30
Silt and Clay (%) 7 12 30.50 31.20 29.40
Infiltration (cm/hr) 4.50 3.20 2.50 3.60 3..50

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TABLE 4.20 LAND USE PATTERN (20 X 20 km)
Sl. No Classification Area in sq.km
1 Builtup, Urban 5.770
2 Builtup, Rural 17.84
3 Agriculture, Crop land 42.80
4 Agriculture, Plantation 32.45
5 Barren Unculturable, Wasteland 4.939
6 Waterbodies/River/Canals 5.330
7 Waterbodies/Reservoir/Ponds 6.840
8 Forest, Swamp/Mangroves 0.164
9 Dry Land 2.458
10 Sea Covered in 10 km Radius 281.4
Total 400

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.7.2. Land Survey
IIT-M was sourced for the land survey of the project location,
The Contour Map of the project location is presented in Fig.4.14.
The Landuse/Landcover Map is presented in Fig 4.15.
The Geomorphology Map of Project Location is presented in Fig. 4.16.
The Drainage map for Project Location is shown in Fig. 4.17.
The Lineament Map for project Location Shown in Fig. 4.18.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.8. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The study area of 10 km radius around the Kanyakumari Port is predominatly marine.
However, the study area has significantly rich terrestrial envvironmnent with West and North-
West side of the land stretch is primarily lands under agriculture and human settlements.
4.8.1. Terrestrial Environment
Baseline Survey to evaluate the Terrestrial Biologicalical environment of the project impact
area was conducted. The diversity of species of flora and fauna were surveyed, sampled and
interpreted to study the complementary living supports of the terrestrial environment of the
study area.
The Foral diversity is grouped into trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs, aquatic plants and
phytoplankton. Similarly, the Faunal diversity is grouped into mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians and zooplankton.
The study area has good vegetate ion cover in the western and northern- west regions. Large
tracts of the land are under paddy and coconut and groundnut cultivation. Discussions were
held with local people together related information on the richness of plant and animal
resources and their dependency for the biological environment.
4.8.2. Flora
The common species which were found in the project area were Cocos nucifera, Areca
catechu, Musa paradisiacal, etc. Table 4.21 shows list of flora, which were observed during the
site visit.
4.8.3. Aquatic Vegetation
The area is with a significant amount aquatic environment with a back-water stream namely
Kovalam and and few estuary and creeks. The field survey for assessing the aquatic vegetation
was also undertaken during the study period.
The list of aquatic plants observed in the study area is presented in Table 4.22.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.21 FLORA IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Scientificname Common Name Family

TREES
1. Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae
2. Cocos nucifera Coconut Arecaceae
3. Artocarpus heterophyllus Jackfruit Moraceae
4. Musa paradisiaca Plantain Musaceae
5. Butea monosperma Flame of the Forest Fabaceae

6. Bambuseae Bamboo Poaceae
7. Tectona grandis Teak Lamiaceae
8. Pterocarpus indica Vengai Fabaceae

9. Areca catechu Arecanut Arecaceae
10. Tamaindus indica Tamarind Fabaceae
11. Terminalia chebula Myrobalan ( Kadukkai) Combretaceae
12. Cinnamomum verum Cinnamon bark Lauraceae
13. Phyllanthus emblica Indian Gooseberry(Nelli) Phyllanthaceae
14. Artocarpus hirsutus Aini Moraceae

SHRUBS
15. Rosa rubiginosa Rose Rosaceae
16. Jasminum officinale Jasmine Oleaceae
17. Croton californicus Crotons Euphorbiaceae
18. Lilium candidum L. Lilies Liliaceae
19. Dahila pinnata Dahlias Asteraceae

PASSENGER JETTY
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TABLE 4.22 AQUATIC PLANTS IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Scientific Name Common Name Vernacular Name (Tamil)

1. Eichornia crassipes Water hyacinth Agayatamarai
2. Aponogetonnatans Floating laceplant Kottikizhnagu

3. Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce Agasatamarai
4. Ipomoea carnea Pink morning glory Kattamanangu
5. Hydrilla verticillata Water thyme Amirnapacci

6. Vallisneria natans Eel grass Velampaci
7. Lemna gibba Duckweed Vathupaci
8. Najas gramineadelile Ricefield Water nymph Vayalneerpaci
9. Nymphaea pubescens Pink waterlily Vellambal
10. Nymphaea nouchali Blue waterlily Nellambal

PASSENGER JETTY
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4.8.4. Planktons
Water samples and Phytoplankton samples were collected from 5 villages, Kovalam
Agasteeswaram, Manakudi, Kottaram, Pottalkulam and Salaiputhur following standard
methods of collections and the samples were analyzed using standard procedures. The
analysis revealed that the areas are moderately rich in phytoplankton biodiversity. List of
phytoplankton observed in the study area are given in Table: 4.23
TABLE 4.23 PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Planktons Name

1. Asterionella japonica
2. Bellerochea malleus
3. Biddulphia sinensis
4. Ceratulina
5. Ceratium tripos
6. Coscinodisucsgigas
7. Ditylumbrightwelli
8. Hemidiscushardmannaianus
9. Naviculasp
10. Nitzschiasp
11. Planktoniellasol
12. Rhizosoleniaalata
13. Skeletonemacostatum
14. Thalassiosirasubtilis
15 Peridiniumsp
16 Chactocerossp
17 Coscinodiscussp
All the species of phytoplankton were found to be healthy and there was no domination of any
individual species, though there were bloom formers. The richness of phytoplankton was good
enough to support the zooplankton and also fish in the quatic environment.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.8.5. Fauna
The faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to wild mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians and insect species and also zooplankton, a baseline survey was conducted in 05
villages in the study area
Domestic – The domestic animals are mainly mammals like cow, goat, cat, dog etc are found
common in the study area.
Wild Animals – Since the natural forests constitute negligible of the forest area wild life does
not offer a wide spectrum of species. Some reptiles and amphibians can also be seen with a
number of bird species. List of of fauna observed in the study area is given in Table.4.24.
4.8.6. Insects
The various species of insects observed in the study area are given in the Table 4.25
4.8.7. Birds
Wetland and water birds make use of a variety of conditions, from dry zones and meadows
bordering lakes to open water zones. On the basis of their size, the availability of food and
suitable foraging conditions, different birds can occupy different parts of the lake.
It communicates with the sea by a shallow passage, which is only opening in the littoral sand.
List of of birds reported/observed is in the study area given in Table. 4.26
4.8.8. Zooplankton
The various species of Zooplankton recorded in the study area are presented in the Table 4.27
4.9. MARINE ENVIRONMENT
The study area is unique with a complementary mix of terrestrial, coastal and marine
environment with abundance of species which are interdependent and seasonal. The marine
environment is interactive with back waters, estuaries and creeks.
4.9.1. Fishes
The observed basic water quality parameters indicated the quality of the brackish water for
healthy living of the aquatic organisms. List of Fishes observed in the study area are listed in
Table 4.28.
The primary source of sediment for the Kanyakumari coast is the long-shore drift, moving from
south to north.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.24 FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA
Vernacular
Sl.No Scientific Name Common Name
Name(Tamil)
Amphibians
1. Euphlyctiscyanophlyctis Skipper frog Thavalai
2. Euphlyctishexadactylus Indian green frog Pachaithavali
3. Fejervaryakudremukhensis Cricket frog -
4. Hoplobatrachuscrassus Jerdon's bullfrog -
5. Ranatemporaria Common frog Thavalai
6. Sphaerothecabreviceps Indian burrowing frog -
7. Duttaphrynus melanostictus Common Indian Toad -
8. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Chameleon -
9. Calotes versicolor Lizard (garden) -
10. Kachuga tecta tecta Indian tent turtle -
Mammales
11. Felischaus Jungle cat Kattupoonai
12. Funambuluspalmarum Three-striped palm squirrel Ramaranil
13. Capra aegagrus hircus Goat Aadu
14. Apodemus slvaticus Mouse Eli
15. Herpestesjavanicus Asian Small Mongoose Keeripullai
16. Hystrixindica Indian Porcupine Mullamandri
17. Lepusnigricollis Black-napedHare Muyal
18. Maniscrassicaudata Indian Pangolin Azhungu
19. Paradoxurushermaphroditus Toddy cat Panaimarampoonai
20. Rattusrattus Common rat Eli
21. Viverriculaindica Small Indian Civet Punagu
22. Vulpesbengalensis Indian Fox Nari
Reptiles
23. Calotes versicolor Common garden lizard Onan
24. Ptyas mucosus Common rat snake Sarai pambu
25. Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Udumbu
26. Eutropis carinata Brahminy skink Kattu Aranai
27. Hemidactylus flaviviridis House Gecko Palli
28. Hemidactylus brook ii Spotted Indian House Gecko Mara Palli
29. Sitana ponticeriana Fan-Throated Lizard Visir i thonta i onan
30. Mabuya carinatus Common skink Aranai
31. Ahaetulla mycterizans Common Green Whip Snake Pachai pambu
32. Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Pachondhi
33. Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Periya Onan
34. Bungarus caeruleus Common Indian Krait Kattu viriyan

PASSENGER JETTY
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TABLE 4.25 INSECTS IN THE STUDY AREA
Vernacular
Sl.No Scientific Name Common Name
Name(Tamil)
1. Acridaexaltata Grasshopper Vettukkili
2. Apis cerana Indianhoneybee Theni
3. Batocerarufomaculata. Mangostemborer Mathanduthoolaipan
4. Ceratogomphus pictus Dragonfly Thantampoochi
5. Coccinella magnif ica Ladybirdbeetle Thambalapoochi
6. Danauschrysippus Plaintiger Pulivannathupoochi
7. Euploeacore Commonindiancrow Karuppuvannathupoochi
8. Eurythyrea austriaca Jewelbeetle Ponvandu
9. Henosepilachnaodecastigma BrinjalSpottedbeetle Pottuvandu
10. Ischnura heterosticta Damsel fly Oosithantam
11. Junoniaorithiya Bluepansy Neelavannathupoochi
12. Monomoriumfloricula Flowerant Pooerumbu
13. Myrmicaria brunnea Leafcuttingant Kattaierumbu
14. Oecophyllasmaragdina Weaverant Theyyalerumbu
15. Panagaeus cruxmajor Groundbeetle Nilavandu
16. Papiliodemoleus Limebutterfly Elumbivhaivannathupoochi
17. Papiliopolytes Commonmormon Kuruvivalvannathupoochi
18. Paratrechinalongicornis Longhorncrazyant Kombaierumbu
19. Phalantaphalanta Commonleopard Siruthaivannathupoochi
20. Pierisbrassicae LargeCabbageButterfly Pachaipattampuchi
21. Pierisrapae CabbageButterfly SiruPachaipattampuchi
22. Poekiloceruspictus PaintedGrasshopper VannathuVettukkili
23. Scirpophagaincertulas Ricestemborer Nelthanduthulaipan
24. Solenopisinvicta Fireant Neruppuerumbu
25. Sphodromantis vir idis Prayingmantis Mazhaipoochi
26. Tetramoriumguineense Guineaant Sulukki
27. Ypthimahuebneri Commonfourring Siruvannathupoochi

PASSENGER JETTY
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TABLE 4.26 BIRDS IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Scientific Name Common Name Vernacular Name (Tamil)

1. Phalacrocoraxfuscicollis Indian Cormorant Kondai Neer Kagam
2. Egretta garzetta Little Egret ChinnaKokku
3. Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billedPelican Kuzhai Kada
4. Egrettagularis ReefHeron KaraiKokku
5. Ardeacinerea GreyHeron Sambal Narai
6. Ardeaalba GreatEgret PeriaKokku
7. Ardeaintermedia IntermediateEgret VellaiKokku
8. Bubulcusibis CattleEgret UnniKokku
9. Ardeolagrayii IndianPondHeron KuruttuKokku
10. Francolinuspondicerianus GreyFrancolin Kowdhari
11. Coturnixcoturnix CommonQuail Kaadai
12. Porphyrioporphyrio PurpleMoorhen NeelaThazhaiKozhi
13. Gallinulachloropus CommonMoorhen ThaazhaiKozhi
14. Spilopeliasenegalensis LittleBrownDove ChinnaThavittuPura
15. Spilopeliachinensis SpottedDove PulliPura
16. Streptopeliatranquebarica RedTurtleDove ThavittuPura
17. Columbalivia BlueRockPigeon MadaPura
18. Psittaculaeupatria AlexandrineParakeet PeriaPachaiKili
19. Psittaculakrameri Rose-ringedParakeet SenthaarPynkili
20. Cuculusmicropterus IndianCuckoo Kuyil
21. Surniculuslugubris DrongoCuckoo KarichanKuyil
22. Bubonipalensis ForestEagleOwl KattuAaandhai
23. Alcedocoerulescens SmallBlueKingfisher Meenkothi
24. Ceyxerithaca OrientalDwarfKingfisher ChinnaMeenkothi
25. Meropsorientalis GreenBee-eater PachaiPanchuruttan
26. Dinopiumbenghalense Golden-backedWoodpecker Merkathia
27. Pycnonotusjocosus Red-whiskeredBulbul SivappuMeesai Chinnaan
28. Pycnonotuscafer Red-ventedBulbul Chinnaan
29. Turdoidesaffinis Yellow-billedBabbler VenthalaiSilamban
30. Dicrurusmacrocercus BlackDrongo KarungKarichaan
31. Corvussplendens HouseCrow Kakkai
32. Corvusmacrorhynchos JungleCrow AndamKakkai
33. Passerdomesticus HouseSparrow Chittu
34. Petroniaxanthocollis Yellow-throatedSparrow ManjalThondaiChittu

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.27 ZOOPLANKTONS IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Scientific Name
1. Globigerinasp
2. Tintinnopsissp
3. Diphyessp
4. Tomopterissp
5. Veligerlarva
6. Copepodnauplii
7. Acartiasp
8. Centropagessp
9. Labidoceraacuta
10. Temoralongicornis
11. Acrocalanusgracilis
12. Euchaetasp
13. Oithonarigida
14. Corycaeussp
15. Lucifersp
16. Sagitasp
17. Oikopleura
18. Microstellassp

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.28 FISHES IN THE STUDY AREA
Sl.No Scientific Name English Name Vernacular Name (Tamil)
In Fresh water
1. Catla catla Catla Catla
2. Channa orientalis Asiatic snakehead Maniam korava i
3. Rhinomugil corsula Mullet Kendai
4. Tilapia sp African tilapia Jalebi meen,
In Salt water
5. Carangoides malabaricus Malabar Trevally Paarai
6. Chirocentrus dorab Dorab wolf-herring Valai
7. Etroplus suratensis Green chromide Karimeen
8. Katsuwonus pelamis Skipjack tuna Soorai meen
9. Lates calcarifer Asian seabass Koduva
10. Lutjanus campechanus, Northern red snapper, Sankara
11. Mackerel rastreliger Mackerel Kanaguntha
12. Mugil cephalus Mullet Madava
13. Parastromateus niger Pomfret Vavval
14. Penaeus indicus White prawn Vella ral
15. Penaeus monodon Tiger prawn Karunvandu ral
16. Sardinella longiceps Sardines, Mathimeen
17. Scomberomorus guttatus Seer / King fis h Vanjaram
18. Scylla serrata Mud Crab Kal or Kali nandu
19. Stolephorus indicus Anchovies Nethili
20. Thunnus albacares Yellow fin tuna Keerai meen

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.9.2. Zooplankton
Field investigation and the preliminary assessment in the Kanyakumari coastal villages indicate
the sand dunes were in the immense pressure.
The coastal tracts are occupied by the marshy swamps and number of sand dunes (Teri sands).
List of Zooplankton Species observed in the study area are listed in Table 4.29.
TABLE 4.29 ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES – PROJECT IMACT AREA
S. No Name of the species Ciliata Feb 2018 Mar 2018 Apr 2018
1 Tintinnopsis sp. + - +
2 Favella sp. Chaetognatha + + -
3 Sagitta enflata Cladocera - + +
4 Evadne tergestinn - - +
5 Podon sp. - +
6 Pen ilia avirostris Ostracoda - +
7 Cypridina sp. Decapoda + + -
8 Lucifer hensani - -
9 L. reynaudi Copepoda - + -
10 Ellca/anus subcrasslls + - +
11 Acrocalanlls gracilis - + -
12 Paracalanus aClileatus + - -
13 P. parvlls + + +
14 Pseudodiaptomus aurivillii + - -
15 Acartia spinicauda + + -
16 Oithona rigida + + +
17 O. brevicornis + + +'
18 Corycaells danae Mysidacea - - -
19 Mesopodopsis sp. + +
20 Neomysis sp. Larva and other forms - - +
21 Pilidium larva -
22 Polychaetes + - +
23 Polydora larva - - -
24 Nephtys larva + - +
25 Fish eggs + - -
26 Fish larva - - -
27 Bivalve Veliger + + -
28 Gastropod Veliger - + +

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.9.3. Polychates and Molluscas
Ipomea pescaprae and Spinifex littoralis are the plant species restored in these villages by
plucking a portion of the creeper from the denser area and planting it in pits dug at a depth of
30 to 40 cm. The planting of creepers was made at an interval of 2 m distance each in 6 pits.
90% of growth was recorded in my study from the month of March 2018 to May 2018. Ipomea
pescaprae growth was reached nearly 30cm from three months but Spinifex littoralis was not
showing any level of growth. After two months, fencing of the vegetated sand dunes were
made particularly in pudupettai and singarathoppu villages table the growth rate of Ipomea
pescaprae and Spinifex littoralis for the three months in the five villages.
In my study, sand dunes in Kanyakumari coastal area is under pressure due to the
development activities carried out in this area. Sand dune vegetation is the good way for
protecting sand dunes in Kanyakumari coastal areas. Ipomea pescaprae is a dune plant has
great ability to grow in the Kanyakumari area. Turtle nesting activity is carried out in high level
in Kanyakumari coastal area. For to conserve the coastal living organisms and protecting
coastal villages from natural hazards, the sand dunes should be conserve and manage by
routine monitoring and restoration activity
Preparation of venom extract: The C. zeylanicus were collected in live condition from the
0 0
Kanyakumari coastal region (Lat. 08 04' 42.93'' N Long. 77 33' 17.55'' E), South East Coast of
India. The live cones were cracked in a vice and the soft body of the animal was removed from
their shells. The venom duct and venom bulb of each animal were dissected out by cutting the
anterior end of the duct at its junction with the pharynx and the posterior end of the duct at
its junction with the bulb and the venom was obtained from venom ducts by placing each duct
on an ice-cold metal spatula. Then cutting out of the duct in 2cm segments and then squeezing
out the contents with a pair of forceps were done. The collected venom was taken up with
distilled water. The extract was then freeze-dried and stored in sealed ampoules.
List of Polychaetes and Molluscans observed in the study area are listed in Table 4.30.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.30 POLYCHAETES AND MOLLUSCANS IN THE STUDY AREA
S.No Polychaetes Crustaceans and Molluscans
1. Ancistrosyllis constricta Clibanarius longitarsus
2. Ceratonereis costae Clibanarius olivaceus
3. Cossura delta Calappa lophus
4. Glycera alba Matula lunaris
5. Heteromastus simillis Portunus triberculatus
6. Lumbriconereis polydemsa Cerithidea cingulata
7. Nephtys polybranchita Katelysia opima
8. Polydora ciliate Meretrix casta
9. Prionospio malmgreni Umbonium vestriarium
10. Preudopolydora kembi Anadara sp.
11. Tylonereis fauveli
12. L.simplex
13. Diopalra neopolitana

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
4.10. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT (SOCIO ECONOMICS)
This section discusses the baseline scenario of the socio-economic environment in the study
area and anticipated impacts of the proposed project on the socio-economic environment. The
issues under focus in this topic are demographic pattern, economic activity, education and
literacy profile, etc. The assessment attempts to predict and evaluate the future impacts of
project upon people, their physical and psychological health and wellbeing, their economic
status, cultural heritage, lifestyle and other value system. As per district census 2011,
Kanyakumari district has its headquarters in Nagercoil and it has 2 revenue divisions and 4
taluks. There are 63 revenue villages in this district. Out of these, 56 villages are inhabited. The
district has 9 Community Development Blocks consisting of 95 Village Panchayats. The urban
frame includes 4 Municipalities, 56 Town Panchayats and 36 Census Towns in the district.
Kanyakumari district has recorded second largest urban population of 82.33% to the total
population among the districts in Tamil Nadu and geographically spread over an area of
1684m2 and is administratively divided into four Taluks (Vilavancode, Kalkulam, Thovala, and
Agastheeswaram). The district consists of the main land Kanyakumari, the man made world’s
most popular area of Vivekananda Rock Memorial. The Thiruvalluvar Statue is a 133 feet tall
stone sculpture of the Tamil poet and philosopher Tiruvalluvar, author of the Thirukkural
located adjacent to Vivekananda Rock Memorial. The district borders Arabian Sea in the west,
Laccadive sea (Lakshadweep Sea) in the South, Thiruvananthapuram District (Kerala State) in
the north, and Thirunelveli District in the east.
4.10.1. Socio-economic impact
The proposed Passenger Jetty Extension project site is surrounded by Kanyakumari municipal
town, since the general people are residing far away from the proposed project, this will not
create any additional negative impact on the people. This will create additional employment
opportunities to the people. However, the survey results show that the dredging activities for
the proposed project may affect the marine fishing activities, temporarily and only during the
capital dredging period of not more thsan five months.
The livelihood of the fisherman communities is well supported by marine resources and
infrastuctures in the Kanyakumari district.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Brief profile of Kanyakumari District (as per census 2011 status) is presented in Table 4.31, and
Thaluk-wise literacy levels in Kanyakumari district presented in Table 4.32.
Population by broad industrial categories of workers presented in Table 4.33, and Salient
features of Kanyakumari district – block wise presented in Table 4.34
Fisheries development presented in Table 4.35, and Main workers in Kanyakumari district
(2001) Presented in Table 4.36.
The total population of Kanyakumari district is 18,70,374 (As per census 2011 status). The
number of male is 92,63,45. The number female is 94,40,29. The Population Density of
Kanyakumari districts 1111/km2.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.31 DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
S.No Particular Value

1. Area 1684 sq. km.
2. Population 18,70,374
3. Decadal Growth rate 11.60 %
4. Male population 9,26,345
5. Female population 9,44,029
6. Density of population (persons per km2.) 1111
7. Proportion to Tamil Nadu Population 2.59%
8. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 964
9. Sex Ratio (females per 1000 males) 1019
10. Literacy 91.75 %
11. Male literacy 93.65 %
12. Female literacy 89.90 %
13. Urban Population 82.33 %
Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India 2011.
According to the 2011 census Kanyakumari district has a population of 18.7 lakhs representing
2.5 percent of the state population. The district has a population density of 1,111 persons per
sq. km. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.60%. Kanyakumari
district has a positive sex ratio of 1019 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of
91.75%. The district has 9 CD Blocks and 63 villages.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.32 BLOCK-WISE LITERACY LEVELS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
Population Literacy rate

Name of the Blocks No. of
No. of Persons Male Female Male Female
Persons
Agastheswaram 1,61,080 79,923 81,157 1,34,270 67,586 66,684
Rajakkamangalam 1,66,246 82,532 83,714 1,39,135 70,189 68,946

Thovalai 1,20,926 60,056 60,870 98,890 50,439 48,451
Kurunthancode 1,97,591 98,656 98,935 1,63,288 82,698 80,590
Thuckalay 187865 93,205 94,660 1,57,221 79,156 78,065
Thiruvattar 1,76,681 88,037 88,644 1,44,969 73,594 71,375
Killiyoor 1,71,727 84,824 86,903 1,40,658 70,648 70,010
Munchiri 1,99,967 99,244 1,00,723 1,60,165 81,051 79,114

Melpuram 1,97,566 97,106 1,00,460 1,60,846 81,007 79,839
Nagercoil Municipality 2,24,849 1,09,938 1,14,911 1,94,361 96,454 97,907
Padmanabapuram Municipality 21,342 10,518 10,824 1,7,911 8,967 8,944

Colachel Municipality 23,227 11,767 11,460 18,702 9,534 9,168
Kuzhithurai Municipality 21,307 10,539 10,768 18,322 9,218 9,104
Total 18,70,374 9,26,345 9,44,029 15,48,738 7,80,541 7,68,197

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.33 POPULATIONS BY BROAD INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES OF WORKERS
District Tamil Nadu

Sl.No Industrial Category
% to total % to total
Persons Persons
Population Population
1. Main Workers 5,52,658 29.55 2,79,42,181 38.73
2. Marginal Workers 1,26,962 6.79 49,42,500 6.85
3. Total Workers(1+2) 6,79,620 36.34 3,28,84,681 45.58
a) Cultivators (Main) 12,229 0.65 42,48,457 5.89
b) Agricultural 51,350 2.75 96,06,547 13.32

(Main)Labourers
c) Household Industry
Manufacturing, 21,078 1.13 13,64,893 1.89
Processing, Servicing
and Repairs
d) Other Workers 4,68,001 25.02 1,76,64,784 24.48
4. Non workers 11,90,754 63.66 3,92,62,349 54.42
Total (3+4) 18,70,374 100 7,21,47,030 100.00

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.34 SALIENT FEATURES OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT – BLOCK WISE
Females Literacy rate

Density among S.C. S.T.
Sl. Name of the per
per Population Population
No. Block/Municipality 1000
Sq.Km. Male % Female % in % in %
males
1. Agasteeswaram 1,210 1,015 94.40 91.19 7.44 0.28

2. Rajakamangalam 1,383 1,014 94.44 90.98 5.48 0.07
3. Thovalai 328 1,014 93.01 87.59 11.09 0.32
4. KurunthanCode 1,849 1,003 93.34 90.41 3.63 0.05
5. Thuckalay 1,441 1,016 94.30 90.93 2.85 0.03
6. Thiruvattar 512 1,007 92.40 88.50 1.77 1.58
7. Killiyoor 2,077 1,025 93.19 89.34 1.21 0.08

8. Munchirai 2,777 1,015 91.48 87.40 2.62 0.07
9. Melpuram 727 1,035 92.58 87.59 2.19 1.36
Nagercoil
10. 9,264 1,045 96.63 93.43 4.19 0.17
Municipality
Padmanabhapuram
11. 3,299 1,029 95.05 91.38 10.61 0.00
Municipality
Colachel
12. 4,484 974 91.62 90.24 1.96 0.00
Municipality
Kuzhithurai
13. 4,137 1,022 95.85 92.32 1.45 0.02
Municipality
Total 1,119 1,019 93.65 89.899 3.96 0.39

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.35 FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
Name and Address of Inland Fish Catch Marine Fish Catch Number of
Fishing centres (Tonne) (Tonne) Fisherman engaged
Arockiapuram to
- 52,378 1,43,388
Neerodi (42 Cenres)
All Reservoiers and

9,841.07 - 24,101
Tanks

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 4.36 MAIN WORKERS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
a) Total Workers 5,52,658
b) Male Workers 4,46,895
c) Female Workers 1,05,763
d) Cultivators 12,229
e) Agricultural Labourers 51,350
f) Household Industry 21,078
g) Other Workers 4,68,001
h) Marginal Workers 72,007
i). Non-Workers 11,90,754

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – V
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
5.1. GENERAL
The proposed extension of the existing jetty will enhance the performance of the Vessel
Passenger terminal. The Jetty extension will be established with a Groyne as its integral facility
within the TNMB Waters to provide berthing facilities for the passenger Vessels or Ferries for
sailing the tourists from shore to the memorials.
The Jetty is not to have any cargo handling, including fishing. The proposed expansion of Jetty
will enable PSCL to facilitate 5 numbers of ferries and it is estimated that it will be in a position
to sail 15,000 tourists over day, providing them comfort and safety.
Jetty is a listed coastal activity but not under the purview of EIA Notification, 2006. However, it
is a listed activity in CRZ Notification, 2019 and hence, TNMB is intended to get CRZ Clearance.
5.2. IMPACT PRONE ACTIVITIES
The proposed construction of extension of the existing Jetty supported with a Groyne will have
the certain, specific impact prone activities in different phases of project implementation.
5.2.1. PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The extension of Jetty is a stopover berthing facility for the traveller’s boat or ferry where
every boat can take around 150 peoples on board.
The Jetty but for the groyne to protect erosion and provide a structural stability has no other
infrastructures even amenities like conveniences.
COASTAL EROSION
The extension of Jetty into sea may cause the erosion along the shoreline of the rock. Also,
when the construction of extension of the jetty is along the shore but away almost 300m,
there is possibility for erosion and a requirement for providing structural stability.
IIT-M studied the coastal features for designing the Jetty with Groyne which is presented in
ANNEXURE-I.

PASSENGER JETTY
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GROYNE
A 140 m length Groyne is proposed N-S and along the shoreline direction. The project location
is experiencing high level wave changes and so the littoral drift. Hence, the coastal processes
were studied and assessed for the vulnerability for erosion.
The groyne, as designed and presented in ANNEXURE-I will be constructed.
A comprehensive met-ocean data pertaining to project location was sourced and used by IIT-M
in the coastal modeling studies for the planning and sizing of Groyne.
DREDGING
The Proposed project location is already having a draft of 4-5m and hence, dredging of any
quantity is not required for the proposed ferry movements.
The deck level of existing jetty is (+) 2.1 m CD. The bed level at the location of existing berth
and rock is approximately (-) 3.5 m CD. The proposed Groyne will be extended up to 140 m
length and bed level of (-) 4.0 m CD and (-) 4.5 m CD average is assumed for the design of
Groyne.
Hence dredging whether capital in nature or for the maintenance of draft, is not required.
5.2.2. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PHASE
5.2.2a. Water and Wastewater Treatment & Disposals
There is no water supply or provision of conveniences in the jetty area, as it is available in the
memorial or in the traveler’s boat or or back in the landside Reception facility of TNMB.
5.2.2b. Solid Waste Disposal
Solid waste generated from tourist stop-over will be nill or very less, depending on their
waiting time.
However, any solid waste primarily food waste or related packages, will be periodically
collected and managed through the existing land side reception facility of TNMB.
PSCL is already maintaining their premises Plastic-free with the directives and special law on
Plastic use and waste management. Hence, the waste generation level has got reduced.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5.2.2c. Traffic of Ferry/ Boats
Increasing traffic of yacht and boat will minimize the waiting period drastically and hence the
waste generation will become zero or the least.
5.3. ANALYSIS OF IMPACTS
5.3.1. Air Pollution
Jetty, the parking/berthing areas of boats and ferries and their related activities will not have
any discharge or disposal of waste or residual emissions. However, the stack from the engine
operation which is very less to the prevailing met-oceanic conditions, will have impart changes
in the ambient air quality. However, such changes are brief and insignificant. There is no
fugitive dust or area source of air pollution in the proposed Marina.
The Jetty and Groyne structures will be constructed using concrete and inert, non-leaching
stones/rock and rubbles, respectively. Hence, they will have no emission to pollute the air
shed.
5.3.2. Water Pollution
There is no requirement for water is assessed. Hence, it will not cause any credible marine
impact.
The Rubble Mound structure of Groyne will offer surface for attached-growth of fauna and
flora which may have some marginal biological changes in the water quality in the surf zone in
the coastline of the project location. This will be acclimatized within a short time by nature and
hence will not have any long term impact.
Perhaps, the change will remain positive to the coastal water quality with enhanced
cleanliness and dissolved oxygen.
5.3.3. Solid waste
The general waste out from the activities of travelers like food waste will be zero or the least
and it will be disposed through the local body, for managing in their Solid waste management
facility. The spent oil or solid waste out off repair and refurbishment of boats will be sent off
site for treatment and disposal.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5.3.4. Noise
There is no noise generating processes. However, the engine operations of the boats may have
noise. TNMB will install MoEF&CC certified DG sets with acoustic enclosures in order to keep
the noise level within the permitted levels.
5.4. IMPACT PREDICTION STUDIES
The Impact prediction study is required essentially on passengers travel in the ferries and the
changes in the Shoreline and Sediments. Specific studies were already made for marine
biodiversity and fishermen community.
5.4.1. Coastal Environment
The construction of jetty and Groyne is the concerns for likely changes in shoreline
characteristics with respect to littoral drift and turbidity. No discharge or disposal of liquid or
solid waste will be permitted from any of the proposed activity.
Physical Modeling on the basis of long term and short term data for pre project scenario and
post project scenario were done by IIT-M. The results of the coastal modeling and likely
impacts are presented in ANNEXURE-I.
The assessed impacts are characteristically understood as retrievable and can be justified with
the importance of the proposed Jetty as blue green business model to benefit the ethnic
tourist and eventually the socio economic of human environment.
5.4.2. Biological Environment
No discharge of effluent or disposal of solid waste from the proposed Jetty and Groyne. The
traffic due to boats will have physical disturbance to coastal waters.
The impact is unlikely to have any serious toxic or contamination by character. The impact also
within the notified Waters and in the destined approach path of the boats.
5.4.3. Socio Economics
A detailed Socio Economic Survey was run in the project location to assess the public
acceptance for the proposed Jetty. The project is a long-awaited by the public and the revenue
modules of the local community will improve with more tourists attracted to the project
location.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The Member of Parliament and Member of Legislative of Assembly of the project location
were taken in to confidence and have conveyed the benefits of the projects to the public. The
interference to the historic fishing activities of the locals is assured for no interference by the
proposed extended or enhanced activity of the ferry services at any cost and at any point of
time.
TNMB, under its Corporate Environment Policy (CEP) have to plan and programmed to have
exclusive funds up to 0.75% of the project cost, around INR 2lakhs per annum for certain
domestic logistics and philanthropy such as protected water supply, better roads, sufficient
employment opportunities.
5.5. EVALUATION OF IMPACTS
The impacts due to the proposed Extension of Jetty is net positive and the project can be
implemented and operated in environmentally compatible way. The project will bring
additional revenue to Local body of Kanyakumari, PSCL and nevertheless to the people in the
project location, through providing extended services for tourist.
The impacts are required to be evaluated for potential significances and value indexes. The
environmental impacts are considered in four accounts as follows;
Impact I : Mitigated by EMP and systems
Impact II: Not yet fully and qualitatively assessed.
Impact III: Not yet fully and quantitatively assessed.
Impact IV: Positive impacts.
The potential significance of impacts are denoted as Viz., short term (S), long term (L) and
permanent (P).
However, the elaborate methodology of constructing EIA Matrix is not required as the
proposed project is not cause for any type of pollution and environmental impact on the
project location.
5.6. IMPACT QUANTIFICATION
To quantify the assessed impacts, they are assigned certain arbitrary weightage on the basis of
standards and listed in Table 5.1.

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EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 5.1. ARBITRARY WEIGHTAGE VALUES FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Sl.No. Parameters Importance Value
1 Air Quality 50
2 Water Resources 50
3 Coastal Area- Use Pattern 200
4 Solid waste disposal 50
5 Noise Level 50
6 Marine Environment 200
7 Human Settlement 200
8 Fisheries 100
9 Economic Growth 200
TOTAL 1000

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EXTENSION PROJECT
The values of the importance of the environmental parameters are related to the impacts of
the proposed project activities of Jetty in TNMB Waters.
To sum up the impact score, the coefficient of impacts for different environmental parameters
is assumed. The values are ranging from 0 – 5 are used in Quantification of total impact value
for the proposed project of TNMB and listed in Table 5.2.
The assumed coefficients of impact, which are devised based on the impact quality, are for
quantifying the total impact values of the proposed project of Jetty.
The detailed impact calculation is tabulated in Table 5.3.
The total impact value, as calculated in the Table is +3600, which favor the implementation of
the proposed project of Extension of Jetty in the TNMB Waters. The total impact score is an
assertive, positive score, which favors the implementation of the project.
5.7. MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation of impacts from the project activities of Jetty have been devised for all the three
phases of project viz.,
Planning & Designing
Construction & Establishment
Operation & Maintenance

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 5.2. COEFFICIENT VALUES FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Coefficient of
Sl.No. Coefficient Criteria
Impact
1. No impact 0
2. No appreciable impact 0
3. Significant impact-short term -1
4. Major impact-long term reversible -1
5. Major impact-long term irreversible -2
6. Permanent impact -2
7. Positive impacts +1, +2

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 5.3. IMPACT QUANTIFICATIONS
JETTY EXTENSION-TNMB
Environmental Importance Enhancement

Sl.No.
Parameters Value In Tourism
FERRY Impact Value
Landside
Impacts
1 Air Quality 50 -1 -1 -100
2 Water Resources 50 -1 -1 -100

Coastal Area Use +8
3 100 +2 +2000
Pattern
4 Solid Waste Disposal 50 -1 -1 -100
5 Noise Level 50 -1 -1 -100

6 Marine Environment 200 -1 0 -200
7 Human Settlement 200 +2 +4 +600
8 Fisheries 100 -2 -2 -400
9 Economic Growth 200 +2 +8 +2000
1000 +3600

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5.7.1. Planning & Design Phase
A comprehensive coastal survey was conducted to assess the coastal compatibility of the
project location, despite it is within the TNMB water spread area and not requiring any new
water spread area.
The location was surveyed through specific GPS protocol and LTL and HTL Mapping was
completed by Institute of Remote Sensing (IRS), Anna University and authenticated Map was
drawn to comply to the requirements and mandates of CRZ Notification, 2019.
A field Survey for bathymetry and long term met-oceanic data pertaining to project location
was generated for the interpretation of site-specific coastal conditions for the planning of
Layout for Jetty and designing of its functional components, including the non-requirement of
dredging.
IIT-M is the project consultant for establishing Jetty appointed by TNMB and they are in the
final stage of submitting the Detailed Project Report.
The design of Jetty and Groyne were made using Standard Practices recommended by relevant
Codes and Statutory Bodies.
5.7.2. Construction & Establishment Phase
Construction of Jetty and Groyne will be carried out in adherence to Standard Practices. During
this phase, TNMB is committed for the following:
Use of approve Quarry for Stone Boulders
Use of Pre- fabricated structures like Tetrapod
Use of designated vehicles for transportation
Avoidance of Spillage of materials into sea
Ensuring approach road as well laid so as to prevent fugitive emissions during the
transfer of construction materials
Employing trained skill persons
Providing Safety tools to all construction workers

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
5.7.3. Operation & Maintenance Phase
TNMB is very ambitious as the promoters; PSCL is well versed in this field and keen to operate
the facility to the best comfort and safety standards to travelers and tourists.
The following are the principal commitments of PSCL;
Use of Signals, Symbols and well guided navigation practices for accident free
movement of boats
Prevention of any discharge or spill to sustain the Quality of water in terms of TSS,
Color and Odor within its water spread area
Optimal Operation & Maintenance of Boats
Green Belt Development
Corporate Environment Plan

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – VI
Environmental Monitoring Program

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
6.1. GENERAL
The proposed extension project will increase the existing Jetty which is only 37m to another
100m so that three to five boats can be berthed. The extension of Jetty is envisaged with a
Groyne to provide structural stability and safety against coastal vulnerabilities mainly from
erosion.
TNMB is planned to expand its operational capacity of its coastal facility to improve the ferry
services in the project location where PSCL is operating three ferries to ship the passengers
from land to memorials. With increased influx of the tourists, it has become a compulsion to
increase the number of boats to increase the ferry services which eventually require additional
berthing facility.
The passenger jetty will facilitate more than 15,000 tourists on any day in the post project
scenario. The existing land side and ferry services by PSCL is having all required amenities like
protected water supply and conveniences to provide comfort to the travelers. The tourists are
mostly international and to say, PSCL is maintaining the operational protocols to comply
International Standards.
The Monitoring of all attributes of environment with reference to possible pollutants is

important for ensuring pollution - free ambience and air shed to all tourists. The water, air,
geology and Noise are the Value Environmental Components (VEC). The coastal processes,
marine life and its supportive biotic and abiotic systems are also the other important attributes
requiring monitoring.
PSCL is committed to avail the services of NABL or MoEF&CC accredited laboratory on annual
contact basis to carry out the monitoring as per the guidelines of CPCB and for all parameters
of observations, required by Tamilnadu Pollution Control Board.
The monitoring mechanism will be having two different mode viz., Continuous and Periodical.
The Environmental monitoring for PSCL Jetty and Service infrastructures have been devised
with an integrated approach which will eventually ensure the activities of TNMB, sustainability
in its development. The post project scenario, additional monitoring protocols, will be required
for monitoring of environment in three different approaches viz.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
 On Site Monitoring - TNMB Water spread area

(with specific number of sample points)
 Off Site Monitoring - TNMB Administration – Jetty and its environ

(5km radius)
Specific protocols shall also be finalized on the basis of general and specific conditions that are
likely to be in CRZ Clearance to evaluate the polluting impacts of the activities during project
establishments. Exclusive programs of sampling and analysis of components of VECs have
been devised with laboratory schedule of monitoring instruments and manpower.
The monitoring mechanism will be having two different mode viz., Continuous and Periodical.
The monitoring and data logging will be advised to as per the conditions of CRZ and EC.
6.2. ON-SITE MONITORING
The project area which is much within the TNMB Waters for Ferry Services is prone for
significant maritime transport activities from the passenger jetty and hence an effective
Environmental monitoring program is much in place and being operated by PSCL.
PSCL will join the Environmental Monitoring Programs of TNMB and share the information
mutually for environmental conservation and pollution control.
PSCL will avail the services of any accredited laboratory and team up with TNPCB to conduct
the environmental survey, in regular intervals as per CPCB standards for air, water and soil
quality monitoring.
Strategic locations for locating sampling points shall be identified, in consultation with state
PCB, which will change from time to time, so that the entire area of TNMB is always under
Environmental monitoring.
A conceptual schedule of monitoring program for the PSCL is presented in Table 6.1.
6.3. OFF-SITE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
The PSCL and its Environment of 5km radius as its Impact area is under continuous and or
periodical monitoring for all environmental attributes.
The Jetty administration is committed to conduct the Environmental survey by their own
initiatives. Laboratory (but necessarily MoEF &CC or NABL approved) so that they can validate
their own test results and can log data for statutory purposes.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 6.1. SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING: ON-SITE *
Frequency of
Sl.No. VECs Parameters of Analysis Sampling stations
monitoring
5 Numbers
Air
(1- Upwind
1 (Ambient Air quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO, NH3 Once in Season
2- Downwind
monitoring )
2- Cross Wind)
a) pH, TDS, TSS, Nitrates (Surface sources)

2 (Surface sources)
2 Water b) pH, TDS, TSS, Nitrates Sulphates, Heavy Once in a Season
3 (Sub-surface sources)
metals Hardness (Sub-surface sources)
1)Raw sewage (2) Treated Sewage

3 Wastewater pH, BOD5, COD, TDS, TSS Once in a Season
from STP
5 Numbers
4 Soil Acidity / Alkalinity, organic matter Once in a Season (be changed as per professional
advice and state PCB)
5 Numbers (be changed as per

5 Noise Ambient Noise-day time/Night time Once in a Season
professional advice and state PCB)
*Subjected to the conditions of CRZ Clearance from MoEF&CC also conditions of Consent Orders from TNPCB

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The offsite environmental monitoring of the project shall be carried out in the impact area
which is 5Km radius around the location. The PSCL Administration shall have annual review on
its compliance
The schedule of environmental monitoring for Off-site is presented in Table 6.2.
6.4. PSCL-ADHOC ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY
An in-house ad-hoc laboratory for environmental monitoring for project location is not
feasible.
PSCL shall team up with TNPCB in availing the services of the external laboratory to conduct
the Environmental Monitoring.
The coastal processes which are controlled by Wave and Tide shall also be monitored with
suitable instruments.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 6.2. SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING: OFF-SITE ENVIRON*
Sl.No. Environmental Attributes Parameters of Analysis Frequency of monitoring Sampling stations
Air
Wind speed, Wind direction, Once in a season
a) Micrometeorology
Temperature, humidity and Rainfall
1 (1- Upwind 2- Downwind
2- Cross Wind)
M10, PM2.5,SO2, NOX, and NH3 Once in a season
b) Ambient Air quality
a) pH, TDS, SSS, Nitrates (Surface
sources) Once in a month 2 (Surface sources)
2 Water environment b) pH, TDS, TSS, Nitrates sulphates,
Heavy metals Hardness (Sub- Once in a month 3 (Sub-surface sources)
surface sources)
5 Numbers
3 Soil Acidity / Alkalinity, organic matter Once in a season
5 Numbers
4 Noise Ambient Noise-day time/Night time Once in a month
Once in a season
5 Marine Biology Flora/Fauna Project location
*Subjected to the conditions of CRZ Clearance from MoEF&CC also conditions of Consent Orders from TNPCB

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – VII
Additional Studies

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
VII. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1. GENERAL
The proposed construction of Jetty is only capacity and value addition to already existing ferry
services for passengers travelling land to coastal memorials of Vivekananda Rock and
Thiruvalluvar Statue in Kanyakumari.
Although, the distance of travel by ferry or boat is only 300m, considering the coastal
sensitivity and of the location which is closer to the confluence area of Bay of Bengal, Indian
Ocean and Arabic Ocean, specific additional study conducted for the marine biodiversity of the
project location.
The coast encompasses a diverse range of features including beach terraces, low cliffs, sandy
beaches, dunes, rocky shores, estuaries, wetlands and forests. However, the coast along the
study area is a mix of rocky shores and sand beaches.
Kanyakumari coast is dominated by tides and surface currents flow, which are influenced by
the seasonal reversal wind pattern. Flows around this coastal water have been
evidenced small scale cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies ranged from ∼55 to 120 km in
diameter. The cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies are mostly appeared in near Kanyakumari and
SE coast of Kerala due to local/ remotely generated forces.
Marine studies were conducted on two different periods (during April-May,2018) for the
evaluation of marine due diligence, as presented in Chapter-IV and such studies were
interpreted to evaluate the specifics of biodiversity and likely impacts on it due to proposed
project activities, mainly the establishment of additional Jetty space and Groyne.
The Kanyakumari coastline in the Gulf of Mannar has significant amounts of monazite,
ilmenite, rutile and garnet and a small amount of zircon and sillimanite. These minerals are
found as placer deposits. However, the project impact area is free from this mineral rich
coastline.
The coast has a wide range of wild flora and fauna. More than 200 species of marine fishes
have been recorded in the coastal region of Kanyakumari District, which includes skates, rays,

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
sharks, sardine, mackerel etc. Apart from fishes, different species of prawns, lobsters, crabs,
bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods and turtles are seen along Kanyakumari coast. The southern
parts of the coast are sandy beaches with beach sands containing heavy minerals on the
eastern and western sides of Kanyakumari. Garnet, Ilmenite, Monazite, Thorium and Gypsum
are the main mineral resources of this coast.
7.2. MARINE BIODIVERSITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The coastal ecosystem of this District comprises 68 Km in length and is studded with 44 coastal
fishing villages. Kanyakumari is southern end of Gulf of Mannar (GoM). However, it is not in
the notified Biosphere Reserve nor in the Marine National Park of the GoM. Nevertheless, the
marine sensitivity exists in the Kanyakumari Coasts as the fishing activity brings the species of
importance from the reserve area of the Tuticorin Coast to Kanyakumari.
Kanyakumari coast, especially the project impact area which is considered as Impact study
area of the project has been surveyed to have marine sensitivity.
Although, the Kanyakumari coast is not rich in coral reef or sea grass, it has marine fauna and
flora. The region between Tuticorin and Kanyakumari has extensive pearl banks.
MARINE ECOLOGY
The ecological enigma of the Kanyakumari coast is the urban pollution. It is evident from the
fact that large number of species phytoplankton is identified in the nearby Manakudi estuary,
which is well away from the impact study area. However, the coastline nearer to study area
has been identified with macro algae, abundantly.
Large variety of fishes, with seasonal variation has been reported from the coastline of the
study area of Kanyakumari.
CURIO TRADE
The trade of marine ornamental mollusks and corals, along with other hard bodied marine
vertebrates and invertebrates as curios, is becoming a major source of income for many of the
coastal communities. Though Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 is much in force, marine
fauna, such as sea shells, corals and sea horses are often illegally collected from their natural
environment and are traded as marine curiosities, in Kanyakumari District

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Although the project location has no marine sensitivity for marine fauna, the likely increase in
tourism due to the proposed project activities, the curio trade is likely to grow, as Kanyakumari
is reported to have an alarming number of protected species being traded through huge
number of marine curio shops. 15 species of legally protected mollusks, 10 species of corals
and one sea horse species were found, along with other non-protected marine taxa in curio
trade.
Species protected through Schedule I were often highly priced than those under Schedule IV.
The information from published reports it is clear that protected marine species are an integral
part in the growing marine curio business. High market demand in the post project scenario of
increased tourism, coupled with a lack of awareness and an inadequate enforcement of legal
systems were found to be major driving forces for the illegal marine curio trade. Awareness
campaigns, along with a promotion of viable and alternate sources of income for seashell /
coral collectors and strengthening of law enforcement may curtail the illegal marine curio
trade.
Species in curio trade
The curio stalls offered 15 protected mollusk species, 10 coral genera and one species of sea
horse. Protected mollusks were mainly gastropods (11 species), followed by bivalves (3
Species) and cephalopods (1 species). Not all curio traders offered the same species. The most
Common species of mollusks available were Pleuroploca trapezium (195 shops), Cassis cornuta
(113 shops), Cypraecassis rufa (91 shops), Trochus niloticus (64 shops), Lambis chiragra (47
shops), Nautilus pompilius (43 shops), Lambis crocata and Lambis truncata (30 shops). Among
Corals, Acropora spp. (49 shops), Pocillopora spp. (36 shops), Turbinaria crater (43 shops) and
Platygyra spp. (22 shops) were dominant. All the corals sold were either in full structure or part
of other curio artifacts. Generally, massive corals, such as Favia, Platygyra and branching forms,
such as Acropora and Pocillopora, were traded as a whole, to decorate the aquariums /fish
tanks. Broken pieces of branching forms were fixed on mollusk shells, to create fancy artifacts.
The dependency on marine resources has gone beyond fulfilling the daily needs and crept into
exploiting it beyond healthier fractions thereby endangering these resources critically affecting
the marine ecosystem. The study reveals that legally protected marine species are exploited
in alarming amounts and traded as curios across coastal tourist and pilgrim centers of Tamil
Nadu. High market demand coupled with lack of awareness and inadequate enforcement is

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the major driving force for illegal marine curio trade. Necessary laws should be enforced by the
wildlife/forest officials, along with educational and awareness programs and also promoting
alternate resource of livelihood for seashell/coral collectors can curb the illegal marine curio
trade.
The Curio trade is stated very alarming in Kanyakumari in several publications from the funded
research by National Institute for Coastal and Marine Biodiversity (NICMB), Kanyakumari
which is a satellite Centre of Wildlife Institute of India as an initiative of MoEF&CC.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – VIII
Project Benifits

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
VIII. PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1. GENERAL
The proposed extension of the existing jetty further by additional length of 100m will enable
PSCL to operate 4-5 ferry to provide comfort and safety to the tourists, visiting the memorials
at Kanyakumari.
The project which is planned to be implemented by TNMB will address the people of the
project location comprehensively to promote tourism further in Kanyakumari. Eventually,
people of the project location, including fishermen community stand to be benefitted.
The proposed project activity which is intended to increase the inflow of tourist will sensitize
the state and district administration and other nodal agencies of the government like PWD,
Highways, TNPCB, etc., to become more active in ensuring the requirements of the project
location with respect to infrastructures towards better roads, water supply, environmental
management, etc.
The proposed project activities are assessed to make a strong net positive impact on the
exchequer of Kanyakumari district administration by enhancing the tourism sector in the state.
8.2. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES
The proposed Jetty extension will have another important, complementing coastal
intervention, Groyne, which will improve the present status of the coastline and prevent
coastal vulnerabilities like wave action, erosion, etc., and will facilitate a stable coastline in the
project location.
There are two physical infrastructures viz., additional Jetty for 100m to extend the existing
jetty to 137m and a Groyne for 140m to provide stability to Jetty and as well the coastline of
the project location.
The jetty will enable PSCL to operate 2-3 more boats and the post project scenario will see 4-5
boats will be providing ferry services to tourisms which will eventually the financial strength of
TNMB and PSCL and will enable them for effective implementation of Corporate Social Plan
and Corporate Environment Plan to the befit of the project location.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Government of Tamilnadu can further enhance its value of tourism which will eventually make
government facilities like roads, power lines, water supply, drainage and solid waste
management. Such facilities will also address the people around the project location.
8.3. SOCIAL INFRASTUCTURES
The proposed construction of groyne will absolve the fear of eroding shoreline which will
provide confidence among the minds of the peoples. The fear among the fishermen
community on the likely interference in their fishing activities is need not be worried upon as
no activities of TNMB will have interruption to fishing activities, as in the present situation.
The traffic of boats towards fishing has their dedicated navigational systems operated by
TNMB. Both TNMB and PSCL are committed to do every possible associated activity to
enhance the social infrastructures of the local community.
PSCL will accommodate the educated local youths for possible employments. TNMB will devise
an exclusive Corporate Social Responsibility plan and exclusive Corporate Environment Plan to
improve upon the social infrastructures and progressively contribute to the social growth of
the fishermen community around the project location.
8.4. TOURISM
Tourism is the biggest industry of importance to Kanyakumari as it receives good revenue and
in the map of International tourist spot. The scenic coastal areas and its geologically location
are the specific advantages for international tourists.
PSCL, will enable atleast 15,000 numbers of domestic and foreign travelers and whose brief
stay to enjoy Kanyakumari will bring in revenue to state, directly and as well through indirect
sectors like hotels and travels.
The state Department of Tourism will also get into the activities because of the proposed
activities in long run it may receive large cruises which will make tourism of Tamilnadu to take
much brighter growth.
The cruise operations are likely to see light in the state which can go and come to other
destinations in Kerala.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
8.5. EMPLOYMENT
PSCL will improve the employment potential directly in its activities of facility management,
boat maintenance, etc., and will also indirectly enable the community to have alternative
earnings through opportunities of hotels, travels, etc., by the tourists.
8.6. TNMB – GROWTH POTENTIALS
TNMB has compelling reasons to promote environmentally compatible activities in its coastal
stretches so as to enhance its operational capability and improve upon its efficiency to use its
water spread area.
In the demanding situations to promote sea route tourism, TNMB requires to take alternative
ways of effective operation of the its assets of water spread area and the proposed activity has
become important in their growth plan.
8.7. NATIONAL GROWTH
The ingress of more International tourist will have other extended and spilling effect in the
other states like Kerala and Karnataka with more tourism related activities like hotels, travels,
etc,.
TNMB is expected to be trend setter in this direction with atleast five boats to provide ferry
services in the project location. The experience gained over this project will shortly make
Union Government for special policies for coastal tourism.
Tourism is one industry will also directly promote more employment opportunities and thus
PSCL will pave way in a newer direction for national development in the coastal tourism.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – IX
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
IX. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.1. GENERAL
The proposed project location is having economic activities predominantly on two accounts
viz., Tourism and Fishery. PSCL is operating the ferry services with three boats to enable the
tourists to visit Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Thiruvalluvar statue. The ferry services enable
around 8000-10000 peoples to visit these coastal memorials. The location also enable fishing
community to have 10-25T of marine fish per annum.
The project location has urban like activities with more number of hotels and shopping for
tourists including curio trade. The money flow in the project location is comparatively very
high for a place like this in Tamilnadu.
The use of coastal resources for operating such ferry services require additional care and
application and approval of several protocols and procedures. PSCL is flawlessly carrying out
the operations in the last two decades and more. PSCL has circumvented compulsion to
envisage a comprehensive financial landscape to have a net positive Environmental Cost
Benefit initiatives and optimal use of natural resources.
TNMB and PSCL are committed to comply with the Central and State Government Guidelines,
Acts and Notifications on environmental management. The Environmental cost benefit
analysis, anyhow, carried out conceptually to sustain the superior environmental results at a
lower overall cost to society to reap the benefits.
The proposed extension of Jetty to facilitate more tourists with less foot print of resources is
aimed to have better relation between the prevailing coastal environment and the aimed
revenues for PSCL. However, the CBA assessment is not easy just on the basis of money value
or expenditure and income. Rather, it was conceptually evolved to ensure better
environmental quality with available environment –friendly technologies. The cost on Clean
Technologies will get offset with return on Better produces.
PSCL as it was already explained is a green-blue coastal business initiative as part of

Government Initiatives for the promotion of coastal tourism and will be a net positive project
on any account of CBA.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
9.2. COST OF ACTION Vs COST OF BENEFIT

The available land and water spread area under the command of PSCL is being optimized with
the proposed extension of the existing to jetty to facilitate increased number of tourists, as
high as 15 000 as an average per day. The environmental value of the ferry services get
enhanced as PSCL will not have any cargo Handling and the jetty is only meant for passenger
travel.
The project cost of budgetary estimate at INR 20 Crores is highly justifiable from the expected
revenues to the PSCL. There will also a significantly indirect benefit in terms of enhanced
tourism which will eventually benefit State of Tamilnadu and country as whole.
9.3. ECONOMIC VALUE OF ECOSYSTEM
The likely physical changes in coastal ecology are assessed for minimum and non-disruptive in
its characteristics to the prevailing coastal conditions by Numerical Modeling tools.
Nevertheless, the changed coastal behavior and response shall be economically valued.
The Index of Total Economic Value (TEV) is only conceptual and for such coastal environment
it will remain as a “myth”. The vast extent of coastal land and water spread within the break
waters which is valued very high as such sea front developed areas are almost have become
precious in Tamilnadu.
The location, although in TNMB waters, it is used historically by PSCL for operating the ferry
services. There is no any National Park and Bio Reserve in the distance of influence.
The Coastal and natural resources have been assessed and qualified in the Environmental due
diligence and Coastal modeling for the project location, which are presented in Chapter –IV
and VII are the base data for arriving the TEV.
The elaborate work on CBA is elusive and not in the scope of the present study as it is
important to assess the complex account of coastal environment and maritime activities of
coastal tourism through the proposed extension of Jetty.
9.4. VALUING HEALTH AND LIFE
The value index of the health of people around the project location is governed by “Value of a
Statistical Life” (VoSL). The transfer of VoSL from the non-environmental context to
environmental context is an issue to be resolved.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The baseline data observed in EBM suggests that community in the project impact map is free
from any kind of specific diseases, pertaining to any exclusive source of pollution, although
PSCL is historic in the location. The health records found in the Primary Health Center (PHC)
are not suggesting any localized disease or any common health disparity.
Age is very relevant for valuing future health risks. So, the impact value on children and
bringing into the domain of CBA is more important, with a default position being to use the
adult valuations of “Own” life risks for the risks faced by children.
9.5. CBA-PROJECT ESTABLISHMENT
The data on coastal and Environmental profile of the proposed project location, CBA can be
evaluated in the terms of application.
The cost on the construction of proposed Jetty extension has got justified with enhanced
tourism objectives and the values of Tourism and supported industries like Hotels and Travels.
TNMB and PSCL are committed to evaluate a detailed Cost Benefit Analysis to sustain the
demands for maritime transport.
Anyhow, as stated earlier, PSCL will operate exclusive Environmental Policies and Programs on
the basis of CBA only. Rather, it will do so on the basis of statutory requirements and Socio
Economic development of the Project location.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – X
Environmental Management Plan

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1. GENERAL
An exclusive Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is envisaged with a comprehensive

framework of action plan for the proposed Capacity Expansion of the ferry services by
extending further the Jetty by another 100m to ensure sustainable operations of the ferry
services with more numbers of boats. PSCL is intended to establish a Groyne to provide
structural stability and safety from the likely erosion.
The EMP is devised for three different phases of the proposed implementation of the project
on the Extension of Jetty, viz.,
 Planning and Designing Phase

 Establishment and Construction Phase
 Operation and Maintenance Phase
Requisite EMP framework shall be in force, right from site earmarking and development.
Perhaps, the course of activities shall continue for ensuring the sustainable performance of the
jetty to provide berthing space for the passenger boats and support infrastructure of a groyne.
The Boat Parking Berths and ancillary infrastructures like Water, Wastewater and Solid waste
management facilities do require monitoring and maintenance for the required Environmental
Performance.
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) is the environmental Policies and programs for
TNMN Administration, being the project implementation agency, along with required
coordination of PSCL. This will have necessary Corporate Environment Plan for monitoring of
the natural resources.
Coastal studies, environmental due - diligence, Site development, Technology alternatives for
construction jetty and groyne activities is defined for the development of the proposed project
as value addition to the existing activities and within its notified boundaries.
10.2. EMP - PLANNING AND DESIGNING PHASE

The proposed extension of jetty for boat parking Berths and a Groyne shall be planned for its
marine sensitivity, regulated and compatible coastal conditions, pollution control and
monitoring systems and navigational requirements.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The establishment activities of these structures shall be compatible to the marine sensitive
shore conditions and people around. The existing Jetty and operating Berth with enroutes of
ferry services are primary important in sizing the extent of project.
EMS is framed to explicit environmental policy with environmental performance objectives for
these structures for their sustainable operation.
10.2.1. Evaluation of Coastal Processes- Sediment Dynamics
The Coastal physical features like its zone classification, as defined under CRZ Notification,
2011 have been contemplated through extensive field survey for bathymetry and soil
conditions.
The CRZ Mapping was also carried out and drawn from Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna
University.
The Wave and Wind data were collected as long term data and modeled by IIT-M for Wave
Climate and Coastal processes like Sediment Transport. The Sediment dynamics were studied
through Models for the purpose of project implementation and post project monitoring.
10.2.2. Siting
TNMB has identified the proposed project location and planned it with the technical support
from IIT-M for the extension of Jetty with a Groyne, based on a very extensive marine survey.
As only the existing Jetty needs to be extended, there is no scope for evaluating alternate sites.
It is the existing operations, shoreline, approach lines, enroutes and the prevailing activities,
based on which the proposed layout was finalized.
The location was evaluated for the following:

1. Existing Jetty
2. Shoreline conditions
3. Soil Characteristics
4. Marine Sensitivity
5. Draft
6. Requirement of Dredging
7. Economics of Establishment
The proposed layout is scoped as best as it is well suited to existing jetty and technically
feasible to have a Groyne.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
10.2.3. Consultative Process
The TNMB with required permissions of Ministry and after several site specific studies
proposed the project of extension of jetty.
10.2.4. Planning Guidelines
Several Guidance Documents and Expert Group opinions were considered to study the
feasibility of the proposed extension of jetty. In the view point of getting the requisite
approval, CRZ Notification 2019 is the important planning guidelines.
TNMB also considered the following documents to address the Environmental studies and
documentation for the proposed Project.
 MoEF EIA Guidance Manual of MoEF/GoI for Ports & Harbors
 Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Port Development
10.3. EMP-ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The establishment and construction of Jetty (Extension) and a Groyne involves very elaborated
works at site viz.,
 Site earmarking of Layout
 Draft
 Landside Infrastructures
 Navigational and other Logistics
10.3.1. Site Cleaning
The existing coastal and social profile should not be disturbed. Any disturbance made to it,
should be compensated for more amount of the same marine profile, as per the
recommendations of MoEF&CC.
10.3.2. GPS Positioning
The project location was surveyed for its project components viz., Jetty and Groyne.
Tables 10.1 give an outline of Environmental Management Plan for Marine environment
during construction, Tables 10.2 for Environmental Management Plan for Terrestrial
environment during construction and Tables 10.3 show the details of Environmental
Monitoring Programme for Marine environment during construction.
PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 10.1 MARINE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
Monitoring / Control /
Sl.No. Activity Mitigation
Remedial
1. Jetty & Groyne: Ecologically Take utmost care to avoid Regular monitoring to
sensitive habitats such as spillages of construction maintain the acceptable
flora and fauna materials and limit of all parameters.
discard/discharge of waste
debris
2. Jetty & Groyne: Marine Take utmost care not to Regular monitoring to
Mammals, birds and other disturb the migratory path of maintain the acceptable
animals mammals and minimize the limit and vigil through
lethal disturbance to the dedicated marine
environment especially in biologist onboard
noise level
3. Jetty & Groyne: Fish and Avoid discharges/disposal of Regular fish population
Fisheries debris/waste. No disturbance monitoring, including fish
to fishes and fisheries catch monitoring
4. Jetty & Groyne: Seabed and The disturbance to the benthic Regular monitoring and
Benthic Organism organisms is temporary as it the parameters has to be
would be revived in a shorter maintained within the
period during construction. permissible level by CPCB
The turbidity would be high,
but not lethal to the organisms
because of maintenance of
safe level
5. Transportation/ No possibility of Regular monitoring and
Conveyance, spillage of sedimentation as it is the parameters has to be
construction materials proposed for reclaiming the maintained within the
land from the shoreline area permitted level by CPCB
6. Discharge of effluent, waste Ferry boats should comply The TNMB authority
oil, grease and sewage MARPOL convention and other (Chief Engineer) would
regulations. monitor and control the
Boats will not be allowed to activity. Regular visit by
discharge waste into sea authorities to the
construction site. Strict
vigil by environmental
monitoring team

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 10.2 TERRESTRIAL BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS - ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
Environment Activity Mitigation
Terrestrial Biological Construction and other Air Pollution Prevention approach and
Environment activities Dust Control measures would be
adopted to minimize impact on flora
and fauna. Operation of high noise
producing equipment will be avoided
during night-time to avoid impact on
fauna including human beings in the
vicinity of the project site
Increase green belts around and within

site as possible. This will improve site
ecology and soil quality and benefit
from green belt effects with relation to
decreasing air pollution and noise
pollution
Transportation of raw Vehicles, heavy equipment, and

materials machinery need be regularly
maintained to keep noise levels at
minimum. Construction vehicles and
area will be regularly inspected and
maintained to ensure that they are
properly muffled and noisy construction
activities will be limited, where
practical, to normal working hours
Regular inspection of equipment and

vehicles

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
TABLE 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMMES DURING CONSTRUCTION

PERIOD
Description of Location /
Sl.No. Parameters Frequency
the Work Sampling sites
1. Marine Water Physical: Temperature, Fortnight - Two Construction Site:

Quality Salinity, pH, EC, times (High tide 3 locations with
Turbidity and TSS and Low tide) 500 m interval
Chemical: Reclamation site: 3
DO, BOD, COD, Oil & locations with 500
Grease, Alkalinity, m interval
Nitrate , Phosphate,
and Silicate
Heavy Metals:
Cu, Fe, Ni, Hg, Cr, As, Pb,

Zn and Co
Biological:
Phytoplankton,
Zooplankton,
Chlorophyll a and b,
biomass and primary
productivity
Fish Eggs & Larvae
Bacteriological:
Total Coliforms, Fecal

Coliforms and Microbial
diversity

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
2. Marine Sediment Physical & Chemical: pH, Fortnight construction Site: 3

Quality Organic Matter, nutrients locations with 500 m
and Oil & Grease interval
Heavy Metals:
Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Hg, Zn,

Pb, As, Se and Cu
Biological:
Macro & Meo Benthic

Flora and Fauna
Bacteriological:
Total Coliforms, Fecal

Coliforms and Microbial
diversity
3. Ecologically Coral reefs: Fortnight construction Site: 3

Sensitive Habitats Physical (Temperature; locations with 500 m
Monitoring - Coral Salinity; pH; Nutrients; interval
Reefs, Seagrass Turbidity; Total
Beds and Suspended Solids (TSS), &
Mangroves Sedimentation) and
biological parameters (%
of coral cover, coral
recruits, size class, fish
population, coral disease,
bleaching, stress & mucus
and sedimentation):
Seagrass beds:
Physical (Temperature;
Salinity; pH; Nutrients;

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
Turbidity; TSS; and

Sedimentation) and
Biological (Species
composition, size
structure, shoot density,
cover, fish population and
epiphytes)
Mangroves:
Physical (Physical
(Temperature; Salinity;
pH; Nutrients; Turbidity;
TSS; and Sedimentation)
and Biological (Cover, fish
juveniles, size structure)
4. Migratory Movement and sightings Every day Around

mammals construction
Monitoring areas
5. Ambient Air PM2.5, PM 10, SO2, NOX, Weekly Construction

Quality CO, HC sites– 3
Monitoring locations
6. Noise Level dB(A) Scale Weekly and construction site

Monitoring whenever – 3 locations
blasting takes
place

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
10.4. EMP - OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE
The PSCL will have very elaborate program of schedule and plan of actions for a detailed EMP,
for the monitoring and augmentation phase, in consultation with TNMB.
The monitoring and maintenance of these structures will be on annual basis.
The EMP for Jetty will, anyhow, largely for
 Collection of data on Wind/Wave
 Collection of data on Coastal processes like Cyclone, sea level rise, etc,.
 Boats/Ferry
 Maintenance of Boats/Ferry
 Environmental Monitoring
 Monitoring of Marine life and biodiversity
10.4.1. Collection of data on Wind/Wave
The Data on Wind and Wave may continuously be documented by collection from IMD or
UKMO sources.
10.4.2. Collection of data on Coastal Processes
PSCL can record data from IMD on coastal extremes like Cyclone, Storm surges, etc., in the
project location on annual basis.
These data are required to develop the future augmentation of the facilities. The wave and
swell conditions in the two different monsoons are continually be monitored for assessing the
shoreline sustainability.
10.4.3. Boats/Ferries
The proposed jetty extension with a Groyne is envisaged to facilitate birthing of 3-5 passenger
boats. The Jetty is designed to provide 137m length with 8.00 m width, with space to
accommodate 3-5 boats at a time.
The safe movements of the boats into and towards the memorials planned by PSCL. The ferry
traffic management plan will ensure a safe boating environment for all users, manage traffic
flows and enforce traffic regulations.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
10.5. ENVIRONMENTAL CELL
An exclusive set up of executives and a team of skilled peoples will be formed as core active
group as Environmental Cell.
The cell will have a head with approvals for financial allocation, and responsibility drawn.
The cell will evaluate the EMP on annual basis and will envisage a budgetary allocation to
implement from PSCL administration.
The Cell shall have Executives from TNMB also in it. The Protocol of Environmental Cell is
The Environmental Cell will be responsible to frame Corporate Environment Plan with
exclusive annual budget for implementation.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
CHAPTER – XI
Summary & Conclusion

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
XI. SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
11.1. GENERAL
Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Limited (PSCL) is operating a passenger Ferry terminal with
Jetty and three numbers of boats to facilitate the visit of tourist to the coastal memorials of
Vivekananda Rock and Thiruvalluvar statue. With increased flow of the tourists, the ferry
services are often inadequate and tourists are made to wait in long ques to board the ferries at
the existing Jetty which is only 37m. The existing jetty can accommodate only one boat at
time.
PSCL is under tremendous pressure to increase the number of boats and augment the ferry
services to provide comfort and coastal safety. PSCL by a directive of Government of
Tamilnadu entrusted the augmentation of the existing jetty to Tamilnadu Maritime Board
(TNMB).
TNMB availed the services of Department of Coastal Engineering, Indian Institute of

Technology-Madras for preparing feasibility studies and design of the facility. IIT-M is
envisaged the augmentation of the ferry services with the proposed project which has two
structural components viz., extension of the existing Jetty by another 100m and a Groyne for
140m to provide structural stability and safety against the coastal vulnerabilities including
erosion and wave action.
TNMB availed the services of Centre for Environment, Health & Safety, Annamalai University
towards preparing Environmental Impact assessment reports and obtaining the mandatory
CRZ Clearance under CRZ Notification, 2019.
11.2. PASSENGER TERMINAL- PSCL
The proposed project is only upgrading the existing and operating passenger ferry services of
PSCL to serve enhanced number of tourists from an average of 8000 to 15000 per day.
The proposed project is envisaged to extend the existing Jetty which is only 37.00m now, by
another 100.00 m length and maintaining the same existing width of 8.00m to facilitate
berthing of 3-4 boats at a time. The proposed project has been designed to incorporate a
Groyne of 140.00m to safeguard the Jetty with respect to coastal safety and erosion.

PASSENGER JETTY
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the counter.
Indian Port Association (IPA) has taken up steps to resolve the issue by extending the
passenger jetty at Vivekananda Rock so that two more vessels can be berthed thereby
increasing the number of ferry services and thus making more facilities for the people to visit
the Vivekananda rock without much waiting time.
There is no requirement for dredging as the required draft of 4-5m is very much available by
nature in the project location. The proposed project of Jetty extension with a Groyne will
facilitate easy movement of boats and can serve more than 15000 tourists per day with safety.
The proposed project is assessed for a budgetary estimate of INR 20 Crores.
11.3. SUMMARY
11.3.1. Environmental Due Diligence
The AAQM for all the measured parameters were observed less than the respective
permissible limits. The increased ferry services will eventually result in marginal increase with
respect to particulates and NOx values in the ambient air shed of the project location.
However, they will be diluted in the windy coastal airshed.
The water quality has no significant variation or having any objectionable contaminants. The
water and sediment analysis represents a typical coastal alluvial and estuarine complex.
The Soil is by nature sand complex which is largely coastal alluvial and remains without any
contamination. The Noise levels in all the observatory stations are observed to be well within
the permissible values for both Day and Night.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
The human environment is largely coastal dependent for fisheries or tourism oriented. The fast
changing urban face of Kanyakumari has its profound impact in all the attributes of
environment.
There is no Marine Protective Area (MPA) or any notified Marine Biosphere in the project
impact area of 5 Km radius.
The project location has direct access to existing roads which can be aligned and widened
properly to the project location further to serve increased traffic and to ease the
transportation.
11.3.2. Passenger Jetty & Groyne
The proposed extension of Jetty by another 100m will provide 137m in the post project
scenario which will enable PSCL to operate 5 Vessels optimally without any waste of time, as
the proposed additional length of Passenger Jetty to manage 3 Vessels at a time.
As a measure of structural stability and safety against the coastal vulnerabilities, a Groyne of
140 m is also proposed as integral part of the project.
The proposed Extension of passenger jetty is envisaged to facilitate the expected ingress of the
tourist to 25,000 by 2020.
The studies on Coastal processes and physical design of Jetty and Groyne were done in line
with Standard Practises by IIT-M.
11.3.3. Water
The water requirement will be met on the landside infrastructure of PSCL and as the supply is
only for drinking purposes for the tourists is not have any impact in the assessment of the
proposed project activity.
The waste water generation from the entire source is assessed for 5 KLD and it will be
disposed safely through the existing Septic tank and Soak pit.
11.3.4. Solid waste Management
Domestic Solid waste generated from the brief stay will be collected and transferred to the
approved Municipal Solid Waste Management facility of Kanyakumari.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
11.3.5. EMP Cost
The annual EMP Cost is assessed for INR 10lakhs for the operation and maintenance of ferry
services. Additional INR I lakh will be exclusively spent on upkeep of green belt development.
11.3.6. Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Monitoring will be carried out to assess and monitor the status, as per the
mandates of TNPCB..
11.3.7. Corporate Social Responsibility Plan
TNMB will enable the local fishermen community to get into alternate ways of making their
earnings. The educated youth will be preferred by PSCL suitably for employment.
PSCL will have formulated a coordinated plan of action with the district administration in up
keeping the Coastal waters and Marine Biodiversity.
An annual budget of about INR 10 lakhs will be made available to undertake such social
requirements like conducting Health Camps, support for education and alternative
employment to the local community.
11.3.8. Environmental Management Plan
SPCL will go in adherence to mandate conditions in the consent orders from TNPCB and also
conditions, if any in the CRZ Clearance to upkeep the overall impact area of about 100Km
radius of the project location.
Project specific Environmental facilities like water, wastewater, solid waste, etc., will be
managed as per the recommendations of Consent Order for project operation by TNPCB.
The marine environment will be preserved and protected from any discharge or discard from
the proposed activities. The shoreline conditions will be continuously monitored and regulated
for any changes through strategic planning.
An exclusive Environmental Cell under the Chief Executive of the PSCL will be in place with
requisite funding and manpower. PSCL will manage the ambient environment with required
approvals of statutory bodies for the sustainable development of the project location.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
11.4. CONCLUSION
PSCL is committed to implement a well devised Corporate Environmental Responsibility Plan

to upkeep the coastal environment while serving with a Jetty to facilitate boat parking and
additional infrastructure of Groyne to provide structural stability to the Jetty.
PSCL is committed to develop and honor Environmental Policies and Programs with its
coordinated activities with TNMB.
PSCL will address all requirements for ISO 14 000 for Environmental Management Systems to
ensure safe and environment friendly operations in the Passenger Jetty with ferry services for
the comfort and safety of tourists, eventually to develop tourism further in the project location
of Kanyakumari.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
EIA Consultant

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
EIA CONSULTANTS
CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY

ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
ANNAMALAI NAGAR – 608 002

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
EIA Co-ordinators
Dr. V. Nehru Kumar, B.E., M.E., Ph.D

Professor & Director,
Centre for Environment, Health and Safety,
Annamalai University.

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT
FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS
Water : Dr. S. Poongothai, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Professor of Civil Engineering
Wastewater : Dr.B. Asha, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering
Air Pollution Control : Dr.V.Nehru Kumar, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Professor & Director of
Centre for Environment, Health and Safety
Air, Micro meteorology and Modelling : Dr. S. Palanivelraja, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,
Professor of Environmental Engineering
Solidwaste : Dr. V.Nehru Kumar, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Professor & Director of
Centre for Environment, Health and Safety
Risk Assessment : Dr. K. Saravannan, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Professor of Chemical Engineering
Land Use and SolidWaste : Dr. K. Balaji, B.E., M.E., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering
Soil and Geological Survey : Dr. G.R. Senthil Kumar, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of Earth Sciences
Biological Survey : Dr. M. Gomathinayagam, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Botany
: Dr. C.Elanchezhiayan, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Zoology
Ecology
: Dr. V. Imayavaramban, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.,
Professor of Agriculture
Socio –Economic Survey : Dr. B. Mathavan, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Professor of Economics
Environmental Survey : Vimta Labs Limited

Hyderabad

PASSENGER JETTY
EXTENSION PROJECT


Eia For Boat Jetty KK

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PASSENGER JETTY

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Table 1: Limits of Project Location

FIG. 1. PORT LIMITS OF KANYAKUMARI

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3. EXTENSION OF PASSENGER JETTY- The Project

The proposed project will have the components as listed in Table. 2.

Sl.No Project Components

1 Extension of Passenger Jetty 100.00X 8.00m

The location of the proposed project Map is presented in Fig.2.

The proposed project is assessed for a budgetary estimate of INR 20 Crores.

The Environmental Impact studies were supported by Indian Institute of Technology-Madras

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5. EIA FRAME WORK

A Comprehensive Environmental Management Plan is devised and provided for

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6. ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE

6.1. Ambient Environment

6.4. Noise & Vibration

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6.5. Socio Economics

6.6. Biological Environment

6.6a. Terrestrial Environment

There is a significant and typical terrestrial environmental attributes linked to coastal

6.6b. Marine Environment

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

7.1. Ambient Environment

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7.2. Water & Wastewater

There is no requirement of water and so no generation of wastewater from the proposed

7.3. Soil and Solid waste

7.4. Noise & Vibration

7.5. Socio Economics

7.6. Biological Environment

7.6a. Terrestrial Environment

7.6b. Marine Environment

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1. Ambient Environment

8.2. Water & Wastewater

8.3. Solid Waste

8.4. Socio Economics

TNMB will have a coordinated schedule of activities so that no physical interference to

8.5. Biological Environment

8.5.1. Terrestrial Environment

8.5.2. Marine Environment

8.6. Traffic Management

8.7. Parking Facility

8.8. Storm Water Drainage Systems

There is no requirement for Storm water drainage.

8.9. Rain Water Harvesting Structures

8.10. Green Belt Development

9. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PLAN

10. ENVIRONMENTAL CELL

The Protocol of the proposed Environmental Cell is presented in Fig.4.

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