Problems of Gas Turbine Engine 2

Problem No.1: The shown block diagram illustrated in Fig 1 represents a single-spool
mixed afterburning turbofan engine flying at altitude 24,000 ft and Mach number 1.8.
The fan pressure ratio and mass flow rate are 1.8 and 90 kg/s, respectively.
Compressor pressure ratio and mass flow rate are 8.0 and 45 kg/s. Tubine inlet
temperature and maximum engine temperature are 1500 K and 2600 K. Fuel heating
value is 45,000 kJ/kg. Nozzle is of the convergent–divergent type.

Figure 1. Block diagram for a single-spool mixed afterburning turbofan engine.

No pressure drop is assumed in combustor, mixer, or afterburner. All other
processes are assumed ideal. It is required to:
1. Draw a schematic diagram for engine showing different states
2. Plot T-s diagram for the cycle
3. Calculate bypass ratio
4. Calculate fuel-to-air ratios in combustor and afterburner
5. Calculate the thrust and thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC)

Problem No. 2: Triple-spool unmixed turbofan engine (Trent 700) is shown in Fig. 2.
Bleed air having a percentage of 8 % is taken from HP compressor to cool HP and IP
turbines as shown in Fig.3. Engine has the following data in Table 1 below:

Fig. 2. Layout of unmixed three-spool engine (Trent 700)

 Fig. 3. Layout of threespool engine and air bleed details
For takeoff operation where Mach number M=0.2 at sea level, calculate:
1. The total temperature at the outlet of the fan and intermediate- and high-
pressure compressors
2. The total temperature at the outlet of the high-, intermediate-, and low-
pressure Turbines
3. The pressure and temperature at the outlet of cold and hot nozzles
4. Specific thrust, thrust specific fuel consumption, and propulsive, thermal, and
overall efficiencies
Table 1 A triple-spool unmixed turbofan engine operating conditions (Trent 700)

Problem No.3: A high-bypass ratio (separate-exhaust) turbofan engine (Figure 4)

powers a commercial transport. At the cruise condition, the flight and engine
operating conditions are:
- M0 = 0,88; p0 = 15 kPa; T0 = −40◦C; 𝛾c = 1,4; Cpc = 1004 J∕kg.K; 𝜋d = 0,995;
𝜋f = 1,6; ef = 0,90; 𝛼 = 8,0.
Fan nozzle is convergent with:
- 𝜋fn = 0,95; 𝜋c = 40; ec = 0,90; 𝜏𝜆 = 8,0; cpt = 1152 J∕kg.K.
- 𝛾t = 1,33, QR = 42000 kJ∕kg, 𝜋b = 0,95, 𝜂b = 0,992, 𝜂m = 0,95, et = 0.85.
Primary nozzle is of convergent design and operates at 𝜋n = 0,98
Calculate
 1. Plot T-s diagram for the cycle
2. Total pressures and temperatures throughout the engine
3. Fuel-to-air ratio
4. Nozzle exit static pressure p11 and p9
5. Ratio of fan-to-core thrust
6. Nondimensional specific thrust and TSFC in mg/s/N

Figure 4 Turbo Fan high by pass ratio

Problem No.4: Figure 5 illustrates a helicopter during

hovering close to the ground. A control volume with
inlet and outlet dimensions is also shown in figure. The
total mass of the helicopter is 2000 kg. The exit static
pressure is atmospheric. Assuming the flow is a one-
dimensional, steady, and incompressible, calculate:
1. The exit velocity of air V2
2. The power of the turboshaft engine

Fig. 5 Control volume

Problem No. 5: Figure 6 illustrates Bell 206 helicopter that is powered by Allison
250-C20B turboshaft engine. Allison 250-C20 B is a two-spool turboshaft where the
gas generator is composed of a compressor driven by a gas turbine, while the power
(free) turbine drives the helicopter rotor. The engine data are as follows:
 Fig. 6 Bell 206 helicopter
 Air mass flow rate is 1 kg/s.
 Compressor pressure ratio is 6.2.
 Turbine inlet temperature is 1258 K.
 Fuel heating value is 43 MJ/kg.
 Pressure drop in combustion chamber is 4 %.
 Modules efficiencies are ηc = 0,8, ηb = 0,96, ηgt = ηpt = 0,82, ηm = 0,98.
 For a ground operation
Calculate
1. Power delivered to the helicopter rotor
2. Specific fuel consumption