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Strength of Materials - Lecture 03 - KeoNenDungTam
Strength of Materials - Lecture 03 - KeoNenDungTam
(Lecture # 3)
(c) shaft
Column - beam
Axial force
Internal force
2
N P 2P P P
stress
A A 2A A A
2
normal strain (epsilon)
L L 2L L
2017 Mai Duc Dai 10
Tensile test (thí nghiệm kéo)
E
E Youngs Modulus or
Modulus of Elasticity
Ultimate strength
Allowable stresses
Factor of safety
(Brittle materials)
For materials without a clearly defined yield stress
Concrete, wood, high-strength steel…
N z P f ( P)
A A A
1. Strength verification
2. Determine allowable load – P
3. Selection of cross sectional area – A
Nz
+ Vật liệu dẻo: z max
F max
max k
+ Vật liệu dòn:
min n
L L
Điều kiện cứng:
L L
L L
3P
C
1m P l l P
B
3m
1m P l l P Nz
B 5P z max
F max
3m
5P
d2
d
20 P
20.150
.9
10,3cm
4
A
Nz Chọn d = 10,5cm
2P
C
F2
a P l l
P qa
B
q
3a
F1
A
a P l l
P qa
B qa qa Đoạn AB
4qa 4qa 4.15.1
F1 7,5cm2
q F1 8
3a
F1 Đoạn BC
2qa 2qa 2.15.1
A F2 3,75cm2
4qa F2 8
Nz
A B
E, F
a
C 600
2a
0 ν 1/ 2
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Generalized Hooke’s Law
For an element subjected to multi-axial loading,
the normal strain components resulting from
the stress components may be determined
from the principle of superposition. This
requires:
1) strain is linearly related to stress
2) deformations are small
Đồng thau
Đồng pha thiếc
gang
Bê tông
cao su
thép
P1=qa
qa
A
F1
a P2=3qa 2qa
B
q
N zi Li S Ni
3a
O O
F2 i Ai Ei i Ai Ei
5qa qa
C
P3=4qa
2a Ai Ei : constants
F3 D
Nz
3P
C
1m P l l P
B
3m
3P
3P
C
1m P l l P
B
5P
3m
A
Nz
2P
C
F2
a P l l
P qa
B
q
3a
F1
A
2P
C 2qa
F2
a P l l
P qa
B qa qa
q
3a
F1
A
4qa
Nz
Normal and shear stresses acting on stress Shear failure along a 45° plane
elements oriented at = 0° and = 45° of a wood block loaded in
for a bar in tension compression
1
60 103 12 15 103 12 30 103 16
6
29 10 0 .9 0 .9 0 .3
75.9 10 3 in.
A1 A2 0.9 in 2 A3 0.3 in 2
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Example #2
The rigid bar BDE is supported by two links AB and CD.
Link AB is made of aluminum (E = 70 GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of 500 mm2.
Link CD is made of steel (E = 200 GPa) and has a cross-sectional area of (600 mm2).
For the 30-kN force shown, determine the deflection a) of B, b) of D, and c) of E.
SOLUTION:
Apply a free-body analysis to the bar
BDE to find the forces exerted by links
AB and DC.
Evaluate the deformation of links AB
and DC or the displacements of B and D.
BB BH
DD HD
0.514 mm 200 mm x
0.300 mm x
x 73.7 mm
EE HE
DD HD
E
400 73.7 mm
0.300 mm 73.7 mm
E 1.928 mm
E 1.928 mm
SOLUTION:
Consider the reaction at B as redundant, release
the bar from that support, and solve for the
displacement at B due to the applied loads.
Solve for the displacement at B due to the
redundant reaction at B.
Pi Li 1.125 109
L
i Ai Ei E
δR
Pi Li
1.95 103 RB
A
i i iE E
L R 0
1.125 109 1.95 103 RB0
E E
RB 577 103 N 577 kN
R A 323 kN
RB 577 kN
P
A
1. Xác định bậc siêu tĩnh
2. Viết ptcb tĩnh học
EF1
300 300
EF1
3. Thiết lập pt tương thích bd
h
4. Tìm nội lực
EF2 5. Xác định F, sao cho thõa bền
B D C 6. Xác định F, sao cho thõa đk cứng
N B NC 1 B D C
N D 3N B P 2 NB ND NC
NB h 1 NDh 3
cos 30 NB ND 3
EF1 cos 30 2 EF1 8
N D 3N B P 2
NB 3 P
3 AB AC
NB ND 3 F1 8 3 3 F1
8
ND 8 P 4 P
AD
F2 8 3 3 2 F1 8 3 3 F1
5. Xác định F theo điều kiện bền
AD
4 P
max
AD
Điều kiện bền
83 3 1
F
4 P
F1 8.42cm 2
8 3 3
F1 8.5cm2 , F2 17cm2
8 Ph 8 250.240
F2 cm 2
15.1559cm 2
F2 15.2 cm 2
Chọn
F1 7.6 cm 2
N Cho: []=15KN/cm2
E=2.104 KN/cm2
a = 0.1m
M P=60KN
5a 3F
4a F
2F P
3a
A B C D
2a 2a 3a
NA NB NC
P
A B C D
NA NB NC
P
A B C D
B1 C1
D1
A’
B’
C’
D’
2a 2a 3a
Phản lực giả sử phải có chiều tương thích với assumed deformed configuration
(mô hình sau khi biến dạng cái mà chúng ta giả sử)
NB NC
P
A’ B C D
A
B’
NA
C’
D’
2a 2a 3a
Phản lực giả sử phải có chiều tương thích với assumed deformed configuration
(mô hình sau khi biến dạng cái mà chúng ta giả sử)
NB NC
A1
A’ B C D
A
B’ C1
NA
C’
D1
2a 2a 3a D’
AA1 CC1
AA BB CC BB A1 NB NC P
A’ B C
D
A
N A .3a N . 4 a N C .5 a B’ C1
2 B NA
2 EF EF 3EF C’
D1
2a 2a 3a D’
3 5
N A 8N B NC 0 3
2 3
2 N B 4 NC 7 P 1
N A 0.8434P
2N A 2NC 5P 2 N B 0.1869P
3 5 N C 1.6565P
N A 8N B NC 0 3
2 3
F 2.3cm2
C B 2 5 N .5a N B .4a
DD1 C
DD1 5 2 E 3F EF
5 N C .5 a N B . 4 a N B .4 a 25 N C .a 20 N B .a N .a
DD DD1 B 4 B
2 E 3F EF EF 6 FE 2 EF EF
25 1.6565 10 0.1869 10
6 0.0013 cm
6 2.10 2.3
4
2.10 2.3
4
+ M A 0 2 N B 4 NC 7 P
NA NB NC P
+ M B 0 2 N A 2 NC 5P
A B C D
Phương trình tương thích B1 C1 D1
A’
1 B’
BB1 C C1 C’
2 D’
2a 2a 3a
BB AA
1
CC AA
2
N B .4a 1 N A .3a 1 N C .5a
B A C A B A C
1 1 1
2 2 2 EF 2 2 EF 2 3EF
3 5
4N B N A NC 0
4 6
2017 Mai Duc Dai 70
Example #5
7. What happen if the deformed configuration #1 was selected ?
A1 NB NC P
2 N B 4 NC 7 P 1 A’ B C
D
2N A 2NC 5P 2 A C1
B’
NA C’
3 5
N A 8N B NC 0 3 D1
2 3 2a 2a 3a D’
NA NB NC P
2 N B 4 NC 7 P 1’ A B C D
B1 C1 D1
2N A 2NC 5P 2’ A’
B’
3 5 C’
N A 4N B NC 0 3’ D’
4 6 2a 2a 3a
Tìm được N A 0
3F 3a
P=2qa
q
C
A B
300
2F
D
3a 2a
D
3a 2a
Phản lực giả sử phải có chiều tương thích với assumed deformed configuration
(mô hình sau khi biến dạng cái mà chúng ta giả sử)
+ M A 0
3a 3 29
3qa. N B .3a N C . cos 30.5a 2qa.5a 0 3 N B 5 NC qa 1
2 2 2
q NB P=2qa
NXA A B C
NC
C1 300
NYA
B’ C’
D
3a 2a
D
3a 2a
N 12
5N B 3 C NC
1 3 3
2 2
5 3 116 5 3 116 145
NC NB 2 NB qa NC qa 3qa
12 49 12 49 147
max
Discontinuities of cross section may result K
in high localized or concentrated stresses. ave
2017 Mai Duc Dai 82
Stress Concentration: Fillet
Flat bars with fillets
max
K
ave
SOLUTION:
• Determine the ratios (D/d, r/d) and find the stress concentration
factor (K) Fig.
• Find the allowable average normal stress using the material
allowable normal stress and the stress concentration factor.
• Apply the definition of normal stress to find the allowable load.
2017 Mai Duc Dai 84
Example #5
• Determine D/d, r/d:
D 60 mm
1.50
d 40 mm
r 8 mm
0.20
d 40 mm
max
K
ave
2017 Mai Duc Dai 85
Example #5
• The geometric ratios and the stress concentration factor:
D 60 mm r 8 mm
1.50 and 0.20 K 1.82
d 40 mm d 40 mm