RULES 6: Fouls and

Contact
Defensive Tactics – Zone and Man-to-man,
Purpose
Basketball Fouls
And Violation
Basketball has many rules
to keep competition fair
and players safe. When a
player breaks a minor
rule, it is called a violation.
Breaking a more serious
rule is called a foul.
FOULS- A foul in basketball is a rule-breaking action that
results in a loss of possession and possible free throws.
There are multiple categories of fouls:
• Personal Fouls: A foul that is physical in nature, like grabbing and
pushing.
• Flagrant Fouls: A foul that involves extraordinary violent contact with an
opposing player or a dangerous, non-basketball play.
• Technical Fouls: A foul that is unsportsmanlike, including screaming at
the referee or an opponent.

In the NBA, if a player commits six fouls in a game, they are disqualified
from playing in the rest of the game.
 LIST OF FOULS
• Blocking Foul • Reach-in Foul
• Charging Foul • Shooting Foul
• Defensive Foul • Technical Foul
• Double Foul
• Flagrant Foul
• Illegal Screen Foul
• Intentional Foul
• Loose Ball Foul
• Offensive Foul
• Personal Foul
• Punching Foul
PERSONAL FOUL
A personal foul is any
illegal physical contact by
a player. For example,
pushing, grabbing,
hitting, and tripping are
all considered personal
fouls. Personal fouls can
be committed by both
players on offense or
defense, although there
are typically more
defensive fouls in a game
than offensive fouls. Each
personal foul also counts
toward a team’s overall
foul count.
DEFFENSIVE FOUL
Defensive fouls are
committed whenever
players on defense use
illegal contact to try to
stop offensive players.
Defensive fouls
frequently happen in
basketball. Defenders are
allowed to move
sideways and backward
to block an attacker’s
path, but moving forward
(pushing the attacker
backward) is not allowed
SHOOTING FOUL

When a defensive player

makes illegal physical
contact with a player
shooting the ball, they will
be called for a shooting
foul.
OFFENSIVE FOUL

Fouls can be called for

pushing, holding, hitting,
or any other prohibited
contact. The most
common offensive fouls
include charging, illegal
screens, and illegal
contact.
FLAGRANT FOUL
A flagrant foul in basketball
is a foul assessed to any
player who makes
unnecessary,
unsportsmanlike, or
excessive contact with
another player.
There are two kinds of
flagrant fouls: Flagrant 1 or
Flagrant 2. A player who
commits a Flagrant 2 foul
will be ejected from the
game. The result of any
flagrant foul is two free
throws and possession of
the ball afterward.
TECHNICAL FOUL

Technical fouls are those

that do not involve any
physical contact but still
violate sportsmanship
rules. Technical fouls can
be called for a range of
prohibited actions,
including calling for a
timeout when the team
has none left, using
obscene language or
gestures toward a player
or referee, and fighting.
Reach-In Foul
• A reach-in foul in the NBA is
when the defensive player
"reaches in" and tries to steal the
ball away from the offensive
player.
Loose Ball Foul
• A loose ball foul in basketball is
a foul committed while both
teams are contesting possession
of the ball, or a foul of any kind
that is committed while the ball
is loose.
Intentional Foul Illegal Screen Foul

• An intentional foul in basketball • an illegal screen is a penalty that

is a foul that is deemed to have occurs when the screener (the
been committed purposefully. player who sets the screen) is in
violation of the rules for setting
screens.
Charging Foul
• If an offensive player runs into a
stationary defensive player who
has established a legal guarding
position, it is considered a
charging foul.
Blocking Foul
• This foul occurs when a
defensive player does not
establish a legal guarding
position and makes contact with
an offensive player. It results in a
personal foul against the
defensive player.
DOUBLE FOUL
• A double foul is a situation in which
two opponents commit personal
fouls against each other at
approximately the same time. In
the case of a double foul, fouls are
recorded, no free throws are
awarded, and play shall resume at
the point of interruption.
PUNCHING FOUL
• Punching fouls, although recorded
as both personal and team fouls,
are unsportsmanlike acts. The
player will be ejected immediately.
Any player who throws or kicks the
ball directly into the stands with
force, regardless of the reason or
where it lands, will be assessed a
technical foul and ejected.
COMMON DEFENSE
STRATEGIES
Defensive Tactics – Zone and Man-to-
man, Purpose
MAN-TO-MAN DEFENSE
• This aggressive style of defense can be easily
identified by the fact that players are matched up
with an opponent based on their position, ability or
size. As the name suggests, your main goal as a
defender when playing man-to-man is to guard and
defend your assigned opponent.
ZONE DEFENSE
• Where man-to-man defense has you assigned to a specific player, zone
defensive strategy has you guarding a specific area instead. Zone defenses can
be effective against poor outside shooters, as well as players who are adept at
driving to the basket. The basic procedure in zone defense is to have
defenders pick up opponents when they enter their designated area. Once
they leave or motion to another portion of the court, the defenders hang
back and guard their spot rather than following a player as you would in man-
to-man.
Zone defenses are broken down by their alignments, which
are normally labeled by numbers. Some common zone
layouts include:
2-3 ZONE
• This is the most common zone layout. Two players stand high at the free
throw line, while the remaining three defenders guard the baseline. This zone
defense is great for defending baseline and corner attacks, as well as securing
rebounds.
3-2 ZONE
• This alignment places three defenders in line at the free throw line and allows
for more pressure from the wings, making for a more difficult long-range shot.
1-3-1 ZONE
• The 1-3-1 layout consists of one player above the free throw line,
three players staggered across the paint and one player guarding
the baseline underneath the hoop. This is a good defense for
guarding head-on attacks at the top of the circle and for forcing
offenses into corners for potential traps and turnovers.
2-1-2 ZONE
• Two players guard the free throw line, while one player is placed in
the lane and the final two defenders are placed at the baseline.
This layout is a good defense against baseline attacks and offenses
working into the paint.
1-2-2 ZONE
• Also called the “jug” defense, one player guards above the foul line while two
players guard the wings. The final two defenders are responsible for the
baseline.

MATCH-UP ZONE
• This zone defense scheme is essentially a reaction to the offense’s attack. Also
known as “amoeba defense,” match-up zone is usually run out of either a 2-3
or 1-3-1 starting alignment and then adjusts to the offense’s layout. This
strategy is great for giving offenses a true match and for forcing corner traps
and turnovers. Be cautious, however, as match-up can be beaten by offenses
prone to cutting routes and schemes.
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