VE MOT CACH DOQC QUEER: JUDITH BUTLER DQC ANTIGONE CUA SOPHOCLES NGUYE! HI MINH® Tom tit: Bai viét phan tich cach tiép nhan dc dao cita Judith Butler d4i vai vi kich Antigone cia Sophocles trong van ban Yéu sdich ctia Antigone. Trong tinh than doi thogi vai cac cach doc cita triét gia G. W. F. Hegel va nha phan tim hoc Jacques Lacan, bang vige nhin nhan vat nhur mot chi thé ham ‘muén thng qua hinh ding biéu hinh, Butler da g6p phan tao ra mot kha thé doc méi - cach doc queer. Cach doc nay, gidp mé rdng chan trdi dién gidi cua mét van ban cé dién song van chira dyng nhigu van long dai, khéng chi cé gia tr trong nghién citu gidi ma cdn dng gép vio nghién ciru cdc truémg hop Igch chuan tir géc nhin nhin vin chii nghia. Ti kh tia Antigone. cach doe queer, chi thé ham muén, hanh déng biéu hanh, nghién citu gidi, Yéu sch Abstract: The paper analyzes Judith Butler's reception of Sophocles’s Antigone in her book Antigone’s Claim. Revising and challenging some aspects in the previous readings by Hegel and Lacan, Butler presents Antigone as subjects of desire who realize themselves in performative acts Butler's queer reading of the play re-defined the ways in which classical texts could be read. It opened Up possible ways of interpreting texts in view of changes in society and made a significant impact on gender studies and non-normative sexuality. Keywords: queer reading, subject of desire, performative act, gender studies, Antigone’ Claim. My hoc tiép nhan, bat sir dién giai cing la qua trinh van ban bi Robert Jauss, cho ring “sy bién van hoc”, —_chiém dung, dong thoi durge boi dap them 1 cde yéu té lam nén lich sir van hoc dich —-y nghia. Antigone cia Sophocles 1A mot thye, can phai duge lan dai truéng hop nhu vay. Trong lich sir kién sir tiép nhan va dign gidi, va doi séng thc —_tao ¥ nghia cho tic pham nay, c6 thé néi, su cia van ban vin hoe nim 6 déi séng —_Yéu sdch ctia Antigone (Antigone ¥ Claim) ctia viéc doc ching. Chinh théng qua cilia Judith Butler la mt dau méc. Bang vige ngudi doc tong tic voi vin ban tir cach doc de dao ciia minh, Judith Butler diém nhin hign tai, cdc tac phim van hoe ‘da chuyén nhan vat Antigone tir pham tra cé xua khéng tro thinh phé tich ma vin “thing” (straight)’ sang pham tra “queer”, tén tai trong quan hé déi thoai va tiép tuc c6 dii sng duong dai cla minh. Sy mach va ditt gay khéng ngimg ciia lich ® Dit duge din gidi theo nhiéu hung khée nha, song hiu hét cie hoc gid déu théng nhat xem Antigone li hinh tuomg din hinh eta ngucsi ni, dai TS. - Bai hge Su pham Thanh phd H6 Chi Minb. Email: minhnt@hemue.edu.vn * Chi tiét xin xem [8, 10]. O day Jauss phan bigt sy ign van liye (iterary event), nt Sng ho Hi yéu 18 lam nén lich sir vin hoc, véi “dir ligu van noe” (literary data), li ning digu thuémg xuat hign trong céc c6ng trinh lich sir vin hoc kiéu cd, khong noi Ién duing thre trang cia lich sit van hoe. dign cho gia dinh va quan he than toc 3 va mit tir nguyén, tir “queer” xubt hign & thé ki XVI, €6 nghia 1A “Yap dj”, “ki Ia”, *Igeh tm hoje “xign’ “Igeh’, “khong dBi xing”. “Queer” sit ddung nu d6ng tr voi nghia la “pha hong”, “lam hur hai” xuit hign vio nlm 1812, “queer” v6i nghia chi nguéi “déng tinh luyén ai” (homosexual) Ldn ddu Pht biéu vé vige minh da ngac nhién nhur thé nao nude cach dge cia nhimg ngudi di truée, Butler so sénh gitta Hegel vi Lacan dé thay ring, chai triét aia - Ij thuyét gia nay déu logi bé quan hé than tGe Iehoi Hin ve 2% hgi, di theo nhing each khée nhau. Déi voi Hegel, quan hg than te ld quan he “huyét théng” (blood), mang tinh ty nhién chit khong phi chuiin mye, nghia la né churatham gia vio x hi, vi vi 6ng, x3 h6i chi bit ddu khi con ngubi, bing bpo lye, sé thay thé quan he than te bing nha muée. ConNGHIEN CUU VAN HOC, SO 3-2021 ét néi véi cae A4i tong va tik: 4p: ngudi phy nit, ngudi thiéu den, né Ig, v6 gia cu. ngudi da Tom lai, bai viét da phan tich céch thite Judith Butler dge Antigone tir g6e nhin ctia mot chi thé ham muon, cing két qua cua vige doc dy. Tir d6, chiing tdi cho thay ring, sir dung mot vign tuemg méi, e6 thé tam got Ja “vién tugng queer”, Butler da gop phan mo rong chan tréi dién giai, giup ngudi doc nhin ra & van ban nhimg tang y nghia méi Dieu dac biét la cdch doc nay cé rat nhiéu ¥ nghia trong béi cinh cita cae nghién ciru duong dgi. Hanh trinh dc Antigone cia Butler 1 hanh i thé ham muén. Chi thé nay bat déu hign ra qua hanh d6ng biéu hanh, két thie bing cai chét bi thong tuéng chimg cit dit vong 1p ciia mot truémg hop tech chuan chiu s6 phan chét ngay khi dang sng, song v6i tac gia, cai chét ay, thay vi la mét tat yéu duge hgp ly héa, Iai 1a mét chat van nhim ma ra nhimg kha thé. Butler két thie van ban doc cia minh bang mot vién canh day chat “queer” cia nhimg suy tu van dang trong dién trinh khéng ngimg vin dong, chia déng cimg thanh mot xe quyét: “ Antigone li trréng hgp cho mét link vye méi cia con ngudi (...). C6 hanh déng, ¢6 ni nang, 6 tr thinh ké ma véi ké d6, hinh Sng ngOu ti la Gt Wi chet, uhuny cai chee dinh ménh nay vugt ra ngoai doi séng ctia vei Lacan, Antigone duge cho la phic hoa sy Kh au cia c6i Tugng. Ci Tugng nay khéng chinh xde thude finh vue xd hi. Lacan bién mét 9 nigm 1y tuéng héa nhat dinh vé quan hé thén tc thanh mot tién gid dinh cho tinh kha nigm van héa. Butler kh di tir ce efch te duy nay, sir dng Kip liga eva Levi Strauss va vin bin Antigone dé chimg minh ring, quan hé than t6e la mot van dé ciia chuiin mye, cua vvan héa, nghia li thude Tinh vye x hi, chinh tr, chit khdng phai tr nhién, tién chin tr, kh6ng phai chi ltén gid dinh cho tinh kha niém cia c6i Tugng. cé va bude vao dién ngén vé tinh kha nié nhur chinh cdi chét dinh ménh diy hita h hinh thic x3 hgi cia tong lai Iéch chuan, chua timg ¢6 tién 1g eda minh” (3, t:82] Tai ligu tham khao [1] John L. Austine (1975), How to Do Things with Words: Second Edition (The William James Lectures), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts [2] Judith Butler (1988), “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory” in Theatre Journal, Vol. 40, No. 4 (December 12, 1988), pp. 519-531 [3] Judith Butler (2000), Antigone’ Claim Kinship Between Life and Death, Columbia University Press, New York. [4] Judith Butler (2012), Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in _hwentieth-Century Fance, Columbia University Press, New York [5] G. W. F. Hegel (2006), Hign teong hoc tink than, Bai Van Nam Son dich va cht giai, Nxb. Van hoe, Ha Noi. [6] G. W. F, Hegel (2010), Cée nguyén bi etia triét hoe phap quyén hay dai cwomg phép quyén tenhién va khoa hoe vé mhé medic, Bui Van Nam Som dich va chit gidi, Nxb. Tri thie, Ha N6i [7] Annamarie Jagose (1996), Queer Theory: An Introduction, New York University Press, New York. [8] Hans Robert Jauss and Elizabeth Benzinger, “Literary History as a Challenge to Literary Theory”, New Literary History, Autumn, 1970, Vol. 2, No 1, A Symposium on Literary History (Autumn, 1970) [9] Jacques Lacan (1999), The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960: The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, translated with notes by Dennis Porter, Routledge, London and New York. [10] Nhigu téc gid (2007), Bi kich Hy Lap, Hoing Hau Dan gidi thigu, bién dich va cha thich, Nxb. Giio duc Vigt Nam, Ha Néi [11] Sophocles II (1994), Antigone, Woman of Trachis, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus, edited and translated hy Hugh | loyd-lones, Havard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, [12] George Steiner (1996), Antigones: How the Antigone Legend Has Endured in Western Literature, Art, and Thought, Yale University Press, New Haven and London,