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RESEARCH

RESEARCH 1930s American Journal of Nursing published nursing

 is systematic inquiry that uses disciplined methods to case studies
answer questions or solve problems. The ultimate goal of 1936 Sigma Theta Tau awards first nursing research
research is to develop and expand knowledge. grant in the United States
 Systems:  2nd largest organization for nurses
o Macro: introduction 1948 Brown publishes report on inadequacies of
o Micro: elements nursing education
1952 The journal Nursing Research begins publication
NURSING RESEARCH 1955 Inception of American Nurses Foundation to
 is systematic inquiry designed to generate trustworthy sponsor nursing research
evidence about issues of importance to the nursing 1957 Establishment Of Nursing Research Center at
profession, including nursing practice, education, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
administration, and informatics. 1963 International Journal of Nursing Studies begins
publication
CLINICAL NURSING RESEARCH 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) begins
 research to guide nursing practice and to improve the sponsoring nursing research conferences
health and quality of life of nurses’ clients. 1969 Canadian Journal of Nursing Research begins
publication
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) 1971 ANA establishes a Commission on Research
 involves using the best evidence (as well as clinical 1972 ANA establishes its Council of Nurse
judgment and patient preferences) in making patient care Researchers
decisions, and “best evidence” typically comes from 1976 Stetler & Marram publish guidelines on assessing
research conducted by nurses and other health care research for use in practice
professionals. 1978 The journal Research in Nursing, and the Health
and Advances in Nursing Science begins
CHARACTERISTIC OF NURSING RESEARCH publication
 Systematic- follows a system 1979 Western Journal of Nursing Research begins
 Objective- based on facts publication
 Feasible- proper workplace where to conduct study 1982 The Conduct and Utilization of Research in
 Empirical- adequate evidence discussing different Nursing (CURN) project publishes report
variables 1983 Annual Review of Nursing Research begins
 Clear- variables should coincide with the study publication
1985 ANA Cabinet on nursing research establishes
IMPORTANCE OF EBP research priorities
 Use of best evidence in making patient care decisions 1986 National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) is
established within U.S. National Institute of Heart
 Nurse leaders recognize the need to base specific nursing
decisions on are clinically appropriate/approved and cost- 1988 The journal Applied Nursing Research begins
effective and results in positive client outcomes. publication
1989 AHCPR-AHRQ
ROLES OF NURSES IN NURSING RESEARCH  Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
is established and in 1999 it became the
 Principal investigator
Agency for Health Care Research Quality
 Member of the research team
1993  NCNR becomes a full institute became the
 Identifier of research problem
National Institute of Nursing Research
 Evaluator of research results
(NINR)
 User of research findings/Consumer
 The Cochrane Collaboration is established
 Patient/Client advocate
1994 The journal Qualitative Health Research begins
 Subject/Respondent/Participant its publication
1995 The Joanna Briggs Institute, an international EBP
EVOLUTION OF NURSING RESEARCH collaborative, is established in Australia
1997 Canadian Health Services Research Foundation
YEAR EVENT is established with Federal funding
1859 Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing is published 2000  NINR’s funding exceeded to $100 million
1900 American Journal of Nursing begins its publication  Canadian Institute of Health Research is
1923  Columbia university establishes first doctoral launched
program for nurses 2004 The journal Worldviews of Evidence-based
 Goldmark Report with recommendations for Nursing begins publication
nursing education is published 2005 The Sigma Theta Tau International publishes
research priorities

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 NURSING RESEARCH 1

SYNTHESIS OF GLOBAL NURSING PRIORITIES BY: 3.2. Endeavor to publish research

SIGMA THETA TAU & NINR 3.3. Submit research finding to own agencies and others
1. Health promotion and disease prevention as appropriate
2. Promotion of health of vulnerable and marginalized
communities 4. Apply research findings in nursing practice
3. Patient safety 4.1. Utilize findings in research in the provision of nursing
4. Development of EBP and translational research care to individuals, groups and communities
5. Promotion of health and well-being of older people 4.2. Make us of evidence-based nursing to ameliorate
6. Patient centered care and care coordination nursing practice
7. Palliative and end of life care
8. Care implications of genetic testing and therapeutics TYPES OF NURSING RESERCH
9. Capacity development of nurse researchers  Basic/Pure
10. Nurses working environment o theory
 Applied
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE FOR NURSING PRACTICE o Conduct of knowledge in the application of study
 Tradition and Authority
 Clinical Experience, Trial and Error, and Intuition GOALS OF CONDUCTING NURSING RESEARCH
o Clinical experience is a familiar, functional source of  To produce evidence-based nursing practice
knowledge  To establish credibility in the nursing profession
o Trial and error in which alternatives are tried  To observe accountability in nursing practice
successively until a solution to a problem is found.  To promote cost-effectiveness through documentation of
o Intuition is a knowledge source that cannot be nursing care
explained based on reasoning or prior instruction
 Logical reasoning RESEARCH TITLE
o Inductive reasoning involves developing  Title should summarize the main idea of the paper
generalizations from specific observations  It should have a concise statement of the topic
o Deductive reasoning involves developing specific  It should also have the major variables
predictions from general principles.  Shows the relationship among the main variables and their
 Assembled information study
 Disciplined research  Must be self-explanatory
 Avoid words such as “methods, investigations, findings”
CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER NO.14 s. 2009  General problem can also be the title
“POLICIES AND STANDARDS FOR BSN PROGRAM”
 Formulated 11 Core Competence QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1. Safe and quality nursing care  The variable is reflected in the title
2. Management of resources and environment o relationship among variables
3. Health education o proposed target population
4. Legal responsibility
5. Ethico-moral responsibility
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
6. Personal and professional development
 Variables
7. Quality improvement
8. Research  8-12 words
9. Record management  Central theme
10. Communication  Participants
11. Collaborative teamwork  Setting (place)
 Research design
BOARD OF NURSING
RESOLUTION NO. 12 s. 2005 EXTERNAL CRITERIA
4 COMPETENCIES IN RESEARCH:  Novelty
 Availability of subject
1. Gather data using different methodologies
 Facilities and equipment
1.1. Identify researchable problems regarding patient care
and community health  Ethical consideration
1.2. Identify appropriate methods of research for a
particular patient or community problem INTERNAL CRITERIA
1.3. Combined qualitative and quantitative nursing  Experience, training and professional qualifications
designs through simple explanation of the  Interest, intellectual curiosity, motivation, perceptiveness of
phenomenon observed the researcher
1.4. Analyzed data gathered  Time factor
 Cost and returns
2. Recommend action for implementation  Hazard, penalties and handicaps
2.1. Based on the analysis of data gathered, recommend
practical solutions appropriate to the problem

3. Dissiminate result of research findings

3.1. Communicate results of finding to colleagues,
patients, family and others

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 NURSING RESEARCH 1

STEPS IN NURSING RESEARCH TYPES OF QUESTION

1. Identify the problem  Factor- Isolating Question
2. Conduct Literature Review o What is this?
3. Identify Theoretical Framework  Factor- Relating Question
4. Formulate Hypothesis o What is happening here?
5. Operational Variables  Situation- Relating Question
6. Select the Research Design o What happened here?
7. Ascertain and select sample
 Situation- Producing Question
8. Conduct a Pilot study
o How are you going to do it?
9. Collect data
10. Analyze data
11. Interpret results
12. Disseminate Information

IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM

FORMULATE THE PROBLEM
 Define the problem
 Define the purpose of the research
 Review Related Literature
 Formulate Theoretical Framework & conceptual framework
 State the general & specific research problem
 State Hypothesis & Assumptions
 State scope & delimitations
 Define the Research terms

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM MAY BE:

 Feasible
 Important
 Clearly defined
 Observable
 Satisfies the interest of qualified researcher

HOW TO FORMULATE THE INTRODUCTION

 What is the rationale of the problem?
 What is the setting of the problem?
 What is the basis literature foundation of the study?
 How serious is the chosen research problem?
 What is the overall purpose of the problem?

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

 To define research questions, models, tools that may be
useful in problem identification
 To provide comparative data that are available for analysis
 To compare one’s findings with other theoretical &
conceptual frameworks
 To identify studies that may be replicated

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 The heart of the thesis
o General Objective
 Followed by the enumeration of the specific
problems
o Specific Objective
 Usually stated as questions the researcher seeks
to answer
 Should not be reflected in the questionnaire

2 TYPES OF PROBLEM
 Non – Researchable
o Answerable by yes or no
o Quantitative
 Researchable
o WH question
o Qualitative

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