past simple vs.

present perfect
I worked VS. I have worked

We use the past simple to refer to a definite time in the past (when we specify the time or how long)
and usually with past time expressions such as yesterday, two weeks ago, last year, in 1995.

We use the present perfect to talk about time up to now, that is, events that took place in the past
but which connect with the present. The present perfect is often used with time expressions which
indicate time up to now, for example, today, this year, in the last six months.

present simple (passive)

Present simple
Facts, habits, repeated actions and routines. Adverbs of frequency. (How often? Always, often, never, etc.)
(SHIT-Rule)

I/We/You/They + infinitive.

He/She/It + infinitive + s.

I/We/You/They + don’t/do not + infinitive.

He/She/It + doesn’t/does not + infinitive.

Do I/we/you/they + infinitive?

Does he/she/it +infinitive?

Passive
Object + am/is/are + past participle

Mr Jones opens the school at 5 o’clock.

The school is opened at 5 o’clock. (by Mr Jones)

They sell old cars in Utrecht.

Old cars are sold. (in Utrecht)

past simple (passive)

Past simple
Something happened in the past, finished actions that are not happening now. Time expressions. (When
happened it? Yesterday, last year, two weeks ago, in 1991, etc.)

I/He/She/It + was + infinitive + ed.

We/You/They + were + infinitive + ed.

I/He/She/It + wasn’t/was not/ didn’t/did not + infinitive

We/You/They + weren’t/were not/didn’t/did not + infinitive

Did + I/he/she/it + infinitive?

Did + we/you/they + infinitive?
Passive
Object + was/were + past participle

Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

The Mona Lisa was painted. (by Leonardo da Vinci)

The men in masks stole the diamonds from the Jewellers.

The diamonds were stolen. (by the men in masks from the Jewellers)

present continuous (passive)

Present continuous
Something happening now, temporary situations and something happening in a picture/photo.

I + ‘m/am + infinitive + ing.

He/She/It + ‘s/is + infinitive + ing.
We/You/They + ‘re/are + infinitive + ing.

I + ‘m not/am not + infinitive + ing.

He/She/It + isn’t/is not + infinitive + ing.
We/You/They + aren’t/are not + infinitive + ing.

Am + I + infinitive + ing?
Is + he/she/it + infinitive + ing?
Are + we/you/they + infinitive + ing?

Passive
Object + am/is/are + been + past participle

They are painting the house.

The house is being painted. (by them)

I am driving a blue mini.

A blue mini is driven. (by me)

present perfect (passive)

Present perfect
Simple - Completed actions with a result in the present:

I/You/We/They + have + past participle

He/She/It + has + past participle

Continuous - Actions that are still happening right now.

I/You/We/They + have been + past participle

He/She/It + has been + past participle

Passive
Object + have/has + been + past participle

The boys have eaten the apples.

The apples have been eaten. (by the boys)

The dog has eaten the bone.

The bone has been eaten. (by the dog)