THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

MAT2110: Engineering Mathematics I
Tutorial Sheet 9 (2022/2023)
1. (a) Show that each of the following, where c1 and c2 are constants, are solutions to the
differential equation
d2 y dy
(1 − x) + x − y = 0.
dx 2 dx
i. y = 2ex ii. y = 3x iii. y = c1 ex + c2 x

(b) Solve the following ODEs using separation of variable.

dy 5x dy cos2 y
i. dx
= 7y iv. =
dx sin2 x
dy 1+y 2
ii. = dy
dx 1+x 2 v. dx
= ay(1 − by) where a and b are
dy 1+y 3
iii. dx
+ xy 2 (1+x 2 )
=0 constants.

2. (a) Show that each of the following ODEs are homogeneous and hence solve.
dy x+y dy x+2y
i. dx
= x
iv. dx
= 3y−2x

ii. 2xy dy = (x 2 − y 2 ) dx v. dy 2
2x +y
= − 2xy+3y
2

dx 2
dy
iii. dx
= (x + y)2

(b) Solve the following differential equations by means of an integration factor.

dy dy
i. dx + y = ex iv. dx
− y = sin x
dy dy
ii. dx + 31 y = 1 v. tan x dx + y = sec x
dy
iii. x dx +y =x

3. Show that each of the following differential equations is exact and use that property to
find the general solution.
y
(a) 1
x
dy x2
dx = 0
− (c) 2(y + 1)ex dx + 2(ex − 2y)dy = 0
dy
(b) 2xy dx + y 2 − 2x =0 (d) (3x 2 + y cos x)dx + 2(sin x − 4y 3 )dy = 0

4. Solve the following Bernoulli equations.

dy dy
(a) dx
+ 3x 2 yy = x 2 y 3 (d) dx
+ 31 y = ex y 4
dy y
(b) dx
+ x
= xy 2
dy y dy
(c) dx
+ x
= y2 (e) dx
+ x2 y = −x 2 (cos x)y 2

5. Find a particular solution to each of the following ODEs.

dy y
(a) dx
+ x
= 0 given that at x = 2, y = 2.

(b) 2(x + 2y) dx + (y − x) dy = 0 given that when x = 1, y = 0.

1
dy
(c) x 3 dx + 2y = e x2 at (1, e).
dy
(d) dx
+ 2xy = xy 2 at (0, 1).
6. (a) Solve the auxiliary equation for each of the following differential equations.
 i. iii. v.
2 d y 2
dy d2 y
d y dy +2 − 3y = 0. − 9y = 0.
− 12 + 36y = 0. dx 2 dx dx 2
dx 2 dx
ii. iv.
2
d y d2 y dy
+ 7y = 0. 2 + 4 + 3y = 0.
dx 2 dx 2 dx
(b) Hence solve each of the differential equations in (a) above.
(c) Solve each of the following ODEs by the method of undetermined coefficients.

i. iv.
2
d y dy d2 y
− − 2y = 8. + 25y = 5x 2 + x.
dx 2 dx dx 2
v.
ii. d2 y dy
d y 2 −2 + y = 4 sin x.
− 4y = 10e3x . dx 2 dx
dx 2 vi.
iii. d2 y dy
+ 4 + 5y = 2e−2x ,
d2 y dy dx 2 dx
+2 + y = e−2x . dy
dx 2 dx given that x = 0, y = 1, dx
= −2.

7. Solve each of the following ODEs by the method of variation of parameters.

(a) (d)
d2 y d2 y
+ y = sec x. + 4y = csc 2x.
dx 2 dx 2
(b) (e)
d2 y d2 y dy
+ y = sec x tan x. − 2 + y = ex ln x.
dx 2 dx 2 dx
(c) (f)
d2 y dy d2 y dy e2x
− 4 + 4y = x 2 e2x . − 4 + 4y = .
dx 2 dx dx 2 dx x