-

BASIC EE REVIEW -
- - - -
Electron Theory of Electricity
+
++ ++ - +
++ ++ -
+ +
A. Elements of an ATOM - - --
- -
- Matter is composed of molecules which are made
up of combination of atoms
- Atoms have a nucleus with electrons orbiting
B. Positive and Negative Charges
around it
A positive or negative charge is caused by an absence or
-
- -
- - - excess of electrons
- - Electro + Electrons in the outer band of an atom are easily
+++++ - + +
- +++ - Outer
n
proton displaced by the application of some external force.
+ Band
-- nucleu-- - - - The lack of electrons is called a positive charge
- s - because there are more protons than electrons
- The excess of electrons has a negative charge. The
- Nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons number of protons remains constant
- Protons have a positive charge (+)  Attraction and Repulsion of Charges
- Electrons have a negative charge (-) - When two like charged bodies are brought
- Neutrons are neutral together, it repels
- Bound electrons – electrons that are bound in - When two unlike charge bodies are brought
their orbit by the attraction of the protons. together, it attracts,
- Free electrons – are those found in the other
band.
- + + +
A free electrons leaves a void which can be filled by an
electrons forced of orbit from another atom. As free electrons
Unlike Charge like Charge
move from one atom to the next an electron flow is produced.
Repel Attracts
This is the basis of electricity.
C. Conductors and Insulators
- Conductors – materials that permit many
electrons to move freely are called conductors
 (Copper, silver, aluminum, zinc, brass, and iron Direction of Current Flow
are considered good conductors. Copper is the
most common material used for conductors and (a) Electron (b)
is relatively inexpensive). Silver is an even better Flow Conventional
conductor of electricity but it is too expensive. Flow
- Insulators – materials that allow few free
electrons are called insulators.
(Materials such as plastic, rubber, glass, mica and
ceramic are good insulators).
- Semiconductors – materials that have the - + - +
characteristics of both conductors and insulators
D. Electricity: Current and Voltage Voltage – is the force that is applied to a conductor that
Electricity is the flow of free electrons in a conductor causes electric current to flow
from one atom to the next atom in the same general
Basic Electrical Quantities
direction.
Electricity can be compared with water flowing through a A. Active Elements – Elements capable of supplying
pipe. A force is required to get water to flow through a energy
pipe. This force comes from either a water pump or
 Voltage Source
gravity.
- -- -- - + - +-
E
- - - E
or or
Current – is referred to as the flow of electrons V V
- Electrons move through a conductor at different
rates and electric current has different values.  Current Source
Electrons are negative and are attracted by
positive charges. I
A current of one amp means that in one second about B. Passive Elements - Elements which are capable of
6.24 x 1018 electrons move through a cross section of storing energy but does not supply energy
conductor a. Resistor – absorbs energy
 b. Inductor – Stores energy E. Voltage – It is the amount of work (w) done per unit
c. Capacitor – stores energy charge (q).
w
v= Joules / coulomb or V
q
 Resistor - Its function is to limit the F. Power – The amount of work done per unit of time
amount of current or divide the voltage in a measures in watts (W).
circuit. Unit is “ohms: (Ω) w
p= Joules / sec or watts
t
 Capacitor - its function is to G. Energy – is the capacity to do work, measured in
concentrate the electric field of voltage joules (J)
applied across the dielectric. A capacitor is - Kilowatt – hour (Kwh) – Unit of electric energy
constructed of two conductor plates or electric work
separated by an insulator (dielectric). Unit is - Energy = Power x Time
“farad” (f) W=Pxt
 Inductor - its main function is to where: p = power (Kw)
concentrate the magnetic field of electric W = work (Kwh)
current in a coil. Unit is “henry”: (H) T = time (hours)
C. Electric Charge (Q) – is the quantity of electric - Horsepower (hp) – mechanical output power.
energy stored in battery capacitors or any insulated (1 hp = 746 W)
materials, measured in coulombs (C)
Sample Problem: How much energy does a 100 W
1 coulomb = 6.24 x 1018 electrons
electric bulb consume in two hours?
1 electron = 1.602 x 10-19 coulomb
D. Electric Current – the rate of transfer of electricity Solution:
from one point to another measured in amperes (A).
1 ampere = 1 coulomb/sec w = pt = (100 W) x (2 hr x 60 min/hr x 60 sec/min)
- Direct current (dc) is a current that remains = 720,000 W-sec = 720,000 J = 720 kJ
constant with time
- An alternating current (ac) is a current that This is the same as
varies sinusoidally with time.
 w = pt = 100 W x 2 hr = 200 Whr A. Ohm’s Law – states that current varies directly with voltage
and inversely with resistance
H. Resistance – the property of a material or circuit E Voltage
elements to oppose the flow of electrons I= or Current =
R Resistance
L ρL - Ohms Law Triangle:
Rα ; R=
A A
Where: E
ρ - Resistivity of material at a certain temp. (Ω-m)
I R
L – Length (m)
A – Cross sectional area (m2) To use the triangle, cover the value you want to
- Mil (mil) – A unit of length equivalent to one calculate. The remaining letters make up the
thousand of an inch. formula
1 mil = 1 x 10-3 in
- Circular mil (cmil) – A cross sectional area of a E E
circle whose diameter is equivalent to 1 mil R I R I
Cmil = D2
- Square mil (mil2) – A cross sectional area of a Remember:
- Current is always expressed in Amperes or Amps
square whose side is equivalent to 1 mil.
- Voltage is always expressed in Volts
Sq.-mil = ( Π /4)D2 = ( Π /4)cmil
- Resistance is always expressed in Ohms
I. Conductance – the property of the material that
B. Kirchoff’s voltage law (KVL) – state: “the algebraic sum of
allows the flow of current.
all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero”
1 1 A σA
G= G= × =
R ρ L L ∑ V Source − ∑ IR Drop=0
Loop Loop
Where:
G – Conductance in mho or Siemens
σ – Conductivity constant in S/m

Direct Current Circuits

 R1 R2 1 1 1 1
= + + ohms ( Ω )
R T R1 R2 R3
+ + GT =G1+ G2+G 3 mho(siemens)
+
V1 ∑V V2
Vs - - + R3
- =0 V3
R4
- RT R1 R2 R3
+ G
V4 T
- F. Voltage Division in Series Circuit
C. Kirchoff’s current law (KCL) – states that the algebraic sum
of currents entering a node (or a closed boundery) is zero
V 1=V r
( R1
R 1+ R 2+ R 3 )
I Entering=I Leaving
R1 R2 R3
…in a junction (or node)
I1 + + +
I2 I4 V1- V
+ 2- V3-
VT-
I3 G. Current Division in Parallel Circuit

D. Resistance in Series
n
I 1=I T
( R2
R 1+ R 2 )
; I 2=I T
(R1
R1 + R2 )
Rt =∑ R k =R1 + R2 + R3 Ir
k=1

R1 R2 R3 I1 I2
R1 R2

E. Resistance in Parallel H. Capacitor: A device manufactured to have a specific amount

of capacitance is called a capacitor. A capacitor of two
 conducting plates separated by an insulator known as Inductance is the property whereby an inductor exhibits opposition
“dielectric” to the change of current flowing through it, measured in Henrys (H)
- Capacitance is a measure of a circuit ability to store an
electrical charge Formulas:

Formulas: 1. Inductance formula

2
N μA
L= Henrys (H)
1. Capacitance (C) l
∈A 2. Current Equation
C=
d 1
❑

Farad (F) where: ∈ = dielectric constant i= ∫ v ( t ) dt Ampere (A)

L0
2. Charge (Q) 3. Voltage equation
Q = Cv coulomb(C) Where: v = voltage di
3. Current Equation v=L volt (V)
dt
Q Cv 4. Power Formula
i= = ampere (A)
t t
4. Voltage Equation
Q
p=vi= L ( dtdi ) i watts (W)
v= volt(V) 5. Energy Formula
C
1 2
5. Power Formula w= L i joules (J)
2
P = vi watts (W)
6. Inductors in series
6. Energy Formula
2
Leq = L1 + L2 + L3 + …+Ln
1 2 Q 7. Inductors in parallel
w= C v = joules (J)
2 2C 1 1 1 1 1
7. Capacitors in series = + + +…+
Leq L1 L2 L3 Ln
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +…+
Ceq C 1 C 2 C 3 Cn ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS
8. Capacitors in parallel
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + … +Cn A. Sine Wave
I. Inductor – An inductor is a coil of conducting wire, with air
or metal core, basically a two terminal device
 - The peak value of a sine wave occurs twice each cycle, 90
once at the positive maximum value and once at the + degrees Voltage
Curre
negative maximum value
nt
+ Peak + 0
value

0 Tim 0 Tim Peak to -

Peak
e e
- Peak - value (Current “lags” the
value voltage)
- The peak to peak value of the voltage or current is the - Vector representation
peak positive and peak negative values of the Sine
wave
- The instantaneous value is the value at any one
particular time. It can be in the range of anywhere
from zero to the peak value. C. Capacitive Circuit: (Circuit containing Resistor and Inductor
- The effective value of AC (also known as the RMS (root - Voltage and Current Relations in
mean square) is the equivalent heating effect of the 90
alternating current when compared to DC. + degrees Voltage
V peak Curre
V RMS= =0.707 V PEAK nt
√2 0
B. Inductive Circuit: (circuit containing Resistor and Inductor)
- Voltage and Current Relations in
-

(Current “leads” the

voltage)
 F = frequency (hrtz)

E. Parallel R-L-C Circuit: (Circuit containing Resistor & inductor

& capacitor in Parallel)

D. Series R-L-C: (circuit containing Resistor and Inductor and

Capacitor in series)

R L C V
√ 2 2
i T = i R + ( i c −i L ) Z r=
ir
F. Power in AC- Circuit:
An AC circuit is: a. True Power (P)
- Resistive if XL and XC are equal True or real power is the power consumed by a resistor
- Inductive if XL is greater than XC dissipated as heat and not returned to the source. True
- Capacitive if XC is greater than XL power is measured in WATTS
The following formula is used to calculate total b. Apparent power (S)
impedance of a circuit containing resistance, Apparent power is the vector sum of true power and
capacitance, and inductance reactive power. Apparent is measured in Volt Ampere
or (VA)
√ 2 2
Z= R + ( X L− X C ) Ω
c. Reactive power (Q)
X L =2 πfL Ω
Reactive power is the power wasted in the capacitive
1 or inductive reactance. Reactive power is measured in
XC= Ω
2 πfC
volt-Ampere-Reactive (VAR)
Where:
- Power Triangle
Z = impedance

XL = inductive reactance

XC = capacitive reactance
 Where:
ES = secondary voltage
S( EP = primary voltage
Q(v
va IS = secondary current
ar)
)Ø IP = primary current
P(wat
NS = turns in the secondary coil
ts)
NP = turns in the primary coil
pf =Cosϕ−Power Factor

( )
Q To find voltage:
ϕ=tan−1 −Power Factor angle
P
EP× I P ES× I S
S=V × I −Volt ampere E S= E P=
IS IP
P=VI × pf watts
To find current:
Transformers
Transformers are electromagnetic devices that EP × I P ES × I S
I S= I P=
transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another E EP
by mutual induction?
- Step – up transformer – A step up transformer is used To find the number of coil turns:
when it is desirable to step voltage up in value.
ES × N P EP× NS
NS= N P=
EP ES

Three Phase Transformers

- Step – down transformer – A step down transformer is - Delta Connections

used when it is desirable to step voltage down in value
 L I L 2=√ I B2+ I C 2 +(I B × I C ¿ ) ¿
480 volts 1
480 volts 480 volts I L 3=√ I A 2+ I C 2 +(I A × I C ¿ )¿
L - Wye Connections
2 L
480 volts 480 volts
1
L 480
3 277 volts L
volts 2
L1 to L2 = 480 volts 277 480
L2 to L3 = 480 volts volts 480volts
L1 to L3 = 480 volts
277 volts
- Balanced delta current: I L =√ 3 × I θ
volts L
50 L 3
29 amps 1
29
amps 50 L
amps Electromagnetism
amps 2 Whenever current flows a magnetic field exists around
29
the conductor. Every electric current generates a
amps 50 L magnetic field.
amps 3 - Left hand rule for conductors
- Unbalanced delta current If a current carrying conductor is grasped with the left
43.6 L hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of
Coil A Coilamps
B electron flow, the fingers will point in the direction of
1
30 20 the magnetic lines of flux.
amps 28.4
amps L Current carrying coil – a coil of wire carrying current
amps 2 acts like a magnet
Coil C
10 - Left hand rule for coils
30 L The fingers of the left hand are wrapped around the
amps
amps 3 coil in the direction of electron flow. The thumb points
I L 1=√ I A 2+ I B2 +(I A × I B ¿ )¿ to the north pole of the coil
 c. attract, repel d. attract, attract
7. The force that is applied to a conductor to cause current
flow is
a. Voltage b. current
c. power d. coulomb
Problems: 8. Electrons move from
a. Positive to positive
1. An electron forced out of orbit by an external force is called
b. negative to negative
a
c. negative to positive
a. Bond electron
d. both
b. free electron
9. How much charge is represented by 4,600 electrons?
c. valence electron
a. 7.369 x 10-16C b. 7.369 x 10-10C
d. negative electron 12
c. 7.369 x 10 C d. 7.369 x 10-16C
2. Conductors allow ____ to flow when an external electric
10. The total charge that a battery can deliver is usually
force is applied
specified in amperes hours (Ah). Find the number of
a. Electron b. neutron
coulombs corresponding to 1 Ah.
c. proton d. atom
a. 3600 C b. 3400 C
3. Which of the following materials are good conductors?
c. 2400 C d. 1600 C
a. Copper b. aluminum
11. A certain car battery is rated at 400 Ah at 2.5 A, how long
c. glass d. mica
can this battery deliver 2 A?
4. A material that has an excess of electrons is said to have a
a. 150 h b. 200 h
____ charge
c. 160 h d. 205 h
a. Neutral charge b. positive charge
12. How much energy does as 100 W electric bulb consume in
c. negative charge d. both charge
two hours?
5. A material that has a deficiency of electrons is said to have a
a. 700 kJ b. 650 kJ
____ charge.
c. 720 kJ d. 500 kJ
a. Neutral charge b. positive charge
13. How much chemical energy must a 12-V car battery expend
c. negative charge d. both charge
in moving 6.73 x 1010 electrons from its positive terminal to
6. Like charges ____ and unlike charges _____.
negative?
a. Repel, attract b. repel, repel
a. 2.588 x 106J b. 1.588 x 103J
 c. 1.294 x 103J d. 1.739 x 106J 21. Compute the resistance in ohms of the wire 10 m in length
14. How long can a 12 V car battery supply 220 A to a starter having a uniform cross sectional area of 0.001 m2 if the wire
motor if the battery has 3 x 105J of chemical energy that can is made of manganine having a resistivity of 50 x 10-8 Ω-m.
be converted to electrical energy? a. 0.005 b. 0.05
a. 213.4 s b. 113.64 s c. 0.5 d. 0.0005
c. 180.56 s d. 13.6 s 22. How much power does an electric stove absorb if it draws a
15. How many Joules does a 50-W light bulb consume in 1.5 h? current of 8 A when connected to a 220-V line?
a. 350 kJ b. 350 J a. 1760 W b. 176 kW
c. 270 J d. 270 kJ c. 200 W d. 200 kW
16. The basic Ohm’s Law formula is ______. 23. Find the efficiency of operation of an electric motor that
a. E = P/I b. I = E/R delivers 1.5 HP while absorbing an input of 1500 W.
c. P = EI d. P = I2R a. 70.95% b. 78.95%
17. The total current of a simple circuit with a voltage supply of c. 74.6% d. 82.65%
12 volts and a resistance of 24 ohms is ____ amps. 24. Find the current drawn by a dc electric motor that delivers 1
a. 0.05 b. 0.5 HP while operating at 90 percent efficiency from a 220 V
c. 0.25 d. 0.55 line.
18. What is the total resistance of a series circuit with the a. 2.77 A b. 3.9 A
following values: R1 = 10 Ω, R2 = 15 Ω, and R3 = 20 Ω? c. 2.9 d. 3.77 A
a. 50Ω b. 45Ω 25. Two systems are in cascade. One operates with an efficiency
c. 35Ω d. 55Ω of 80 percent and the other with an efficiency of 85%. If the
19. What is the total current of a series circuit that has a 120 input power is 6 kw, what is the output power?
volts supply and 60Ω resistance? a. 4.08 kW b. 5.08 kW
a. 3A b. 4A c. 4.8 kW d. 5.8 kW
c. 5A d. 2A 26. For an electric rate of 3 peso per kWh, what does it cost to
20. With an increase of length or a decrease of cross section of leave a 60-W light bulb on for 24 hrs?
a conductor, resistance will a. 5.32 b. 4.32
a. Increase b. decrease c. 3.32 d. 2.32
c. double d. no effect 27. In a circuit with a 12 volt supply and 4Ω resistance the
power consumed is:
a. 36W b. 30W
 c. 25W d. 50W 33. Three parallel resistors have a total conductance of 2.75 S. If
28. A wire 50 m in length and 2 mm2 in cross section has a two of the resistances are 2 and 3 Ω, what is the third
resistance of 0.56 Ω. A 100 m length of wire of the same resistance?
material has a resistance of 2 Ω at the same temperature. a. 0.54Ω b. 5.4 Ω
Find the diameter of this wire in mils. c. 1.87 Ω d. 0.187Ω
a. 1.19 mils b. 60.3 mils 34. An 80-A current flows into two parallel resistors having
c. 6.30 mils d. 46.85 mils resistances of 10Ω and 15Ω. Find the current in the 15Ω
29. A string of Christmas tree lights consist of eight 5-W, 15-V resistor.
bulbs connected in series. What current flows when the a. 48A b. 32A
string is plugged into a 220-V outlet? c. 3.2A d. 4.8A
a. 0.18 A b. 1.8 A 35. The total resistance of a parallel circuit that has four 20 W
c. 18 A d. 4.8 A resistor is:
30. A 6V, 600 mA bulb is to be used as the dial light in a 200-V a. 3Ω b. 4Ω
radio. What is the resistance of the resistor that should be c. 6Ω d. 5Ω
connected in series with the flashlight bulb to limit the 36. A series circuit consists of a dc voltage source and 3-, 6-, and
current? 7-Ω resistors. If the current is 5 A, find the source voltage.
a. 35.67Ω b. 356.67Ω a. 60 V b. 70 V
c. 35.67 kΩ d. 356.67 kΩ c. 80 V d. 90 V
31. What is the maximum voltage that can be applied across 37. A 50 A current flows into a resistor network described by RT
the series combination of a 120 Ω, 2-W resistor and a 110Ω, = 20 ||(10 + 20||15). Find the current in the 10Ω resistor.
3W resistor without exceeding the power rating of either a. 25.93 A b. 24.07 A
resistor? c. 11.11 A d. 14.82 A
a. 39.7 mV b. 29.69 mV 38. A 220 V source connected to a resistor network described
c. 29.69 V d. 39.7 V by RT = 20 + R|| 10 provides 60-V to the 10Ω resistor. What
32. Find the resistance of sixty 100-Ω resistors connected in is R?
parallel. a. 30Ω b. 35Ω
a. 5.23Ω b. 5.23 mΩ c. 40Ω d. 45Ω
c. 1.67 mΩ d. 1.67 Ω 39. Determine RT in RT = (5||10 + 8 ||20)|| (5 + 3)
a. 3.25Ω b. 4.25Ω
c. 5.25Ω d. 6.25Ω
40. What is the charge stored on a 3 µF capacitor with 15 V c. brass d. copper
across it? 47. When a step transformer is used, the ____ increases.
a. 4.5 µF b. 45 µF a. Power b. voltage
c. 4.5 µC d. 45 µC c. current d. frequency
41. A 20-V source and two capacitors are connected in series. If 48. Which of the following is a short circuit?
one capacitor has 15 µF of capacitance and has 10 V across a. A hot wire touching a grounded metal frame
it, what is the capacitance of the other capacitor? b. a short conductor with a high resistance
a. 1.5 µF b. 15 µF c. arcing between a hot conductor and a metal box
c. 15 mF d. 15 F d. a very low resistance between the circuit conductors
42. Find the voltage induced in a 180 – mH coil when the 49. Which of the following electrical conductor has the highest
current is constant at 5 A. resistance?
a. 1 V b. 0 V a. 3.5 mm2 b. 8.0 mm2
2
c. 2 V d. 3 V c. 2.0 mm d. 5.5 mm2
43. Find the inductance of the inductor that when connected in 50. A conductor having no covering or electrical insulation
parallel with a 30 mH inductor produces at total inductance a. Bare conductor
of 20 mH. b. concealed conduct
a. 60 H b. 60 µH c. encased conductor
c. 60 mH d. 6 Mh d. exposed conductor
44. If the maximum current on a circuit is 70 amperes, the 51. Operation of equipment in excess of normal full load rating
ammeter will read or cf a conductor in excess of rated ampacity.
a. 70A b. 60.4A a. Overload b. overvoltage
c. 49.49A d. 40.62A c. overcurrent d. surge
45. If a 240 volt electric heater is used on a 120 volt circuit the 52. The combined resistance of two equal resistor connected in
amount of heat produced will be ____. parallel is equal to ____ the resistance of one resistor.
a. One half as much a. One half b. twice
b. twice as much c. four times d. one fourth
c. four times as much 53. Which of the following is the poorest conductor of
d. one fourth as much electricity?
46. Which o fhte following has the poorest conductance? a. Aluminum b. copper
a. Aluminum b. carbon c. iron d. carbon
54. Nichrome is commonly used for 59. Mica is good conductor. This statement is
a. Lamp filaments a. True b. false
b. transformer winding c. sometime false d. sometime true
c. heater coils 60. If a “live” conductor of a public supply touches earth metal
d. battery connections a. Supply voltage will increase
55. If a fuse of higher than required current rating is employed b. current will flow
in a circuit, it will c. supply voltage will decrease
a. Blow more frequently since it carries more current d. current will flow to earth
b. afford better protection to the circuit 61. A “short circuit” is that which
c. Seriously overload the circuit a. Uses short pieces of wire
d. Lead to larger maintenance b. goes only a short distance
56. When a low resistance is connected in parallel with a high c. offers very low resistance path for current to flow
resistance, the combined resistance is d. is used for dimming light
a. Always more than the high resistance is 62. A wire connected directly across battery terminals acts as a
b. Always less than the low resistance a. Short circuit
c. Always between the value of high and low resistance b. medium resistance
d. Either lower or higher resistance depending on the c. normal resistance
value of high resistance d. high resistance
57. In most electric irons, the thermostat used for controlling 63. The best way to remove static electricity from a machinery
temperature is is to
a. Vapor filled bulb a. Ground framework
b. high expansion steel rod b. insulate machinery
c. bimetallic strip c. humidity the surrounding air
d. thermocouple d. remove friction
58. For a given line voltage, four heating coils will produce 64. A battery
maximum heat when connected. a. Always absorbs power
a. All parallel b. Always delivers power
b. with two parallel pairs in series c. Can absorb or deliver power depending upon the circuit
c. all in series to which it is connected
d. one pair in parallel other two in series
 d. Absorbs power when the internal resistance is non zero 71. Each phase of three phase AC power is offset by how many
but delivers power when the internal resistance is zero degrees?
65. The storage battery most commonly used in industry today a. 90⁰ b. 120⁰
is c. 45⁰ d. 180⁰
72. What is the instantaneous voltage at 240 degrees for a peak
a. Silver-zinc b. lead-acid voltage of 150 volts?
c. zinc-cadmium d. nickel-calcium
a. 129.9v b. -129.9v
66. High battery voltages can be obtained by c. 150 v d. -150v
a. Connecting cells in series 73. What is the effective voltage for a peak voltage of 150
b. using large size cells volts?
c. connecting cells in parallel a. 120v b. 100v
d. increasing quantity of electrolyte c. 110v d. 106v
67. A dc wattmeter essentially consists of 74. In a circuit containing inductance, capacitance, or both,
a. Two ammeters opposition to current flow is called:
b. a voltmeter and an ammeter a. Resistance b. conductance
c. two voltmeter c. impedance d. susceptance
d. a current and a potential transformer 75. In a 50 hertz circuit, containing a 10 mh inductor, the
68. If an oven toaster has a 200-V heating element with a inductive reactance is _____ ohms.
resistance of 25Ω, what is the minimum rating of a fuse that
a. 3.1416 b. 3.535
can be used in the lines to the heating element?
c. 3.256 d. 3.456
a. 6.8 A b. 7.8 A
c. 8.8 A d. 9.8 A 76. True power is measured in ____
69. Lines of flux always leave the ____ pole and enter the _____ a. Ammeter b. voltmeter
pole. c. wattmeter d. ohmmeter
a. North, south b. south, north 77. An AC circuit is _____ if inductive reactance and capacitive
c. north, north d. south, south reactance are equal.
70. The graphic representation of AC voltage or current values a. Inductive b. capacitive
over a period of time is a: c. resistive d. reactive
a. Cosine wave b. square wave 78. In a 50 hertz circuit, containing a 10 microfarad capacitor,
c. sine wave d. vector the capacitive reactance is ____ ohms.
 a. 300 b. 318
c. 400 d. 350
79. A series AC circuit is _____ if there is more inductive
reactance than capacitive reactance.
a. Inductive b. capacitive
c. resistive d. reactive
80. In a 120 VAC, 60 hertz series circuit, with 1000Ω of
resistance, 1h of inductance and 4 µF of capacitance,
impedance is _____W and current is _____ amps.
a. 950Ω, 150mA b. 900Ω, 125mA
c. 958Ω, 150mA d. 958Ω, 125mA