2023/10/9 22:39 Diarrheal Diseases | Iowa State University --- 腹泻病 |爱荷华州立大学

Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine

兽医诊断和生产动物药品

Diarrheal Diseases 腹泻病

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Diagnostic features and methods

Groups affected 受影响的群
Disease and agent 疾病与媒介
体 诊断特点和方法

Watery diarrhea, possibly vomiting. Minimal lesions; jejunum and ileum

may have mild villous atrophy. Many Gram-negative rods on mucosa.
Neonates one day old to Culture uniform population of E. coli from small intestine. Identify
pigs up to 2-4 weeks enterotoxigenic E. coli enterotoxins(s) and/or pili, usually by PCR. E. coli
Enteric colibacillosis 肠道大肠 postweaning. may also cause fibrinous polyserositis.
杆菌病
Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌 一天大的新生儿到断奶后 2- 水样腹泻，可能呕吐。损伤最小；空肠和回肠可有轻度绒毛萎缩。粘膜上
4 周的猪。 有许多革兰氏阴性杆菌。从小肠培养均匀的大肠杆菌群。通常通过 PCR
鉴定产肠毒素大肠杆菌肠毒素和/或菌毛。大肠杆菌也可能引起纤维素性
多浆膜炎。

Diarrhea, occasional vomiting. Usually nonfatal. Variable enteritis with

Usually 1-6 week old piglets.
Rotaviral enteritis 轮状病毒性 moderate villous atrophy. Identify rotavirus in feces of early cases by EM
Also common about one
肠炎 or ELISA or in small intestinal epithelium by FAT or IHC.
week after weaning.
(Rotavirus, usually group A)
腹泻，偶尔呕吐。通常是非致命的。变异性肠炎伴中度绒毛萎缩。通过
通常是1-6周龄的仔猪。断奶
（轮状病毒，通常为 A 组） EM 或 ELISA 鉴定早期病例粪便中的轮状病毒，或者通过 FAT 或 IHC 鉴
后一周左右也很常见。
定小肠上皮中的轮状病毒。

Acute form: vomiting and very high mortality in piglets <3 weeks old.
Bright yellow feces often seen in older piglets. Marked diarrhea in feeder
age pigs. Acutely infected sows may vomit, are depressed and refuse to
nurse piglets.
All age groups susceptible if
previously unexposed. Most 急性形式：<3 周龄的仔猪出现呕吐和极高的死亡率。亮黄色粪便常见于
Transmissible gastroenteritis
severe in piglets <4 weeks 年长仔猪。饲养龄猪出现明显腹泻。严重感染的母猪可能会呕吐、情绪低
(TGE)
old. 落并拒绝哺乳仔猪。
传染性胃肠炎（TGE）
如果以前未接触过，所有年 Endemic form: similar signs but much less severe and with reduced
Coronavirus 新冠病毒 龄段的人都易感。 4周龄以 mortality. FAT or IHC on intestine of acutely affected pigs or PCR on
下的仔猪最为严重。 feces from acutely affected pigs.
地方性形式：相似的症状，但严重程度要低得多，死亡率也较低。对受急
性感染的猪的肠道进行 FAT 或 IHC，或对受急性感染的猪的粪便进行
PCR。

Mesocolonic edema and colon filled with creamy diarrhea.

Piglets 2-10 days of age
Microscopically, there is multifocal suppurative and erosive colitis. The
Clostridium difficile-associated with diarrhea, variable
presence of C. difficileenterotoxin is confirmed by ELISA test on fresh
enterotoxemia morbidity and low mortality
feces.
艰难梭菌相关肠毒血症 2-10 日龄仔猪腹泻，发病率
结肠系膜水肿和结肠充满奶油状腹泻。镜下可见多灶性化脓性糜烂性结肠
不一，死亡率低
炎。通过新鲜粪便的 ELISA 测试证实了艰难梭菌肠毒素的存在。

Minimal gross lesions, similar to colibacillosis. Microscopically there is

Piglets 2-10 days of age
Clostridium perfringens type A-
with diarrhea, variable
associated enterotoxemia
morbidity and low mortality
A 型产气荚膜梭菌相关肠毒血
2-10 日龄仔猪腹泻，发病率
症
不一，死亡率低
mild multifocal suppurative enteritis with large Gram-positive rods.
Isolation and genotyping of an enterotoxigenic (beta 2 toxin) C.
perfringens type A is warranted.
最小的肉眼病变，类似于大肠杆菌病。显微镜下可见轻度多灶性化脓性肠
炎，伴有大的革兰氏阳性杆菌。有必要对产肠毒素（β2 毒素）产气荚膜
梭菌 A 型进行分离和基因分型。

Salmonellosis 沙门氏菌病
Usually Salmonella serotypes
Choleraesuis, Typhimurium, or
Heidelberg
通常是猪霍乱沙门氏菌、鼠伤
寒沙门氏菌或海德堡沙门氏菌
血清型
Other salmonellae are
commonly isolated but primary
https://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/FSVD/swine/index-diseases/diarrheal-diseases
More common in weaned Intestinal form: Necrotizing enteritis of large and small intestine.
and growing pigs. All ages Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Congested lungs. Chronic cases
susceptible if previously may have rectal strictures or “button ulcers” in large intestine.
unexposed.
肠道形式：大肠和小肠坏死性肠炎。肠系膜淋巴结肿大。肺部充血。慢性
多见于断奶猪和生长猪。如 病例可能有直肠狭窄或大肠“纽扣溃疡”。
果以前未接触过，所有年龄
Septicemic form: Red/purple skin lesions on ears, tail, snout, feet,
段的人都易感。
abdomen. Congested lungs, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Perhaps
gray foci in liver.
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role in disease is often unclear.
其他沙门氏菌通常是分离的，
但在疾病中的主要作用往往不
清楚。
Swine dysentery 猪痢疾
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
猪痢疾短螺旋体
PreviouslySerpulina
or Treponema
以前蛇螺旋体或密螺旋体
Proliferative enteritis 增殖性肠 Weaned pigs and all older
炎 swine.
Lawsonia intracellularis 胞内劳
断奶猪和所有老年猪。
森菌
Whipworm infection 鞭虫感染
Trichuris suis 猪鞭虫
Diarrheal diseases at various ages
不同年龄段的腹泻疾病
Infection with and/or agent
和/或病原体感染
Enterotoxigenic E. coli 产肠毒素大肠杆
++++
菌 者）
Rotaviral infection 轮状病毒感染
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
(TGE)
传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGE）
Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌
Clostridium perfringensType A
产气荚膜梭菌A型
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Diarrheal Diseases | Iowa State University --- 腹泻病 |爱荷华州立大学
败血症形式：耳朵、尾巴、鼻子、脚、腹部出现红色/紫色皮肤损伤。肺
部充血、脾肿大、肝肿大。也许肝脏中有灰色病灶。
Diagnosis: Severe septicemia or necrotizing enterocolitis. Culture
Salmonella from lymph nodes, liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, perhaps
brain if CNS signs.
诊断：严重败血症或坏死性小肠结肠炎。从淋巴结、肝脏、肺、脾、肾培
养沙门氏菌，如果有中枢神经系统症状，则可能从大脑中培养沙门氏菌。
Histology: Paratyphoid nodules in liver.
组织学：肝脏中的副伤寒结节。
Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea (fresh mucus and fresh blood) is very
suggestive. Mucohemorrhagic to fibrinonecrotic typhlitis and colitis but
no lesions in small intestine.
粘液出血性腹泻（新鲜粘液和新鲜血液）非常有提示性。粘膜出血性纤维
From 3 weeks to adults if 蛋白坏死性盲肠炎和结肠炎，但小肠无病变。
previously unexposed.
Histology: Lesions largely restricted to mucosa with organisms in
如果以前未接触过，从 3 周 epithelium and crypts. CultureB. hyodysenteriae from mucosa or feces.
到成人。
组织学：病变主要局限于粘膜，上皮和隐窝中有生物体。文化 B.来自粘
膜或粪便的猪痢疾。
Note: Brachyspira pilosicoli is a sporadic cause of colitis.
注意：毛状短螺旋体是结肠炎的散发性病因。
Signs: Subclinical disease with weight loss most consistent sign.
Clinically affected have either an acute form with hemorrhagic diarrhea
or chronic form with diarrhea and wasting.
体征：亚临床疾病与体重减轻最为一致的体征。临床上受影响的有急性形
式的出血性腹泻或慢性形式的腹泻和消瘦。
Lesions: Thickening of mucosa of jejunum and/or ileum and/or colon.
Curved bacilli in affected enterocytes. PCR (feces) and IHC (lesions)
confirm organism and disease.
病变：空肠和/或回肠和/或结肠粘膜增厚。受影响的肠细胞中的弯曲杆
菌。 PCR（粪便）和 IHC（病变）可确认微生物和疾病。
Mucoid or mucohemorrhagic diarrhea with loss of condition is
suggestive. Inflammatory nodules, often with protruding parasites, in
mucosa of large intestine. Signs similar to those of swine dysentery and
Feeder/finishers and mature
they can occur together. No eggs apparent until 8 weeks post-infection.
swine
Early cases diagnosed by histopathology or mucosal scrapings.
饲喂猪/育肥猪和成年猪
粘液样或粘液出血性腹泻伴病情恶化提示。大肠粘膜中的炎性结节，通常
带有突出的寄生虫。症状与猪痢疾相似，并且可以同时出现。直到感染后
8 周才出现明显的虫卵。早期病例通过组织病理学或粘膜刮片诊断。
Unweaned piglets 未断奶仔 Nursery pigs 保育 Adults 成年
Grow/finish pigs 生长/肥育猪
猪 猪 人
+ (early grower) +（早期种植
+++
+ (early grower) +（早期种植
++++ +++
者）
++++ +++ +++ +++
++++
++++
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2023/10/9 22:39 Diarrheal Diseases | Iowa State University --- 腹泻病 |爱荷华州立大学
Clostridium perfringensType C
++++ + (rare) +（罕见）
C型产气荚膜梭菌

Coccidiosis 球虫病
++++ ++ +
Isospora suis 猪等孢子虫
Salmonellosis 沙门氏菌病 + ++ ++++ +
Swine dysentery 猪痢疾
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
+ ++ ++++ ++
猪痢疾短螺旋体

Proliferative enteropathies
增殖性肠病 ++ ++++ ++
Lawsonia intracellularis 胞内劳森菌
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
(exotic)
+++ +++ ++++ ++++
猪流行性腹泻病毒（外来）

Whipworm infection 鞭虫感染

++ ++++ +++
Trichuris suis 猪鞭虫

Key: 钥匙：
Clear cells indicate groups that seldom, if ever, are infected; 1+, 2+, and 3+ indicate increasing frequencies of infection, with 4+
indicating the age groups that most often are infected.
透明细胞表示很少（如果有的话）被感染的群体； 1+、2+ 和 3+ 表示感染频率增加，4+ 表示最常被感染的年龄组。
CNS-central nervous system
CNS-中枢神经系统
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA 酶联免疫吸附测定
EM-electron microscopy EM-电子显微镜
FAT-fluorescent antibody
FAT荧光抗体
IHC-immunohistochemistry
IHC-免疫组织化学
PCR-polymerase chain reaction
PCR聚合酶链式反应

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