CHAPTER THREE

3.1 MATERIALS

1. Pipe (Mild steel) thickness 3mm – 4mm

2. Sheet metal thickness 5mm – 7mm
3. Filling disc
4. Cutting disc
5. Electrode gauge 10
6. Temperature gauge (200degree)
7. Pressure gauge (10 bar)
8. Pressure release valve (1/2 inch)
9. Bolts and Nuts
10.Paint

3.1.1 Tools and equipments

1. Welding machines
2. Grading machines
3. Drilling machine
4. Hawk saw
5. Hammer
6. Striking bar

3.2 Methods

- Design of the reactor need to be done on paper and then take your estimate
on how to carry it out;
- The material need to be purchase from the market.
- Then the cutting of the material to the desire length and size and also the
drilling where it need to be drill.
- After cutting, fix the machine to power and start joining already cut material
and forming desire shape of the reactor.
- Proceed on fixing of gauges (temperature and pressure) and also pressure
release valve.
- Examine the constructed reactor to see if there is leakage before use.
- After making sure it all good the reactor is ready for use.
 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After following all the procedures and methods we are able to come up with a
well-constructed reactor. How it started and ended, the result and the discussion is
shown below:

Fig 1. Design of the reactor and dimension

At this stage, the designing of the reactor how it look like it comprises of the
dimension and the amount of holes needed for bolts tightening and also for the
pressure gauge, temperature gauge etc. Without this stage the construction might
have problem.
Fig 2. Cutting of materials

After the design has been done, we went straight to cutting. The cutting of the
material is what is taking place in the picture the cylinder is cut and also the top
cover with will be further drill.

Fig 3. Welding of the top cover

The welding of the top cover in process, this is where the pipes for the temperature
and pressure gauge also with the pressure release valve are being weld. The
handles for the reactor is weld on the top cover as you can see the drilling for the
bolts and nuts has been done.

Fig. 4 Unfinished reactor

This is the picture of unfinished reactor standing and the top cover being placed on
it but not yet bolted. At this stage the top cover is being set to see whether is
accurate or not.
Fig 5. Well bolted reactor

This is the picture of well bolted and constructed reactor the gauges and valves are
yet to be fixed at this stage the reactor has been tested to see whether there is any
leakage but it is confirm it’s well set and ready for work.
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 CONCLUSION

The design and fabrication of an essential oil reactor are crucial steps in the
production of essential oils through various extraction methods. The successful
design and fabrication of the reactor require careful consideration of several factors
to ensure efficient and safe operations.

The selection of suitable materials is of utmost importance to withstand the

corrosive nature of essential oils and the extraction process. Stainless steel or other
chemically resistant materials are commonly used to construct the reactor, ensuring
durability and preventing contamination of the essential oils.

The design of the essential oil reactor should take into account the specific
extraction method being employed, such as steam distillation, hydrodistillation, or
solvent extraction. It should provide adequate space for plant material, steam or
solvent circulation, and proper agitation mechanisms to maximize extraction
efficiency. The reactor design should also incorporate safety features, such as
pressure relief valves and temperature control systems, to prevent accidents and
ensure operator safety.

The work or construction was successful at the end of the day despite the
challenges encountered but it came to conclusion we were able to come up with a
well-constructed reactor for the essential oil extractor and its working fine.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific extraction method to be

employed, such as steam distillation, hydrodistillation, or solvent extraction. This
understanding will guide the design and fabrication process, ensuring that the
reactor meets the requirements of the chosen extraction method.
2. Choose high-quality materials that are resistant to corrosion and chemically
compatible with essential oils. Stainless steel, particularly food-grade stainless
steel, is often preferred due to its durability and resistance to chemical reactions.
Consider the specific requirements of the extraction process and select materials
accordingly to ensure the longevity of the reactor.
3. Incorporate safety features into the reactor design to protect operators and prevent
accidents. This may include pressure relief valves, temperature control systems,
and emergency shut-off mechanisms. Ensure compliance with relevant safety
standards and regulations.
4. Design the reactor to maximize extraction efficiency. Consider factors such as the
capacity of the reactor, proper agitation mechanisms, and efficient circulation of
steam or solvent. The reactor should provide adequate space for plant material and
promote thorough mixing for optimal extraction.
5. Implement stringent quality control measures throughout the fabrication process.
Perform thorough inspections and tests to ensure the integrity and functionality of
the reactor. This may involve pressure testing, leak testing, and verifying proper
functionality of safety features.
6. Seek guidance from experts in the field of essential oil extraction and reactor
design. Their experience and knowledge can provide valuable insights and help
optimize the design and fabrication process.
7. Foster a culture of continuous improvement in the design and fabrication of
essential oil reactors. Stay updated with the latest advancements in extraction
technology and incorporate innovative features into the reactor design to enhance
efficiency and productivity.
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