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MTH101 Lec#2
MTH101 Lec#2
MTH101 Lec#2
Lecture # 2
Calculus 1
Dr. Tanvir Akbar Kiyani
Arithmetic operations on functions
Given functions f and g , we define
( f + g )( x) = f ( x) + g ( x)
( f − g )( x) = f ( x) − g ( x)
( fg )( x) = f ( x) g ( x)
( f / g )( x) = f ( x) / g ( x)
1
• 2
(a) f (t ) (b) f (c) f ( x + h)
x
Composition of functions
Given functions f andg , the composition of f with g , denoted by f g ,
is defined by
( f g )( x) = f ( g ( x))
Consider h( x) = ( x + 1) 2
Let g ( x) = x + 1, f ( x) = x then h in terms of
2
f and g can be
written as
h( x) = ( x + 1) = g ( x) = f ( g ( x))
2 2
Upward shift
Functions: Translation
(ii) Subtracting a positive constant c from the function
y=f(x) shifts the graph down by c units.
Left shift
Functions: Translation
(iii) If a positive constant c is subtracted from x ,
then the graph of f is shifted right by c units.
Right shift
Translations
Stretches vertically
Functions: Stretches and Compressions
Compresses vertically
Functions: Stretches and Compressions
Multiplying x by a positive constant c has the geometric effect
of compressing the graph of f(x) by a factor of c in the x-
direction if c > 1 and stretching it by a factor of 1/c if 0< c <1.
Horizontal compression
Functions: Stretches and Compressions
Horizontal stretch
Symmetry
Symmetry tests:
• A plane curve is symmetric about the y-axis if and
only if replacing x by –x in its equation produces
an equivalent equation.
• A plane curve is symmetric about the x-axis if and
only if replacing y by –y in its equation produces an
equivalent equation.
• A plane curve is symmetric about the origin if and
only if replacing both x by –x and y by –y in its
equation produces an equivalent equation.
Symmetry
Example 8: Determine whether the graph has symmetric
about x-axis, the y-axis, or the origin.
(a) x = 5y + 9
2
(b) xy = 5
Even and Odd function
A function f is said to be an even function if
f(x)=f(-x)
And is said to be an odd function if
f(-x)=-f(x)
Examples:
Even and Odd function