EARLY PHILIPPINE ▪ Ulog or olog, female ■ Harun, stairs where women

SHELTERS dormitory. often wash clothes and kitchen

TABON CAVE COMPLEX ▪ Al-kang, storage for food, utensils.
-first establish the presence of jewelry and wine jars.
humans in the Philippines ▪ Akhamang, rice granary. BAHAY SINUG
during ▪ Falinto-og, pig pens. TAUSOG HOUSE
BALE ■ House building can be
the Pleistocene.
IFUGAO HOUSE construed as corresponding to
TAU’T BATU
■ Abong, dwelling for the poor. the birth of a human.
-still continue the primeval
■ Support system: four posts, ■ Tadjuk pasung finials.
practice of living in caves
two girders, three joists or TOROGAN
IDJANG
beams. MARANAO HOUSE
-ROCK-HEWN
■ Halipan, rat guard. ■ Mala-a-walai, traditional
PINANAHANG
■ “The house as a womb.” large house.
-LEAN TO
BINANGIYAN ■ Lawig, small house.
KALINGA TREE HOUSE
KANKANAI HOUSE ■ The panolong (decorative
■ Apa or inapa, for poorer beam
PRE-COLONIAL VERN.
families; temporary abode. ends) are often with pako
ARCH.
■ Allao, more temporary. rabong
tropical characteristics of
RAKUH and naga carvings.
Southeast Asian
IVATAN HOUSE ■ Lamin, lady’s dormitory
domestic architecture:
■ Thick thatch, walls mortared tower.
▪ An elevated living floors
with stone or plastered with
▪ Buoyant rectangular volume
white lime. Features of Vernacular
▪ Raised pile foundation
■ Wooden post and lintel Architecture
▪ Voluminous thatched roof
framework is implanted in the ▪ The builders are non-
walls. professional architects or
BINURON
BAHAY KUBO engineers.
ISNEG HOUSE
LOWLAND DWELLING ▪ There is constant adaptation,
Roof suggests an inverted
■ “The passively-cooled using natural materials, to the
hull.
house.” geographical environment.
■ Exposed floor joists outside
■ Porous surfaces ▪ The actual process of
suggest the profile of a boat.
■ Horizontality of windows construction involves intuitive
■ Datag or Xassaran, main
■ Roof and window overhangs thinking and is open to later
section.
■ Surrounding gardens modifications.
■ Tamuyon, slightly raised
▪ There is balance between
platform on three sides.
Interior Spaces social/economic functionality
BINAYON
Primary spaces and aesthetic features.
KALINGA HOUSE
▪ Living room ▪ Styles are subject to the
Octagonal in plan; exterior
▪ Kitchen and service area evolution of traditional patterns
features are not strongly
(dapogan, banggerahan, and specific to an ethnic domain.
defined.
batalan)
■ Dataggon, central section.
Secondary spaces SPANISH COLONIAL ARCH’L
■ Sipi, slightly elevated side
▪ Dining Reducción
sections.
▪ Silong and balkon The formerly scattered barangays
FAY-U
▪ Bedrooms were brought together and
BONTOC HOUSE
Katyufong, dwelling for the reduced in number and made
LEPA into compact and larger
poor.
BADJAO BOAT-HOUSE
■ Kol-lob, residence of widows communities to facilitate
■ No outriggers, roofed, loose
or unmarried old women; can religious conversion and cultural
and detachable structure.
also be called katyufong. change. Bajo de las campana,
■ Djenging, has outriggers,
INAGAMANG under the sound of the bells
roofed, walled in on all sides
BONTOC IN SAGADA
by wooden boards.
Agamang, upper level granary.
■ Dapang or Vinta, not roofed,
Other building types
only used for fishing and short
▪ Afong, family residence.
trips.
▪ Ato, council house and
LUMA
dormitory of the young and old
BADJAO LANDHOUSE
unmarried males.
Encomienda
The colony was divided into
parcels assigned to a Spanish
colonist (encomendero) who was
mandated to “allocate, allot or
distribute” the resources of the
domain
System of Cities and Towns
The institution of a hierarchal
settlement system. Cabecera
(city) or poblacion (town), core of
the municipality. Barrios,
adjacent barangays.
Intramuros
■ Patterned after the walled
fortresses of Europe
■ Reserved for the nobility and
the clergy.
Extramuros
Living beyond the walls.
▪ Pueblos, villages outside the
walls.
▪ Parian, a separate urban
quarter designated to the
Chinese community .
▪ Dilao, Japanese community.
Cuadricula
A system of streets and blocks
laid out in a grid pattern, with
uniform precision.
The Laws of the Indies, 1573
▪ Characteristics:
▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪ a central plaza, a defensive wall,
and zones for churches, shops,
government buildings, hospitals,
and slaughterhouses.
▪ Encapsulates the classicist
theories of urban design
proposed by Vitruvius and
Alberti.
Plaza Complex
Grid pattern of streets with the
main plaza at the center
surrounded by the church, the
tribunal, other government
buildings, and the marketplace.
Colonial Infrastructures
New building typologies and
construction technology
was introduced
CHURCHES
PARTS OF A CHURCH:
▪ Altar mayor, main altar.
▪ Sagrario, tabernacle.
▪ Pulpito, pulpit.
▪ Retablo, elaborately
ornamented altar screen.
▪ Sacristia, where the priest and
his assistants put on
their robes before the mass.
▪ Coro, choir loft.
▪ Tribunas, screened gallery.
Church Complex
▪ Church
▪ Convento, parish house or
rectory.
▪ Campanarios, bell towers.
San Agustin Church
Intramuros, Manila.
■ The Church of the Immaculate
Conception of San Agustín.
■ First church to be built in
Luzon.
■ Only structure in Intramuros to
survive WWII.
■ High Baroque style retablo.
■ Ceiling paintings in the trompe
l’oeil style.
■ Chinese fu dogs at the entrance
Paoay Church
Paoay, Ilocos Norte.
■ Saint Augustine Church.
■ Most outstanding example in
the Philippines of 'Earthquake
Baroque'.
■ Volutes of contrafuertes
(buttresses) and in the pyramidal
finials of wall facades.
■ Massive coral stone belltower
Miag-ao Church
Miag-ao, Iloilo.
■ Sto. Tomas de Villanueva
Church
■ Stands on the highest point of
Miag-ao, its towers serving as
lookouts against Muslim raids.
■ It is the finest surviving
example of 'Fortress Baroque'.
■ The facade epitomizes the
Filipino transfiguration of
western decorative elements
Santa Maria Church
Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur.
■ Church of Nuestra Señora de la
Asunción.
■ Situated on a hill surrounded
by a defensive wall.
■ Separate pagoda-like bell tower
at the midpoint of the nave wall.
■ The brick walls are devoid of
ornament but have delicately
carved side entrances and strong
buttresses
CONSERVATION
▪ RA 10066 (National Heritage
Law)
▪ RA 10086 (National Historical
Commission of the Philippines
Law)
FORTRESSES
Parts of a Fort
▪ Cortinas, thick perimeter walls.
▪ Bastiones or baluartes, four-
sided bulwarks skirting the
cortinas on both ends.
▪ Foso, moat.
▪ Casamatas, stone embrasures
where artilleries were propped
up.
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
Ayuntamiento
Intramuros, Manila.
■ Also known as Casa del
Ayuntamiento, Casa del Cabildo,
Casa Consistorial, or Casa Real.
■ As a seat of colonial
governance, it housed several
administrative offices and
archives
Palacio Real
Intramuros, Manila.
■ Also known as Palacio del
Gobernador General.
■ Residence of the highest official
of the land.
■ Malacañang Palace, the
summer residence of the
Governor General.
Other civic buildings
▪ Real Audiencia, or Tribunal, trial
court.
▪ Aduana, customs house.
▪ Hacienda Publica, treasury.
▪ Municipio, Casa de Municipal,
or Casa Real, a smaller
version of the Ayuntamiento in
the provincial towns.
▪ Casa Hacienda, expansive
structures housing spaces
for the administrators and his
workers on a landed estate
Educational and Scientific
Buildings
Schools
University of Sto. Tomas, Manila.
Oldest established university in
Asia.
■ Colegio or universidad, found
in the urban areas.
■ Escuela primaria, found in
different pueblos.
Hospitals
▪ Hospital Real, first hospital;
built by the Franciscans;
catered only to the Spaniards.
▪ Hospital de San Gabriel, for the
Chinese in Binondo.
▪ Hospital de San Lazaro, for the
lepers
Observatories
▪ Observatorio Astronomico y
Meteorologico de Manila,
or the Manila Observatory;
established by the Jesuits to
assist in forecasting typhoons
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
Bridges
■ Puente de España
Train Stations
■ The Tutuban Station of the
ManilaDagupan railway line
Lighthouses
■ The Pasig Farola, the oldest
lighthouse in the Philippines
Water System
■ The Carriedo Waterworks
installed the piped-in water
system
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
Shops
■ Alcaiceria de San Fernando,
very first large commercial
structure; silk market in Binondo;
housed stores for Chinese
merchants and government
offices.
■ Tabacaleras, tobacco and cigar
factories; Cigarreras, female
workers.
■ The bahay na bato was later
retrofitted to have room for
commercial function.
■ Sari-sari store and carinderias.
Hotels
■ Hotel la Palma de Mallorca,
Hotel de Paris, and Hotel de
Espana, foremost hotels in
Intramuros.
■ Casas de huespedes, boarding
houses; less expensive lodgings.
Banks
■ Banco Español-Filipino de
Isabel II, first bank built; initially
housed in the Aduana
DOMESTIC STRUCTURES
Accesorias
■ Apartment dwellings
■ Evolved from the need of
migrant laborers for cheap
housing in commercial and
industrial areas.
■ Vivienda, each unit; has a
zaguan, sala and sleeping
quarters
BAHAY NA BATO
A housing prototype which
combined elements of the
indigenous and Hispanic building
traditions to prevent the dangers
posed by fire, earthquakes and
cyclones
Arquitectura Mestiza
▪ A new hybrid-type of
construction, coined by Jesuit
Francisco Ignacio Alcina, which
refers to structures built partly of
wood and partly of stone.
Characteristics of a Bahay na bato
▪ Generally has two storeys, at
times three.
▪ The ground floor is made of cut
stone or brick, the
upper of wood.
▪ Windows: ground floor,
grillworks; second floor, sliding
shutters with capiz shells or glass
panels.
▪ Capped by a high hip roof with a
45-degree-angle pitch
Parts Ground floor
■ Cochera, driveway or garage.
■ Zaguan, vestibule or storage;
usually for the caroza.
■ Entresuelo, mezzanine area, for
offices or servants’ quarters.
■ Cuadra, horse stables.
■ Cocina, kitchen
■ Escalera, wooden staircase.
Parts Second floor
■ Caida or ante-sala, interior
overhanging veranda; most
immediate room from the stairs.
■ Sala, living room.
■ Baño, bathroom.
■ Latrina, toilet.
■ Cocina, kitchen.
■ Comedor, dining area.
■ Azotea, outdoor terrace,
located beside a balon or over an
aljibe(water cistern).
■ Cuarto, bedroom.
■ Galeria volada or corredor,
flying wooden gallery.
■ Oratorio, praying area.
■ Callado, wooden fretwork on
top of partitions.
■ Pasamano, window sill.
■ Ventanillas, vents beneath the
window sill which reach to the
floor.
■ Barandillas, wooden balusters