Power System – Fast Training

Program

Inst. Ahmed M.
A/Hafeez

SDLC PSD-FTP 1
SDLC PSD-FTP 2
 Agenda
• AVR definition.

• Types of AVRs.

• VR3 System Operation.

– VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead).
– VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (4/6 Lead).
– VR3 w/ SR4 Generator PM.
• VR3 Attachments.
– Remote Voltage Control, Series Boost, Manual Voltage Control, Voltage Droop.

• Bench Test

SDLC PSD-FTP 3
• Automatic voltage regulator (AVR)

– Regulates generator voltage.

– Improved system stability through the excitation control.

SDLC PSD-FTP 4
SDLC PSD-FTP 5
 CAT Voltage Regulators

VR3

VR6

DVR

CDVR
SDLC PSD-FTP 6
 System Operation
SDLC PSD-FTP 7
 VR3 Voltage Regulator

• VR3 uses to keep generator output voltage at rated value.

• There are two control on the VR3:

– Voltage level rheostat (1).

(1) (2)

– Voltage gain rheostat (2).

SDLC PSD-FTP 8
 VR3 Voltage Regulator
• The VR3 voltage
regulator is uses with
self-excited generators
and permanent magnet
generators.

SDLC PSD-FTP 9
 SR4 Generator SE (4/6 Lead)

SR4 Generator PM

SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead)

SDLC PSD-FTP 10
 VR3 Voltage Regulator

• VR3 operation differ from generator type to another

(SE (10/12 lead), SE (4/6 lead) & PM).

SDLC PSD-FTP 11
 VR3 Voltage Regulator
• There are two VR3 regulators:

– One fuse (earlier version).

– Two fuse (current version).

• Note:
Fuses limit the field
current in case of a
short circuit.

SDLC PSD-FTP 12
 VR3 Terminals
Terminals F1 & F2
Exciter field connection (F1+) , (F2-)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Terminal 30
Internally jumpered to 20. This is the power supply
Level Gain connection

Terminal 28
Used when VR3 is connected for single phase sensing.
A jumper must be connected between 20 & 28 .
Sensing lines are connected to 24 & 20

20 22 24 26 28 30 F1 F2

Terminal 26
Not used. Can be used as a tie point for a line to neutral
frequency meter

Terminals 20, 22, 24

Sensing terminals for 3 phase sensing

SDLC PSD-FTP 13
 VR3 Terminals
Terminals 2 & 3
When the generator is overloaded the VR3 will force the field for for ±10
seconds.Internal circuits will sense this and stop field excitation.
excitation. At
this moment a signal of 12 Volts will be present at the terminals
terminals 2 &
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3. This signal will disappear after the VR3 senses no voltage.

Level Gain
Terminals 4 & 7
Jumper connections if internal voltage level
potentiometer is used.

Terminals 5 & 6
Connection for a 8  voltage droop potentiometer.

Terminals 6 & 7
20 22 24 26 28 30 F1 F2 Connection points for an external 10K voltage level
potentiometer.(Remove jumper 4-7)

Terminals 8
Used by factory for alignment purposes.

Terminals 9
Available to connect a KVAR controller.

SDLC PSD-FTP 14
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead)
• VR3 regulator uses three phase
to sense the output voltage
through terminal 20, 22 and 24.

• VR3 regulates voltage based on

V/Hz.

• The sensing terminals also

function to provide AC power
for excitation to the VR3.

SDLC PSD-FTP 15
 SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead)

SDLC PSD-FTP 16
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead) –
continued

• The VR3 regulator rectifies the AC voltage and control

the excitation current to exciter stator.

SDLC PSD-FTP 17
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (10/12 Lead) –
continued

• Note:

VR3 regulators are sensitive to A-B-C phase rotation.

Connections must be; T7 to 22, T8 to 24 and T9 to 20.

SDLC PSD-FTP 18
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (4/6 Lead)

• VR3 regulator uses three phase to sense the

output voltage through terminal 20, 22 and 24.

• VR3 regulates voltage based on V/Hz.

• Wires 20,22 and 24 are used to provide AC

power to step-down power transformer (PT).

SDLC PSD-FTP 19
 SR4 Generator SE (4/6 Lead)

SDLC PSD-FTP 20
SDLC PSD-FTP 21
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator SE (4/6 Lead) –
continued

• The regulator rectifies the AC voltage and control the

excitation current to the exciter stator.

• The fuses limit the field current in the case of an

internal short circuit or loss of sensing signal.

SDLC PSD-FTP 22
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator PM

• VR3 regulator uses three phase to

sense the output voltage through
terminal 20, 22 and 24.

• VR3 regulates voltage based on

V/Hz.

• Three phase line from the PM

stator are used to provide AC
power for excitation to the VR3.

SDLC PSD-FTP 23
 SR4 Generator PM

SDLC PSD-FTP 24
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator PM – continued

• The regulator rectifies the three phase AC voltage to

DC voltage.

• VR3 control the DC excitation voltage based on the

level of the sensing voltage.

• VR3 passes the excitation voltage to the exciter stator

through F1 & F2.

SDLC PSD-FTP 25
VR3 connection PM

24
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
L4
20

22
+L3 - 20

24
20 22 24 26 28 30 F1 F2

L2

F2
F1
L1
11

12
N
S
13

SDLC PSD-FTP 26
 VR3 w/ SR4 Generator PM – continued

• Note:
PM stator fuses limit the
field current in the case of an
external short circuit or loss of
sensing signal.
&
VR3 fuses are used to
protect it from internal faults
and exciter faults.

SDLC PSD-FTP 27
 VR3 Voltage Regulator

• Note:
VR3 regulators include an overcurrrent shutoff to
protect generator component.

The overcurrrent shutoff will trip when the RPM is

low for extended period and it will reset when the
generator is completely shutoff.

SDLC PSD-FTP 28
 Attachments
SDLC PSD-FTP 29
 VR3 Voltage Regulator

• The VR3 voltage regulators have five attachments:

• Remote Voltage Control

• Manual Voltage Control
• Series Boost
• Single Phase Sensing
• Voltage Droop Transformer and Adjustment Rheostat for
Parallel Operation.

SDLC PSD-FTP 30
 Remote Voltage Control

• Voltage level can be controlled by

connecting a remote
potentiometer between terminals
6 & 7.

• Jumper between 4 & 7 must be

removed for remote voltage
control.

SDLC PSD-FTP 31
 Series Boost
• Lets self-excited generators
stay on the line, for
approximate 10 seconds when
there is a short in the
generating or load circuits.

• This gives the circuit breakers

a chance to trip in sequence to
have a less chance of loosing
all the electrical system
power.

SDLC PSD-FTP 32
 Manual Voltage Control

• Can be used to control generator voltage when there is

a failure in the regulator, it will manually control the
current flow to exciter stator.

• The manual voltage panel has switch and voltage

rheostat for manual control operation.

SDLC PSD-FTP 33
 Manual Voltage Control – continued

• Note:
The manual voltage control panel must be
installed in a location that is subject to engine
vibrations or directly to outside weather.

When the manual voltage control is operating in

the manual mode it must be connected to sensing
line No. 20 & 24,and it is not necessary for the VR3
to be connected to the generator.

SDLC PSD-FTP 34
 Voltage Droop

• Operation of generators in
parallel required voltage droop
as reactive load is increased.

• To provide voltage droop

function droop transformer
and adjustment rheostat are
required.

SDLC PSD-FTP 35
When servicing or repairing electric power generation equipment, do the
following:
a. Make sure the unit is off-line (disconnected from utility and/or other
generators power service), and either locked out or tagged "DO NOT
OPERATE".
b. Make sure the generator engine is stopped.
c. Make sure all batteries are disconnected.
d. Make sure all capacitors are discharged.
When power generation equipment must be in operation to make tests
and/or adjustments, high voltage and current are present. Make sure the
testing equipment is designed for and correctly operated for the high
voltage and current tests being made. Improper test equipment may fail
and present a high voltage shock hazard to its user.

SDLC PSD-FTP 36
VR3 Bench test 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Level Gain

20 22 24 26 28 30 F1 F2

AC Power
220 to 240 for 60Hz
180 to 200 for 50 Hz

SDLC PSD-FTP 37
 1. Construct and connect the bench test circuit.
2. To set the regulator for the required single phase sensing. Install jumper
between 20 & 28.
The jumper between 4 & 7 is always present unless a remote voltage control is
attached.
3. Turn the switch to the OFF position. AC power source must be:
60 Hz units . . . 220 to 240 VAC
50 Hz units . . . 180 to 200 VAC
4. Remove protective screws from rheostats (Voltage Level and Gain).
5. Turn voltage level rheostat and voltage gain rheostat counterclockwise until
the rheostat ratchets.
6. Turn the switch to the ON position.
7. Turn voltage level rheostat clockwise until the light first turns ON
(approximately ten turns). The light should increase and decrease in intensity
as rheostat is turned clockwise and counterclockwise respectively. After 10 to
15 seconds at maximum intensity, the light should go OFF.

SDLC PSD-FTP 38
 If the light operates as described:
Regulator is okay.

If light (5) reacts other than described:

Replace VR3 regulator.

NOTE:
To retest the regulator, if the light operated as described,
turn the switch to the OFF position for 15 seconds. If this is not done
the light will not turn back ON.

SDLC PSD-FTP 39
 Troubleshooting
SDLC PSD-FTP 40
Troubleshooting
• Check for loose or corroded terminals.

• Make sure wire connections are correct. Check the accuracy of

the voltmeter and frequency meter.
• To reduce troubleshooting time, simplify the system or circuit by
eliminating non-essential components such as remote voltage
control, manual control, etc.

• If, at this point, it is determined that the basic system is

functioning, the circuits or components can be added back in, one at
a time until the problem is located.

SDLC PSD-FTP 41
• If elimination of non-essential components does not correct the
problem, the troubleshooting procedure will check components in the
basic system.

• If all other basic components (i.e. rotating field assembly, exciter

stator, etc.) are operating correctly, then replace the VR3 regulator.

SDLC PSD-FTP 42
 NOTE:
Do not operate the generator with sensing leads 20, 22
and 24 disconnected or with the fuses removed. To do so will
result in high unstable generator output voltage.

SDLC PSD-FTP 43
A Case Study
No AC Voltage

24
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
L4
20

22
+L3 - 20

24
20 22 24 26 28 30 F1 F2

L2

F2
F1
L1
11

12
13

SDLC PSD-FTP 44
SDLC PSD-FTP 47