‘Thomases Honors Biology Name: Per Mitosis Works! t & Diagram Identification Label the parts of the cell cycle diagram and briefly describe what is happening: ‘| Interphase - growth and replication of DNA B | G1 growth (G1 checkpoint- cell size, growth, environment shows cell is ready to start replicating DNA) © | S-DNAis replicated (synthesis) D | G2 cell gets ready to divide.G2 checkpoint. If DNA replication is complete and correct, MFP allows cells to pass G, and go to M phase E Prophase — chromatin winds up and becomes chromosomes, nuclear membrane breaks down, centric ite poles of the cell. Nucleolus disappears. Aster forms. F | Metaphase - sister chromatids line up along the equator. Spindles are attached. (M checkpoint - Check spindle fiber (microtubule) attachment to chromosomes at kinetochores (anchor sites) G | Anaphase - sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. H | Telophase, cell wall (or cell plate in plants) begins to form, Two cells are beginning to divide, two nuclear membranes are reforming, two nucleoli are reforming. |_| Mitosis - division of a cell's nucleus J Cytokinesis — division of the cytoplasm‘The Cell Cycle (Phases are in order) Interphase Prophase «Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase Chromosomes move to the middle of the cell during what phase? metaphase 2. What are sister chromatids? A chromosome has made a copy of itselfin S phase. These are two identical ‘chromosomes attached by a centromere. 3. What holds the chromatids together? centromere: 4. When do the sister chromatids separate? anaphase 5. During which phase do chromosomes first become visible? prophase During which phase does the cleavage furrow start forming? telophase Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement. Statement Interphase | Mitosis 7. Cell growth occurs x 8. Nuclear division occurs x 9. Chromosomes are finishing moving into separate x ‘daughter cells. 410. Protein production is high x 11. Chromosomes are duplicated x 12. DNA synthesis occurs x 13. Cytoplasm divides immediately after this period x 14, Mitochondria and other organelles are made. x15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. a 22. 23, 24. 26. The Animal Gell Cycle - Phases are out of order for questions 15 - 21 x \ IS : B c \ \\ Which coll is in metaphase? _C. Cells A and F show an early and late stage of the same phase of mitosis. What phase is it? prophase. In cell A, what is the structure labeled X? centrioles In coll F, what is the structure labeled Y?__spindle fibers, Which cell is not in a phase of mitosis? _D. ‘Anew membrane is forming in B. What is this phase called? __ telophase ‘Sequence the six diagrams in order from first to last._D AF CE 8 D. What is the end product of mitosis? _ two cells ntical daughter If the original cell has 46 chromosomes, how can each new daughter cell also have 46 chromosomes? chromosomes are replicated during S phase of interphase What is the main difference between cell division in plants and animals? animal cells form a cleavage furrow, plants form a call plate What is the purpose of mitosis? ~ growth, repair, healing, replacement of cells.26. Differentiate internal regulatory factors and external regulatory factors. Intermal factors like cyclins, regulate cell division from within the cell. External factors ike space, anchorage — regulate cell division from outside the cell 27. List 6 internal and extemal factors which can affect or control the rate of cell division: ‘a. Density dependent inhibition e. cyclins b. Anchorage dependence MFP growth 9. growth hormone d. Injury or sickness 28. When the rate of the cell cycle gets out of control, this happens: _cancer Identify which stage of mitosis each lettered plant cell is in: A. _interphase.D. telophase. _prophase. __metaphase, anaphase,