Confidential

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION (GRADE 9) - 2021

Social Studies 207/1

(INTERNAL CANDIDATES)

MARKING SCHEME
 SECTION B (30 MARKS)

1 (a) Name one source of energy that is non-renewable. [1]

- Uranium
- Coal
- Petroleum( diesel, petrol, kerosene)
- Natural gas
- Woodfuel (firewood and charcoal)
(b) State two advantages of using solar energy as a source of
power. [2]
- It is renewable
- It is dean
- It is cheap
- It is abundantly found

(c) Name one institution dealing in power and energy In Zambia. [1]
- Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation (ZESCO)
- Copper Energy Corporation (CEC)
- Energy Regulation Board (ERB)
 - North Western Energy Corporation.
- Maamba Collieries
- Lunsemfwa Hydro Power Company
- Rural Electrification authority (REA)
(d) State three advantages of Hydroelectricity Power (HEP) over
other forms of energy. [3]
- It is clean
- Renewable resource
- Can be transmitted to distant places
- It can supply a large area
- It can be used in many ways
- It is easy to manage by use of transformers and switches
- It is cheap to run

(e) Give three challenges faced by the textile and manufacturing

industries in Zambia. [3]
- High competition
- Cost of raw materials is high
- Lack of capital
- Lack of storage facilities
- Poor road infrastructure
- Lack of advanced technology
- Far distances from the market
[10]
2 Study the following picture and answer the questions that follow.
(a) What historical activity was taking place in the picture? [1]
 - Slave trade

(b) In which part of Africa did the activity take place on a large
scale? [1]
- West Africa

(c) State two special names given to the activity. [2]

- Triangular Slave trade
- Atlantic Slave trade
- 16th Century Slave Trade
- Golden Slave Trade

(d) Why did the activity of the 16th century develop? [2]
- Need for cheap labour in plantations and mines
- Criminals and debtors were sold as slaves
- Role of Las ca Sas
- Desire for Europeans by African chiefs
- Highly profitable

(e) Why was the activity referred to in the picture stopped? [1]
- Humanitarian campaigns
- High death rate among the British Navy
- Successful revolts
- Passing of new laws to condemn it
- The trade no longer profitable
- Introduction of modern trade

(f) Mention two world leaders that helped to stop the activity
around the 19th Century. [2]
- Abraham Lincoln
- William Wilberforce

(g) How did the activity affect Africa? [1]

- Africa became underdeveloped because able-bodied were taken away.
- Spreading of diseases
- Depopulation in Africa
- Loss of lives
- Destruction of culture / Westernisation
- Rise and decline of states/kingdoms
 - Increased slavery trade in Africa
- Resists attitude
- Increased warfare in Africa
- Decline of African Crafts, e.g. iron smelting.

3 Study the following map showing member countries of SADC and

answer the questions that follow.

(a) What do the letters SADC stand for? [1]

 - Southern African Development Community
(b) Mention the treaty that founding members of Southern African
Development Co-ordinated Conference (SADCC) signed to
form SADC. [1]
- Windhoek declaration
(c) When did country A and B join SADC? [2]
- Namibia 1992
- South Africa 1994
(d) What is the historical importance of country C to SADC? [1]
- Zambia helped the SADC countries to gain their independence
- Zambia promotes and defends peace and security and this enhances
development in the region
(e) Mention the headquarters of SADC located in country D. [1]
- Gaborone
(f) Identify any member states of SADC which is not part of
Southern Africa mainland. [1]
- Tanzania
- Congo DR

(g) Explain the role of the tribunal organ of the member states of SADC. [1]
- To ensure member countries obey its rules
- To ensure member countries understand the SADC treaty
- Settle disputes among member states
(h) In which way is the SADC objective towards the protection of
the environment achieved by member states. [1]
- Using natural resources sustainably to protect the environment
- Effective use of resources

(I) How do member countries benefit from SADC? [1]

- Improved quality of life in member states
- Promoting and defending peace and security
- Promoting economic independence of the member states
- Using resources sustainably
- Development of common political values, systems and institutions of member states
- Mutual cooperation
 [10]
SECTION C (Short essays) (30 marks) Part One

1 (a) Describe the factors that favour the construction of hydro-

electric power station. [4]
- There must be a gorge.
- Availability of overhead of water
- Large capital
- Constant supply of water or large volume of water
- A steep gradient or slope, waterfalls, rapids.
- A sufficient and constant volume of water from the rivers:
- A large domestic and industrial market where there is high demand e.g. Copperbelt.
- Availability of waterfalls/rapids/cataracts provide swift running of water an
ideal site for construction of H.E.P.
- Having narrow valleys or gorges for dam construction to allow water form a head to develop
high pressure.
- Availability of hard basement rocks along the site areas that allowed a firm foundation for the
stations.
- Availability of technical skills and machine to set up and operate an H.E.P. plant.
- Low population which allows space for construction

(b) Explain the disadvantages of hydro-electric power. [6]

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- It cannot be stored &*J£$ \r$ H/e^> £<A.*
- If not handled well it causes accidents WlA/^ icvV /T-vtW/A^ /
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- It is highly dependant on the availability of water - GMA L£- <-<-A&
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2 (a) Describe the factors affecting commercial livestock farming. [5]
- Lack of pastures —cvVOiXuvfr^ UTtvi ^n TX^*tJ
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- Scarcity of water ___pf"C"X>i >^M"^V| TVu I'^T^V-^
- Disease outbreak A/V tWv^'CS' -
- Cost of feeds — ^C\A { ^U~U'"VM
- Stiff competition & Y K I OzJ?^ ^A j&^l^ ^^
Traditional beliefs
Theft of livestock (cattle rustling)
(b) Explain the negative effects of commercial farming on the
environment. [4]
- Causes deforestation
- Contributes to pollution by pesticides and chemicals used
- Displacements of wildlife
- Heavy machines used to compact the soil
- Causes soil erosion
 - Contributes to global warming
[10]
(a) Discuss the factors that affect population distribution. [5]
Type of relief ___ GuMvue-/££,(XA / r^
- Presence of water
- Fertility of soil
- Economic activities
- Social amenities (e.g health facilities, schools, etc)
- Transport system
- Government policy
- fr«^w,c& rfj- v" dUA-^-tn •&$
(b) Explain the advantages of family planning. [5]
- Promotes healthy family
- Couples will have children when they are ready
- Mothers will have a chance to be more productive economically
- Mothers are given enough time to rest and recover after giving birth
- Parents have children they will be able to fully support
There are no unplanned pregnancies SII
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Part Two
1 (a) What is history and why do we learn about it? [4]
History is the study of the past We
[earn about the past to:
- help predict the future
- for interest and pleasure
- for career advancement
- to understand our family tree
- to appreciate the past
- to understand our past
- to understand the present
- to compare between the past and the future
(b) Explain sources of learning about history. [6]
 - Oral tradition: Method of learning about the past through word of
mouth e.g. stories or tales told by old people to their grandchildren
- Written Records: Written sources such as diaries, magazines, books
and newspapers
- Anthropology: Through the study of culture. Anthropologists study
different aspects of culture such as dressing, food and language.
- Archaeology: The study of ancient remains e.g. tools, clothes, bones
or fossils also called digging history. It is the most reliable method.
- Linguistics: The study of past through languages. People who study
about the past through languages are known as linguists. o'nA
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2 (a) What work do archaeologists do? [4]
These are people who study about the past through ancient remains
They carry out excavation work i.e. digging for fossils
They analyse these fossils
They determine how old these fossils are through carbon dating.
(b) Explain the work and discoveries done by the archaeologist
Doctor Louis Leakey. [6]
- He carried out a lot of research in East Africa
- Most of his discoveries were done around Olduvai gorge
- At one point he worked with his wife
- He is responsible for the discovery of creatures like Kenyapathecus,
Proconsul Africanus, Zinjathropus and Homohabilis
[10]

Social Studies(207/V2021 Marking Scheme

3 (a) What was primary resistance to colonialism? [2]

This was the earliest resistance to colonial rule. This
started in the 19th century
(b) Why did Africans start primary resistance to colonialism? [3]
- Loss of political power
- Loss of economic power
- Hut tax
 - Attacks on African culture
- Racial segregation
- pass laws
- Abusive language
- Inhuman treatment
(c) Explain examples of African primary resistance to
colonialism. [5]
- Independent Churches
* Also known as break-away churches
• Examples include John Chilembwe, Eliot Kamwana, William
Mokolapa, Charles Domingo and Mathews Zwimba
The Ndebeie uprising The Bambatha
rebellion The Maji-maji rebellion The
Chimunenga uprising
[10]
Part Three

1 Write briefly on the following principles of good governance.

Good governance is based on democratic characteristics.

(a) Citizen participation [3]

- Good governance allows both men and women to take part in
governance directly or through representatives
- Citizens can participate directly by taking up various positions in
government
- Indirectly citizens can choose representatives through voting
- Citizens are able to participate in decision making in their own country

(b) Separation of powers [4]

- It means government is divided into three arms or organs
The organs of government are the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary
- Organs of government work independently to promote checks and
balances
- Separation of powers limits the powers of the president to promote
democracy
The Legislature make laws, the Executive enforce the law and the Judiciary
 interprets the law
The independence of the Judiciary is necessary to promote justice

(c) Transparency [3]

- Means decisions made and enforced by the government are done in
an open manner
- Leaders follow laid down rules and regulations in their duties
- Information is freely available and accessible to the citizens
- Information is provided in an easy manner through print and
electronic media
- Citizens are able to make informed decisions
- It promotes accountability on the part of leaders
[10]
2 (a) Describe the composition of the Executive. [4]
The Executive is the organ of government which enforces the law and other
policies. It is made up of the following

The President: heads the Executive

The Vice President: acts as president when the president is out of the country

- Cabinet: make government policies

- Public Service: carry out duties on behalf of the government

(b) Explain the functions of the President. [6]

To head the state and government

To head the Executive organ of government

- Appoint and dismiss ministers and senior government officials

- Exercise prerogative of mercy

- Declare state of emergency

- Open and close the sessions of the National Assembly

To dissolve parliament

To appoint the Attorney General

- Commander in Chief of armed forces

- Giving awards to deserving citizens who have served the nation well

[10]
 3 (a) Identify the common forms of child abuse in Zambian
societies. [5}
According to the United Nation Convention on the Rights of a Child K/$v~bu \y?
* (UNCRCJ, a child is a person below ,16 years. I f>
- Child labour: giving a child to lift a heavy load or do a task beyond
^n^Y^
his/her age.
ojft tvt*-' - Child defilement: having canal knowledge with a child below 1&" / b
years
- Child neglect: when parents do not care for their children for
unknown reasons
- Corporal punishment: putting pain on a child by beating or
unpleasant action aimed at punishing
- Human trafficking: selling children to other countries for personal
gain

(b) Describe the rights of a child listed in the United Nations

Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC). [5]
- Right to a name
- Right to nationality
- Right to life
- Right to parental care
- Freedom of expression
- Freedom of movement
- Protection against slavery, torture and inhuman treatment
- Protection against sexual harassment and other forms of child abuse
- Right to education
- Right to food, clean water and shelter
- &7'Uyt -h? W-Vlfc [10]