CALCULUS TRIGONOMETRIC DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

TRIGONOMETRIC DERIVATIVES

d d d
dx (sin(x)) = cos(x) · x0 dx (cos(x)) = sin(x) · x0 dx (tan(x)) = sec2 (x) · x0

d d d
dx (csc(x)) = csc(x) cot(x) · x0 dx (sec(x)) = sec(x) tan(x) · x0 dx (cot(x)) = csc2 (x) · x0

d 1 p 1 d p 1 d 1
dx (sin (x)) = 1 x2
· x0 dx (cos
1
(x)) = 1 x2
· x0 dx (tan
1
(x)) = 1+x2 · x0

d p1 d p1 d 1
dx (csc
1
(x)) = x x2 1
· x0 dx (sec
1
(x)) = x x2 1
· x0 dx (cot
1
(x)) = 1+x2 · x0

TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS

R R
sin(x)dx = cos(x) + C csc(x)dx = ln | csc(x) cot(x)| + C

R R
cos(x)dx = sin(x) + C sec(x)dx = ln | sec(x) + tan(x)| + C

R R
tan(x)dx = ln | sec(x)| + C cot(x)dx = ln | sin(x)| + C

POWER REDUCTION FORMULAS INVERSE TRIG INTEGRALS

R R R p
sinn (x) = 1
n sinn 1
(x) cos(x) + n 1
n sinn 2
(x)dx sin 1
(x)dx = x sin 1
(x) + 1 x2 + C

R 1 n 1
R R p
cosn (x) = n cosn 1
(x) sin(x) + n cosn 2
(x)dx cos 1
(x)dx = x cos 1
(x) 1 x2 + C

R 1
R R 1
tann (x) = n 1 tann 1
(x) tann 2
(x)dx tan 1
(x)dx = x tan 1
(x) 2 ln(1 + x2 ) + C

R 1
R R 1
cotn (x) = cotn 1
(x) cotn 2
(x)dx p dx = sin x
+C
n 1 a2 x2 a

R 1 n 2
R R dx 1 1 x
secn (x) = n 1 tan(x) secn 2
(x) + n 1 secn 2
(x)dx x2 +a2 = a tan a +C

R 1
R R
cscn (x) = n 1 cot(x) cscn 2
(x) + nn 2
1 cscn 2
(x)dx p dx
x x 2 a2
= 1
a sec 1 x
a +C

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csusm.edu/stemsc XXX @csusm_stemcenter STEM SC (N): (760) 750-4101
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CALCULUS TRIGONOMETRIC DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRALS

R
STRATEGY FOR EVALUATING sinm (x) cosn (x)dx

(a) If the power n of cosine is odd (n = 2k + 1), save one cosine factor and use cos2 (x) = 1 sin2 (x) to
express the rest of the factors in terms of sine:
Z Z Z
sinm (x) cosn (x)dx = sinm (x) cos2k+1 (x)dx = sinm (x)(cos2 (x))k cos(x)dx
Z
= sinm (x)(1 sin2 (x))k cos(x)dx
Then solve by u-substitution and let u = sin(x).

(b) If the power m of sine is odd (m = 2k + 1), save one sine factor and use sin2 (x) = 1 cos2 (x) to
express the rest of the factors in terms of cosine:
Z Z Z
m 2k+1
n
sin (x) cos (x)dx = sin n
(x) cos (x)dx = (sin2 (x))k cosn (x) sin(x)dx
Z
= (1 cos2 (x))k cosn (x) sin(x)dx
Then solve by u-substitution and let u = cos(x).

(b) If both powers m and n are even, use the half-angle identities:
1 1
sin2 (x) = (1 cos(2x)) cos2 (x) = (1 + cos(2x))
2 2

R
STRATEGY FOR EVALUATING tanm (x) secn (x)dx

(a) If the power n of secant is even (n = 2k, k 2), save one sec2 (x) factor and use sec2 (x) = 1 + tan2 (x)
to express the rest of the factors in terms of tangent:
Z Z Z
m n m 2k
tan (x) sec (x)dx = tan (x) sec (x)dx = tanm (x)(sec2 )k 1
sec2 (x)(x)dx
Z
= tanm (x)(1 + tan2 (x))k 1
sec2 (x)(x)dx
Then solve by u-substitution and let u = tan(x).

(b) If the power m of tangent is odd (m = 2k + 1), save one sec(x) tan(x) factor and use tan2 (x) =
sec2 (x) 1 to express the rest of the factors in terms of secant:
Z Z Z
tanm (x) secn (x)dx = tan2k+1 (x) secn (x)dx = (tan2 (x))k secn 1
(x) sec(x) tan(x)dx
Z
= (sec2 (x) 1)k secn 1
(x) sec(x) tan(x)dx
Then solve by u-substitution and let u = sec(x).

Tel:
csusm.edu/stemsc XXX @csusm_stemcenter STEM SC (N): (760) 750-4101
STEM SC (S): (760) 750-7324