5

English
Quarter 1 – Module 3.2:
Using Compound and Complex Sentences
to Show Cause and Effect and
Problem-Solution Relationship of Ideas
English – Grade 5
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Using Compound and Complex Sentences to Show Cause and
First Edition, 2020 Effect and Problem-Solution Relationship of Ideas

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Module Development Team

Writer: Divina D. Molato
Editor: Mary Grace B. Leysa
Reviewer: Joanne Cher F. Yturalde
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 5
English
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Using Compound and Complex Sentences
to Show Cause and Effect and
Problem-Solution Relationship of Ideas
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English - Grade 5 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Using Compound

and Complex Sentences to Show Cause and Effect and Problem-Solution
Relationship of Ideas!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English - Grade 5 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Using Compound

and Complex Sentences to Show Cause and Effect and Problem-Solution
Relationship of Ideas!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Use of Compound and Complex Sentences to Show Cause and Effect and
Problem-Solution Relationship of Ideas (EN5G-Iva-1.8.1). The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into five lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Compound Sentence Showing Cause and Effect

 Lesson 2 – Complex Sentence Showing Problem-Solution Relationship
of Ideas
 Lesson 3 – Types of Dependent Clause
 Lesson 4 – Compound Sentence Showing Cause and Effect
 Lesson 5 - Complex Sentence Showing Problem-Solution Relationship
of Ideas

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. use compound sentence to show cause and effect;
2. use complex sentence to show cause and effect;
3. identify the types of dependent clause;
4. use compound sentence to show problem-solution relationship of ideas;
and
5. use complex sentence to show problem-solution relationship of ideas
 What I Know

Pre- Test

Before taking off for this module, test your knowledge on the use of
compound and complex sentences to show cause and effect and problem-
solution relationship of ideas. Are you ready?

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the correct answer from the
choices given. Write your answer on your paper.

1. Aunt Olivia planned to bake a cake. She went to the market to buy a tray
of eggs. What is the correct connector to be used to join the two sentences?
a. and b. but c. if d. so
2. You might not be promoted to Grade 6. You should study well. What
subordinating conjunction will you use to join the two sentences?
a. after b. because c. since d. unless
3. Patricia watered the plants everyday _________ they grow with beautiful
flowers.
a. after b. but c. so d. when
4. ___________ Leo was able to answer the test questions, he got an excellent
score.
a. about b. because c. so d. unless
5. Carmela’s group submitted their project on time ____________ they all work
together.
a. because b. but c. when d. unless
6. Kendra studied her spelling words so she got an A on the test. Which tells
about
a reason why ideas happened?
a. Kendra studied c. she got an A mark
b. so she got an A on the test d. Kendra studied her spelling words
7. Hector learned how to play the piano because he signed up for piano
lessons. What is the conjunction used in the sentence?
a. because b. Hector c. piano d. play
8. Because Marlon’s lawn mower was out of gas, he couldn’t cut the grass.
Which
idea tells an effect on what happens because of something?
a. he couldn’t cut c. because Marlon’s lawn mower
b. he couldn’t cut the grass d. Marlon’s lawn mower was out of gas
9. After Carmela noticed the damaged on her mobile phone,
_____________________. What possible solution can you make to complete the
sentence?
a. she thanks the seller c. she returned it to the store
b. she bursts into laughter d. she jumps with so much joy
10. What connector suits the statement “Helen’s mom came home tired,
_______she
still cooked dinner for her family.”
a. about b. after c. but d. so

Finished? Now, compare your answers with the Answer Key. Got a
perfect score? That is exceptional! Is your score below ten? Anyway, you
have to go on learning. Don’t quit checkout you finish this module.

What’s In

In the previous module, you have learned how to compose sentences

using different strategies. To remember the important points and concepts,
answer the questions below.

a. What are the parts of a complete sentence?

b. What is the difference between dependent and independent
clause?
c. What is a compound sentence? How is it formed? Give
examples of compound sentences.
d. What is a complex sentence? How is it formed? Give examples
of complex sentences.

Good job! You have remembered everything! Way to go!

Activity 1: Read…Count…Give!

Direction: Read the short piece below. As you read, identify and count the
simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences. Then answer
the questions found below the story.

Mud was everywhere. Mud was in my shoes, in my socks, and even

in my underwear! I thought that the bike race would be a piece of cake, but
after the rain it was a disaster! The rain started as a sprinkle before the sun
came up, and it continued to pour for the next four hours. The race started
at 3pm, after the rain had fully stopped. Across the mud pits we dashed,
one competitor passing another. Up and down the hills we soared,
launching off the peaks and into waiting puddles at the bottom. If it weren’t
for the fact that everyone else got injured, I wouldn’t have won first place. I
think I’ll wear a rubber suit next time it rains on competition day.

How many simple sentences did you find? ____

Give1:_____________________________________________________________________
How many compound sentences did you find? ____
Give1:_____________________________________________________________________
How many complex sentences did you find? ____
Give1:_____________________________________________________________________
 What’s New

Activity 2: Stop, Read, and Answer!

This Activity will guide you of the lessons in this module. Read each
statement. If you think it is correct, tick () the blank on the RIGHT
Column. If you think it isn’t, tick ()the WRONG column.

Statement Right Wrong

1. Cause is the reason why something happens. ______ ______

2. Effect is the result when something happens. ______ ______
3. A problem and solution sentence is a sentence ______ ______
Pattern where there is concerning issue.
3. A compound sentence is made up of two ______ ______
dependent clauses.
4. A compound sentence is joined by a ______ ______
coordinating conjunction.
5. A subordinate clause starts ______ ______
with a subordinating conjunction.
6. Since is an example of coordinating conjunction. ______ ______
7. So is an example of subordinating conjunction. ______ ______
8. This is an example of compound sentence that ______ ______
shows cause and effect: The weather is cold
today so I have to wear my jacket.
9. This is an example of a complex sentence that ______ ______
shows problem-solution relationship of ideas:
Unless we act now, all will be lost.
10. This is an example of compound sentence that ______ ______
shows problem-solution relationship of ideas:
Mike heard the teacher, but he didn’t rise
from his seat.

How did you find the activity? ______________________________________

Are you ready to pick up some insights? Read on so you will know
exactly about them.
 What is It

Understanding the relationship between cause and effect is

important in writing a compound sentence. We use conjunctions to link two
sentences or two independent clauses.

A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses

joined by conjunctions. We can join two parts of a sentence using
because and so. The expressions so and because are used to show
cause-effect relationship.

Cause is the reason why something happens.

Effect is the result when something happens.

Example:

1. Sheena had cupcakes for dessert because it was her birthday.

(independent clause) (conjunction) (independent clause)

2. Marianne couldn’t do her project because it’s difficult.

(independent clause) (conjunction) (independent clause)

3. The weather is cold today so I have to wear my jacket.

(cause) (conjunction) (effect)

4. It rained hard yesterday so the streets are flooded.

(cause) (conjunction) (effect)

Each of the compound sentences presented has two independent

clauses. Each uses a cause and effect conjunction to introduce clauses
with the purpose to express the concept of cause and effect.

Notes to the Teacher

When we want to focus on the cause, we use because.

When we want to focus on the effect, we use so.
 Now, you have learned about compound sentences that show cause
and effect. This time, we will study on compound sentences that show
problem-solution relationship of ideas.

Analyze the compound sentence:

He got sick so he has to see a doctor.

These are two ideas in the sentence.

 First, He got sick. (independent clause)

 Second, He has to see a doctor. (independent clause)

The ideas are clear. Each expresses a complete thought. They are joined by
a connector “so”.

 He got sick shows the problem.

 He has to see a doctor shows the solution.

So shows result, effects, or solution to the problem.

Let’s take more examples of sentences with so as conjunction.

Problem
1. Amara felt tired after a day’s
work.
2. Orlando forgot his books.
3. My nephew lost his cap.
4. Many people cut old trees.
5. The boy left his bag at the
canteen.
Solution
She slept soundly in a couch.
He borrowed some from the library.
He bought another one.
We planted new ones.
He went back to get it by himself.

The problem in the sentence is the concerning issue. The solution is the
remedy to the said issue. Both are independent clauses that can stand
alone.

Notes to the Teacher

We use coordinating conjunctions to link two

independent clauses to form one compound sentence
that shows problem-solution relationship of ideas.
 Now, you know how to use compound sentences that show problem-
solution relationship of ideas. Compose yours, now.

Another meaningful and persuasive way of constructing sentences is

using complex sentences that show cause and effect, and problem-solution
relationship of ideas. Before you start writing these sentences, you will need
to understand what a dependent clause and its types is. Dependent clause
is a group of words with a subject and a verb. It does not express a complete
idea just like a sentence. It cannot stand alone.

There are three types of dependent clause – adjective clause, adverbial

clause, and noun clause.

Adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or

pronoun. It tells which one or what kind. It comes right after the nouns they
modify.

Example:
The watch that your mother sold me yesterday has damage.

Fred, who was late again today, sits at the back.

Adverbial clause is a dependent clause that describes a verb, an

adjective or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent
something happened.
Example:

Keep hitting the drum until I tell you to stop.

Unless you run fast, you will miss the bus.

Noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun. It can be

used as the subject, direct object, or indirect object. It usually starts with
“that,’” how” or a wh word like “what,” “who," “which,” “when,” “where,” or
“why.”

Example:
You must choose which flavor of milk tea you want.
I know that patience has its limits.
 Notes to the Teacher

If the dependent clause is at the beginning, offset

it with a comma. If it is at the end, don’t use comma
anymore. Don’t start a sentence with “which” unless it’s
a question.

This is how a dependent clause differs from an independent clause.

Now, you are ready for complex sentences to show cause and effect. In the
previous lessons, you have studied cause and effect. A cause is a reason
while effect is the result. In other words, the cause creates effects.

Read and analyze the following sentences:

1. We need art papers and scissors, so we went to the office depot.
2. The Grade 5-Acasia class could go out if they did their work well.
3. He studied hard because he wanted to go to medical school.
4. Mrs. Judy Gomez was extremely happy since she retired.
5. Joel was awarded because he showed kindness to all.

The sentences presented are classified as complex sentences. A

complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause and at least
one dependent clause. The dependent clause is introduced by a subordinate
conjunction so, because, since, if, and as.

The complex sentences show cause and effect relationship.

 A cause is a reason why something happens.
 An effect is the result or what happens because of something.

Study the table.

Sentence Independent Clause Dependent Clause

We need art papers and
so we went to the office depot
1 scissors
(Effect)
(Cause)
The Grade 5-Acasia class can
if they did their work well
2 go out
(Cause)
(Effect)
 He studied hard because he wanted to go to
3 medical school
(Effect) (Cause)
Mrs. Judy Gomez was since she retired
4 extremely happy
(Effect) (Cause)
because he showed kindness
Joel was awarded
to all
5
(Effect)
(Cause)

 When we want to focus on the cause, we use because, if, since.

Clause 1 + because, if, since + Clause 2

 When we want to focus on the effect, we use so.

Clause 1 + so + Clause 2

Notes to the Teacher

We use subordinating conjunctions to link one

independent clause and one dependent clause to form one
complex sentence that shows cause and effect.

There is another sentence structure that is equally important to

discuss. It is about complex sentence that shows problem-solution
relationship of ideas.
Look at the group of words (clauses). Tell which clause has a complete
thought and can stand alone and which clause cannot stand alone.
 Unless we act now
 All will be lost
 Because Cassandra had a cold
 She stayed home.
 Before we get wet from the pouring rain
 We hurriedly ran to the waiting shed
 The clauses that begins with unless, because, and before cannot
stand alone as a complete sentence. The information is lacking. These are
dependent clauses.

Now, try to combine them.

 All will be lost unless we act now.

 Because Cassandra had a cold, she stayed home for a rest.
 We hurriedly ran to the waiting shed before we get wet from the
pouring rain.

These are complex sentences. A complex sentence may express

problem-solution relationship of ideas. The subordinating conjunctions
unless, because, whenever, since, after and when are most appropriate to
use for this purpose. This is shown in these examples.

1. Because Manila bay is heavily polluted, DENR ordered its

rehabilitation. (Problem) (Solution)

2. Whenever children attempt to swim in the water, the volunteers

advise them to leave. (Problem (Solution)

Have a quick look on these examples. Where can we find the

subordinating conjunctions?

 Air pollution will continue to get worst unless the government officials
(Problem) (Solution)
enforce the Clean Air Act strictly.

 Unless the government officials enforce the Clean Air Act strictly,
(Solution)
air pollution will continue to get worst.
(Problem)

Notes to the Teacher

The conjunctions may be used at the beginning or in

the middle of the sentence.
 Remember, problems in a sentence usually are negative ideas that need
to be solved or fixed and solutions are ways to solve or fix the problems. Being
able to identify the problem and solution relationship of ideas help you better
comprehend the information in a sentence. Don’t forget the signal words that
would help you join the problem and solution (independent and dependent
clause) in making a complex sentence.

Now that you have learned about the use of compound and complex
sentences to show cause and effect, and problem-solution relationship of
ideas, challenge yourself with the activities prepared.

What’s More

Activity 3. Cause and Effect Match Up!

Directions: On the right column, figure out the possible effects of the given
causes in the left column. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
space provided before the number in your activity notebook.

Cause Effect

____1. Baby Carla began to cry. a. He ate breakfast.

____2. It was a windy day. b. James answered it.
____3. Roger was hungry. c. Hector flew the kite.
____4. The phone rang. d. She got a toothache.
____5. Jamaica ate too many candies. e. Mother gave her milk.
____6. Father works hard. f. Her mother ironed it.
____7. I can’t find my pencil. g. I’ll buy her a present.
____8. It’s my mother’s birthday h. I can’t do my homework.
____9. Dave’s polo was wrinkled i. Father ordered from
Greenwich.
____10. We all wanted to eat pizza j. He can send his children
to school.

Activity 4: Put the Sentence Together!

Directions: Compose sentences by joining the independent clauses with a

correct subordinating conjunction.

1. Almira’s mother had to drive her to school. She missed the bus.
2. My mother locked her keys in the car. She called father to bring her extra
set.
3. My family was late in going to the movies. We had to wait for a later
showing.
4. Rico bought a sandwich. He forgot his snacks at home.
5. Trina bought a banana cue. She gets hungry.

Activity 5: Circle It!

Directions: Circle the dependent clause in each sentence below.

Example: How he got elected shows his determination.

1. Elsa heard what her cousins said about her.

2. The award goes to whoever wins the contest.
3. Our dog will run away if the gate is left open.
4. We were at the canteen when the guests arrived.
5. While I was listening to music, the dog barked out loud.
6. The doctor who helped the covid-19 victims is my uncle.
7. Because Harold ran, he was able to catch the shuttle bus.
8. You should tell your mother what you want for your birthday.
9. Her parents gave her the rules that were posted on the cabinet door.
10. Noli de Castro, who is a TV broadcaster, is one of my favorite news
anchors.

Activity 6: That’s Not Complex! Make it Complex!

Directions: Identify each sentence whether a complex sentence or not. Write a

check mark next to the sentences that are not complex. Then turn non-complex
sentences into complex sentences using the subordinate conjunctions
learned with cause and effects relationship.

1. The municipal park lost its spark and beauty. ___

2. You will be healthier if you eat a well-balanced meal. ___
3. A thief was arrested because he stole the church offering. ___
4. The cat is creeping silently towards the bird and the mouse. ___
5. Olivia ate a lot because he was very hungry.___
6. I lost my 10-peso coin and my robot. ___
7. Hector and Jerry don’t watch cartoons. ___
8. I’ll let you use my phone since you asked nicely. ___
9. She won the contest because she trained every day. ___
10. Andrea is cleaning and disinfecting the kitchen. ___
Activity 7: Color the Box!

Directions: Study the underlined clause. Color the appropriate box to show
problem- solution relationship of ideas.

1. Since Marco always spends too

much time with his gadget, his parents Problem Solution
reprimand him.
2. Marco’s mother always reminds him
of his responsibilities because he tends Problem Solution
to be complacent and lazy at times.
3. Because managing time wisely is
real challenge for Marco, his older
Problem Solution
sisters help him with his projects.

4. When his parents encouraged him

to play sports, he started to minimize Problem Solution
his online gaming activities.
5. Many young people will not learn to
socialize effectively, unless they are
given Problem Solution
various opportunities to mingle with
others.

What I Have Learned

Activity 8: Roundup!

Direction: Make relevant links based on the series of lessons learned about
the use of compound and complex sentences to show cause and effect, and
problem-solution relationship of ideas. Fill in the blanks with correct
answers.
A compound sentence is made up of two (1) ______________ clauses
joined by conjunctions. We can join two parts of a sentence using because
and so. The expressions so and because are used to show (2) _____________
and (3) ____________ relationship. (4) _____________ is the reason why
something happens and Effect is the result when something happens. The
coordinating conjunctions used in a compound sentence are as follows:
(5)__________, (6) ___________, (7) ____________, (8) _____________, and (9)
_______________ .
 Dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a (10)
__________. It does not express a complete idea just like a sentence. It cannot
stand alone. There are three types of dependent clause – (11) ____________
clause, (12) _____________ clause and noun clause.
Complex sentences are sentences that have two clauses. There can be two
independent clauses (each having a subject and predicate), or an (13)
_________ clause and (14) _________ clause. Whether a (15) ________ is used
between them depends on the types and positions of the clauses.

A complex sentence may express problem-solution of ideas. The

(16)___________ in the sentence is the concerning issue. The (17)
____________is the remedy to the said issue. The subordinating conjunctions
(18)___________ , (19) _________, whenever, (20) ________, after and when are
most appropriate to use for this purpose.

Congratulations! You have figured it out!

What I Can Do

Activity 9: Silent Mind Works!

Let’s see if you really understood and mastered the lessons about the use of
compound and complex sentences to show cause and effect, and problem-
solution relationship of ideas. Read the directions carefully.

A. Directions: Read the statement then answer with TRUE or FALSE.

_______1. The word “if” is an example of coordinating conjunction.

_______2. The word “but” is an example of coordinating conjunction
_______3. Cause is the reason why something happens.
_______4. Effect is the result when something happens.
_______5. “So” shows results or solution to the problem.
_______6. The concerning issue is the solution in the sentence.
________7. The remedy to the said issue is the problem of the sentence.
________8. Dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
________9. Dave will return the hammer after his work. This is an example of
a compound sentence that shows problem-solution relationship of ideas.
_______10. Pupils should study hard so that their parents would be proud of
them. This is an example of compound sentence that show cause and effect.
B. Directions: Determine the cause and effect in the following sentences.

1. Our parents work hard because they wanted us to have good education.

Cause:
_____________________________________________________________________

Effect:
______________________________________________________________________

2. The children are healthy because they eat nutritious food.

Cause:
_____________________________________________________________________
Effect:
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Arturo left his assignment at home, so his teacher gave him a task to do.

Cause:
____________________________________________________________________
Effect:
____________________________________________________________________

4. The SPG officers were given ten minutes of extra recess because they
behaved during the meeting.
Cause:
____________________________________________________________________

Effect:
____________________________________________________________________

5. Hector was very hungry, so he ate 4 slices of pizza pie and two donuts.
Cause: ___________________________________________________________________

Effect:
____________________________________________________________________
C. Directions: For each sentence below, write the problem and solution in
the correct column.

1. My cousin lost my ballpen, so he replaced it with a new one.

2. The rivers become polluted because some people are throwing garbage
into it.
3. Xander suddenly choked in the middle of his meal so I gave him a glass of
water.
4. Dorothy took a cold shower for ten minutes because it was a very hot day.
5. My cousin washed the tablecloth because drops of chocolate drink spilled
on it.

Problem Solution

Well done! Aren’t you proud of yourself? You are just about to master
it! Get ready for the Post Assessment. Good Luck!

Assessment

Post Assessment
Before signing off for this module, test your knowledge again. Take a
deep breath. Ready? Begin!

Directions: Read each item carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.

Read the text.

A butterfly goes through different stages in its life cycle. When the larva,
or caterpillar, is ready, it eats its way out of its egg. The caterpillar continues
to eat and grow. As it grows, it becomes too big for its skin. This leads to the
skin shedding or falling off. Next, the caterpillar grows into a pupa, or
chrysalis. This shell-like container has the effect of keeping the caterpillar
safe while it slowly changes into a butterfly.
1. Based on the text, what is the cause why the caterpillar sheds its skin.
a. The caterpillar is ready.
b. The caterpillar eats its way out of its egg.
c. The caterpillar continues to eat and grow.
d. The caterpillar becomes too big for its skin.

2. Which sentence matches with this effect? The caterpillar is protected.

a. The caterpillar sheds its skin.
b. The caterpillar grows into a pupa.
c. The caterpillar has shell-like container.
d. The caterpillar slowly changes into a butterfly.

3. What is the effect if the caterpillar eats and grows?

a. The chrysalis forms.
b. The skin falls off or sheds.
c. The caterpillar remains a larva.
d. The shell-like container keeps it safe.

4. Supply the missing words to complete the complex sentence Study hard
so that ___________________________________________________________.

a. you can sell online c. you can smell fresh air

b. you can drive safely d. you can get better grades
5. Which compound sentence shows cause and effect relationship of ideas?
a. The doctor put a cast on Harry’s left broken arm.
b. The doctor will put a cast on Harry’s arm if it is broken.
c. Harry’s left arm was broken so the doctor put a cast on it.
d. Because Harry’s left arm was broken, the doctor put a cast on it.

6. What is the effect? Because Carlo’s car wouldn’t start on the morning of his
business transaction,
a. The car had a flat tire.
b. He called a mechanic to come and fix it.
c. He went back home and have some coffee.
d. He went to his neighbour’s house and they chatted.

7. What is the solution? Walter skipped breakfast intentionally. During

recessvtime he felt hungry.
a. He eats a lot.
b. He drinks a glass of water
c. He sleeps in his seat soundly.
d. He plays with his classmates that he forgot he’s hungry.
8. Joe was not satisfied with his performance although they won in the
contest. What do you call the underlined idea?
a. Dependent Clause c. Subject
b. Independent Clause d. Predicate

9. What is the correct conjunction to be used in the complex sentence, “You

cannot easily understand the story __________ you read it more than once.”?
a. after b. because c. before d. unless

10. My niece is kind and smart, so everybody likes her. What kind of text
structure is this?
a. Compound sentence c. Descriptive sentence
b. Complex sentence d. Simple sentence

Finished? Now, compare your answers with the appended key to

corrections. Got a perfect score? Good remembering!

Additional Activities

Congratulations for another job well done! To help you master the use
of compound and complex sentences showing cause and effect and problem-
solution relationship of ideas, do this activity.

Activity 10 : Build a Sentence!

A. Compose compound sentences using the suggested topics:

1. cause and effect of Covid-19
2. cause and effect of number coding
3. cause and effect of Enhanced Community Quarantine
4. cause and effect of following Quarantine Guidelines
5. cause and effect of eating a well-balanced diet
B. Connect the two clauses below using the conjunctions because, since,
unless, and when to express problem-solution relationship of ideas.

(unless) 1. You will get infected.

You do basic personal hygiene habits.

(because) 2. Xenia’s fever has gone down.

She ate fruits rich in Vitamin C.

(when) 3. The doctors advised the people to observe social distancing.

We religiously follow.

(if) 4. Mr. Cortez was obliged to go to work on quarantine period.

He rode on his bicycle.

(since) 5. I always bring with me my disinfectant.

The virus is contagious.

You are now done with this module. As you move on to the next, I will
leave you this saying by Benjamin Franklin: “Tell me and I forget. Teach me
and I remember. Involve me and I learn.”
Activity 1: Read…Count…Give!
How many simple sentences did you find? 2
Possible Answers: (1)Mud was everywhere. (2) Mud was in my shoes, in my socks,
and even in my underwear!
How many compound sentences did you find? 2
Possible answers: (1) I thought that the bike race would be a piece of cake, but after
the rain it was a disaster! (2) The rain started as a sprinkle before the sun came up,
and it continued to pour for the next four hours.
How many complex sentences did you find? 5
Possible Answers: (1) The race started at 3pm, after the rain had fully stopped. (2)
Across the mud pits we dashed, one competitor passing another. (3) Up and down
the hills we soared, launching off the peaks and into waiting puddles at the bottom.
(4) If it weren’t for the fact that everyone else got injured, I wouldn’t have won first
place. (5) I think I’ll wear a rubber suit next time it rains on competition day.
Pre-Assessment
1. d
2. d
3. c
4. c
5. a
6. d
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. c
Answer Key
 Activity 4: Put the Sentence Activity 3. Cause and Effect
Together! Match Up!
1. Almira’s mother had to drive her to 1. e
school because she missed the bus. 2. c
3. a
2. My mother locked her keys in the car 4. b
so he called father to bring her extra 5. d
set. 6. j
3. My family was late getting to the
7. h
movies so we had to wait for a later
8. g
showing.
9. f
4. Rico bought a sandwich because he
forgot his snacks at home. 10. i
5. Trina bought a banana cue because
he started to get hungry.
Activity 2: Stop, Read, and Answer!
Statement RIGHT WRONG
1. Cause is the reason why something happens. ____ ______
2. Effect is the result when something happens. ____ ______
3. A problem and solution sentence is a sentence ____ ______
pattern where there is concerning issue.
3. A compound sentence is made up of two ______ ____
dependent clauses.
4. A compound sentence is joined by a ____ ______
coordinating conjunction.
5. A subordinate clause is a clause that starts ____ ______
with a subordinating conjunction.
6. Since is an example of coordinating conjunction. ______ ____
7. So is an example of subordinating conjunction. ______ ____
8. This is an example of compound sentence that ____ ______
shows cause and effect. The weather is cold
today so I have to wear my jacket.
9. This is an example of complex sentence that ____ ______
shows problem-solution relationship of ideas.
Unless we act now, all is lost.
10. This is an example of compound sentence that ____ ______
shows problem-solution relationship of ideas.
Mike heard the teacher but he didn’t rise
from his seat.
Activity 6: That’s Not Complex! Make it Complex!
1. The municipal park lost its spark and beauty. ___
2. You will be healthier if you eat a well-balanced meal. ___
3. A thief was arrested because he stole the church offering. ___
4. The cat is creeping silently towards the bird and the mouse. ___
5. Olivia ate a lot because he was very hungry.___
6. I lost my 10 peso coin and my robot. ___
7. Hector and Jerry don’t watch cartoons. ___
8. I’ll let you use my phone since you asked nicely. ___
9. She won the contest because she trained every day. ___
10. Andrea is cleaning and disinfecting the kitchen. __
Possible Answers:
1. The municipal park lost its spark and beauty because typhoon Yolanda struck
the place.
2. The cat is creeping silently towards the bird and the mouse after it was chased
by the dog.
3. I lost my 10 peso coin and my robot when I was playing hide and seek.
4. Andrea is cleaning and disinfecting the kitchen so that mother will be proud
of her.
5. Hector and Jerry don’t watch cartoons because they don’t like it.
Activity 5: Circle It!
1. what her cousins said
2. whoever wins the contest
3. if the gate is left open
4. when the guests arrive
5. while I was listening to music
6. who helped the covid-19 victims
7. Because Harold ran
8. what you want for your birthday
9. were posted on the cabinet door
10. who is a TV broadcaster
Activity 8: Roundup!
A compound sentence is made up of two (1) independent clauses joined by
conjunctions. We can join two parts of a sentence using because and so. The
expressions so and because are used to show (2) cause and (3) effect relationship.
(4) Cause is the reason why something happens and Effect is the result when
something happens. The coordinating conjunctions used in a compound sentence
are as follows: (5) and, (6) but, (7) for, (8) or, and (9) so.
Dependent clause is a group of words with a subject and a (10) verb. It does
not express a complete idea just like a sentence. It cannot stand alone. There are
three types of dependent clause – (11) Adjective clause, (12) Adverbial clause and
noun clause.
Complex sentences are sentences that have two clauses. There can be two
independent clauses (each having a subject and predicate), or an (13) independent
clause and (14) dependent clause. Whether a (15) comma ( , ) is used between them
depends on the types and positions of the clauses.
A complex sentence may express problem-solution of ideas. The (16) problem
in the sentence is the concerning issue. The (17) solution is the remedy to the said
issue. The subordinating conjunctions (18) because, (19) unless, whenever, (20)
before, after and when are most appropriate to use for this purpose.
Activity 7: Color the Box!
1. Since Marco always spends too much
time with his gadget, his parents gave him Problem Solution
a strong reprimand.
2. Marco’s mother always reminds him of
his responsibilities because he tends to be Problem Solution
complacent and lazy at times.
3. Because managing time wisely is real
challenge for Marco, his older sisters help Problem Solution
him with his projects.
4. When his parents encouraged him to
play sports, he started to minimize his Problem Solution
online gaming activities.
5. Many young people will not learn to
socialize effectively, unless they are given
Problem Solution
various opportunities to mingle with
others.
 Post Assessment
1. d
Activity 10 : Build a Sentence!
2. c
A. Expect possible varied answers. 3. a
B.1. You will get infected unless you do basic personal hygiene 4. d
habits.(or) Unless you do basic personal hygiene habits, you will
get infected. 5. c
2. Xenia’s fever has gone down because she ate fruits rich in
Vitamin C. 6. b
3. When the doctors advised the people to observed social
distancing, we religiously follow.
7. a
4. If Mr. Cortez was obliged to go to work on quarantine period, 8. b
he rode on his bicycle.
5. I always bring with me my disinfectant since the virus is 9. d
contagious.
10. a
Activity 9: Silent Mind Works!
A. 1. FALSE 6. FALSE
2. TRUE 7. FALSE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
4. TRUE 9. FALSE
5. TRUE 10. TRUE
B. 1. Cause: Our parents work hard.
Effect: They wanted us to have good education
2. Cause: The children are healthy.
Effect: They eat nutritious food.
3. Cause: Arturo left his assignment at home
Effect: His teacher gave him a task to do.
4. Cause: They behaved during the meeting.
Effect: The SPG officers were given ten minutes of extra recess.
5. Cause: Hector was very hungry
Effect: He ate 4 slices of pizza pie and two donuts.
C.
Problem Solution
My cousin lost my ball pen he replaced it with new one
some people are throwing garbage into
The rivers become polluted
it
Xander suddenly choked in the middle
I gave him a glass of water
of his meal
Dorothy took a cold shower for ten
it was a very hot day
minutes
drops of chocolate drink spilled on it My cousin washed the tablecloth
References:

Anttonet143. English (Grade 5) Use Compound Sentence to Show cause and Effect,
author STREAM Presentation. October 15, 2017. https://m.authorstream.com.

Cardejas, Javier. Cause and Effect Relationship (in English Grammar) –Slide Share.
January 7, 2015. https://www.slideshare.net.
DepEd Learning Portal. Lesson Plan in English 5-Quarter 4-Week 3.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph.

Magcalayo, Joyline. Compound Sentence with Problem and Solution. March 5, 2017,
https://brainly.ph.
Magarang, Jamirah. English-5-Quarter-4-Grammar. https://www.academia.edu.

O’Brien, Elizabeth. Grammar: Sentence Structure and Types of Sentences Grammar

Revolution, Teach and Learn Grammar the Easy Way. https://www.english-
grammar-revolution.com.
Sacoco, Marinelle Gay Faelmoca. Use Complex Sentences to Show Problem-Solution
Relationship of Ideas. March 29, 2019. https://www.scribd.com.
Simonton, Catherine. Complex Sentences Show Relationships between Ideas.
https://www.englishhints.com.

Unknown. Sentence Connectors Showing Cause and Effect-English Grammar.

January 6, 2012, https://www.englishgrammar.org
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph