ANSI/AWWA B502-17

(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA B 5 02-1 1 )

®
AWWA Standard

Sodium Polyphosphate,
Glassy (Sodium
Hexametaphosphate)

Efecti ve date: Sept. 1 , 201 7.

First edition approved by AWWA Board o f Directors J une 1 , 1 967.
This edition approved J une 1 1 , 201 7.
Approved by American N ational Standards I nstitute J une 1 6, 201 7.

SM

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a speci f cation. AWWA standards
describe minimum requirements and do not contain all o f the engineering and administrative in formation normally
contained in speci f cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user o f the
standard. Until each optional feature is speci f ed by the user, the product or service is not fully de f ned. AWWA pub -

lication o f a standard does not constitute endorsement o f any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certi fy,
or approve any product. The use o f AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take
precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code o f any governmental authority. AWWA standards
are intended to represent a consensus o f the water industry that the product described will provide satis factory ser -

vice. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an o f cial notice o f action will be placed on the f rst page o f the
O f cial Notice section o f Journal – American Water Works Association . The action becomes efective on the f rst day o f
the month following the month o f Journal – American Water Works Association publication o f the o f cial notice.

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An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manu facturer, the consumer, and the general public.
The existence o f an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has
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ISBN-1 3, print: 978-1 -62576-256-6 eISBN-1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-443-2

DOI:http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1 2999/AWWA.B502.1 7

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ii
 Committee Personnel
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Scale and Corrosion-Control Chemicals, which reviewed
and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Robert A. Ryder, Chair
General Interest Members
E. Leung,* California State Water Board, Richmond, Calif. (AWWA)
M.S. McFadden, HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
N.E. McTigue, EE&T Inc., Newport News, Va. (AWWA)
D. Orozco, Robert Cole & Associates, Engineers, Safety Harbor, Fla. (AWWA)
S.J. Posavec,* Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
R.A. Ryder, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants, San Francisco, Calif. (AWWA)
R.D. Vaidya, Chastain Skillman Inc., Lakeland, Fla. (AWWA)
Producer Members
H.T. Belcher Jr., Corrtrac Systems Corporation, Currituck, N.C. (AWWA)
R. Hartsock, Occidental Chemical Corporation, Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
C.P. Principi, Carus Corporation, Belmont, N.C. (AWWA)
H. Stiefel, Aqua Smart Inc., Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)
User Members
D.M. Lafalam, City of Worcester Water Filtration Plant, Holden, Mass. (AWWA)
J.D. Musinski, Village of Arlington Heights, Arlington Heights, Ill. (AWWA)
R.M. Powell, Pinellas County Utilities, Spring Hill, Fla. (AWWA)
Y. Zhang, Long Beach Water Department, Long Beach, Calif. (AWWA)

* Liaison, nonvoting
iii

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 Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE
Foreword
I Introduction .................................... vii
I.A Background..................................... vii
I.B History........................................... . vii
I.C Acceptance ...................................... vii
II Special Issues. ................................. viii
II.A Storage and Handling
Precautions ............................... viii
III Use of Tis Standard ........................ ix
III.A Purchaser Options and
Alternatives ................................ ix
III.B Modi fcation to Standard ................. ix
IV Major Revisions................................ ix
V Comments ....................................... ix
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope ................................................ 1
1.2 Purpose ........................................... .. 1
1.3 Application....................................... . 1
v
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SEC. PAGE
2 References ........................................ 2
De f nitions ....................................... 2
3
4 Requirements
4.1 Physical Requirements ....................... 3
4.2 Chemical Requirements .................... 4
4.3 Impurities........................................ .. 4
5 Veri fcation
5.1 Sampling .......................................... . 5
5.2 Test Procedures ................................. 6
5.3 Notice of Nonconformance ............... 8
6 Delivery
6.1 Marking ........................................... . 9
6.2 Packaging and Shipping .................. 10
6.3 Afdavit of Compliance or
Certi fed Analysis ...................... 10
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 Foreword
Tis foreword is for information only and is not a part ofANSI*/AWWA B502.

I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy (Na +2 P O +1 , n = 12–16n n n
or 18–21), is a manufactured product obtained by combining comparatively pure
chemicals—soda ash (Na2CO3) or caustic soda (NaOH)—with phosphoric acid.
Although the resulting product is consistent in quality and content, each manufacturer
may produce it in several diferent physical forms (Section 4). Te density of crushed or
granular material is approximately 80 lb/ft3 (approximately 1,280 kg/m3). A solution
of 2 lb/gal (0.24 kg/L) has a speci fc gravity of approximately 1.2.
Te uses of sodium polyphosphate, glassy, include corrosion control, scale preven-
tion, iron and manganese stabilization, and sequestering of metallic ions. Te chemical
is available in a wide range of physical forms and sizes, allowing fexibility in the type
of dissolving or feeding apparatus to be used.
I.B. History. Te frst edition of AWWA B502 was approved as tentative on
Jan. 23, 1966. It was approved as a standard on June 1, 1967, and published as AWWA
B502-67. Subsequent revisions were approved by the AWWA Board of Directors as
ANSI/AWWA B502-78, ANSI/AWWA B502-83, ANSI/AWWA B502-88, ANSI/
AWWA B502-94, ANSI/AWWA B502-01, and ANSI/AWWA B502-05. Te last
edition was prepared by the AWWA Standards Committee on Scale and Corrosion-
Control Chemicals and was approved on Jan. 23, 2011. Tis edition was approved on
June 11, 2017.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certi fcation program for direct and indirect drinking wat er additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
vi i

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the
direction of NSF†: NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health
Efects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects.
Various certi fcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certi fcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “ Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an
unspeci fed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer.
ANSI/AWWA B502 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.3 of the standard.
Te transfer of contaminants
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is becoming a problem of great concern. Te language in Sec. 4.3.3 is a recommenda-
tion only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certi fed by
an accredited certifcation organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking
Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Efects. However, users of the standard may opt
to make this certi fcation a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should
consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certi fcations by parties ofering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certi fcation.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. Storage and Handling Precautions. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, is
hygroscopic in nature and must be stored under dry conditions. Exposure to humidity
produces a sticky flm on the exposed material. Tis results in poor fow and caking,

* Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
vi i i

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

which interfere with the rate of dissolution of the product. Refer to safety data sheets
(SDSs) available from the chemical supplier or manu facturer for additional information.
III. Use of Tis Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Te following information should be
provided by the purchaser.
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA B502, Sodium Polyphosphate,
Glassy (Sodium Hexametaphosphate), of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment
Chemicals—Health Efects, is required.
3. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Section 4).
4. Physical form(s) and quantity (Sec. 4.1 .1).
5. Speci fc maximum impurity content limits, if required (Sec. 4.3).
6. Whether the purchaser will reject product from containers or packaging
with missing or damaged seals. Te purchaser may reject product from bulk containers
or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchaser’s tests of representative
samples, conducted in accordance with Sec. 5.2, demonstrate that the product meets
the standard. Failure to meet the standard or the absence of, or irregularities in, seals
may be sufcient cause to reject a shipment.
7. Form of shipment—bulk or package, type, and size of container (Sec. 6.2.1).
8. Whether alternative security measures have been adopted to replace or aug-
ment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.3 and 6.2.4.
9. Afdavit of compliance, certi fed analysis, if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modifcation to Standard. Any modi fcation of the provisions, defnitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this revision
include the following:
1. Revision of the Notice of Nonconformance section (Sec. 5.3).
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098; or email at standards@awwa.org.

ix

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 ANSI/AWWA B502-17
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA B 5 02-1 1 )

® AWWA Standard

Sodium Polyphosphate, Glassy

(Sodium Hexametaphosphate)

SEC TI ON 1 : G EN ER AL

Sec. 1.1 Scope

Tis standard describes sodium polyphosphate, glassy, for use in the treatment
of potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water. Tis material is also known as
sodium hexametaphosphate , sodium tetrapolyphosphate , and Graham’s salt.

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

Te purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
sodium polyphosphate, glassy, including physical, chemical, sampling, packaging,
shipping, and testing requirements.
Sec. 1.3 Application
Tis standard can be referenced in documents for purchasing and receiving
sodium polyphosphate, glassy, and can be used as a guide for testing the physical
and chemical properties of sodium polyphosphate, glassy, samples. Te stipula-
tions of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and only to
sodium polyphosphate, glassy, used in the treatment of potable water, wastewater,
and reclaimed water.

1
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
2 AWWA B5 02-1 7

SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent speci fed within the standard. In any
case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
APHA,* AWWA, WEF†—Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater.
AS TM‡ E11—Standard Speci fcation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and
Test Sieves.
NSF§/ANSI¶ 60—Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Efects.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Day: A day is defned as a 24-hour period.
2. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
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4. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
5. Reclaimed water: Wastewater that becomes suitable for benefcial use as a
result of treatment.
6. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy: A glassy solid that is a soluble sodium phos-
phate containing Na2O and P2O5 in a molar ratio of approximately 1.1 Na2O to
1.0 P2O5. It is an amorphous mixture of long-chain polyphosphates with the for-
mula Na +2P O +1 . Te approximate value of n is either 12–16 or 18–21.
n n n
7. Supplier: Te party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or
may not be the manufacturer.
8. Tamper-evident packaging: Packaging having one or more indicators or
barriers to entry that if breached or missing, can reasonably be expected to provide
visible evidence to the purchaser that tampering has occurred. Te tamper-evident
* American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001.
† Water Environment Federation, 601 Wythe Street, Alexandria, VA 22314.
‡ AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
§ NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
¶ American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 SODI U m PO lYP h OSP h ATE, G l ASSY (SODI U m h E x Am ETAP h OSP h ATE) 3

features of the packaging shall be designed to and shall remain intact when han-
dled in a reasonable manner during manufacture, storage, shipment, and delivery
to the purchaser. Properly constructed, labeled, and closed multiwall paper bags
and fber drums constitute efective forms of tamper-evident packaging.
9. Wastewater: A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from
residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with
any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
and other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water
systems as applicable.
Sec. 4.1 Physical Requirements*
Te material shall be clean and uniform in composition. It shall be in free-
fowing condition when packages or containers are opened on receipt of shipment.
4.1 .1 Form and size. Te material shall be supplied in the physical form
as speci fed by the purchaser. Te following descriptive terms are arranged to show
comparative terminology that is used by various manufacturers. Typical sizes for
the various available forms are as follows:
1. Glass plates. Plates 1/ 6- to 1 -in. (1.6- to 6.3-mm) † thick and up to
1

about 2-in. (50-mm) across.

2. Flakes. Plates approximately 1/64-in. (0.4-mm) thick and up to about
1-in. (25-mm) across.
3. Lump (walnut size). Lumps approximately 3 to in. (9.5 to 19 mm) 3

in diameter.
4. Lump (pea size). Lumps approximately 1 to 3 in. (6.3 to 9.5 mm) in
diameter.
5. Beads. Approximately 95 percent fner than US Standard Sieve Series
No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve and 95 percent larger than US Standard Sieve Series No. 12
(1.70 mm) sieve.

* All sieve numbers referred to in this standard are US Standard Sieve Series numbers, as speci fed in AS TM E11.
† Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units and are not those speci fed
in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
4 AWWA B5 02-1 7

6. Granular (coarse). Crushed or ground, approximately 90 percent fner

than US Standard Sieve Series No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve and 95 percent larger than
US Standard Sieve Series No. 20 (850 µm) sieve.
7. Granular (fne). Crushed or ground, approximately 95 percent fner
than US Standard Sieve Series No. 12 (1.70 mm) sieve and 80 percent larger than
US Standard Sieve Series No. 100 (150 µm) sieve.
8. Powdered. Approximately 98 percent fner than US Standard Sieve
Series No. 20 (850 µm) sieve.
4.1 .2 Solubility. Te material shall be readily soluble at any temperature
in the range of 50°–100°F (10°–38°C) when mixed in a ratio of one part to four
parts distilled water.
Sec. 4.2 Chemical Requirements
4.2.1 P O . Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, shall contain not less than
2 5
65.0 percent phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), 28.4 percent phosphorus (P), or
87.0 percent phosphate (PO 4) on an as-is basis.
4.2.2 pH. Te pH of a 1 percent by weight solution of sodium polyphos-
phate, glassy, shall be in the range of 5.8–7.3.
4.2.3 Other. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, can be expressed on an as-is
basis as either phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), phosphate (PO 4), or phosphorus (P).
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Te following conversions are provided to facilitate comparisons, if needed.

4.2.3.1 Calculation. Percent P2O5 content can be expressed as percent
P content by multiplying P2O5 by 0.437.
P = 0.437 (percent P2O5) (Eq 1)
4.2.3.2 Calculation. Percent P2O5 content can be expressed as percent
PO 4 content by multiplying P2O5 by 1.34.
PO 4 = 1.34 (percent P2O5) (Eq 2)
4.2.3.3 Calculation. Percent P content can be expressed as percent PO 4
content by multiplying P by 3.06.
PO 4 = 3.06 (percent P) (Eq 3)
Sec. 4.3 Impurities*
4.3.1 General. Te material supplied in accordance with this standard
shall contain no soluble inorganic or organic substances in quantities capable of
* See Sec. I.C of the foreword.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 SODI U m PO lYP h OSP h ATE, G l ASSY (SODI U m h E x Am ETAP h OSP h ATE) 5

producing deleterious or injurious efects to the health of persons consuming water

that has been properly treated with the material.
4.3.2 Water-insoluble matter. Water-insoluble matter in the material shall
not exceed 0.1 percent by weight.
4.3.3 Product certifcations. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, is a direct
additive used in the treatment of potable water. Tis material should be certi-
fed as suitable for contact with or treatment of drinking water by an accredited
certi fcation organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Evaluation shall be
accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than
those listed in NSF/ANSI 60. Certi fcation shall be accomplished by a certi fcation
organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION

Sec. 5.1 Sampling

Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, is very hygroscopic, and the entire process of
sampling, mixing, dividing, and packaging should be performed in a dry atmo-
sphere and as expeditiously as possible.
5.1 .1 Sampling point. Samples shall be taken at the point of destination.
5.1 .2 Sampling device. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, in any form except
plates or fakes shall be sampled using a sampling tube that is at least 3 in. (19 mm)
in diameter. Plate or fake forms of the material shall be sampled only by scoop.
5.1 .3 Amount of shipment to be sampled. Five percent of the packages
or containers shall be sampled, with a minimum of 5 packages and a maximum
of 15 packages in any one shipment sampled. No sample shall be taken from a
broken package.
5.1 .4 Sample size and handling. Te gross sample, weighing at least 10 lb
(4.5 4 kg), shall be mixed thoroughly and rapidly and shall be divided to provide
three 1-lb (0.454-kg) samples. Tese samples shall be sealed in airtight glass con-
tainers. A label shall be afxed to each sample container to identify the sample and
the date, and the label shall be signed by the sampler. A chain-of-custody form
shall accompany all samples and shall be properly completed by the individuals
collecting samples.
5.1 .5 Test samples. Test samples shall be obtained from sealed material
samples delivered to the laboratory. Material samples shall be unsealed only when

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

6 AWWA B5 02-1 7

it is necessary to remove quantities of the material for testing. Removal shall be

accomplished quickly, and the material sample shall then be resealed for future use.
5.1 .6 Retention. Samples shall be retained for at least 28 days after date
of receipt before disposal.
Sec. 5.2 Test Procedures
5.2.1 Laboratory examination. Samples to be analyzed for phosphorus
content have a maximum holding time of 28 days. Terefore, the laboratory exam-
ination of the samples should be completed as soon as possible after receipt of the
shipment (Sec. 5.3).
5.2.2 Test procedure for size. Rapidly weigh 100 g of the sample; then
screen on the appropriate US Standard Sieve Series sieves to determine compliance
with the size requirements of Sec. 4.1 .1 , weighing the amounts of material passing
through or being retained on the sieves. Te entire process should be performed in
a dry atmosphere and as expeditiously as possible because of the hygroscopicity of
sodium polyphosphate, glassy. Because it is not practical to screen plates and fakes,
such materials must be evaluated for compliance by inspection and by measuring
individual particles.
5.2.3 Test procedure for solubility. Rapidly weigh 100 g of the sample in a
beaker. Add 400 mL of distilled water at 50°–100°F (10°–38°C). Stir moderately
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for 30 min, after which time all material should, by visual determination, be dis-
solved. Filter through tared, dried glass-fber flter paper of the type used for total
suspended solids. Wash the beaker with distilled water. Using the same distilled
water, wash the residue with six 25-mL portions of distilled water. Dry the flter
paper and residue at 221°F (105°C) for 1 hr and weigh. Report the increase in
weight as insoluble matter. One gram equals 1.0 percent.
5.2.4 Test procedure for P O content. Phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5)
2 5
content shall be determined by the pH titration method described in the following
paragraphs. As an alternative, the quinolinium phosphate procedure presented in
Sec. 5.2.5 may be used. If discrepancies between the methods develop, the titration
method in Sec. 5.2.4 shall govern.
5.2.4.1 Reagents.
1. Sodium hydroxide solution, 1.0N.
2. Sodium hydroxide solution, 6.0N.
3. Hydrochloric acid, concentrated (1.19 speci fc gravity).

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 SODI U m PO lYP h OSP h ATE, G l ASSY (SODI U m h E x Am ETAP h OSP h ATE) 7

5.2.4.2 Procedure.
1. Accurately weigh a 4.000-g (±0.0001-g) sample and transfer to a 400-mL
beaker. Add 200 mL of distilled water and 15 mL of concentrated hydrochloric
acid.
2. Cover with a watch glass and boil gently for at least 30 min. Cool to
room temperature. Wash down beaker walls and watch glass cover with a minimal
amount of distilled water.
3. Bring pH to a value of approximately 3.0 with 6N NaOH. Boil and cool.
Bring volume to 200 mL with distilled water. Calibrate the pH meter with 7 and
10 or 4 and 7 pH bufers. Adjust the sample to exactly 3.9 pH and titrate with 1 N
NaOH to pH 8.8. Record, in milliliters, the titration (T1) from pH 3.9 to pH 8.8.
4. Follow the same procedure with a dried sample of high-purity potassium
acid phosphate (KH 2PO 4). Record, in milliliters, the titration (T2) from pH 3.9
to pH 8.8.
5.2.4.3 Calculation. Te percent of P2O5 of the sample is equal to the
percent P2O5 of KH 2PO 4 multiplied by T1 /T2. Because the percent of P2O5 of
pure KH 2PO 4 is 52.16,
percent of P2O5 in sample = 52.1T62× T1 (Eq 4)
5.2.5 Alternative test procedures for P O content. Phosphorous pentoxide
2 5
content shall be determined either by the method described in Sec. 5.2.4 or by
the quinolinium phosphate method described in detail in the following sections.
Purchasers may also use methods from Sec. 4500-P in Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, latest edition. If discrepancies between the
methods develop, the titration method in Sec. 5.2.4 shall govern.
5.2.5.1 Reagents.
1. Citric-molybdate solution. Mix 54 g of 100 percent molybdic anhy-
dride (MoO3) with 200 mL of distilled water. Add 11 g reagent-grade NaOH
and stir while heating until the MoO3 dissolves. Dissolve 60 g pure citric acid in
250 mL of distilled water and add 140 mL of concentrated HCl. Pour the molyb-
date solution into the acid solution while stirring continuously. Cool, flter, and
dilute to 1 L. Te solution may be slightly green or blue, and the color will deepen
when exposed to light. If necessary, add a 0.5 percent solution of potassium bro-
mate (KBrO3), drop by drop, until the green color becomes pale. Store in a dark
place in a polyethylene bottle.

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

8 AWWA B5 02-1 7

2. Quinoline solution. Place 300–400 mL of distilled water and 60 mL

of concentrated HCl in a 1-L beaker and heat to 148°–176°F (64°–80°C). While
stirring, slowly add 50 mL of pure synthetic quinoline that is free from reducing
agents. When the quinoline has dissolved, cool, dilute to 1 L, flter, and store in a
polyethylene bottle.
5.2.5.2 Procedure.
1. Weigh 1.000 g (±0.001 g) of sample and quantitatively transfer to a
250-mL beaker. Add 100 mL of distilled water and 30 mL of concentrated nitric
acid and boil for 30 min. Cool and flter through glass- fber flter of the type
used for total suspended solids. Transfer the fltrate to a 500-mL volumetric fask
and dilute with distilled water to 500 mL.
2. Pipette a 20-mL aliquot (containing 0.040 g of sample) into a 250-mL
beaker and dilute with distilled water to about 100 mL.
3. Add 30 mL of citric-molybdate solution and boil gently for 3 min. If
the solution contains precipitate at this time, discard the test and repeat the pro-
cedure; otherwise, immediately add 15 mL of quinoline solution from a burette
while stirring continuously. First, add 2–3 mL, drop by drop, over a period of
40–60 sec, and then add the remainder, in a steady stream, over a period of 1 min.
GetKeep
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temperature.
4. Filter through a glass-fber flter disc on a Gooch crucible that has been
previously dried at 392°F (200°C) and weighed. Wash twice with 5–10 mL of dis-
tilled water at room temperature. Dry the crucible and contents to constant weight
(about 20 min) at 392°F (200°C), cool, and weigh. Correct for reagent blank and
multiply by 0.032074 to obtain the weight of P2O5.
5.2.5.3 Calculation.
percent of P2O5 in sample = weightweight of P2O5 × 100 (Eq 5)
of sample in aliquot
5.2.6 T est procedure for pH. Weigh out 10 g of the sample, dissolve, and
dilute to 1 L with distilled water. Tis equals a 1 percent solution. Determine the
pH using a calibrated pH meter with a glass electrode. Report as pH of a 1 percent
solution.
Sec. 5.3 Notice of Nonconformance
If the material delivered to the purchaser does not meet the chemical, physi-
cal, safety, or security requirements of this standard, the purchaser shall provide a

Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 SODI U m PO lYP h OSP h ATE, G l ASSY (SODI U m h E x Am ETAP h OSP h ATE) 9

notice of nonconformance to the supplier within 5 days after receipt of the ship-
ment at the point of destination. Te results of the purchaser’s tests shall prevail,
unless the supplier notifes the purchaser within 5 days after receipt of the notice of
nonconformance that a retest is desired. On receipt of the request for a retest, the
purchaser shall forward to the supplier one of the sealed samples taken in accor-
dance with Sec. 5.1 . In the event the results obtained by the supplier on retesting
do not agree with the test results obtained by the purchaser, the other sealed sample
shall be forwarded, unopened, to a referee laboratory agreed on by both parties.
Te results of the referee analysis shall be accepted as fnal.
Material not complying with the requirements of this standard and the pur-
chaser’s documents may be rejected. Replacement and retesting shall be accom-
plished in accordance with the purchaser’s documents.
Because the exact concentration of the active ingredient in speci fc shipments
of some materials can vary within an acceptable range (thereby conforming to the
standard), the purchase documents between purchaser and supplier should address
treatment of concentration variation.
SECTION 6: DELIVERY*

Sec. 6.1 Marking

6.1 .1 Required. Each shipment of material shall be identi fed as to prod-
uct, grade, net weight, name and address of the manufacturer, and the brand name.
Packages or containers shall show a lot number and identi fcation of manufac-
turer. All markings on packaged, containerized, or bulk shipments shall conform
to applicable laws and regulations, including requirements established by the US
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
6.1 .2 Optional. Packages may also bear the statement, “Guaranteed by
(name of manufacturer) to meet the requirements of ANSI/AWWA B502, Sodium
Polyphosphate, Glassy (Sodium Hexametaphosphate),” provided that the require-
ments of this standard are met.

* Governmental packaging and marking references refect US requirements. Users of this standard outside the
United States should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements. Because of frequent changes in
these regulations, all parties should remain informed of possible revisions. Provisions of the purchaser’s documents
should not preclude compliance with applicable regulations.
Copyright © 201 7 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
10 AWWA B5 02-1 7

Sec. 6.2 Packaging and Shipping

6.2.1 Containers. Sodium polyphosphate, glassy, shall be shipped in
50- to 100-lb (22.7- to 45.4-kg) net weight, moisture-proof, multiwall paper bags;
60- to 300-lb (27.2- to 136.1 -kg) net weight, nonreturnable, fber drums; 300- to
350-lb (136.1 - to 158.8-kg) net weight, plastic-lined steel drums; or in other suit-
able containers and net weights as may be required by the purchaser’s documents.
6.2.2 Net weight. Te net weight of the package shall not deviate from
the recorded weight by more than ±1.0 percent. Any exception taken to the weight
of the material received shall be based on a deviation from the certi fed unit weight
of not less than 10 percent of the packages shipped and selected at random from
the entire shipment. However, not less than 10 nor more than 25 packages need
be weighed.
6.2.3 Security requirements for nonbulk shipments. Packaged product shall
be stored, shipped, and delivered in tamper-evident packaging as defned in Sec-
tion 3, or an alternative method or methods may be agreed on by the manufacturer
and purchaser that provide a reasonable assurance of protection against tampering.
6.2.4 Security requirements for bulk shipments. Bulk quantities of product
shall be secured by employing one of the following security measures or a combina-
Gettion
more ofFREE
measures:
standards from Standard Sharing Group and our chats
6.2.4.1 Seals. Bulk quantities of product may be sealed with a uniquely
numbered tamper-evident seal(s). Te seal numbers shall be recorded and dis-
closed on shipping documents such as the bill of lading. Seals shall be inspected on
receipt of product by the purchaser, and evidence of tampering or removal should
be reported to the carrier and supplier.
6.2.4.2 Chain of custody. A continuous chain of custody shall be main-
tained between the manufacturer and the purchaser during storage and shipment
if so speci fed by the purchaser.
6.2.4.3 Alternative method. Alternative methods that provide reasonable
assurance of protection against tampering may be implemented if agreed on by the
manufacturer and purchaser.
Sec. 6.3 A fdavit of Compliance or Certi fed Analysis
Te purchaser may require either (1) an afdavit from the manufacturer that
the material provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard or
(2) a certi fed analysis of the material at the time of delivery detailing the desired
items.

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