GE 1: LESSON 1

 A NAME IS NOT THE PERSON ITSELF NO MATTER HOW INTIMATELY BOUND IT IS WITH
THE BEARER. IT IS ONLY A SIGNIFIER.
PRE – SOCRATIC ERA
1. THALES OF MILETUS
2. PYTHAGORAS
3. HERACLITUS
4. PARMENIDES
5. ANAXAGORAS
6. EMPEDOCES
7. GORGIAS
8. ZENO
9. PROTAGORAS
10. DEMOCRITUS
SOCRATES - FIRST PHILOSOPHER WHO EVER ENGAGED IN A SYSTEMATIC QUESTIONING
ABOUT THE SELF.
 WAS MORE CONCERNED WITH ANOTHER SUBJECT, THE PROBLEM OF THE SELF.
 EVERY MAN IS COMPOSED OF BODY AND SOUL
PLATO - PLATO ADDED THE THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL.
1. THE RATIONAL SOUL
2. THE SPIRITUAL SOUL
3. THE APPETITTIVE SOUL
 PLATO EMPHASIZE THAT JUSTICE IN THE HUMAN PERSON CAN ONLY BE
ATTAINEDIF THE THREE PARTS OF THE SOUL ARE WORKING HARMONIOUSLY WITH
ONE ANOTHER
AUGUSTINE - PERSON REFLECTS THE ENTIRE SPIRIT OF THE MEDIEVAL WORLD WHEN IT
COMES TO MAN
 BODY IS BOUND TO DIE ON EARTH AND THE SOUL IS TO ANTICIPAT LIVING
ETERNALLY
AQUINAS - MAN IS COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS: MATTER AND FORM.
 CELLS IN MAN’S BODY ARE MORE OR LESS SKIN TO THE CELLS OF ANY OTHER LIVING
ORGANIC BEING IN THE WORLD
 TO AQUINAS, JUST AS IN ARISTOTLE, THE SOUL IS WHAT ANIMATES THE BODY; IT IS
WHAT MAKES US HUMANS
DECARTES - CONCIEVED OF THE HUMAN PERSON AS HAVING A BODY AND A MIND
 CLAIMS THAT THERE IS SO MUCH THAT WE SHOULD DOUBT.
 “ONE SHOULD ONLY BELIEVE THAT SINCE WHICH CAN PASS TEST OF DOUBT.”
(DECARTES, 2008)
HUME - THE SELF IS NOTHING LIKE WHAT HIS PREDECESSORS THOUGHT OF IT.
 HE CLAIMS THAT THAT MEN CAN ONLY ATTAIN KNOWLEDGE BY EXPERIENCING.
 THE SELF IS NOTHING ELSE BUT A BUNDLE OF IMPRESSION.
 THEY CAN ALL BE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO: IMPRESSION AND IDEAS.
KANT - there must be a mind that is regulated by the impression that people get from the external world.
GILBERT RYLE - what really matters in the behavior a person exhibits in their daily life.
MERLEAU PONTY - the mind and body are interrelated one cannot have any experience that is not an
embodied experience

GE 1: LESSON 2
Stevens 1996 - "The Self is seperate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary and private.'
Consistent - has a personality that enduring and therefore can expected to persist for some quite some time
Unitary - it is the center of all experiences and thougths that run through a certain person.
Private - self is isolated from the external world
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISTS - Argue that the self should not be seen as static entity that stay constant
through and through.
Mead and Vygotsk - Mead's Theory of Social Behaviorism
George Herbert Mead - believed people develop self -images through interactions with other people
Vygotsky's Theory - a child's cognitive development and learning ability can be guided and mediated by their
social interactions.
- Vygotsky sociocultural theory also suggested that children internalise and learn from
the beliefs and attituted that they witness around them
PERSONNE – REFER TO THEIR SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
MOI – REFER TO THEIR FUNDAMENTAL PERSONALITY