BSBA

OM 3-1

CHAPTER 4:
THE BASICS OF
BAR CODING
GROUP 4
 OUR TEAM

Gonzales, Arianne Guinto, Shane Eryz Igloria, Alfrancis Jimenez, Alexis

Layosa, Ace Manese, Ivan Mejia, Pauline

 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Understand commonly used
barcoding elements, symbols, and
symbologies.
Learn scanning and printing basics.
Learn how to use barcode
applications.
Learn the basics of a QR code and
generate a personal QR code.
 WHAT BAR CODING IS?
Bar coding is an automatic identification technology that allows data to be
collected rapidly and accurately from all aspects of a company's operations,
including manufacturing, inspection, transportation, and inventory elements.

It is a machine-readable arrangement of numbers and parallel lines of

different widths printed on a package, which can be electronically scanned at
a checkout to register the price of the goods and to activate computer stock-
checking and reordering.
 HOW IT WORKS?

Barcode Labels Inventory Software

Barcode Scanner
 KEY BENEFITS

EFFICIENCY REAL-TIME REDUCED

ACCURACY
TRACKING STOCKOUTS

REDUCED REPORTING & COSTUMER SMOOTH

OVERSTOCK ANALYTICS SERVICE AUDITS
OPTICAL
CHARACTER
RECOGNITION
(OCR) ► Optical Character Recognition (OCR) in
inventory management is a technology
that allows businesses to convert printed
or handwritten text on labels, documents,
or product packaging into machine-
readable digital text.
 HOW (OCR) USED IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT?

AUTOMATION INVENTORY
DATA CAPTURE QUALITY CONTROL
UPDATES

REPORTING & COST REDUCTION

SEARCH & RE ANALYTICS INTEGRATION
TRIEVAL
 SOME DEVICES THAT FEATURE OCR

MOBILE PHONES PHOTO SCANNERS COPIERS DIGITAL CAMERAS

LAPTOP & PC HANDHELD OCR FOR VISUALLY

SCANNERS IMPAIRED
MACHINE
VISION
► Machine vision plays a
crucial role in modern inventory
management systems, offering
advanced automation and
accuracy for tracking and
managing inventory items
across various industries.
 HOW ‘’MACHINE VISION’’ USED IN INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT?

AUTOMATED ITEM INVENTORY STOCK MOVE

SHELF MENT
IDENTIFICATION QUALITY COUNTING TRACKING
MANAGEMENT
CONTROL

RETURN
DEMAND INVENTORY INTEGRATION &
PROCESS
FORECASTIN SECURITY & LOST ANALYTICS AUTOMATION DOCUMENTATION
G
PREVENTION & REPORTING
 INDUSTRIES THAT ADAPT MACHINE VISION
HEALTHCARE RESTAURANTS
ENERGY &
UTILITY

AUTOMOTIVE RETAILS
MAGNETIC STRIP

► Magnetic strips, also known as magnetic stripe cards or magstripe

cards, have historically been used in various aspects of inventory
management, particularly in retail and library systems.
 HOW ‘’MAGNETIC STRIP’’ USED IN INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT?

PRODUCT SECURITY ACCESS INVENTORY POINT OF SAE

IDENTIFICATION UPDATES SYSTEM (POS)
SOME EXAMPLES OF MAGSTRIPE AND
COMPANIES THAT USES IT
SURFACE ACOUSTIC
WAVE TECHNOLOGY
(SAW) ►Surface Acoustic Wave
(SAW) technology in
inventory management
refers to a specific
method of tracking and
managing inventory using
surface acoustic wave
sensors and systems.
 HOW (SAW) USED IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT?

SAW TAGS INTERACTIONS

SAW READERS

REAL-TIME
DATA PROCESSING INVENTORY
DATA TRANSMISSION
TRACKING
 STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS ON HOW (SAW) IS
UTILIZED IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
1st Tagging Items: Each
Tagging inventory item is tagged
with a small SAW RFID
Inventory
tag containing a microchip
Items and a SAW device.
Emission of Radio Waves: When
2nd an RFID reader emits radio waves,
these waves contain energy.
Signal Absorption of Energy: The SAW
Transmission device on the RFID tag absorbs
energy from the emitted radio
waves.
Conversion Process: The
3rd
absorbed energy is
Conversion converted into surface
to S.A.W.
acoustic waves (SAWs)
by the SAW device.
Passing through RFID Reader's Range: As
4th the tagged item moves within the range of
Reading
an RFID reader, the reader emits radio
waves.
Energy Absorption and Reflection: The
the SAW device on the RFID tag absorbs some
energy from the reader's waves and reflects
Tags the surface acoustic waves back to the
reader.
Detection by RFID Reader: The
5th RFID reader detects the reflected
Data surface acoustic waves.
Decoding Information: The reader
Retrieval decodes the information stored in
the microchip on the RFID tag.
Data Processing: The decoded
6th
information is sent from the RFID
Integration reader to a central computer or server.
Update Inventory Database: The
with received data is processed and used
to update the inventory management
I.M.S. database in real-time.
Real-time Monitoring: The inventory
7th management system constantly monitors
Inventory the database, allowing real-time tracking of
inventory items as they move within the
Monitoring RFID reader's range.
Automation and Alerts: Automated
& Mgmt processes can be set up based on the data
received.
Data Analysis: Over time, the collected data
8th can be analyzed to identify trends, optimize
inventory levels, and improve
Analysis & supply chain efficiency.
Reporting: Inventory managers can generate
Reporting reports based on the collected data, helping
in strategic decision-making, demand
forecasting, and inventory optimization.
By following these steps,
businesses can effectively utilize
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
technology in inventory
management, enabling accurate,
efficient, and real-time tracking of
their inventory items.
► A Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) tag, also known simply as an
RFID tag or RF tag, is a type of
electronic device used in inventory
management and various other
applications to uniquely identify and
track items.

RADIO FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
TAG (RFID)
 HOW ‘’RFID’’ USED IN INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT?

TAG COMPONENTS TAG TYPES COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

 SOME EXAMPLES OF RFID AND
COMPANY USES RFID

TOLLGATES DEBIT & CREDIT CARDS

UNIQLO
 BARCODE
SYMBOLOGY
Bar Code Symbology

a method of representing numeric or alphabetic digits using patterns of dark

bars and intervening light spaces coupled with rules for how it is presented
 UNIVERSAL PRODUCT CODE

ONE-DIMENSIONAL MAY SC

YOU

AN
!
1D Symbologies encode data horizontally
along the barcode and can store a limited
amount of information. As more data is
CODE 128
encoded, the barcode becomes wider.

MAY SC

YOU

AN
!
UNIVERSAL PRODUCT CODE CODE 128
 Y
MA SC

AN
YOU

!
DATA MATRIX

TWO-DIMENSIONAL
MAY SC
YOU

AN
!

Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes use

QR CODE rectangles, dots, hexagons and other
geometric patterns, called matrix codes, that
can contain a great deal more information than
MAY SC
a typical 1D barcode.
YOU

AN
!

PDF417
DATA MATRIX QR CODE PDF417
 STRUCTURE OF A GENERIC BAR CODE SYMBOL
“X” Dimension

Quiet Zone Quiet Zone

Start Character Stop Character

Data Characters

Quiet Zone Start and Stop Data Characters “X” Dimension

Characters
It gives the scanner a
These tell the scanner
starting point from which to
where the message
start its measurements.
begins.
It determines how wide each
These are the actual
narrow and wide bar or
message within the code.
space will be. The larger the
“X” dimension of a symbol,
the easier it is to read.
 DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SYMBOLOGIES

WHAT IS DISCRETE WHAT IS CONTINUOUS

SYMBOLOGY? SYMBOLOGY?

Discrete barcodes are a type Continuous barcodes do not

of 1-dimensional (1D) barcode
also called linear barcodes
that encodes discrete
characters within their
symbol.
contain intercharacter spaces,
meaning one character
seamlessly follows another
with no gaps in between.
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SYMBOLOGIES

DISCRETE DISCRETE BARCODE

SYMBOLOGY LIBRARY
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SYMBOLOGIES

CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS BARCODE

SYMBOLOGY JNT EXPRESS
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD

UNIVERSAL PRODUCT
CODE/EUROPEAN ARTICLE
NUMBERING SYSTEM
Universal Product Code (UPC), which will
eventually be interchangeable with UPC, is the
European Article Numbering System (EAN). The
UPC symbology is highly structured and
controlled, and it is only used in general
merchandise retailing.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD

Universal Product Codes (UPC) are typically found

on product labels and packaging.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD

CODE 39
This symbology is the most widely used
barcode in non retail applications. Most stock
keepers will be able to find a Code 39
software to interface with their existing
application software systems.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD

XYZ Electronics is a company that manufactures

and sells electronic components and devices.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD

CODE 128
This code, introduced in 1981, is the preferred
symbology for most new bar code
applications. It is one you should seriously
consider if your business is going to enter into
the world of bar coding.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES FOUND
IN THE INVENTORY WORLD

In the pharmaceutical industry, the use of Code 128 barcodes is critical for
patient safety, quality control, and efficient healthcare operations.
 POPULAR SYMBOLOGIES
FOUND IN THE INVENTORY
WORLD
SCANNING BASICS
 HANDHELD
SCANNER
FIXED STATION TYPES
 AUTOMATIC
HANDHELD
Laser Scanner
 AUTOMATIC
FIXED STATION
Charge-Couple Device
PRINTING BASICS
COMMON BAR CODE PRINT TECHNOLOGIES

Laser (Xerographic)
 BARCODE
APPLICATIONS
All of the bits and pieces of information you need to know in order to
control inventory in a distribution environment.
 EXAMPLES OF USING BAR CODES

TRACKING MULTIPLE ACTIVITIES AT

RECEIVING—SHIPPING THE SAME TIME IN A MANUFACTURING
SETTING
 EXAMPLES OF USING BAR CODES

USING BAR CODING AS PART OF A BAR CODING AND PHYSICAL

MAINTENANCE PROGRAM INVENTORY AND CYCLE COUNTING
QR CODE
BASICS
 QR CODE

A QR code (short for "quick-response code")

is a type of two-dimensional matrix barcode, SCAN ME!
invented in 1994, by the Japanese company
Denso Wave for labeling automobile parts.

A QR code consists of black squares

arranged in a square grid on a white
background, including some fiducial
markers.
ELEMENTS OF A
QR CODE
Positioning detection markers
At the three corners of each QR Code,
these markers enable fast and accurate
scanning by indicating both the Code's
presence and its orientation.
 Alignment markings
Smaller than position markers, they
straighten curved QR Codes, and larger
Codes with more data need more
alignment patterns.
 Timing pattern
The alternating black/white modules on
the QR Code help configure the data grid
size, allowing the scanner to determine
the matrix's dimensions accurately.
 Version information
Among the 40 QR Code versions, these
markers specify the one in use, with
versions 1 to 7 being the most common.
 Format information
Format patterns contain error tolerance
and data mask pattern info, aiding Code
scanning.
Data and error correction keys
The QR Code structure contains both your
data and error correction blocks, allowing
for up to 30% damage.
 Quiet zone
Like white space in design, the quiet zone
in a QR Code provides structure and aids
scanning programs in distinguishing it
from its surroundings.
VARIANTS OF
QR CODE
 QR CODE MODEL 1 AND MODEL 2

The original QR Code, capable of encoding 1,167 numerals up to version

14 (73 x 73 modules), was improved in Model 2. This enhanced code
remains readable even when distorted, making it efficient for curved
surfaces or distorted reading images.

Illustration Industry Example

 MICRO QR CODE

Micro QR Code has a single position detection pattern, unlike regular QR

Codes with patterns at three corners. It also needs only a two-module
wide margin instead of QR Code's four, making it suitable for even
smaller spaces.

Illustration Industry Example

 rMQR CODE
Rectangular Micro QR Code

rMQR Code is a compact, high-capacity 2D code, designed for printing in

tight spaces and storing more data than Micro QR Code.

Illustration Industry Example

 SQRC
Security QR Code

A QR Code can hold both public and private data, with the private data
accessible only to a dedicated reader with the cryptographic key for
added security. SQRC appears identical to regular QR Codes, preventing
forgery and tampering.

Illustration Industry Example

Healthcare Providers
 FRAME QR

FrameQR is a versatile QR code with a flexible "canvas area" for inserting

text and images, making it ideal for promotions, authenticity verification,
and various other applications.

Illustration Industry Example

 STATIC VS
DYNAMIC QR CODE
 STATIC QR CODE
Static QR Codes are QR Codes
that can’t be changed once they
are created. These are, for
example, email and text Codes,
which don’t gather any tracking
metrics.
DYNAMIC QR CODE
Dynamic QR Codes have the
possibility to be edited after
completion. Both the type of QR
Code and the content are editable
as many times as needed.
USES OF
QR CODE
 JOINING A WIFI COVID 19
PRODUCT
NETWORK CONTACT
TRACING
TRACING

QR CODE RESTAURANT
PAYMENT ORDERING
RISK OF USING A
QR CODE
MALWARE ATTACKS

PHISHING ATTACKS

BUGS IN QR CODES

FINANCIAL THEFT
HOW TO USE QR
CODE FOR
INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT
QR Code Inventory Management With Nest Egg

LOGGING ITEMS

STREAMLINED PURCHASING AND ORDER

FULFILLMENT

QR CODE LABELS
HOW TO GENERATE
A QR CODE?
 CANVA
On the editor side panel, click
Apps.
Under Create something new,
click on QR Code.
Enter the URL of the page you
want your QR code to open.
Click on Generate code. The QR
code will be added to your
design.
 SCAN ME!

SAMPLE OF A QR
CODE MADE IN
CANVA
 OTHER APPS/WEBSITES THAT CAN
GENERATE QR CODE

QR Code Generator Scanova QRCode Monkey

SCAN ME! SCAN ME! SCAN ME!

Beaconstac Adobe Express

SCAN ME! SCAN ME!

QR CODES SIMPLIFY INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT BY SPEEDING UP
DATA ENTRY, ENSURING
ACCURACY, AND ENABLING REAL-
TIME TRACKING.
APPLICATION
 RECAP
Barcoding is an effective technique of tracking inventory by encoding product
information into bars and alphanumeric letters, throughout the production
process all the way to a sale.
There are various kinds of bar code symbology.
Barcode has printing and scanning basics.
Inventory management is made simpler by QR codes since they streamline data
entry, guarantee accuracy, and allow for real-time tracking.
THANK
YOU!
 RESOURCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code#
Essentials of Inventory Management - Chapter 4: The Basics of Bar Coding
https://youtu.be/jKOpN1S4ugM?si=YdhdlXUIgtquVyIR
RESOURCE PAGE