CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 1.1
Completing sentences about the carbon cycle
1 Plants use carbon dioxide when they photosynthesise.
2 Cells that can photosynthesise contain chloroplasts.
3 Carbon dioxide moves into a leaf by diffusion.
4 Photosynthesis is the only process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
5 Decomposers release carbon dioxide into the air when they respire.
6 The collision of an asteroid with Earth caused a mass extinction.
7 Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
8 The increase in the mean global temperature is causing sea level to rise.

Worksheet 1.2
Making predictions
Credit any grammatically and scientifically correct prediction. For example, possible sentences to
complete the first two statements could include:
1 If a plant does not have enough sunlight, it will become yellow.
If a plant does not have enough sunlight, it will not be able to photosynthesise.
If a plant does not have enough sunlight, it will grow very slowly.
2 If a plant respires faster than it photosynthesises, it will take in more oxygen than it gives out.
If a plant respires faster than it photosynthesises, it will give out more carbon dioxide than
it takes in.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 1
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 2.1
Using the correct word
1 Three elements in Group 1 are lithium, sodium and potassium. (Accept the elements in any order.)
2 The elements in Group 1 are very soft. They can easily be cut with a knife.
3 The elements in Group 1 are stored under oil because they are very reactive.
4 When these elements react with water, they form the gas hydrogen.
5 The elements are more reactive with water as you go down the group.
(Accept less reactive as you go up the group.)
6 The two elements in Group 7 are fluorine and chlorine. (Accept the elements in any order.)
7 The first two elements in Group 7 are gases at room temperature.
8 The three elements in Group 8 are helium, argon and neon. (Accept the elements in any order.)
9 All the elements in this group are gases at room temperature.
10 The elements in Group 8 are unreactive and do not form compounds with other elements.
11 The elements in Group 7 are less reactive as you go down the group.
(Accept more reactive as you go up the group.)
12 The elements in Group 7 have seven electrons in their highest energy level shell.
13 The size of the atoms in Group 8 gets larger as you go down the group.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 2
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 2.2
Matching words and meanings and distinguishing between terms
1

the number of protons in an

lattice atom; each type of atom has a
unique number

the number of protons and

electrostatic forces neutrons in an atom added
together

a regular repeated three-

dimensional arrangement of
chemical bonds
atoms, ions or molecules in a
metal or other crystalline solid

ways in which elements are joined

dot and cross diagram
together to form compounds

forces of attraction between

atomic number particles with opposite electrical
charges

a way of showing atoms sharing

mass number
electrons to form a covalent bond

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 3
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

2 a An atom of sodium has one electron in its highest energy level in the outer shell, but an ion of
sodium has lost the electron from the outer shell. This makes the sodium ion more stable than the
atom. The sodium atom has the same number of positively charged protons as negatively charged
electrons, so the atom has no overall charge. But since the sodium ion has one fewer electron,
there is one more positively charged proton than electrons, so the ion has an overall positive
charge.
b A covalent bond is formed when non-metals join together. An ionic bond is formed when a metal
and a non-metal join together. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells
and make them more stable. In an ionic bond, atoms lose or gain electrons to complete their outer
electron shell.
c A molecule is formed when two or more non-metals join together with a covalent bond.
A macromolecule is formed when very large numbers of atoms join together, such as in diamond
or graphite.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 4
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 3.1
Forces and energy vocabulary
1 a The density of an object is its mass divided by its volume.
b The words heat and temperature have different meanings.

c When you hold an ice cube, heat is transferred from your hand into the ice.
d Conduction of heat occurs better in solids than in gases.
e Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but energy can be changed from one form to another.
2

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 5
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 3.2
Correcting the units
1 a The unit of density is grams per cubic centimetre or grams per centimetre cubed.
b The unit of temperature is degrees Celsius or °C.

c The unit of thermal energy is joules or J.

2 The questions may vary; they are correct if they would elicit the answer given.
Examples include:

a Complete the equation for density: density = _______________.

b Explain why warmer air rises.
c Explain why radiation can transfer thermal energy through a vacuum.
d Explain how evaporation lowers the average energy of particles in a liquid.
e State the law of conservation of energy.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 6
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 4.1
Linking words to their meanings
the loss of water vapour from the
fetus
leaves of a plant

a tube that carries urine from the

ureter
bladder to the outside of the body

a waste substance that is filtered

urethra
from the blood by the kidneys

a small gap between the cells in

urea
the underside of a leaf

a baby developing inside its

stoma
mother’s uterus

one of the two tubes that carry

transpiration urine from the kidneys to the
bladder

dead cells that form long, hollow

xylem tubes for transporting water in
plants

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 7
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 4.2
Unscrambling words to complete sentences
1 root hair
2 liver
3 renal
4 liquid, gas
5 haemoglobin
6 excretion
7 urethra
8 centre
9 evaporates
10 diffuses

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 8
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 5.1
Sorting chemicals
1 (Note: water and iron oxide should not appear in any of the columns.)

Salts Acids Alkalis

lead nitrate sulfuric acid sodium hydroxide

zinc chloride citric acid potassium hydroxide
copper sulfate hydrochloric acid lithium hydroxide
calcium carbonate nitric acid calcium hydroxide
sodium chloride
potassium carbonate
potassium sulfate
sodium sulfate
sodium citrate
zinc nitrate

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 9
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 5.2
Correcting statements
1 Acids have a pH of less than 7.
2 It is not safe to put the metal sodium into dilute acid.
3 The salt magnesium nitrate is made using nitric acid.
4 The formula for nitric acid is HNO3.
5 The gas hydrogen is given off when an acid reacts with a metal.
6 All acids contain the element hydrogen.
7 Silver is less reactive than zinc.
8 When you make a salt by neutralisation, the alkali is placed in the flask.
Accept:
When you make a salt by neutralisation, the acid is placed in the burette.
9 To test for the gas hydrogen, you should place a lighted splint in the gas.
If it makes a squeaky pop sound when it burns, it is hydrogen.
10 Copper does not react with dilute acid.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 10
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 6.1
Forces and energy vocabulary
1 a i scientific meaning: add together or combine to make nothing
ii everyday meaning: to decide that an event will not take place / to mark something
as no longer valid, such as a train ticket / to delete two identical terms from both sides
of an equation
b i scientific meaning: the frequency of a sound / the highness or lowness of a note / position of a
note on a musical scale
ii everyday meaning: area where a sport is played / type of black tar used to make things
waterproof / type of speech, such as a sales pitch / to throw something / adjective to describe a
dark or black colour
2 Down: 1 nursery, 4 reinforce, 6 nebula;
Across: 2 stellar, 3 hydrogen, 5 collision, 7 frequency, 8 hertz

Worksheet 6.2
Correcting the statements
1 a The frequency of a sound wave affects the pitch. / The amplitude of a sound wave affects
the loudness.
b When two sound waves cancel, the sound gets quieter / sound goes away. / When two sound
waves reinforce, the sound gets louder.
c The name of the gas found in all nebulae is hydrogen.
d A stellar nursery is where stars are formed.
2 Examples of possible questions include:
a What is the unit of frequency?
b Define frequency.
c What must be true of two waves that meet and cancel completely?
d Give one piece of evidence that contradicts the collision hypothesis for the formation
of the Moon.
e What is a stellar nursery?

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 11
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 7.1
Constructing sentences
1 Chromosomes are contained in the nuclei of cells.
2 Chromosomes are made of DNA.
3 Egg cells always contain an X chromosome, and sperm cells can contain either
an X or a Y chromosome.
4 Differences in the features of individuals can be caused by differences in their genes.
5 Most human cells contain forty-six chromosomes, but gametes contain twenty-three chromosomes.
6 Differences between organisms belonging to the same species are called variation.
7 Organisms that have differences in their DNA are said to have genetic differences.
8 An individual that has an advantageous feature has an increased chance of surviving and reproducing.
9 Natural selection does not always produce change.
10 Natural selection over many generations can result in genetic changes over time.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 12
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 7.2
Matching terms and descriptions

Questions Answers

What is the term used to starch

describe an egg cell or a
sperm cell?
natural selection

What are chromosomes

made of? X and Y

DNA
What term is used to describe
differences between individuals
belonging to the same species?
X and X

Which sex chromosomes are fertilisation

found in the nucleus of a cell
from a male?

a gamete

What is the term used to

describe the fusion of a male
variation
gamete with a female gamete?

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 13
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 8.1
Matching words and meanings
a measurement or reading that does not fit in with the
preliminary work pattern of the other results; such a result is not necessarily
wrong, but it should be checked

precipitate the steepness of a slope

trial run a way of collecting a gas given off in a reaction

surface area bumping into something

decompose the total area of the surface of an object

an insoluble solid formed when two soluble substances

anomalous result
react

a test run of an investigation to check that you can

collecting a gas over water
carry it out correctly

some practical work you do before an investigation to

gradient
find out how you will carry it out

collisions to break down

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 14
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 8.2
Correcting statements
1 When the temperature is increased, the rate of reaction increases.
2 The surface area of the reactants has an effect on the rate of reaction.
3 Diluting the acid used in a reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid decreases
the rate of reaction.
4 If you use large lumps of calcium carbonate in the reaction with an acid, the rate of reaction
will be slower than if you use small lumps.
5 To increase the rate of reaction for the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid, you could use
powdered zinc, raise the temperature and use more concentrated acid.
6 The effect of increasing surface area on the rate of reaction is to increase it.
7 The rate of reaction is affected by the concentration of the reactants.
8 When the rate of reaction increases, the mass or volume of the products does not increase,
they are formed more quickly.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 15
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 9.1
Electricity vocabulary
1 a i to slow the current / a value of a resistor in ohms
ii the act of preventing something / opposing an action
b i the flow of electrons / a value in amps
ii up to date or relevant to today / the flow of water in a river or the flow of air (not a small
dried fruit because that is currant)
c i a branched circuit / a branch of a circuit
ii straight lines that will never meet / an analogy
d i constant / not changing / not variable
ii repaired / attached to something
2

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 16
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9: LANGUAGE WORKSHEETS ANSWERS

Worksheet 9.2
Correcting the statements
1 a There is more than one path for current to flow in a parallel circuit.
b The voltage shown on a cell is a measure of the energy available from the cell.

c The voltage across all branches of a parallel circuit is the same.

d Adding more cells in a series circuit will increase the current.
e The current in a circuit can be adjusted using a variable resistor.
f The unit of resistance is ohms.
g The equation for resistance is voltage divided by current.
2 Examples of possible answers include:
b A series circuit has components that are connected to a cell without branches. The current at all
positions in a series circuit is the same. The voltage across each of the components adds up to the
voltage across the cell.
c A parallel circuit has components that are connected in branches across a cell. The current
divides in the branches, so the current through all the branches adds up to the current through
the cell. The voltage across each of the branches is the same as the voltage across the cell.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 17