21ST CENTURY REVIEWER - Husband of Donya Adella and brother-in-law of

Julia Salas.

PAZ MARQUEZ-BENITEZ CARMEN

- She authored the first Filipino modern English- - Sister of Alfredo Salazar.
language short story, Dead Stars, published in
Philippine Herald in 1925. SETTING

- She was among the first generation of Filipinos  Don Julian’s house
trained in the American education system which  Judge Del Valle’s house.
used English as the medium of instruction.  Don Julian’s house in Tanda
 Calle Luz, Sta. Cruz
- In 1919 she founded “Woman’s Home Journal”,  Lenten Season (time)
the first women’s magazine in the country.
LITERARY CRITICISM
THE DEAD STAR
 Historicism
- A short story that revolves around a man who is  Feminism
not yet ready to have commitments to his
fiancée and fell in love with another woman. TYPE OF CONFLICT
ELEMENTS OF THE STORY  Man vs. Society
 Man vs. Himself
CHARACTERS
POINT OF VIEW
ALFREDO SALAZAR
- Dead Stars was a narrative story, and it was
- A lawyer.
written in THIRD PERSON POINT OF
VIEW. The author tells the story in third person
- Fiancé of Esperanza for 4 years.
using pronouns such as they, she, he, it, etc.
- 30 years of age.
SYMBOLISM
- Son of Don Julian.
- “DEAD STARS” means memories from the
past. That people sometimes look at it for a
ESPERANZA SALAZAR
while and realize that it has already been dead.
- Fiancée of Alfredo Salazar.
THEME
- A homely, strong-willed, and impassionate
woman.
- Forbidden Love
JULIA SALAS
JOSE GARCIA VILLA
- Sister-in-law of Judge Del Valle
- Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer,
- The other woman (She did not know)
and painter.
DONYA ADELLA
- "National Artist of the Philippines" title for
literature in 1973 and "Guggenheim Fellowship
- Sister of Julia Salas.
in creative writing" by Conrad Aiken.
- Wife of Judge Del Valle.
- PEN NAME: DOVEGLION
JUDGE DEL VALLE
FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH
 - A story about a teenage father and how his life
went on.

ELEMENTS OF THE STORY SOUND

CHARACTERS - Is the result of a combination of elements.

DODONG STRUCTURE

- The teenage father. - Refers to the arrangement of words and lines to

fit together and the organization of the parts to
TEANG form a whole.

- Dodong’s wife. FIGURES OF SPEECH

- It is used by writers to produce images in

DODONG’S FATHER’ readers' minds and to express ideas in fresh,
vivid, and imaginative ways.
- Name was not stated.
SIMILE
LUCIO
- Consists of comparing two things using the
- A former suitor of Teang, he was 9 years older words like or as.
than Dodong.
EXAMPLE
BLAS
“You’re like the sun.”
- Dodong’s eldest son
METAPHOR
TONA
- Uses a direct comparison of two unlike things
- Girlfriend of Blas or ideas.

SETTING EXAMPLE

In a rural area where they work as farmers. “You light up my life.”

WHAT IS POETRY? PERSONIFICATION

POETRY - Gives human traits to inanimate objects or

ideas.
- Is a form of literature that evokes a
concentrated imaginative awareness of EXAMPLE
experience or a specific emotional response
through language chosen and arranged for its “The sun smiled.”
meaning, sound, and rhythm. It is derived from
the Greek word “poesis” meaning “making or
creating.” APOSTROPHE

ELEMENTS OF POETRY - A direct address to someone absent, dead, or

inanimate.
SENSE
EXAMPLE
- Is revealed through the meaning of words,
images, and symbols. “Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you
are.” – Jane Taylor
HYPERBOLE EXAMPLE

- Makes use of exaggeration. “His tender heir might bear his memory.”

EXAMPLE ONOMATOPOEIA

“It’s been ages since I last saw you.”
IRONY
- Says the opposite of what is meant.
EXAMPLE
A marriage counselor files for divorce.
ALLUSION
- Refers to any literary, biblical, historical,
mythological, scientific event, character, or
place.
- Refers to a word that phonetically mimics or
resembles the sound of the thing it describes.
EXAMPLE
The car horn beeped loudly.
EUPHEMISM
- Refers to polite, indirect expressions that
replace words and phrases considered harsh and
impolite, or which suggest something
unpleasant.
EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE “Kick the bucket”

“Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” DYSPHEMISM

PARADOX - Originated from the Greek word “dys,” which

means “miss,” or “none,” and “pheme,” which
- Uses a phrase or statement that on the surface means “reputation,” or “speech.”
seems contradictor but makes some kind of
emotional sense. EXAMPLE

“He is an insufferable puffin.”

EXAMPLE

“My weakness is my strength.”

OXYMORON

- puts together in one statement two contradictory

terms.

EXAMPLE

Deafening silence.

ALLITERATION

- The repetition of an initial consonant sound

ASSONANCE

- Identity or similarity in sound between internal

vowels in neighboring words.