Avogadro’s number 6.

022×10^23
Avogadro number is the number of particles that are contained in one mole, which is exactly
6.022×10^23

Avogadro's hypothesis is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of
gas present. The law is a specific case of the ideal gas law. Avogadro's law states that "equal volumes of all
gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules. For a given mass of an
ideal gas, the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional if the temperature and pressure
are constant.
Mathematics:
The law can be written as:
V∝n

V/n = k
Where V is the volume of the gas; n is the amount of substance of the gas (measured in moles); k is a constant
for a given temperature and pressure.
This law describes how, under the same condition of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases
contain the same number of molecules. For comparing the same substance under two different sets of
conditions, the law can be usefully expressed as follows:
V1/n1 =V2/n2
The equation shows that, as the number of moles of gas increases, the volume of the gas also increases in
proportion. Similarly, if the number of moles of gas is decreased, then the volume also decreases. Thus, the
number of molecules or atoms in a specific volume of an ideal gas is independent of their size or the molar
mass of the gas.
Derivation from the ideal gas law
The derivation of Avogadro's law follows directly from the ideal gas law

PV = n RT
where R is the gas constant, T is the Kelvin temperature, and P is the pressure (in pascals).
Solving for V/n, we get, V/n = RT/P
RT/P = Constant, for a fixed pressure and a fixed temperature.
V/n = RT/P = [.314 J/mole- k x 273.15 k] / 101.321 kPa = 22.41 liters/mole

For 101.325 kPa and 273.15 K, the molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.41 liters

Part 2
Avogadro’s number NA = 6.02 × 10^23 mol−1
The Avogadro number (NA] is the proportionality factor that relates the number of constituent particles
(usually molecules, atoms or ions) in a sample with the amount of substance in that sample. Its SI unit is the
reciprocal mole, and it is defined as NA = 6.02×10^23 mol−1.
Accurate determinations of Avogadro’s number became possible for the first time when American physicist
Robert Millikan measured the charge on an electron. The charge on a mole of electrons had been known for
some time and is the constant called the Faraday. The best estimate of the value of a Faraday, according to
the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is 96,485.3383 coulombs per mole of electrons. The
best estimate of the charge on an electron based on modern experiments is 1.60217653 x 10^-19 coulombs
per electron. If you divide the charge on a mole of electrons by the charge on a single electron you obtain a
value of Avogadro’s number of 6.02 x 10^23 particles per mole.
Avogadro number = 96,485.3383/1.60217662 × 10-19
Avogadro number = 6.02 x 10^23

Another approach to determining Avogadro’s number starts with careful measurements of the density of an
ultrapure sample of a material on the macroscopic scale. The density of this material on the atomic scale is
then measured by using x-ray diffraction techniques to determine the number of atoms per unit cell in the
crystal and the distance between the equivalent points that define the unit cell.
[see Physical Review Letters, 1974, 33, 464].journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.463