Data Types

Dr. Ibrahim Atoum 1-1

 Data Types
Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored
in the variable.

int num=5: This statement is used to declare and initialize variable.

Assign 5 to num.
Data type: int
Variable name: num
Value : 5
Assignment : =

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 Data Types

Computer systems typically have many gigabytes of memory,

and each byte of memory has a unique address.

We can think of main memory or RAM as a large array of

bytes and the addresses as the indexes of each array element or
byte within the array.

Most variables stored in the array (i.e., in main memory) are

larger than one byte, so the address of each variable is the
index of the first byte of that variable.

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 Data Types
Main memory, often called RAM, can be visualized as
a contiguous array of bytes.
An address is equivalent to an index into the memory array.

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 Data Types
Most data types span multiple bytes of memory.
Illustrated here are a sequence of 4-byte variables; depending on the compiler and
the underlying hardware, these might be ints, longs, or floats.
The address of multi-byte variables is the address or array index of the first byte.

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 Data Types
As an analogy for variables in memory, home addressing can be used.
Every house has a unique street address that people can use to find and to
distinguish it from the others on the same street.
In much the same way, variables have addresses in main memory.
Memory addresses are a property of the hardware and cannot change, but the data
stored in memory - stored in a variable - can change or vary over time.
Each variable has a unique address
that gets larger as you move along the
street or through memory.

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 Data Types
• There are two types of data types in Java:
Primitive data types: a data structure that allows you to store only single data type values.
Non-primitive data types: a data structure that allows you to store multiple data type values.

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 Primitive Data Types
A primitive data type is either a data type that is
built into a programming language, or one that
could be characterized as a basic structure for
building more sophisticated data types.
There are 8 primitive data types in Java.
There are 4 primitive data types in Python.

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 Non-Primitive Data Types
There are five types of non-primitive data types in Java:
Class, Object, String, Array and Interface.

There are 4 non-primitive data types in Python: lists, tuples,

dictionaries, and sets

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 Boolean vs Numeric

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 Data Type Default Size (in bits and bytes

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 Data Type (Range Values)

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 Default Value and Size

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 Default Value and Size

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Char Data Type

• Default value: '\u0000‘.

• Size : 2 Bytes.

• Why is the size of char is 2 byte in java..?

In other languages like C/C++ uses only ASCII characters and
to represent all ASCII characters 8-bits is enough.
• Java uses the Unicode system not the ASCII code system and
to represent Unicode system 8 bit is not enough to represent all
characters so java uses 2 bytes for characters.
• Unicode defines a fully international character set that can
represent most of the world’s written languages. It is a
unification of dozens of character sets, such as Latin,
Greeks, Cyrillic, Katakana, Arabic, and many more.
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 ASCII

• ASCII, abbreviation of American Standard Code For

Information Interchange.

• It is a standard data-transmission code that is used by smaller

and less-powerful computers to represent both textual data
(letters, numbers, and punctuation marks) and noninput-device
commands (control characters).

• Coding systems converts information into standardized digital

formats that allow computers to communicate with each other
and to efficiently process and store data.

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 ASCII

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 ASCII

• ASCII was originally developed for basic computers

and printers. It uses a 7-bit code to represent
characters.
• As more computers began to work with 8-bit groups of
data, ASCII was written as 8 bits.
• The most significant bit was sometimes used as
a parity bit to perform a parity check (a form of error
checking). Other computers set the most significant bit
to 0.

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 ASCII

• It was introduced in 1981 by the International Business

Machines Corporation (IBM) for use with its first model
of personal computer.
• This extended ASCII code soon became the industry-wide
standard for personal computers.
• In it, 32 code combinations are used for machine and control
commands, such as carriage return. The next group of 32
combinations is used for numbers and various punctuation
symbols.
• Another group of 32 combinations is used for uppercase letters
and a few other punctuation marks, and the last 32 are used for
lowercase letters.

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 ASCII

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 Parity bit
The sender's role is to add the parity bit. ASCII characters are
represented using a 7-bit binary string.
A parity bit is added to the beginning of the binary string (i.e. at
the most significant bit, or MSB).
Since it's even parity, the number of 1's in the 8-bit binary
string must be even.
For example, if the sender wanted to transmit the ASCII code for
the letter 'A' (ASCII code 65), which is represented in binary as
1000001, a 0 would be added as the parity bit at the MSB.
Therefore, 01000001 would be transmitted.
Similarly, for ASCII code 'C', which is represented in binary by
1000011, a 1 would need to be added to make the number of 1's
even. In this case, 11000011 would be transmitted.
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 Parity bit

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 Unicode System

• Unicode uses 16 bits to represent the most commonly used

characters in a number of languages. This Basic Multilingual
Plane allows for 65,536 characters.

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 Unicode Table

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