Soft Computing

Dr. Lekshmi R. R.
Asst. Prof.
Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering
Coimbatore1
Crisp & Fuzzy Relations
Crisp Relation
 Classical Relations –Set theoretic
• r tuple
– Ordered sequence of r elements of form (a1, a2,….ar)
• Cartesian Product of A1, A2,…Ar
– Classical sets A1, A2, ….Ar, set of all r tuples (a1, a2,
….ar) where a1ЄA1, a2ЄA2,….arЄAr
– Denoted by A1×A2×..Ar

𝑋×𝑌 = 𝑥, 𝑦 |𝑥 ∈ 𝑋, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌
 Cartesian Product-Set theoretic
• A = 0, 1 ; B = a, b, c

• A×B= 0, a , 0, b , 0, c , 1, a , 1, b , 1, c

• B×A= a, 0 , b, 0 , c, 0 , a, 1 , b, 1 , c, 1

• A×A= 0, 0 , 0, 1 , 1, 0 , 1, 1
 Cartesian Product- Function theoretic
1 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑋 × 𝑌
χ𝑋×𝑌 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ቊ
0 𝑖𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ∉ 𝑋 × 𝑌
A = 1, 2, 3 ; B = a, b, c
A×B= 1, a , 1, b , 1, c , 2, a , 2, b , 2, c , 3 a , 3, b , 3, c
Representation of strength of relation
Matrix 2, b Sagittal Diagram
a b c X Y
1 1 1 1 1 a
R= 2 1 1 1
3 1 1 1 2 b

3 c
 Problem
Represent relation in Matrix form

X = 1, 2 Y = a, b R= 1, a , 2, b

a b
1 1 0
R=
2 0 1
 Problem
Represent relation in Matrix form
X = 1, 2 Y = 1, 2, 3, 4 Y ≥ 2X

X×𝑌 = 1, 1 , 1, 2 , 1,3 , 1,4 , 2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , (2,4)

X×𝑌 = 1, 2 , 1,3 , 1,4 , (2,4) Y

X
1
1 2 3 4 1
1 0 1 1 1 2
R= 2
2 0 0 0 1
3

4
 Operations on Crisp Relation
Union
R ∪ S → χR∪S x, y = max χR x, y , χS (x, y
Intersection
R ∩ S → χR∩S x, y = min χR x, y , χS (x, y
Complement
ഥ → χRഥ x, y = 1 − χR x, y ,
R
 Properties of Crisp Relation
• All properties of crisp set
 Composition
• R: Relation that maps elements from universe
X to universe Y
• S: Relation that maps elements from universe
Y to universe Z
– T: Relation that maps elements from
universe X to universe Z
T = RοS
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑅= 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑥1 , 𝑦3 , 𝑥2 , 𝑦4 𝑆= 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑧2

𝑦1 𝑦1

𝑥1 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑧1

𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑦3 𝑧2

𝑦4 𝑦4
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑅= 𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑥1 , 𝑦3 , 𝑥2 , 𝑦4 𝑆= 𝑦1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑧2
T = RοS
𝑦1 𝑦1

𝑥1 𝑦2 𝑦2 𝑧1

𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑦3 𝑧2

𝑦4 𝑦4
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2
T = RοS
𝑦1

𝑥1 𝑦2 𝑧1

𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑧2

𝑦4 Max-Min composition
χT x, z = ሧ χR (x, y)⋀χS (y, z)
y∈Y
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2
T = RοS
𝑦1

𝑥1 𝑦2 𝑧1

𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑧2

𝑦4 Max-Product composition
χT x, z = ሧ χR x, y . χS (x, y)
y∈Y
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2
T = RοS
𝑦1
𝑧1 𝑧2
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1
𝑥1 1 0 1 0 0 1
𝑥1 𝑦2 R= 𝑥2 𝑦2 0 0
𝑧1 0 0 0 1 S= 𝑦3 0 1
𝑦4 0 0
𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑧2 𝑧1 𝑧2
𝑥 1 0 1
T=
𝑦4 𝑥2 0 0
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑧1 𝑧2 T = RοS
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1
𝑥1 1 0 1 0 0 1
R= 𝑥2 𝑦2 0 0 Max-Min composition
0 0 0 1 S= 𝑦
3 0 1
𝑦4 0 0
x1-z1
(x1-y1& y1-z1) or (x1-y2 & y2-z1) or (x1-y3 & y3-z1)or (x1-y4 & y4-z1)

min max
Min((x1-y1), (y1-z1)) or Min((x1-y2), (y2-z1)) or

Min((x1-y3), (y3-z1)) or Min((x1-y4), (y4-z1))

Max{Min((x1-y1), (y1-z1)), Min((x1-y2), (y2-z1)), Min((x1-y3), (y3-z1)), Min((x1-y4), (y4-z1))

 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑧1 𝑧2 T = RοS
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1
𝑥1 1 0 1 0 0 1
R= 𝑥2 𝑦2 0 0 Max-Min composition
0 0 0 1 S= 𝑦
3 0 1
𝑦4 0 0
x1-z1
Max{Min((x1-y1), (y1-z1)), Min((x1-y2), (y2-z1)), Min((x1-y3), (y3-z1)), Min((x1-y4), (y4-z1))}

Max{Min(1, 0), Min(0, 0), Min(1, 0), Min(0, 0) }

Max{0, 0, 0, 0} =0
𝑧1 𝑧2
𝑥1 0 _
T= 𝑥
2 _ _
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑧1 𝑧2 T = RοS
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1
𝑥1 1 0 1 0 0 1
R= 𝑥2 𝑦2 0 0 Max-Product composition
0 0 0 1 S= 𝑦
3 0 1
𝑦4 0 0
x1-z1
(x1-y1. y1-z1) or (x1-y2 . y2-z1) or (x1-y3 . y3-z1)or (x1-y4 . y4-z1)

product max
Prod((x1-y1), (y1-z1)) or Prod((x1-y2), (y2-z1)) or

Prod((x1-y3), (y3-z1)) or Prod((x1-y4), (y4-z1))

Max{Pro((x1-y1), (y1-z1)), Pro((x1-y2), (y2-z1)), Pro((x1-y3), (y3-z1)), Pro((x1-y4), (y4-z1))}

 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 , 𝑦4 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2

𝑧1 𝑧2 T = RοS
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦4 𝑦1
𝑥1 1 0 1 0 0 1
R= 𝑥2 𝑦2 0 0 Max-Product composition
0 0 0 1 S= 𝑦
3 0 1
𝑦4 0 0
x1-z1
Max{Pro((x1-y1), (y1-z1)), Pro((x1-y2), (y2-z1)), Pro((x1-y3), (y3-z1)), Pro((x1-y4), (y4-z1)) }

Max{Pro(1, 0), Pro(0, 0), Pro(1, 0), Pro(0, 0) }

Max{0, 0, 0, 0} =0
𝑧1 𝑧2
𝑥1 0 _
T= 𝑥
2 _ _
Fuzzy Relation
 Fuzzy Relations –Set theoretic
෪1, A
• Cartesian Product of A ෪2,…A
෩𝑟

෪1, A
– Classical sets A ෪2,…A෩ 𝑟, set of all r tuples (a1, a2,
….ar) where a1ЄA ෪1, a2ЄA
෪2,….arЄA ෪r

෪1 × A
– Denoted by A ෪2 ×…A
෩𝑟

෩×Y
X ෩= ෩, 𝑦 ∈ Y
𝑥, 𝑦 |𝑥 ∈ X ෩
 Cartesian Product-Set theoretic
• 𝐴ሚ = 1, 2 ; 𝐵෨ = a, b, c

• 𝐴ሚ × 𝐵෨ = 1, a , 1, b , 1, c , 2, a , 2, b , 2, c
 Cartesian Product- Function theoretic
min 𝜇𝑋෨ , 𝜇𝑌෨ 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑋 × 𝑌
𝜇X෩ ×Y
෪ (𝑥, 𝑦) = ቊ
0 𝑖𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ∉ 𝑋 × 𝑌

𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2

0.2 0.5 1 0.3 0.9

𝐴ሚ = + + 𝐵෨ = +
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑦1 𝑦2
𝑦1 𝑦2
𝑥1 0.2 0.2
𝑅෨ = 𝐴ሚ × 𝐵෨ = 𝑥2 0.3 0.5
𝑥3 0.3 0.9
 Cartesian Product- Function theoretic
Sagittal Diagram

Sagittal Diagram
Matrix X 0.6 Y
a b c
1 1 a
1 0.6 1 1
R = 2 0 0.8 0.5 0.81

3 1 0 0.1 0.5
2 b
1
0.1

3 c
 Composition
• R෩: Relation that maps elements from universe
෩ to universe Y
X ෩
• S෨ : Relation that maps elements from universe
Y to universe Z෨
–T ෩: Relation that maps elements from
෩ to universe Z෨
universe X
෩=R
T ෩οS෨
 Composition
Max-Min composition

μT෩ x, z = ሧ μR෩ (x, y)⋀μS෨ (x, y)

y∈Y

Max-Product composition

μT෩ x, z = ሧ μR෩ x, y . μS෨ (x, y)

y∈Y
 Composition
𝑋 = 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 𝑌 = 𝑦1 , 𝑦2 𝑍 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3
T = RοS

𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑧3
𝑥1 0.7 0.5 𝑦1 0.9 0.6 0.25
𝑅෨ =𝑥2 𝑆ሚ =
0.8 0.4 𝑦2 0.1 0.7 0.5
Thank you