PART OF THE HEIGHT OF LIP ALLOPHONIC SPELLING PHONOTACTIC

VOWEL TONGUE THE TONGUE POSITION LENGTH TENSION VARIATION CONSTRAINTS

INVOLVED

/i:/ front close spread relatively tense [iː] “i” not before /ŋ/
long “ee”
[iˑ]
“ea”
[ĩː] “ie”
[ɪi] “ei”
[i.ə] “eg”

/ɪ/ a part of the close-mid loosely short lax /i/ in final “i” In final position,
tongue nearer spread position “e” it tends to be /i/.
to the centre “y”
than to the [ɪə] [ë̞ ] (CGB) “a”
front “ie”
“ay”

/e/ front between loosely short lax [ɛ] [eə] “e” not final open
close-mid and spread [ɛ̝] [e̞] “ea” syllables
open mid “a”

/a/ front open slightly short lax [æ] [a] “a” Never occurs in
(old spread the final open
/æ/) syllable

/ɑː/ Centre Fully open Neutrally Relatively lax [ɑː] “ar” not before /ŋ/
open long “ear” but RAP
[ɑˑ]
“er”
[ɑ̈ː] “a” - bath set
“al”
 “au”

/ʌ/ centre Relatively neutrally Short Lax [ɐ] “u” not final open
open open “o” syllables
[ʌ̞̈]
“ou”
“oo”
“oe”

/ɒ/ back close-mid slightly short lax [ɔ̞] GB “o” does not occur
rounded [ɒ] CGB (MRP) “a” in a final open
“ou” syllable
“ow”
“au”
/w/ + ar

/ɔː/ back mid rounded relatively tense [ɔə] oar not before /ŋ/
long /w/ + ar
[ɔ̝ː]
our
[o̞ː] /ɔə/ and /ʊə/
au(gh)
aw were
oa transformed
ure into /ɔː/

/ʊ/ closer to close-mid unrounded short lax [u] “oo”

center than slightly “u” none
[ɤ̈]
back rounded “o”
[ɨ̞ ]
[ʉ̞]
 /uː/ back relatively relatively tense “oo” not before /ŋ/
close rounded long “u”
[ʊu] “o”
[ʉu] “oe”
[üː] “ue”
[uˑ] “ui”
“ew”
“ou”

central mid neutral short lax [page 138 Not in stressed

/ə/ [ə̞] Gibson’s
syllables except
[ə] Pronounciation]
for “because”
[ɐ] (CGB) and stressed
weak forms and
strong forms.
[Finch and
Ortiz-lira]

/3ː/ central mid neutral relatively tense; not really [ɜˑ] Shirt “ir” “er” “ur” not followed by
long tense, but “our” “yr” /ŋ/
[ɜː] Bird
tenser than “w+or”
schwa [ɑ̞̈ː] (CGB) “ear”

All those labelled as “relatively long” suffer from the clipping effect.