ST.

JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Physically Detached Yet Academically

Week 1
Lesson Title
Principles of Learner- Centered Teaching
• Explain the cognitive, metacognitive,
motivational, and affective factors of teaching
Learning Outcome(s) and learning.
• Cite classroom situations that manifest
applications of the principles.
• Summarize learning using graphic organizers.

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

1. Cognitive – connected with thinking or conscious mental processes

2. Metacognitive – of or relating to metacognition which means knowledge
and understanding of one’s thinking
3. Affective- Relating to or arising from, or influencing feelings or emotions

The understanding of the teaching and learning process can be explained best
through Psychology. Because of the role of Psychology, teachers are now
confident and competent to teach because they have now deeply
understood the nature of the diversity of learners. More appropriate
strategies are being applied to their learners because of the application of
knowledge obtained from psychology.

14 Learner – Centered Psychological Principles Category (APA, 1997)

1. Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

2. Motivational and Affective Factors
3. Developmental and Social Factors
4. Individual Difference Factors

Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors

Cognitive factor refers to the mental processes the learners undergo as they
process an information. On the other hand, the way learners think about
their thinking is the metacognitive factor.

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Physically Detached Yet Academically

1. Learning of complicated subject matter is most effective when it is an

intentional process of constructing meaning from information and
experience.
An intentional learning environment is one that fosters activity and
feedback and creates a culture that promotes metacognition, that is, one
in which the learner becomes aware of his or her learning process and
can use tools to enhance this learning process (Bereiter & Scramdamalia,
1989). Teachers play a very significant role in leading their learners to
become self- regulated learners. When the teachers plan out well the
activities and concepts are related it to real life situations, learning
becomes intentional.

2. The successful learner, overtime and with support and instructional

guidance can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge.

Teachers should help students in determining their learning goals. When

students are goal- directed, they will show willingness to achieve them.
Meaningful learning takes place when what is presented in the classroom
are related to their interest.

3. The successful learner can link new information with existing

knowledge in meaningful ways
No students go to class with empty heads. Teachers should activate
prior knowledge and link it to new concepts. The heart of constructivism
dictates that new knowledge is created from the previous one. Hence,
teachers should encourage students to share ideas, experience and
observations in varied strategies.

4. The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking

and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goal
Thinking strategically means to solve problems, address issues and
concerns and make sound decisions. Strategic thinkers never easily give
up and are challenged to think of something better. They always think
of solutions and create solutions to prevailing problems. Teachers have
to give as many learning opportunities to their students like problem
solving, experiments, cases and more.

5. Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations

facilitate creative and critical thinking
This means that teachers should let their students analyze, evaluate,
and create as indicated in the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of
Bloom’s Taxonomy. These can only be developed when students are
given the opportunities to process varied events and situations.
Assessment tools in schools should be authentic

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Physically Detached Yet Academically

6. Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including

culture, technology and instructional practices.
The classroom is not the only place for learning. Classroom learning
may only become meaningful when they are experienced in their
everyday life. Technology and other digital tools must be carefully chosen
to facilitate a motivating and encouraging learning environment.

Motivational and Affective Factors

How the learners push themselves to learn and how they value
their learning are the concerns of the motivational factors. Affective
factors relate to attitude and feelings learners put into the learning task.

1. What and how much are learned are influenced by the learner’s
motivation

The emotional state of the learner greatly affects his/ her

motivation to learn. Motivation pertains to the inner drive to accomplish
something. Student engagement can be highly attributed as to how
teachers motivate their learners to learn.

When motivation is applied in lesson planning, it sets the positive

mindset of the students. If student motivation is high, challenging and
technical topics will not hinder students from engagement.

Motivation can be shown how parents and teachers praise students’

simple achievements. This will eradicate learners’ anxiety and will gain
them positive emotions

2. The learner’s creativity, higher – order thinking, and

natural curiosity all contribute to the motivation to learn.

The two kinds of motivation are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

When a student engages in an activity or task that is personally gratifying
it is intrinsic. When external rewards or to avoid punishment is the cause
of action, it is external motivation. Teachers should teach the value of
education in a student’s life more than grades. When students are
motivated, it stimulates their HOTS.

3. Acquisition of sophisticated knowledge and skills requires

extensive learner’s effort and guided practice.

The teacher should facilitate learning that will develop the student’s
commitment and enthusiasm to a task given. Through giving praise of an

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Physically Detached Yet Academically

excellent work, students will become motivated. Positive emotions

established in the classroom will make learning interesting.

SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the

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• Retrieved from: Doering, A., & Velestianos, G. (2009) Teaching

Instructional Software M.D.