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Senior General Physics 1 Q1 Module 3

science (Quezon National High School)

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General Physics 1 – Grade 12

Redeveloped Division Initiated - Self-Learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Kinematics: Motion in 2-Dimensions and 3-
Dimensions
Second Edition, 2021

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
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If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
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Thank you.

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Gen Physics Kinematics: Motion in 2-

1 Dimensions and 3-
First Quarter Dimensions
Week 3
Most Essential Learning Competencies

Objectives:
1. describe motion using the concept of relative velocities in 1D and 2D;
2. deduce the consequences of the independence of vertical and horizontal
components of projectile motion;
3. calculate range, time of flight, and maximum heights of projectiles;
4. infer quantities associated with circular motion such as tangential velocity,
centripetal acceleration, tangential acceleration, radius of curvature; and
5. solve problems involving two-dimensional motion in context such as, but not
limited to ledge jumping, movie stunts, basketball, safe locations during
firework displays and Ferris wheel.

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. The following statements are true about projectile motion EXCEPT

a. The range of the projectile is maximum at 450.
b. At the highest point of a projectile, the acceleration is zero.
c. The horizontal motion of a projectile is a motion with constant velocity.
d. The vertical motion of a projectile is a motion with constant acceleration.

2. What do we call the path followed by a projectile?

a. Range b. Trajectory c. Frequency d. Period

3. Which of the following angles will give a projectile the maximum horizontal
distance if we neglect air resistance?
a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a projectile?

a. A batted baseball
b. A bullet shot from a rifle
c. A ball vertically thrown upward
d. A package dropped from an airplane
5. What do we call a body that is given an initial speed and then follows a path
determined entirely by the effects of gravitational acceleration?
a. Free fall c. Torque
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b. Projectile d. Vector

6. Using arad = , what is the correct equation for T?

a. T = 2π c. T = 4π

b. T = 4π d. T = π

For numbers 7 – 10, use the figure below:

7. What is the value of the vertical component of velocity at the highest point of the
projectile?
a. 10.0 m/s c. 1 m/s
b. 0 m/s d. 4.9 m/s

8. What is the initial horizontal component of velocity (v 0x) of the projectile?

a. 17.32 m/s c. 9.8 m/s
b. 10 m/s d. 20 m/s

9. What is the initial vertical component of velocity (v 0y) of the projectile?

a. 10 m/s c. 9.8 m/s
b. 17.32 m/s d. 20 m/s

10. What is the time when the projectile reaches the highest point?
a. 1.02 s c. 2.0 s
b. 2.04 s d. 0.98 s

11. The horizontal distance of the projectile is also known as

a. trajectory c. time of flight
b. range d. displacement

12. Which of the following statements is TRUE about uniform circular motion?
a. The acceleration in uniform circular motion is always directed toward the
center of the circle.
b. The magnitude of arad of the instantaneous acceleration is equal to the speed
divided by the radius of the circle.
c. The particle in uniform circular motion moves with different speeds.
d. The magnitude of the velocity is directly proportional to the period.

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13. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about relative velocity?

a. When two observers measure the velocity of a moving body, they get
different results if one observer is moving relative to the other.
b. When two observers measure the velocity of a moving body, they get the
same results if one observer is moving relative to the other.
c. If A and B are frames of reference or any two points, vA/B-x = - vB/A-x
d. Relative velocity is the velocity seen by a particular observer.

14. Which of the following is TRUE about the tangential component of acceleration
in a nonuniform circular motion?
I. The tangential component is in the same direction as the velocity if the
particle is speeding up
II. The tangential component is in the same direction if a particle is slowing
down
III. The tangential component is zero if the speed is constant.
IV. The tangential component is in the opposite direction if the particle is
slowing down.

a. I, II, III b. I, II c. I, III, III d. I, III, IV

15. A “moving sidewalk” in an airport terminal building moves at 1.0 m/s and
35.0mlong. if a woman steps on at one end and walks at 1.5 m/s relative to the
moving sidewalk, how much time does she require to reach the opposite end if
she walks in the same direction the sidewalk is moving?
a. 14 s b. 2.5 s c. 10 s d. 5 s

What is It

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What determines where a batted baseball land? How do you describe the
motion of a roller coaster car along a curved track or the flight of a circling hawk?
Which hits the ground first, a baseball that you simply drop or one that you throw
horizontally?
We cannot answer these kinds of questions using techniques in straight-line
motion. Instead, we need to extend our descriptions of motion to two- and three-
dimensional situations. We will still use the vector quantities, displacement,
velocity, and acceleration, but now these quantities will no longer lie along a single
line. We will find that several important kinds of motion take place in two
dimensions only - that is, in a plane.

Projectile Motion
Projectile is anybody that is given an initial velocity and then follows a path
determined entirely by the effects of gravitational acceleration. A batted baseball, a
thrown basketball, a thrown football, a package dropped from an airplane, and a
bullet shot from a rifle are all projectiles. The path followed by a projectile is called
its trajectory.
Projectile motion is always confined to a vertical plane determined by the
direction of the initial velocity. This is because the acceleration due to gravity is
purely vertical; gravity can’t accelerate the projectile sideways. Thus, projectile
motion is two-dimensional. We will call the plane of motion the xy-coordinate plane,
with the x-axis horizontal and y-axis vertically upward. Projectile motion is a
combination of its horizontal motion and vertical motion. Horizontal motion is a
motion with constant velocity (acceleration is zero), and vertical motion with
constant acceleration (acceleration is equal to 9.8 m/s2).
Let v0 be the initial velocity of a projectile and Ɵ0 (α0 in the figure) be the
angle above the horizontal, we can now derive the equations of the projectile
shown in figure below.

Source: Openstax Physics, page 165.

The key to analyzing projectile motion is that we can treat the x- and y-
coordinates separately. The x-component of acceleration is zero, and the y-
component is constant and equal to -g. The components of are ax = 0 and ay = -g.
The components of v0 is given by: v0x = v0cosƟ0 and v0y = v0sinƟ0

HORIZONTAL MOTION
There are only two equations of projectile in the horizontal, and these are:
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1. v0x = v1x
or
v0cosƟ0 = v1cosƟ or just v0 = v1, since Ɵ0 = Ɵ

2. x = v0xt or x = v1xt
or
x = v0 (cosƟ0)t
where v0x - initial velocity component of the projectile along x
v1x – final velocity component of the projectile along x
t – time of flight of the projectile
x – the horizontal distance of the projectile
v0 - initial speed
α0 – angle between v0 and the horizontal
The horizontal distance of the projectile is also known as the Range.

VERTICAL MOTION
There are four equations of projectile in the vertical, and these are:
1. v1y = v0y – gt
or
v1cos Ɵ0 = v0cos Ɵ0 - gt
2. y =
or
y=
3. y = v0yt –
or
y = v0cos Ɵ0 t –
4. v1y2 = v0y2 – 2gy
or
(v1cos Ɵ0)2 = (v0cos Ɵ0)2 – 2gy

Where v0y – initial velocity component of the projectile along y

v1y – final velocity component of the projectile along y
g – acceleration due to gravity on Earth (9.8 m/s 2)
t – time of flight of the projectile
y – vertical distance of the projectile
v0 – initial speed
v1 – final speed
Ɵ0 – angle between v0 and the horizontal

At any time, the distance r of the projectile from the origin (the magnitude of the
position vector r) is given by
r=
The projectile’s speed (magnitude of its velocity) at any time is
v=
The direction of the velocity, in terms of the angle Ɵ0 it makes with the positive x –
direction is given by tan Ɵ0 = .
Example 1: A batter hits a baseball so that it leaves the bat at speed of v 0 = 30.0
m/s at an angle Ɵ0 = 300. (a) Find the position of the ball and its velocity
(magnitude and direction) at t = 2.0 s. (b) Find the time when the ball reaches the

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highest point of its flight, and height h at this time. (c) Find the horizontal range R -
that is, the horizontal distance from the starting point to where the ball hits the
ground. Neglect air resistance.

Given: v0 = 30.0m/s; Ɵ0 = 300

Solution:
We’ll ignore air resistance and use the projectile motion equations to describe the
motion. The ball leaves the bat at t = 0s a meter or so above the ground level, but
we’ll neglect this distance and assume that it starts at ground level (y 0 = 0).

(a) Our target variables are x, y, vx, and vy at t = 2.0 s. The initial velocity of the
ball has components
v0x = v0 cosƟ0 = (30.0 m/s) cos300 = 25.98 m/s
v0y = v0 sinƟ0 = (30.0 m/s) sin300 = 15.0 m/s

From equations above, we can now solve x, y, v x, & vy

x = v0xt = (25.98 m/s)(2.0s) = 51.96 m
y = v0yt - = (15.0 m/s)(2.0s) – = 30 m – 19.6 m = 10.4 m
vx = v0x = 25.98 m/s
vy = v0y – gt = 15.0 m/s – (9.8m/s2)(2.0s) = 15.0 m/s – 19.6 m/s = – 4.6 m/s

The y-component of velocity is negative at t = 2.0 s, so the ball is moving

downward already. The magnitude and direction of the velocity are
v= = =
= = 26.38 m/s
Ɵ = arctan () = arctan ()= - 10.04˚, the direction of the velocity is 10.04 0
below the horizontal.
(b) Our target variables are t 1 (time at the highest point) and h (height of the
baseball at the highest point). At the highest point, the vertical velocity v y is
zero. Let this time when this happens as t 1; then
v1y = v0y – gt1 = 0
t1 = = = 1.53 s; t1 = 1.53 s
The height h at the highest point is the value of y at time t 1 (replace y by h):
h = v0yt1 – = (15.0 m/s) (1.53s) – (9.8m/s2) (1.53 s)2 = 22.95 m – 11.47041 m
= 11.47959 m
(c) 1st Solution:
Our target variable is R or x, which is given by the equation x = v 0xt. Our t is the
time from the initial point to the final point (that is total time of flight of flight),
represent this total time of flight by T, we have

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T = 2t = 2(1.53 s) = 3.06 s; t here is the time to reach the highest point (from
b).
Substitute this to x = v0xt
x = (25.98 m/s) (3.06 s) = 79.4988 m
2nd Solution:
Use equation y = v0yt – to solve for t (this t is the total time of flight - from
the initial point to the final point), we know that y = 0, since we know that
the baseball is in the ground level.
y = v0yt –
0 = (15 m/s) t – (9.8m/s2) t2
Rearranging the equation, we have
(4.9 m/s2) t2 – (15 m/s) t – 0 = 0
This is a quadratic equation for t. It has two roots:
(4.9 m/s2) t2 = (15 m/s) t
=
t = 3.06 s
We can now solve for R,
R = x = v0xt = (25.98 m/s)(3.06s)
R = 79.4988 m

Example 2: A motorcycle stunt rider rides off the edge of a cliff. Just at the edge,
his velocity is horizontal, with magnitude 10.0 m/s. Find the motorcycle’s position,
distance from the edge of the cliff, and velocity 0.80 s after it leaves the edge of
the cliff.

Given:
v0x = vx = 10.0 m/s; v0y = 0; t = 0.80 s

Solution:
The motorcycle stunt rider is in projectile motion as soon as he leaves the edge of
the cliff, which we choose to be the origin. His initial velocity at the edge of the cliff
is horizontal (that is, Ɵ0 = 00). So,
v0x = v0cos Ɵ0 = 10.0 m/s and v0y = v0sin Ɵ0 = 0.
The motorcycle’s x- and y-coordinates at t = 0.80 s are
x = v0xt = (10.0 m/s) (0.80 s) = 8.0 m
y = v0yt – = 0 – (9.8 m/s2)(0.80 s)2 = – 6.272 m
The negative value of y shows that the motorcycle is below its starting point.
The motorcycle’s distance from the origin at t = 0.80 s is

r= = = =
r = 10.17 m
The velocity components at t = 0.80 s are

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vx = v0x = 10 .0 m/s
vy = v0y – gt = 0 – (9.8 m/s2)(0.80 s)
vy = – 7.84 m/s
The velocity vector at t = 0.80 s is
= = (10.0m/s) + (– 7.84 m/s)
The speed (magnitude of the velocity) at t = 0.80 s
v= = =
v=
v = 12.71 m/s
The angle α of the velocity vector is
Ɵ = arctan = arctan ( = - 38.10
The velocity is 38.10 below the horizontal.

MOTION IN A CIRCLE
When a particle moves along a curve path, the direction of its velocity at
every point on the path changes. This means that even if the particle moves with
constant speed, the acceleration is not zero because it changes direction at every
point. The particle has a component of acceleration perpendicular to the path even
if its speed is constant.

Uniform Circular Motion

When a particle moves in a circle with constant speed, the motion is called
uniform circular motion. A satellite moving in a circular orbit, a car rounding a
curve with constant radius at constant speed, an ice skater skating in a circle with
constant speed are all examples of uniform circular motion. There is no component
of acceleration parallel (tangent) to the path; otherwise, the speed would change.
The acceleration vector is perpendicular (normal) to the path and hence directed
inward (never outward!) toward the center of the circular path. This causes the
direction of the velocity to change without changing its speed.

We can find a simple expression for the

magnitude of the acceleration in uniform circular
motion. We begin with the figure on the side
which shows a particle moving with constant
speed in a circular path with radius R center at O.
The particle moves from P1 to P2 in a time Δt. The
vector changes in velocity Δv during this time
shown in (b).

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The angles labeled in (a) and (b) are the same because v 1 is perpendicular to the
line OP1 and v2 is perpendicular to the line OP2. Hence the triangles in (a) and (b)
are similar. The ratios of corresponding sides of similar triangles are equal, so

The magnitude aav of the average acceleration during Δt is therefore

The magnitude a of the instantaneous acceleration at point P1 is the limit of this

expression as we take point P2 closer and closer to point P1:

If the time interval Δt is short, Δs is the distance the particle moves along the
along its curved path. So the limit of Δs/ Δt is the speed v1 at point P1. Also, P1 can
be any point on the path, so we can drop the subscript and let v represent the
speed at any point. Then

arad =
We have added the subscript “rad” as a reminder that the direction of the
instantaneous acceleration at each point is always along a radius of a circle (toward
the center of the circle). So, we have found out that in uniform circular motion, the
magnitude arad of the instantaneous acceleration is equal to the square of the speed
v divided by the radius R of the circle. Its direction is perpendicular to v and inward
along the radius.

Because the acceleration in uniform circular motion is always directed toward the
center of the circle, it is sometimes called centripetal acceleration. The word
“centripetal” is derived from two Greek words meaning “seeking the center.”
The figure below shows the direction of the velocity and acceleration vectors
at several points for a particle moving with uniform circular motion.

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We can also express the magnitude of the acceleration in uniform circular

motion in terms of the period T of the motion, the time for one revolution (one
complete trip around the circle). In a time, T, the particle travels a distance equals
to the circumference 2πR of the circle, so its speed is
v=
When we substitute the equation v = to arad, we can obtain an alternative
expression
arad =

Example 1. An Aston Martin Vantage sports car has a “lateral acceleration” of

(0.96)g = (0.96)(9.8 m/s2) = 9.41 m/s2. This is the maximum centripetal
acceleration the car can sustain without change out of a curved path. If the car is
traveling at a constant 40 m/s on level ground, what is the radius R of the tightest
unbanked curve it can negotiate?
Given: arad = 9.41 m/s2; v = 40 m/s; R = ?
Solution: The car is in uniform circular motion because it is moving with constant
speed along a curve that is part of a circle. We can use the equation arad = to
solve for R. Solving for R, we have
R = = = 170.03 m
The minimum radius for the car to avoid skidding is 170.03 m.

Example 2. Passengers on a carnival ride move at constant speed in a horizontal

circle of radius 5.0 m, making a complete circle in 4.0 s. What is their acceleration?

Given: R = 5.0 m; T = 4.0 s; arad =?

Solution: The passengers on a carnival ride is in uniform circular motion since they
are moving with constant speed in a horizontal circle. Since it involves period T, use
equation arad = to solve for arad.
arad = = = 12. 32 m/s2

Example 3. A Ferris wheel with radius 14.0 m is turning about a horizontal axis
through its center. The linear speed of a passenger on the rim is constant and equal
to 7.0 m/s. What is the magnitude and direction of the passenger’s acceleration as
she passes through (a) the lowest point in her circular motion? (b) The highest point
in her circular motion? (c) how much time does it take the Ferris wheel to make one
revolution?

Given: R = 14.0 m; v = 7.0 m/s

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Solution: The magnitude of the velocity is constant; therefore, the passenger of

the Ferris wheel is in uniform circular motion. At each point in the motion the radial
component of the acceleration is directed toward the center of the circular path and
its magnitude is given by v2/R.
a. arad = = = 3.50 m/s2
The magnitude of the acceleration is 3.50 m/s2 and is directed upward.
b. arad = = = 3.50 m/s2
The magnitude of the acceleration is 3.50 m/s2 and is directed downward.
c. The time to make one rotation is T. Use v = and solve for T
T = = = 12.57 s

NONUNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

If the speed of a particle moving in a circle varies, we call the motion
nonuniform circular motion. In nonuniform circular motion, the radial
acceleration arad is always perpendicular to the instantaneous velocity and directed
toward the center of the circle. But since the speed v has different values at
different points in the motion, the value of a rad is not constant. The radial
(centripetal) acceleration is greatest at the point in the circle where the speed is
greatest.
In non-uniform circular motion there is also a component of acceleration that
is parallel to the instantaneous velocity and we call this component atan to
emphasize that it is tangent to the circle. The tangential component of acceleration
atan is equal to the rate of change of speed. Thus
and

The tangential component is in the same direction as the velocity if the

particle is speeding up, and in the opposite direction if the particle is slowing down.
If the particle’s speed is constant, atan = 0.

RELATIVE VELOCITY
When two observers measure the velocity of a moving body, they get
different results if one observer is moving relative to
the other. The velocity seen by a particular observer is
called the velocity relative to that observer, or simply
relative velocity.

RELATIVE VELOCITY IN ONE DIMENSION

A passenger walks with a velocity of 1.0 m/s
along the aisle of a grain that is moving with a
velocity of 3.0 m/s. What is the passenger’s velocity?
There is no single answer to this question. As seen by
a second passenger sitting in the train, she is moving
at 1.0 m/s. A person on a bicycle standing beside the
train sees the walking passenger moving at 1.0 m/s +
3.0 m/s = 4.0 m/s. An observer in another train going
in the opposite direction would give still another
answer. We have to specify which observer we mean,

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and we speak of the velocity relative to a particular observer. Each observer,

equipped in principle with meter stick and a stopwatch, forms what we call a
frame of reference. Thus, a frame of reference is a coordinate system and a time
scale.
Let’s use the symbol A for the cyclist’s frame of reference (at rest with
respect to the ground) and the symbol B for the frame of reference of the moving
train. In straight-line motion the position of a point P relative to frame A is given by
xP/A (the position of P with respect to A), and the position of P relative to frame B is
given by xP/B (figure below). The position of the origin of B with respect to the origin
of A is xB/A. Figure below shows that xP/A = xP/B + xB/A

In words, the coordinate of P relative to A equals the coordinate of P relative

to B plus the coordinate of B relative to A.
The x-velocity of P relative to frame A, is denoted by vP/A-x is the derivative of
xP/A with respect to time. The other velocities are similarly obtained. So the time
derivative gives us a relationship among the various velocities:
= + or
vP/A-x = vP/B-x + vB/A-x
Getting back to the passenger on the train, we see that A is the cyclist’s frame of
reference, B is the frame of refence of the train, and point P represents the
passenger. Using the above notation, we have
vP/B-x = + 1.0 m/s, vB/A-x = + 3.0 m/s
The passenger’s velocity vP/A relative to the cyclist is
vP/A-x = + 1.0 m/s + 3.0 m/s = 4.0 m/s.

RELATIVE VELOCITY IN TWO DIMENSIONS

Suppose that the passenger in the previous scenario is walking not down the
aisle of the railroad car but from one side of the car to the other, with a speed of
1.0 m/s (figure shown below). We can again describe the passenger’s position P in
two different frames of reference: A for the stationary ground observer and B
for the moving train. But instead of coordinate x, we use position vector because
the problem is now two-dimensional. Then as the second figure below shows,

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just as we did before, we take the time derivative of this equation to get a
relationship among the various velocities; the velocity of P relative to A is vP/A =
drP/A/dt and so on for the other velocities. We get v P/A = vP/B + vB/A. The equation vP/A
= vP/B + vB/A is known as the Galilean velocity transformation.

Example 4: You throw a ball from your window 10.0 m above the ground. When the
ball leaves your hand, it is moving at 12.0 m/s at an angle of 15 0 below the
horizontal. How far horizontally from your window will the ball hit the ground?
Ignore air resistance.

Given:
v0 = 12.0 m/s; Ɵ0 = – 15.00; y = -10.0 m
The velocity components are
v0x = v0 cosƟ0 = (12.0 m/s) cos (-150) = 11.59 m/s;
v0y = v0 sinƟ0 = (12.0 m/s) sin (-150) = – 3.11 m/s

Solution:
Our target variable is x, use equation x = v 0xt. Since t is unknown, we need to find t
first by using the equation
y = v0yt – = –10.0 m = (– 3.11 m/s) t –
Rearranging the equation will give (4.9 ) t 2 + (3.11 ) t – 10.0 m = 0
This is a quadratic equation with a = 4.9, b = 3.11, and c = -10.0. Use quadratic
formula to solve for t
t=
t= = = =
t= =
t = 1.15 s
or
t= =
t = 1.78 s

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We disregard the negative root, since it refers to the time before the ball left
your hand. The positive root tells us that the ball reaches the ground at t = 1.15 s.
The ball’s x-coordinate at that time is
x = v0xt = (v0cosƟ0) t = (12m/s) [cos (-15˚)] (1.15 s)
x = 13.33 m
The ball hits the ground a horizontal distance of 13.33 m from your window.

What I Can Do
Activity 1
Direction: Identify what type of motion are the following:
1. A batted baseball _________________________________________________________
2. A rock falling freely from the edge of a cliff _________________________________
3. A car accelerating in a highway ____________________________________________
4. A coin tossed directly upward _____________________________________________
5. A motorcycle slowing down in a level road _________________________________
6. A thrown basketball _______________________________________________________

Activity 2
1. State the four equations for straight line motion with constant acceleration.
2. State the four equations for free falling motion.

What’s More
Activity 3

A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each 3.40 m long from the central
shaft to the blade tip. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a 550 rev/min. (a)
what is the linear speed of the blade tip, in m/s? (b) What is the radial acceleration
of the blade tip expressed as a multiple of the acceleration of gravity g?

Activity 4
A railroad flatcar is traveling to the right at a speed of 13.0 m/s relative to an
observer standing on the ground. Someone is riding a motor scooter on the flat car.
What is the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the motor scooter relative to the
flatcar if its velocity relative to the observer on the ground is (a) 18.0 m/s to the
right? (b) 3.0 m/s to the left? (c) zero?

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What I Have Learned

Activity 5. Solve Me! Part 1
A book slides off a horizontal table top with a speed of 1.10 m/s. It strikes the
floor in 0.350 s. Ignore air resistance.
(a) What is the height of the tabletop above the floor?
(b) What is the horizontal distance from the edge of the table to the point where
the book strikes the floor?
(c) What is the horizontal and vertical components of the book’s velocity, and the
magnitude and direction of its velocity, just before the book reaches the floor?

Activity 6. Solve Me! Part 2

A grasshopper leaps into the air from the edge of a
vertical cliff, as shown in the figure. Use the information
from the figure to find (a) the initial speed of the
grasshopper and (b) the height of the cliff.

Activity 7. Balancing Yourself

Our balance is maintained, at least in part, by the endolymph fluid in the
inner ear. Spinning displaces this fluid, causing dizziness. Suppose a dancer is
spinning at a very fast 3.0 revolutions per second about a vertical axis through the
center of his head. Although the distance varies from person to person, the inner
ear is approximately 7.0 cm from the axis of spin. What is the radial acceleration (in
m/s2) of the endolymph fluid?

Assessment15

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Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

For numbers 1 – 2, use the problem below:

A snowball rolls off a barn roof that slopes downward at an angle of 40 0. The
edge of the roof is 14.0 m above the ground, and the snowball has a speed of 7.0
m/s as it rolls off the roof. Ignore air resistance.

1. How far from the edge of the barn does the snowball
strike the ground if it doesn’t strike anything else while
falling?
a. 0.746 m b. 1.29 m c. 6.1 m d.
6.91 m

2. A man 1.9 m tall is standing 4.0 m from the edge of

the barn. Will he be hit by the snowball?
a. Yes, the snowball hits the man.
b. No, the snowball doesn’t pass the man.
c. Yes, the snowball hits the man after 0.746 s.
d. No, the snowball passes above the man and doesn’t hit him.

For numbers 3 – 5:
A daring 510N swimmer dives off a cliff with a running horizontal leap as
shown in the figure.

3. What is the initial vertical component (v0y) of the projectile?

a. 0 m/s b. 1.75 m/s c. 1.36 m/s d.1.29 m/s

4. What is the time of fall of the swimmer?

a. 1.29 s b. 1.75 s c. 0 s d. 1.36 s

5. What must her minimum speed be just as she leaves the top of the cliff so that
she will miss the ledge at the bottom, which is 1.75 m wide and 9.0 m below the
top of the cliff?
a. 1.75 m/s b. 0 m/s c. 1.36 m/s d. 1.29 m/s

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6. The Earth has a radius of 6380 km and turns around in its axis every 24 hours.
What is the radial acceleration of an object at the earth’s equator?
a. 0.034 m/s2 c. 1.4 m/s2
-3 2
b. 3.4 x 10 m/s d. 0.34 m/s2

7. The Earth has a radius of 6380 km and turns around in its axis every 24 hours. If
arad in the equator is greater than g, objects will fly off the earth’s surface into
the space. What would the period of the earth’s rotation have to be for this to
occur?
a. 1.4 h b. 0.34 h c. 3.4 h d. 0.034 h

8. What do we call the time required for an object to make one complete
revolution?
a. Frequency c. Time of flight
b. Period d. Range

9. What is referred to as the number of revolutions completed by an object in a

given time?
a. Period c. Torque
b. Time of flight d. Frequency

10. It is a type of motion in a circle where the speed is not constant.

a. Uniform circular motion c. Relative motion
b. Non-uniform circular motion d. Rotational motion

11.A type of motion of an object in a circle at constant speed is referred to as

a. Rotational motion c. Relative motion
b. Nonuniform circular motion d. Uniform circular motion

12.What do we call a coordinate system and a time scale?

a. Velocity c. Frame of reference
b. Displacement d. Range

13.Using v = , what is the derive equation for R?

a. R = b. R = c. R = d. R =

For numbers 14 – 15:

The radius of the earth’s orbit around the sun (assumed to be circular) is
1.50 x 108 km, and the earth travels around this orbit in 365 days.

14. What is the magnitude of the orbital velocity of the earth in m/s?
a. 7.60 x 106 m/s c. 2.98 x 104 m/s
b. 5.91x 106 m/s d. 3.16 x 107 m/s

15. What is the radial acceleration of the earth toward the sun in m/s2?
a. 7.60 x 10-6 m/s2 c. 2.98 x 10-4 m/s2
-3 2
b. 5.91x 10 m/s d. 3.16 x 10-7 m/s2

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Answer Key

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What I Know
1. B 6. A 11. B
2. B 7. B 12. A
3. B 8. A 13. B
4. C 9. A 14. D
5. B 10.A 15. A

Assessment
1. D 6. A 11. D
2. A 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. B 13. B
4. D 9. D 14. C
5. D 10. B 15. B

References

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Bauer, W. and Westfall, G., 2016. University physics with modern physics. 2nd ed.
McGraw Hill Education.
Esguerra, J.P., Bacabac, R., Cordovilla, J., Roxas-Villanueva, R.M., and Magali, J.K.,
2018. General Physics 1. 1st ed. Prinpia Co., Ltd.
Silverio, A., and Ramos, J.D., 2017. General Physics 1. Phoenix Publishing House.
Urone, P.P., Hinrichs, R., Gozuacik, F., Pattison, D., and Tabor, C., 2020. Physics.
OpenStax Org

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Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor DepED Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

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