AMRITA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CE3512- SURVEY CAMP ( 2 weeks)

LAB MANUAL

NAME:

REGISTER NUMBER:

YEAR/SEM.:

ACADEMIC YEAR:

1
 SYLLABUS

CE3512 SURVEY CAMP (2 weeks) LTPC 0001

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the survey camp is to enable the students to get practical training in the field work.
Groups of not more than six members in a group will carry out each exercise in survey camp. At the end
of the camp, each student shall have mapped and contoured the area. The camp record shall include all
original field observations, calculations and plots.

Two weeks Survey Camp will be conducted during summer vacation in the following activities:

1. Traverse – using Theodolite / Total station

2. Contouring
(i). Radial tachometric contouring - Radial Line at Every 45 Degree and Length not less than
60 Meter on each Radial Line
(ii). Block Level/ By squares of size at least 100 Meter x 100 Meter atleast 20 Meter interval
(iii). L.S & C.S - Road and canal alignment for a Length of not less than 1 Kilo Meter atleast
L.S at Every 30M and C.S at every 90 M
3. Offset of Buildings and Plotting the Location
4. Sun observation to determine azimuth (guidelines to be given to the students)
5. Use of GPS to determine latitude and longitude and locate the survey camp location
6. Traversing using GPS
7. Curve setting by deflection angle

Apart from above students may be given survey exercises in other area also based on site condition to
give good exposure on survey.

COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to
CO1 Handle the modern surveying instruments like Total station and GPS
CO2 Apply modern surveying techniques in field to establish horizontal control.
CO3 Understand the surveying techniques in field to establish vertical control
CO4 Apply different survey adjustment techniques.
CO5 Carry out different setting out works in the field

2
 TRAVERSE – USING THEODOLITE / TOTAL STATION

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To conduct the closed theodolite traversing and plot the traverse by measuring included
angles.
Apparatus required:
Transit Theodolite, Tripod, Plumb Bob, Chain or Tape, cross-staff, Ranging Rods and Pegs.
Procedure:
1. Setup the theodolite over the starting point A and do all the temporary adjustments.
2. Orient the telescope along the north line with the help of the tubular compass fitted to the instrument.
Measure the magnetic bearing of AB.
3. Set the vernier A at o 0. The upper clamp is kept fixed.
4. Loosen the vernier clamp and bisect the ranging rod at E. Clamp the lower clamp and release the upper
clamp. Turn the telescope clockwise and bisect the ringing rod at B. Read both verniers. The mean of the
two verniers is the required included angle EAB.
5. Change the face of the instrument and again measure the angle EAB.
6. Similarly, measure the other angle at B, C, D and E by centering the theodolite at the same.
7. Measure the length of traverse lines AB, BC, CD, DE and EA using a tape or chain.
The arithmetical check:
Sum of the interior angles = (2n – 4 ) x 900 where ‘n’ is the number of sides.

8. Calculate the latitudes and departures of the traverse legs.

9. Plot the traverse.

Fig.1 Measurement of Horizontal Angle

3
Observations and Calculations:

Tabulation

Name of work: Date:

Instruement Sight Face: Left Swing: Right Included Angle No. of Length of Remarks
at to Vernier A Vernier Mean repetitions side 'm'
° ‘ “ ‘ “ ° ‘ “ ° ‘ “

Result:
Closed Theodolite traversing is conducted and plotted.

4
 RADIAL TACHOMETRIC CONTOURING

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To plot a contour map of the given area by using radial contouring method.
Apparatus required:
Transit theodolite, Leveling Staff, Chain or Tape, Ranging rods and pegs

Procedure:
1. A taceometer is perfectly centered over the instrument station ‘o’ and leveled properly in the usual
manner.
2. Radial lines are produced out from the instrument station ‘o’ making different angles.
3. Observe the magnetic bearing for the first line OA.
4. For the other lines measure the included angles AOB, AOC, AOD, AOE, AOF, AOG, AOH and
AOJ. AOA = θ 8 = 3600 .
5. Measure the staff reading by keeping the staff very nearer to the telescope to find the height of
instruement. Take the hnearest station as B.M. Find the R.L. of B.M by running a fly leveling from
permanent or temporary B.M. which is nearer to surveying spot.
6. Fix the pegs at intervals on each radial line. Hold the staff vertically on the pegs and take the hair
readings.
7. Note the vertical readings ( θ1, θ2, θ3, θ4 etc. ) for each radial line.
8. Now the horizontal distance between the instrument station and staff ststion can be determined from
the following method.
9. RL of A1 = RL of BM + Staff reading on the BM = Vertical component for A1 – Axial hair reading (
h ) of A1.
10. The elevation of each point is calculated by using tacheometric formula. Plot the radial tacheometric
contouring and mark the elevation of each spot (pegs) and the contours can be interpolated by any one
method.
11. Then the points of same reduced levels are joined by a smooth curve to get the contour lines.

5
Observations and Calculations:

Tabulation
Name of work: Date:
Instruement Sight Face Height Horizontal Angle Vertical Angle
at to of Inst. Vernier A Vernier B Mean Included Vernier C Vernier D Mean
Axis Angle
° ‘ “ ‘ “ ° ‘ “ ° ‘ “ ° ‘ “ ‘ “ ° ‘ “

Tabulation

Name of work: Date:

Stadia rteadings
Staff Vertical Length of
R.L of station 'm' Remarks
intercept 'S' Component 'V' side 'D'
Top Middle Bottom

Result:
The contour map of the given area is drawn by radial contouring.

6
 CONTOURING BY BLOCK LEVEL

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To do the contouring by block levels and to plot the map by interpolation.
Apparatus required:
Levelling instrument, ranging rod, peg, tape, levelling staff, cross-staff and chain,

Procedure:
1. Run fly levels from the permanent BM to the temporary BM should be near the working spot.
2. Divide the area to be contoured, into a number of squares and mark the squares of Each corner with
pegs.
3. Size of each square may vary from 5 to 20 meters.
4. Place the levelling instrument at the middle of the area and do the temporary adjustments.
5. Take a B.S. on the B.M and determine the highest of the instrument.
6. Hold the levelling staff on each corner Point of the squares.
7. Determine the R.L.of each corner point of the squares.
8. Plot the square in the sheet to a suitable scale to draw the contour lines.
9. Enter the R.L readings of each corner of the square.
10. Locate the points showing the reduced level of contour lines.
11. Make all possible R.Ls on the plotted squares.
12. Join the same (RL)elevation points by a smooth curved line which gives the required contour lines.
Observation & tabulations:-
Reduced level of the first points = ……………………

Back Inter Fore Reduced

Station Rise Fall Distance Total distance Remarks
sight sight sight level
Left Centre Right

Result:
The contour map is plotted by interpolation.

7
 L.S AND C.S FOR A ROAD / CANAL ALIGNMENT

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To conduct the survey L.S and C.S for a road/canal alignment band ploting the profile.
Apparatus required:
Levelling instrument with tripod, Levelling staff, Ranging rod, Chain (or) Tape
Procedure:
(a) Longitudinal sectioning (Profile leveling)
The object of the leveling operation is to determine the undulations of the ground surface along a pre-
determined line, which is usually the centre line of the road, railway, canal or pipe line.

Let AB be the line along which the leveling operations are to be performed.

1. Establish a bench mark near the line of section by running of flying levels from the permanent bench
mark.
2. Mark the line AB on the ground by ranging rods and take the fore bearing of the line.
3. Set up the level at P1.
4. Hold the staff on the bench mark and take the staff reading and entered it in the back sight column
(To determine height of instrument).
5. Mark the points A, 1,2,3,4,, etc., along line AB with pegs or arrows.
6. Hold the leveling staff at the successive points 1, 2, 3, 4 etc., and observe the levels of these points.
7. Fix a change point and take a fore sight reading on the change point.
8. Shift the instrument to P2 and level it accurately.
9. Take back sight reading on the change point and determine the height of instrument.
10. Hold the leveling staff on points 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, B and observe intermediate sight.
11. Measure the distance of the points from A by using chain or tape.
12. Finally close the work by taking fore sight reading on another bench mark from the last instrument
set-up.

(b) Cross- sectioning

Cross sections are the sections run at right angles to the centre line and on either side of it for
the purpose of determining the lateral outline of the ground surface.

1. Mark the Cross sections points and number them continuously as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. on the proposed
centre line alignment.
2. Set out perpendiculars to and on either side of the centre line using a cross staff.
3. Mark representative points along these perpendicular lines depending upon the nature of the ground.
4. Take staff readings on each cross- section on marked points from the same instrument station as set
8
up for the longitudinal sectioning.
5. Enter the staff readings accordingly.
6. Reduce the levels and apply the checks.

Observation & Tabulation:

Back Inter Fore Reduced

Station Rise Fall Distance Total distance Remarks
sight sight sight level
Left Centre Right

Result:
The longitudinal sectioning and cross sectioning using the dumpy level are completed and
plotted.

9
 OFFSET OF BUILDING AND PLOTTING THE LOCATION

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To plot offset of building and plotting the location.
Apparatus required:
A 30 m steel tape, Two metallic tapes (15 m or 30 m), A long cord, A plumb-bob, Stakes or
pegs, Nails, A hammer

Procedure:
1. From the plan, the centre line of the walls are calculated.Then the centre lines of the rooms are set out
by setting perpendiculars in the ratio 3:4:5. Suppose the corner points are a, b, c, d, e, f and g which are
marked by pegs with nails on top.
2. The setting of the corner point is checked according to diagonals ac, bd, cf and eg.
3. During excavation, the centre points a, b, c, d, e, f, g may be removed.Therefore the centre lines are
extended and the centre points are marked about 2m away from the outer edge of excavation. Thus the
points A1, A2, B1, B2 and likewise, are marked outside the trench. Centre line are shown clearly by
stretching thread or rope. The centre points fixed 2m away from the excavation are marked with sit out
pegs.
4. From the plan details, the width of excavation to be done is also marked by thread with pegs at
appropriate positions.
5. The excavation width is then marked by lime or by with furrow with spade.
6. If the plan is much to complicated and follows a zigzag pattern, then the centre pegs are kept at
suitable positions according to site conditions.

Result:-
The offset of building and plotted the location.
10
 SUN OBSERVATION TO DETERMINE AZIMUTH

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To determine the true direction (azimuth or bearing) of a line by a direct observation on the sun.

Apparatus required:

Theodolite or Engineer’s Transit , Peg or Hubs, Range Pole and a piece of white card or
Paper.

Procedure:
Preparation Prior to Sighting the Sun.
a. Set up and level the instrument at one end of a line whose true direction is to be determined.
b. Set the horizontal circle reading to zero and take a sight on a mark, at the other end of the line with
the telescope in direct position
c. Release the upper clamp then raise and point the telescope as nearly as possible toward the sun
without looking through the telescope.
d. Hold a White card from 5 cm to 10 cm behind the eyepiece and slowly rotate the telescope both in
azimuth and altitude. When a circular Shadow cast on the card clamp both motions
e. Rotate the eyepiece until the cross hairs are also focused on the card. Then focus the telescope and
made the image of the sun appear on the white card as clearly and sharply as possible.

Sighting the Sun.

a. To make the observations the image of the sun may be centered on the crosshairs or brought tangent
to them. The first method is simpler to perform but the second method is more accurate and will be
used in this particular exercise. Half of the observations should be made with the sun in one 1uadrant
and the other half with the sun in the opposite quadrant.
b. Loosen the upper motion and take a series of sights to the sun first with thetelescope in direct
position.
c. Both vertical and horizontal cross hairs are brought tangent to the eastern limband the upper (for
morning observation) or lower (for afternoon observation) limb of the sun.

Result:
The true direction (azimuth or bearing) of a line by a direct observation on the sun.

11
USR OF GPS TO DETERMINE LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE AND LOCATE THE SURVEY
CAMP LOCATION

Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To find the position (latitude, longitude and elevation) of station point using global
positioningsystem (GPS).
Apparatus required:

GPS Meter, GPS software, Total Station or Garmin GPS

Procedure:
1. Visit the Trimble website
2. Hover your mouse cursor over Support & Training, and click on Support A-Z.
3. In the list of Support & Training, Support A-Z, find and click on the Planning Software link.
4. On the Planning Software page that you land on, follow the Trimble GPS Data Resources link.
In the next step you may be prompted to install Microsoft Silverlight. If you are
prompted to install Silverlight, go ahead and do so. There are Windows and Mac versions. The software
will download and then you will need to install it. Use the Run as Administrator option to do so. If
the installation process comes back with a message that Silverlight is already installed, the implication
is that you have more than one browser app installed on your machine and you just need to open the one
that Silverlight is associated with. Chances are that it is Internet Explorer that you need to use.
5. On the GPS Data Resources page, follow the GNSS Planning Tool link. The GNSS Planning Online
interface will open. You will land on the Settings page.
6. Go ahead and enter at least longitude and latitude information for a location you areinterested in.
You can also use the Pick button to interactively select a location. After you pick a location from the
map, click the Apply button.
7. Change or take note of the other setting in the Settings dialog window.
8. Click the Settings window Apply button. Your settings will be processed. Then you canclick on any
of the other buttons along the left side of the interface.
For example, the Satellite Library button gives you access to the satellites in the various GPS systems
that exist. You can choose the satellites you want to use. Clicking on a satellite entry from one of the
system lists will bring up its almanac information.
9. Click the DOPs button. This allows you to see how the various sources of Dilution of Precision vary
throughout the time period that was specified on the Settings page. Can you determine the best and
worst times of day for GPS work?
10. Spend some time investigating what the other buttons allow you to investigate.
11. Trimble's GNSS Planning Online tool is not a teaching tool; you will not find a Help button that links
to explanations of the functionality. The planning tool is aimed at users already versed in the terminology
and technology.

12
Using Garmin GPS meter:
1. Switch on the power button present in the instrument. The instrument has to receive the signals from 5
satellites for getting accuracy (3m circumference) in result.
2. Go to Mark Waypoint comment – That gives the latitude, longitude and elevation of a particular point.

Result:
The latitude, longitude and the elevation of the station point have been found.
Latitude =
Longitude =
Elevation =

13
 TRAVERSING USING GPS
Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
Selecting of routing by connecting the points using hand held GPS.
Apparatus required:
Hand held GPS.

Procedure:
1. Let 1,2,3 and 4 are the given points of a route.
2. Access the main menu, highlight “Create” and press enter.
3. Select “Route” for the create menu.
4. Select the starting location.
5. Held the GPS over the starting point (1)
6. Current location displays the way point screen with the co-ordinates for point 1 location filled in.
7. After selecting the starting location the route screen is displayed.
8. Select “Add point” to repeat step 5 to continue adding subsequent way point of the route.
9. Select “Done” when the last point of the route is complete.
10. Select “Save route”.
11. The save route screen is displayed.
12. Highlight the route name and press enter to assign a name to the route.
13. Highlight the alert button to turn alerts for this route on or off.
14. Select “Save” to store the route into memory.

Result:
The route is selected by connecting the given point with the given point with the help of hands
held GPS.

14
 CURVE SETTING BY DEFLECTION ANGLE
Experiment No.: Date:

Aim:
To set a curve on the ground by deflection angle method.
Apparatus Required:
Theodolite with tripod, ranging rod, pegs, arrows, chains or tape.
Procedure:
Let AB and BC are two tangents intersecting at B.
1. Fix the tangent T1 and T2. Calculate the tangent length and curve lengths.
2. Ascertain the lengths of the initial and final sub-chords and the number of full-chords.
3. Calculate the deflection angles for the chords and verify it by arithmetical check.
4. Setup the theodolite on T1 and level it accurately. Select the vernier A to 0 degree and fix the upper
clamp.
5. Release the lower clamp and bisect the ranging rod at interception point B with the help of the lower
tangent screw. Tight the lower clamp.
6. Release the upper clamp and set the first deflection angle on vernier A. Direct the telescope along
the line T1E.
7. Hold the zero end of the tape at T1 and measure the distance T1P1.Bisect the ranging rod at P1 by
the telescope. Mark the base of the ranging rod perfectly.So P1 is a point on the curve which is
marked by a nail or arrow.
8. Set the next deflection angle on vernier A and mark point P2 as in the case pf P1.So p2 is the next
point on the curve.
9. Continue this process until all the deflection angles are set out and all the points on the curve are
marked.Finally the last point should coincide with T2.
10. Connect these points with a smooth curve.

Observation & Tabulation:

Setting out table

Chord Deflection angle Total deflection Angles to
Point Chainage Remark
length for chord angle be set

Result:
The curve is set out by deflection angle method and marked on the ground.
15