 Menstrual

Personal Development (L2): periods and

Developing the Whole Person sexual maturity

Lesson 2:
Biology
NATURE VS NURTURE
FIVE ASPECTS OF
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Area Development
Physiological/Physical Refers to physical changes in
development the body
as well as the senses and
changes in
skills related to movement.
Emotional development It has something to do with
the feelings that you
experience.
Social development It is about our innate
capacity to relate with
others, to connect, and to
feel the sense of
belongingness.
Cognitive development Refers to a person’s
intellectual abilities as shown
in his/her thoughts,
attitudes, beliefs and values.
Spiritual development It is discovering oneself
beyond the ego known as the
soul, spirit, or the “inner
essence” that is often
disregarded or taken for
granted.
1. Physical Development
Physical Changes during Puberty (Girls)
 Growth in Height and weight continues at a slower
pace. Adult height is reached by age 16 – 17
 Breast development
 Pubic hair thickens, and takes on adult triangular
pattern
 Underarm hair thickens
 Hips widen; fat deposits in buttocks, legs, and
stomach increase
 Menstrual periods become regular; ovulation is
established; pregnancy becomes likely
Physical Changes during Puberty
Boys and Girls
 Always hungry; appetite is great
 Need for sleep increases; may sleep quite late on
weekends
 Increased production of oil, and sweat gland
activity. This is the beginning of acne, which may
be problematic
 Sweating increases
 Rapid growth may cause clumsiness and lack of
coordination
 Sexual desires and fantasies increases

Physical Changes during Puberty (Boys)

Adolescence- is the period of psychological and
social transition between childhood and adulthood
Puberty- is the process of physical changes by which
adolescents reach sexual maturity
 Rapid growth in height and weight
 Muscles fill out and strength increases
dramatically
 Voice deepens
 Pubic and underarm hair appears and thickens
 Body hair increases; facial hair growth
 Penis, scrotum, and testes enlarge
 Ejaculation and nocturnal emissions occur

Puberty Involves…
 Growth Spurt
 Weight gain
 Adult body composition
 Secondary sexual development (breasts, pubic
hair, genital development) Puberty Begins
Menarche: the term for a girl’s first period. Marks a  Controlling one’s emotions
girl’s sexual maturity and is indicative of her capacity
to be pregnant. Amygdala - Is the seat of your emotions such as
Spermarche: the term for a boy’s first ejaculation, anger, sadness, and happiness.
which signals sperm production has begun. This is an
indication that their male reproductive organs have FRONTAL
PARIETAL
Lobe
Lobe
become mature in function and that they are already
capable of reproduction.
OCCIPITAL
Lobe
Early Maturation: Correlations
 Early maturing girls are at higher risk of:
TEMPORAL
 Teasing Lobe
CEREBELLUM

 Early sexual activity

 Eating disorders BRAIN STEM

 Early substance use

 Early maturing boys are at higher risk of:
 Rebellion
 Breaking the law
 Stress and depression from relationships
Late Maturation: Correlations
 Late maturation may also be difficult, especially
for boys in a school in which athletics is valued.
 Late maturing girls may feel anxiety about when
puberty will hit.
Body Image
 Adolescents report that their body image is the
most important predictor of their self-esteem.
 Unfortunately, this can lead to eating disorders.
(Eating Disorders During Adolescence)
ANOREXIA NERVOSA is a severe eating disorder
in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that
their behavior and appearance, which may become
skeletal, are out of the ordinary.
 These women are often intelligent, successful,
attractive, and from affluent homes.
BULIMIA is an eating disorder characterized by
binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges
of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives.
 A chemical imbalance results from constant
vomiting or diarrhea.
 This can have serious effects, including heart
failure.
2. COGNITIVEINTELLECTUAL
DEVELOPMENT
At the stage of adolescence, the neurons in the corpus
callosum thicken and connect the left hemisphere and
the right hemisphere of your brain, making the brain
process information faster and more effectively.
Prefrontal Cortex
 Decision making
 Reasoning
Metacognition
 Awareness or analysis of one’s own learning or
thinking processes.
 This results in increased introspection, but may
also lead to some sort of egocentrism or
preoccupation with the self.
Intellectual/Cognitive Development
Intelligence
 The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but
imagination (Einstein)
 I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I
know nothing (Socrates)
 Crystallized fluid and includes knowledge and
skills measured by test and vocabulary (Raymond
Cattell, 1963)
 The global capacity to act purposely, to think
rationally and deal effectively with the immediate
environment
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Differentiates human intelligence into specific
modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as
dominated by a single general ability.
Types of Intelligence According to Multiple
Intelligence Theory
 Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
 Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
 Visual-Spatial Intelligence
 Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
 Musical Intelligence
 Interpersonal Intelligence
 Intrapersonal Intelligence
 Naturalistic Intelligence
3. Social Development
 Peer acceptance
 Curiosity about relationships with the opposite sex
and experience physical attraction to them.
 Peer pressure
 KJ (kill joy)
 Walang pakikisama
 Mama’s Boy / Daddy’s Girl
Psychosocial Theory by Erik Erikson
5. Spiritual Development
 Spiritual and inner peace is a way of life. It helps
us to develop great strength and courage. Spiritual
growth and development help to make human
beings better citizens.
 Do you believe in God?

Personal Development
Developing the Person

The Agencies of Socialization

 Family
 School
 Church
 Peers
 Government
 Social/Mass Media

4. Moral Aspect of Development

Morality- is a principle concerning how individuals
distinguish what is right from what is wrong.
Values- is the worth that we assign to things/entities
that are considered to be important.

Some Character Traits that Need to be

Embodied and Valued
 Loyalty
 Sincerity
 Kindness
 Compassion
 Courage
 Perseverance
 Cheerfulness
 Optimism
 Respect
 Volunteerism
 Integrity
Stage 6:
Universal Ethical Principle
Stage 5:
Social Contract Orientation

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Stage 3: Good Boy, Nice Girl Orientation

Stage 2: Instrumental - Relativist Orientation

Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation

Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
 Prepared by:
Shane Amber, 11-ABM C