Test Bank For Empowerment Series Introduction To Social Work Social Welfare Critical Thinking Perspectives 5th Edition

Test Bank for Empowerment Series Introduction to Social Work & Social Welfare Critical T
Test Bank for Empowerment Series Introduction to

Social Work & Social Welfare Critical Thinking
Perspectives, 5th Edition
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Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
1. Feudalism was the principal type of political organization in Europe until the:
a. mid-1300s.
b. late-1400s.
c. early-1500s.
d. late-1600s.
ANSWER: a
2. What happened after feudalism's demise in England?

a. People fled the urban areas looking for work in the rural areas.
b. Cholera destroyed almost half of the English population.
c. A law was passed restricting the unemployed from moving about.
d. The church gained more political and financial power.
ANSWER: c
3. The _____ is considered the first piece of legislation establishing coherent, consistent public support for needy people
through local taxes.
a. Statute of Laborers
b. Social Welfare Act
c. Beggar Tax
d. Elizabethan Poor Law
ANSWER: d
4. Which of the following was a category of people eligible for public support according to the 1601 Elizabethan Poor
Law?
a. Alcoholics
b. Adopted children
c. Able-bodied poor
d. Reformed criminals
ANSWER: c
5. _____ were institutions in England where the impotent poor were placed and provided food and shelter.
a. Welfare shelters
b. Missions
c. Speenhamlands
d. Almshouses
ANSWER: d
6. The _____ established the residency requirement in England that needed potential aid recipients to prove that they had
dwelled in some location for some designated time before they could receive assistance or benefits from the political body
governing that location.
a. Elizabethan Poor Law
b. Law of Settlement
c. Social Welfare Act
d. Statutes of Laborers
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ANSWER: b
7. The _____ was a policy of supplementing the income of all poor people so everyone would have a minimum income
necessary for survival.
a. Speenhamland system
b. Elizabethan Poor Law
c. Jones Act
d. Mittanian Agreement
ANSWER: a
8. All of the following are true regarding the early poor laws in the American colonies except that:
a. the laws resembled or were identical to those in England.
b. the worthy poor were pitied and the community found ways to care for them.
c. services reflected a mix of public and private collaboration.
d. the colonists reflected a residual view of social welfare.
ANSWER: d
9. The Civil War occurred from _____.

a. 1780 to 1785
b. 1801 to 1802
c. 1861 to 1865
d. 1890 to 1891
ANSWER: c
10. The trend of the mammoth growth in manufacturing and technology that occurred in the United States between the
Civil War and the early 20th century was called:
a. the Great Society.
b. War on Poverty.
c. the Good Life.
d. industrialization.
ANSWER: d
11. _____ were neighborhood-based centers where interested students, humanitarians, and others lived to help people in
poverty improve their lives and communities.
a. Almshouses
b. Poorhouses
c. Settlement houses
d. Charity organization societies
ANSWER: c
12. Charity organization societies:

a. initially used friendly visitors who tried to help people figure out how to solve their problems.
b. stressed the empowerment and self-sufficiency of all.
c. shunned the scientific approach and adopted the settlement perspective for the upliftment of the poor.

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d. were started by Jane Addams.

ANSWER: a
13. _____ was one of the founders of perhaps the most famous settlement house in Chicago, called the Hull House, in
1889.
a. Mary Richmond
b. Jane Addams
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Etta Wheeler
ANSWER: b
14. _____ wrote Social Diagnosis, the first book to address professional social work practice, in 1917.
a. Mary Richmond
b. Jane Addams
c. Dorothea Dix
d. Etta Wheeler
ANSWER: a
15. A major step forward in the development of protective services was the _____ that was first held in 1909.
a. White House Conference on Dependent Children
b. Congressional Conclave on Indian Rights
c. International Summit on Mental Health
d. National Policy Convention
ANSWER: a
16. The _____ to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote, was passed in 1920.
a. 14th Amendment
b. 4th Amendment
c. 19th Amendment
d. 9th Amendment
ANSWER: c
17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt initiated the _____, a vigorous plan that created a wide range of social programs and
significantly extended federal control in social welfare matters.
a. Great Society
b. War on Poverty
c. New Deal
d. Right Way
ANSWER: c
18. The _____ provided grants to the states for people in need and established camps for displaced persons, provided
loans to college students, and purchased and sold 4 million acres of land to tenant farmers.
a. Public Works Administration
b. Civilian Conservation Corps

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c. Works Progress Administration

d. Federal Emergency Relief Act
ANSWER: d
19. The _____ channeled funds to finance various public works such as building roads, cataloging resources in libraries,
digging drainage ditches, and renovating parks.
b. Civilian Works Administration
c. Civilian Conservation Corps
ANSWER: b
20. The intent of the _____ was to encourage economic growth and help struggling industries, which was accomplished
by contracting with private businesses to build facilities such as bridges, airports, dams, and school buildings.
b. Federal Emergency Relief Act
c. Civilian Conservation Corps
d. Works Progress Administration
ANSWER: a
21. The _____ initially recruited males between 18 and 25 who were receiving public assistance and transported them to
revitalize parks in the West.
a. Civilian Works Administration
ANSWER: b
22. The _____ supported the work of artists, musicians, writers, and scholars and provided jobs in a wide range of
activities, from heavy construction to the painting of murals in local libraries and orchestral performances in the schools.
ANSWER: c
23. _____ is a government program providing benefits related to certain designated risks assumed by working people.
a. Public assistance
b. Social insurance
c. Title IV, Aid to Dependent Children
d. The Older Americans Act
ANSWER: b
24. _____ is a government program providing assistance for older adults, dependent children in single-parent families,
children with disabilities, and people who are blind.
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a. Public assistance
b. Social insurance
c. Title IV, Aid to Dependent Children
d. The Older Americans Act
ANSWER: a
25. In which of the following landmark rulings in 1954 did the Supreme Court overturn the separate but equal doctrine
and declare that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional?
a. Stevenson v. Public Education
b. Thomas v. California School Board
c. Brown v. Board of Education
d. King v. King
ANSWER: c
26. An effort to fashion a "Great Society" was initiated by President:

a. Franklin Roosevelt.
b. John F. Kennedy.
c. Lyndon B. Johnson.
d. Ronald Reagan.
ANSWER: c
27. _____ provided preschoolers with resources designed to meet educational, health, and recreational needs throughout
the year.
a. Operation Head Start
b. Job Corps
c. Volunteers in Service to America
d. Upward Bound
ANSWER: a
28. _____ developed and coordinated efforts by neighborhood organizations to fight poverty and improve social and
economic conditions for community residents.
a. Upward Bound
b. Neighborhood Youth Corps
d. Community Action Program
ANSWER: d
29. _____ was a program that recruited impoverished youths ages 16–24 from disadvantaged urban and rural
communities, and provided them with residential training, employment, and work skills.
b. Job Corps
d. Upward Bound
ANSWER: b
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30. _____ was a program that targeted school-age children and presented them with special educational resources and
incentives to prevent them from dropping out of school.
b. Job Corps
d. Upward Bound
ANSWER: d
31. _____ involved recruiting people to work in urban and rural neighborhoods experiencing economic and cultural
problems.
a. Job Corps
b. Volunteers in Service to America
c. Upward Bound
d. Community Action Program
ANSWER: b
32. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Act was passed during the presidency of _____.
a. Ronald Reagan
b. George H. W. Bush
c. Bill Clinton
d. George W. Bush
ANSWER: c
33. President Barack Obama's health-care reform plan is entitled the _____.
a. Patient Bill of Rights
b. Title XXI
c. Personal Medical Insurance Act
d. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
ANSWER: d
34. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land:

a. was the first federal welfare agency.
b. was placed under the auspices of the Interior Department.
c. allocated property to over 45% of eligible African Americans.
d. was established by Congress in 1925.
ANSWER: a
35. The _____ halted Asian immigration almost altogether, a state of affairs that lasted until 1968.
a. Social Security Act of 1935
b. Older Americans Act of 1965
c. Immigration Act of 1924
d. Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
ANSWER: c

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36. The _____ in 1917 gave all people born on the island of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship.
a. Puerto Rican Territorial Treaty
b. Jones Act
c. Island Territory Settlement
d. Immigration and Citizenship Act
ANSWER: b
37. The _____ was the most important piece of civil rights legislation since the Civil War.
a. Civilian Works Administration
b. Social Security Act of 1935
c. Civil Rights Act of 1964
d. Public Works Administration
ANSWER: c
38. Cesar Chavez formed the:

a. United Grape Growers.
b. Agricultural Consortium.
c. California Migrant Worker Society.
d. National Farm Workers Association.
ANSWER: d
39. According to Tice and Perkins (2002), the most famous Native American protest group from the 1960s is the _____.
a. Native Americans Unite
b. American Indian Movement
c. Bureau of Indian Affairs
d. Native Land Recovery Group
ANSWER: b
40. John Locke's tabula rasa approach from the mid-18th century suggested that children:
a. be placed in apprenticeships.
b. were inherently pure and good.
c. required supervision to keep them busy and out of trouble.
d. be provided religious moral education from a young age.
ANSWER: b
41. The _____ movement, following the mental health movement, emphasized provision of care in people's own
communities.
a. mental hygiene
b. moral treatment
c. deinstitutionalization
ANSWER: c
42. The _____ movement, following the mental health movement, emphasized specialized psychiatric units and
psychotherapy.

Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
a. mental hygiene
b. moral treatment
ANSWER: a
43. The _____ movement, following the mental health movement, emphasized human treatment in structured institutional
settings.
a. mental hygiene
b. moral treatment
ANSWER: b
44. The mental hygiene movement occurred in the United States:

a. from 1770 to 1900.
b. from 1900 to 1945.
c. during the early 1950s.
d. during the mid-1800s.
ANSWER: b
45. As a result of _____ and her followers' efforts, over 30 state mental hospitals were established during the mid-1800s.
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Jane Addams
c. Mary Richmond
d. Etta Wheeler
ANSWER: a
46. All of the following are true regarding the Reverend Charles Loring Brace except that:
a. he was one of the founders of Hull House.
b. he gathered up thousands of juvenile paupers from the New York City streets and sent them to live with farm
families in the Midwest.
c. he believed that farmers were the ideal citizens and that farming was the ideal occupation.
d. he started New York's Children's Aid Society.
ANSWER: a
47. In 1919, schools of social work in Canada and the United States joined together to form what is now known as the:
a. American Association of Schools of Social Work.
b. North American School Social Work Association.
c. School Social Work Association.
d. Schools of Social Work Association of America.
ANSWER: a
48. In 1955, seven separate professional organizations came together to form the:
a. American Association of Social Work Schools.
b. Academy of Social Work.
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c. Council on Social Work Education.

d. National Association of Social Workers.
ANSWER: d
49. The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) made accreditation available to baccalaureate social work (BSW)
programs in _____.
a. 1958
b. 1974
c. 1981
d. 1989
ANSWER: b
50. The _____ saw the beginning of the moral treatment movement in mental health.
a. 1600s
b. 1770s
c. 1950s
d. 1960s
ANSWER: b
51. The Great Depression was initiated by the _____ of 1929.

a. African slave trade
b. stock market crash
c. implementation of the Social Security Act
d. application of John Locke's tabula rasa
ANSWER: b
52. The Social Security Act was passed in _____.

a. 1865
b. 1929
c. 1935
d. 1990
ANSWER: c
53. Which of the following is true of the decision made in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?
a. It revoked the policy of providing social benefits to families with male members.
b. It barred mental patients from being provided school-level education.
c. It paved the way for stopping blatant racial discrimination in various public settings.
d. It forbade a legally unattached man from living with a family receiving benefits.
ANSWER: c
54. The Civil Rights Act passed in _____ was the most important piece of civil rights legislation since the Civil War.
a. 1601
b. 1770
c. 1954
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d. 1964
ANSWER: d
55. The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in _____.

a. 1865
b. 1929
c. 1935
d. 1990
ANSWER: d
56. The 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law is considered the first piece of legislation establishing coherent, consistent public
support for needy people through local taxes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
57. The Speenhamland system was a very successful policy and is in existence even to this day.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
58. Early poor laws in the American colonies frequently placed dependent children in apprenticeships.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
59. The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted women the right to vote.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
60. The Social Security Act was passed during Lyndon B. Johnson's presidency.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
61. The Great Society was a program initiated by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
62. The Family and Medical Leave Act was passed during George W. Bush's presidency.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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63. The fringe economy refers to President Barack Obama's stimulus plan.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
64. The 1781 Articles of Confederation gave the federal government singular and complete authority over Indian affairs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
65. The Trail of Tears refers to the infamous 1,200-mile journey of the Cherokee people.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
66. The Indian Removal Act resulted in thousands of American Indians being taken from their own lands and relocated to
distant reservations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
67. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
68. The Freedmen's Bureau was placed under the auspices of the Interior Department.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
69. Under the Freedmen's Bureau, over 25% of eligible African Americans were allocated property.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
70. The Dawes Act resulted in American Indians regaining 75% of their land.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
71. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was initially formed in outrage over the lynching of
African Americans.
a. True

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b. False
ANSWER: True
72. In colonial America, people with mental illness were placed in almshouses, clustered with the poor and people with
other disabilities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
73. Dorothea Dix was an advocate for the American Indian assimilation into the mainstream culture in the United States.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
74. During the 1950s, 85% of social work students selected casework as their orientation of choice.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
75. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010 under the presidency of Barack Obama.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
76. List the three categories of eligible recipients outlined in the English Elizabethan Poor Law.
ANSWER: The 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law was the first to establish categories of eligible recipients by identifying the
following:
1. Dependent children without relatives
2. The impotent poor
3. The able-bodied poor
77. Explain why the following women were important to social welfare history:
Jane Addams
Mary Richmond
ANSWER: Jane Addams: Jane Addams was an immensely important figure in the development of social work and
advocacy for social change. Addams built her reputation as the country's most prominent woman through her
writing, her settlement work, and her international efforts for world peace. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates
Starr opened perhaps the most famous settlement house, Hull House, in Chicago in 1889. A wide range of
programs were developed at Hull House that served as models for other settlement houses around the
country. Jane directed her efforts at the root causes of poverty and continued living and working at Hull
House until her death. Hull House workers advocated for and helped pass laws involving child labor and
mandatory education, which eventually spread to the national level. Jane, an exceptional speaker, often spoke
publicly on the behalf of human welfare. She also wrote 11 books and published many articles. Her national
efforts involving advocacy to improve social conditions included being the first female president of the
National Conference of Charities and Corrections. Jane was involved in establishing the Chicago Federation
of Settlements in 1894, and later helped found the National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood
Centers in 1911. Jane was also a strong advocate for international peace. Against opposition, she advocated
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for the United States to denounce war and join with other countries to form global organizations striving for
international harmony. Because of her efforts, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. She is
remembered and revered as one of the most important advocates for human rights and well-being ever living
in this country.
Mary Richmond: Mary Richmond was a primary proponent of the charity organization movement and a
significant force in the early definition of social work. Mary was an early advocate for the development of
professional schools of social casework. She began working for the Baltimore Charity Organization as an
assistant treasurer in 1989, becoming its general secretary two years later. As early as 1897, Mary began to
advocate for the development of professional schools of social casework and structured social work
education programming. In 1899, she wrote the first book that provided a thorough description of practical
techniques used in doing charitable work with poor people called Friendly Visiting Among the Poor. Her
basic belief was that the poor could be helped and reformed by using structured, planned methods. In 1900,
Mary became general secretary of the Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity, where she stressed the
use of volunteers. One of Mary's major achievements was the development and wide dissemination of
educational materials training workers in the process and techniques of social casework. Mary wrote Social
Diagnosis, the first book to address professional social work practice, in 1917. A guide for the beginning
caseworker, the book outlined ways to diagnose and assess need, and it greatly influenced the new
profession. Mary's work established social casework as a cornerstone of social work by emphasizing
individual functioning within the person's and family's environment.
78. List four programs that were established under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.
ANSWER: Students' answers will vary.
The following programs were established when the Economic Opportunity Act, also referred to as the
antipoverty bill, was passed in 1964:
• Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)

• Job Corps
• Upward Bound
• Neighborhood Youth Corps
• Operation Head Start
• Community Action Program (CAP)
79. What are some important events that affected social welfare during Clinton's presidency?
ANSWER: When Bill Clinton was elected president in 1992, liberals hoped for positive changes in social welfare policy.
However, he faced a Senate and House of Representatives dominated by Republicans as early as 1994, so
most of his proposals were squelched. Clinton should be recognized, however, for decreasing some proposed
reductions in spending on social programs and reducing proposed tax cuts, in addition to ending annual
budget deficits. A major conservative policy established during his presidency is the Personal Responsibility
and Work Opportunities Act (PR WO A) of 1996, which affects public assistance, Supplemental Security
Income (SSI), immigrants' ability to receive benefits, child care, and nutritional and food programs. One of
its facets, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) greatly restricts benefits compared to the
program preceding it (Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC]). TANF essentially changed
welfare as we know it by placing time limits on benefits, allowing states great discretion in benefit
distribution, and establishing stringent work requirements. Additional significant pieces of legislation
implemented during the Clinton era were the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 and the Crime Bill of
1994. The Family and Medical Leave Act requires that both public and private employers with 50 or more
employees provide each employee up to 12 weeks of unpaid annual leave after a birth or child adoption,
while caring for an ill family member (parent, spouse, or child), or during recuperation from illness.
Although health benefits must continue, the fact that the time is unpaid discourages many people from using
this option. The 1994 Crime Bill increased funding for hiring more police officers and building more prisons,
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in addition to enacting federal penalties and developing social services to decrease domestic violence.
80. Describe the Trail of Tears.

ANSWER: As Whites pushed westward into American Indian territory, tensions continued to mount. The Indian
Removal Act, passed in 1830, resulted in thousands of American Indians being removed from their own
lands and placed on distant reservations. There they experienced the spread of disease and numerous
restrictions. By the early 1800s, the Cherokee had called western Georgia home for almost 1,000 years. Their
literacy rate in their own tongue was 90%, they published a bilingual newspaper and a range of textbooks,
and they established a written constitution as an independent nation. Most of them worked as farmers and
ranchers. After gold was discovered in Georgia in 1828, the tension increased between the Cherokee and
their non-Native counterparts. Although the Cherokee challenged the legality of the 1830 Indian Removal
Act in the Supreme Court and at first appeared to be successful, it was determined that they could be
removed if they signed a treaty to that effect. Against the majority's will, in 1835 a small faction of the
Cherokee Nation signed such a treaty relinquishing all land east of the Mississippi in return for promised new
western lands, cash, equipment, and supplies. Three years later, 17,000 Cherokee men, women, and children
were torn from their land and made to endure squalid conditions on a 1,200-mile trip to Indian Territory in
the West. On that journey, 4,000 perished from hunger, exposure, and disease. This infamous journey is aptly
and sadly called the Trail of Tears. In all, during the 1830s between 70,000 and 100,000 American Indians
were uprooted from their homes and herded to Oklahoma.
81. What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, when was it signed, and what did it do for the United States?
ANSWER: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848. According to this treaty, Mexico ceded
more than half of its territory to the United States, including contemporary Arizona, New Mexico, and upper
California, in addition to portions of Colorado, Nevada, and Utah in exchange for $15 million: additionally,
Mexico recognized U.S. retention of Texas with its southern boundary at the Rio Grande.
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did address the rights of Mexicans living in the ceded regions. It provided
the options of retaining their land and becoming U.S. citizens, which the vast majority chose, or moving
south into Mexico. Although the treaty guaranteed land, personal, and religious rights, Anglos generally
opted to ignore these guarantees. Many Anglos took Chicano landowners to court over land rights, usually
winning because many Chicanos had lost proof of land titles during the conflict and could not afford to hire
attorneys to defend themselves adequately. As a result, Chicanos were generally disenfranchised from their
property and their rights, becoming strangers in their own land. Many were forced into hard agricultural
labor that Anglos preferred not to do. Anglos commonly viewed Chicanos as a minority group with its own
culture; although Chicanos outnumbered Anglos and were living in their own homelands, they were
marginalized, discriminated against, and commonly treated as second-class citizens. This set the stage for the
discrimination and many of the issues Chicanos must deal with today.
82. How did the United States gain control of Puerto Rico? What treaties and acts pertain to Puerto Rico?
ANSWER: In 1898, after the Spanish-American War ended, Spain gave Puerto Rico to the United States under the
Treaty of Paris of 1899. Puerto Rico then came under U.S. military rule until the U.S. president appointed an
American governor two years later. It was in 1917 that the Puerto Ricans attained U.S. citizenship under the
Jones Act.
Therefore, the two treaties and acts pertaining to Puerto Rico are the Treaty of Paris and the Jones Act.
83. Describe the deinstitutionalization, moral treatment, and mental hygiene movements, and cite the years they took
place.
ANSWER: The deinstitutionalization movement is an initiative that focuses on providing services and care for people
within their own communities rather than in institutional settings. It stresses placing people back in the
community and providing mental health treatment and services to them there. The deinstitutionalization
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movement resulted from the increasing belief that, with outpatient psychotherapeutic treatment and
psychotropic drugs, people with mental illness could function in the community environment. This effort has
also been referred to as the community mental health movement. This movement started in early 1950s and
continues to be in existence.
By the early 19th century, the moral treatment movement had been initiated by Philippe Pinel, a French
physician who worked in a Parisian hospital for the insane. The idea was that people with mental illness
should be treated with humane, sympathetic, and personal care in a hospital or asylum setting. In the United
States, the movement assumed more of a moralistic flavor related to the idea that bad habits lead to
tendencies toward mental disorders. Structured, corrective settings providing a remedial environment were
thought to help cure mental illness. The time frame of this movement was from the 1770s to the 1900s.
Mental health policy in the beginning of the 20th century reflected the mental hygiene movement, replacing
the earlier focus on moral treatment. The mental hygiene movement, which lasted from about 1900 to about
1945, was an initiative that focused on the improvement of mental health. It was characterized by three main
ideas. First, people were becoming disillusioned with mental hospitals and the substandard conditions in
many. Second, although institutionalization was not abandoned, alternative types of care such as specialized
psychiatric units in hospitals were being developed. This paved the way for the next mental health
movement, an initiative that focused on treatment within the community context. Finally, the concept of
mental illness began to replace insanity, and psychotherapy as a treatment method gained in popularity.
84. Explain why Dorothea Dix is important to social welfare history.

ANSWER: Dorothea Dix was a notable early advocate during the 1840s for people with mental illness. A volunteer
Sunday school teacher in a Massachusetts women's prison, she was appalled by the treatment of people with
mental illness who were placed there. She waged a dynamic publicity campaign condemning the deplorable
conditions in which these people were forced to live. Dix described vividly how many of the unfortunate
crazed were impounded in cabins, cages, closets, stalls, and other pens of one kind or another, often chained
and then abandoned to filth and neglect, or else brutally beaten—a horrifying picture. Beginning in
Massachusetts and then focusing on other states, she insisted that it was the public's responsibility to
establish hospitals providing more humane treatment and medical care for persons with mental illness. As a
result of Dix's and her followers' efforts, more than 30 state mental hospitals were established.
85. What was the focus of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990?
ANSWER: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 requires that public buildings, areas, and workplaces
provide ready access to people with physical or mental disabilities. The intent is to let them actively involve
themselves in everyday life as readily as possible.
86. To what extent did U.S. policy concerning American Indians reflect a racist orientation rather than appreciation for
and nurturance of cultural differences?
The most destructive legislation relating to American Indians in the United States was the Indian General
Allotment Act of 1887, also known as the Dawes Act. Its intent was to assimilate American Indians by
giving them land and potential citizenship in return for turning their backs on their culture and becoming
productive citizens. One problem was that the European orientation of White Americans emphasized the
importance of individuals owning their own property. The concept of sharing communal land, so integral to
American Indians, was neither understood nor respected. Over the ensuing 35 years, the Dawes Act resulted
in the loss of 75% of all American Indian lands, much of it being sold to non-American Indians or reverting
back to federal control. At least three other thrusts were involved in assimilation. First, the Bureau of Indian
Affairs assumed responsibility for American Indian children’s education, forcing them to abandon their own
language, religion, and customs and to dress, speak, and act like Whites. Second, government officials
ignored the authority of tribal leaders when addressing legal and political issues. Third, missionaries were
sent to reservations to civilize American Indians and purge them of their traditional spiritual beliefs and
practices. Assimilation attempts were finally mildly obstructed in 1934 with the Indian Reorganization Act.
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This legislation banned the practice of allocating tribal lands to individuals, established a credit fund to
provide tribes with loans, and gave American Indians preference for being hired in the Bureau of Indian
Affairs. Even this restructuring met with resistance from many First Nations Peoples. As was typical, the act
did not include any American Indian notions about how leadership should be structured or people governed.
87. Briefly discuss the Older Americans Act of 1965.

ANSWER: Unlike the Social Security Act, the Older Americans Act (OAA) of 1965 is not a policy to provide
programming and resources directly to people. Rather, it establishes an administrative structure for the
coordination and delivery of social services to older people. The OAA created an Administration on Aging
(AOA) under the auspices of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to oversee state and area
offices throughout the United States. Benefits coordinated by AOA offices include transportation; provision
of hot meals delivered to people's homes or provided at senior centers; preventive health care such as
inoculations or health education; recreation; home care (in which various services involving health, daily
living support, or other social services are provided in people's own homes); information; and resource
referral. Anyone age 60 or older is eligible for services, regardless of their economic status. Because the
focus is on coordination of services, not prescriptions about what should be provided, services vary
dramatically from one location to the next.
88. List the ways in which the Civil Rights Act of 1964 attempted to decrease discrimination.
ANSWER: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most important piece of civil rights legislation since the Civil War.
Chapin (2014) describes it as a landmark law that attempted to decrease discrimination by:
1. barring unequal application of voter registration requirements;
2. outlawing segregation in hotels, restaurants, theaters, and other public accommodations;
3. encouraging school desegregation and authorizing the U.S. attorney general to file lawsuits against schools
that resisted integration;
4. empowering federal agencies to withhold funds from programs that practiced segregation; and,
5. creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to oversee antidiscrimination efforts in
employment.
89. List any three programs initiated by President Franklin Roosevelt as part of the New Deal, and briefly describe them.
The Federal Emergency Relief Act: In 1933, Roosevelt signed the Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA),
which provided federal grants to the states that would be administered by government units at the state and
local levels to people in need. Although FERA's intent was to aid the unemployed, many working poor who
could not earn enough to support their families also received aid. Additionally, it established camps for
displaced persons, provided loans to college students, and purchased and sold 4 million acres of land to
tenant farmers.
The Civilian Works Administration: Shortly after FERA was signed into law, Roosevelt assumed his
presidential prerogative and created the Civilian Works Administration (CWA) in 1933. The CWA
channeled funds to finance various public works such as building roads, cataloging resources in libraries,
digging drainage ditches, and renovating parks. The intent, of course, was to create jobs.
The Civilian Conservation Corps: A program developed as part of the New Deal was the Civilian
Conservation Corps (CCC), created in 1933. This program initially recruited males between 18 and 25 who
were receiving public assistance, and transported them to revitalize parks in the West and participate in
reforestation, flood prevention, and fire control projects. Once again, the intent was to provide employment
to a population that had an exceptionally high unemployment rate. Similarly, the National Youth
Administration (NYA) provided part-time work for high school and college students to encourage them to
remain in school.
90. When was the first National Association of Social Work (NASW) Code of Ethics established?
Test Bank for Empowerment Series Introduction to Social Work & Social Welfare Critical T
Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 06
ANSWER: The first NASW Code of Ethics was established in 1960.
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2. What happened after feudalism's demise in England?

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9. The Civil War occurred from _____.

12. Charity organization societies:

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d. were started by Jane Addams.

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c. Works Progress Administration

26. An effort to fashion a "Great Society" was initiated by President:

34. The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land:

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38. Cesar Chavez formed the:

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44. The mental hygiene movement occurred in the United States:

c. Council on Social Work Education.

51. The Great Depression was initiated by the _____ of 1929.

52. The Social Security Act was passed in _____.

55. The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in _____.

61. The Great Society was a program initiated by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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• Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)

80. Describe the Trail of Tears.

84. Explain why Dorothea Dix is important to social welfare history.

87. Briefly discuss the Older Americans Act of 1965.

Name: Class: Date:

ANSWER: The first NASW Code of Ethics was established in 1960.

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Test Bank for Empowerment Series Introduction to Social Work & Social Welfare Critical T