Test Bank for Essential College Physics, 1st Edition: Rex

Test Bank for Essential College Physics, 1st Edition:

Rex

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Essential College Physics (Rex/Wolfson)
Chapter 10 Solids and Fluids

Quantitative

1) A steel wire, 3.2 m long, has a diameter of 1.2 mm. The wire stretches 1.6 mm when it bears a
load. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 n/m2. The mass of the load is closest to:
A) 12 kg
B) 16 kg
C) 20 kg
D) 24 kg
E) 28 kg
Answer: A
Var: 1

2) A standard atmosphere has a pressure versus altitude relation approximated by

ρ = Poe-αh,

with α = 0.116 km-1. An aircraft flies at 30,000 ft but maintains a cabin pressure of that at
8000 ft. What force is exerted by air pressure on a square meter of cabin wall area?
A) 4.1 × 104 N
B) 124 N
C) 3.5 × 104 N
D) 7.6 × 104 N
Answer: A
Var: 1

3) A container has a vertical tube, whose inner radius is 24.00 mm, connected to it at its side. An
unknown liquid reaches level A in the container and level B in the tube—level A being 5.0 cm
higher than level B. The liquid supports a 20.0 cm high column of oil, between levels B and C,
whose density is 570 kg/m3. In the figure, the mass of the oil, in grams, is closest to:
A) 210
B) 410
C) 620
D) 820
E) 1000
Answer: A
Var: 50+
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4) A container has a vertical tube, whose inner radius is 12.00 mm, connected to it at its side. An
unknown liquid reaches level A in the container and level B in the tube—level A being 5.0 cm
higher than level B. The liquid supports a 20.0 cm high column of oil, between levels B and C,
whose density is 320 kg/m3. In the figure, the gauge pressure at level B is closest to:
A) 630 Pa
B) 310 Pa
C) 470 Pa
D) 790 Pa
E) 940 Pa
Answer: A
Var: 50+

5) A football coach in hopes of improving his kicker's performance fills a 0.9 kg football with
helium rather than air. Assuming that the football contains a volume of helium equal to the air it
replaces at standard temperature and pressure, what change in relative weight of the football
(change in weight divided by weight) is to be expected? The volume of the football is 1.6 l.
A) 1.81 × 10-3
B) 1.42 × 10-3
C) 1.96 × 10-4
D) 1.01 × 10-3
Answer: A
Var: 1

6) A pump uses a piston of 15 cm diameter which moves 2 cm/s. What is the fluid velocity of a
tube 3 mm in diameter?
A) 50 m/s
B) 50 cm/s
C) 6 cm/s
D) 22 cm/s
Answer: A
Var: 1

7) An aspirator operates as a pump. Water flows by a small tube perpendicular to the flow of the
water. If the water flows at 3.7 m/s, what pressure differential is present if the other end of the
tube is maintained at atmospheric pressure?
A) 0.93 atm
B) 0.69 atm
C) 0.31 atm
D) -0.31 atm
Answer: A
Var: 1

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8) A submarine in neutral buoyancy is 100 m below the surface of the water. What air pressure
must be supplied to remove water from the ballast tanks in order for the submarine to surface?
A) 9.9 × 105 N/m2
B) 9.8 × 105 N/m2
C) 4.9 × 105 N/m2
D) The cross-sectional area of the tank is needed.
Answer: A
Var: 1

9) A hollow steel ball of diameter 3 m barely floats in water. What is the wall thickness of the
ball? (ρFe = 7.87 g/cm3)
A) 6.6 cm
B) 37 cm
C) 131 cm
D) 79 cm
Answer: A
Var: 1

10) Water is pumped out of a well at 5.000 m/s through a 8.000 cm diameter hose. The well is
30.00 ft deep. What power is needed by the pump?
A) 2253 W
B) 230 W
C) 6894 W
D) The area of the well is needed.
Answer: A
Var: 45

11) A compressed gas with a total mass of 203 kg is stored in a spherical container that has a
radius of 0.521 m. What is the density of the compressed gas?
A) 343 kg/m3
B) 209 kg/m3
C) 254 kg/m3
D) 305 kg/m3
Answer: A
Var: 50+

12) One of the dangers of tornados and hurricanes is the rapid drop in air pressure that is
associated with such storms. Assume that the air pressure inside of a sealed house is 1.02 atm
when a hurricane hits. The hurricane rapidly decreases the external air pressure to 0.910 atm.
What net force (directed outwards) is exerted on a 2.02 m square window on the house?
A) 4.55 × 104 N
B) 5.14 × 104 N
C) 4.78 × 105 N
D) 5.37 × 105 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+

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13) A water tank is filled to a depth of 10 m and the tank is 20 m above ground. The water
pressure at ground level in a hose 2 cm in diameter is closest to:
A) 3.9 × 105 N/m2
B) 2.0 × 104 N/m2
C) 9.2 N/m2
D) The cross-sectional area of the tank is needed.
Answer: A
Var: 1

14) The density of material at the center of a neutron star is approximately 1.00 × 1018 kg/m3.
Calculate the mass of a cube of this material that is 1.76 microns on each side. One micron is
equal to 1 × 10-6 m.
A) 5.45 kg
B) 4.74 kg
C) 6.16 kg
D) 6.70 kg
Answer: A
Var: 50+

15) Calculate the pressure exerted on the ground by a 79 kg person standing on one foot. Assume
that the bottom of the person's foot is 13 cm wide and 28 cm long.
A) 2.1 × 104 Pa
B) 2.2 × 103 Pa
C) 4.8 × 104 Pa
D) 5.3 × 104 Pa
Answer: A
Var: 36

16) A cap 7.000 cm in diameter plugs an opening in a spherical container 1.000 m in diameter at
atmospheric pressure. The container is submerged to a depth of 10.00 ft in water. What force is
needed to remove the plug? Assume the plug is planar and the pressure over the container is
equalized.
A) 115 N
B) 460 N
C) 4.608 × 106 N
D) 378 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+

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17) A tank of water at rest is 2.0000 m deep. It is then accelerated at 5.0000 m/s2 parallel to the
original water surface, so that the front edge of the water in the tank is lowered to 1/2 its original
value. What is the water pressure in the tank at the bottom back edge?
A) 29,430.0013 N/m2
B) 9 N/m2
C) 9810.00042 N/m2
D) The length of the tank is needed.
Answer: A
Var: 24

18) A house is supported equally on 18 pilings each with a 0.5 m2area at the base. The soil can
withstand 5 psi. What could be the maximum mass of the house?
A) 3.2 × 104 kg
B) 6.3 × 104 kg
C) 8.0 × 104 kg
D) 1.6 × 104 kg
Answer: A
Var: 50+

19) How many logs 3.00 m long and 18.0 cm in diameter are needed to just barely float a
2500.0 kg car? (ρwood = 0.720 g/cm3)
A) 118
B) 117
C) 30
D) 29
Answer: A
Var: 50+

20) A 4.7 kg solid sphere, made of metal whose density is 4000 kg/m3, is suspended by a cord.
The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.When the sphere is immersed in water, the tension in the
cord is closest to:
A) 35 N
B) 40 N
C) 46 N
D) 52 N
E) 58 N
Answer: A
Var: 50+

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21) The body takes a mass of air into the lungs directly proportional to the ambient pressure. A
diver who uses 27 psi/min at sea level has an air tank initially containing 1800 psi. How long can
the diver work at a water depth of 40.0 ft?
A) 31 min
B) 56 min
C) 107 min
D) 2 min
Answer: A
Var: 50+

22) How much would a lead brick 2.0 in × 2.0 in × 8.0 in weigh if placed in oil with density
ρ = 0.92 g/cm3? (ρPb = 11.4 g/cm3)
A) 5.5 kg
B) 0.34 kg
C) 6 kg
D) 0.48 kg
Answer: A
Var: 20

23) A 200.0 kg flat-bottomed boat floats in fresh water, which has a density of 1000.0 kg/m3.
Assuming that the base of the boat is 1.42 m wide and 4.53 m long, how much of the boat is
submerged when it carries three passengers whose total mass is 193 kg?
A) 6.11 cm
B) 6.48 cm
C) 6.84 cm
D) 7.33 cm
Answer: A
Var: 50+

24) An 8.6 kg solid sphere, made of metal whose density is 3400 kg/m3, is suspended by a cord.
When the sphere is immersed in a liquid of unknown density, the tension in the cord is 38 N. The
density of the liquid is closest to:
A) 1900 kg/m3
B) 1700 kg/m3
C) 1600 kg/m3
D) 1500 kg/m3
E) 1400 kg/m3
Answer: A
Var: 50+

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25) A 9.8 kg solid sphere, made of metal whose density is 3000 kg/m3, is suspended by a cord.
The sphere floats when placed in a liquid of density 4200 kg/m3. The fraction of the volume of
the sphere that is submerged is closest to:
A) 0.71
B) 0.73
C) 0.75
D) 0.69
E) 0.67
Answer: A
Var: 50+

26) How many grams of ethanol (specific gravity 0.80) should be added to 5 grams of
chloroform (specific gravity 1.50) if the resulting mixture is to have a specific gravity of 1.20?
A) 2.0 g
B) 2.4 g
C) 1.8 g
D) 4.4 g
E) 1.6 g
Answer: A
Var: 1

27) Consider a very small hole in the bottom of a tank 20.0 cm in diameter filled with water to a
height of 50.0 cm. Find the speed at which the water exits the tank through the hole.
A) 3.13 m/s
B) 9.80 m/s
C) 31.8 m/s
D) 34.9 m/s
Answer: A
Var: 50+

28) A venturi is constructed of a 9.0 cm diameter pipe with a 2.0 cm diameter throat. Water
pressure in the pipe is twice atmospheric pressure and it flows with a velocity of 0.30 m/s. What
is the pressure in the throat?
A) 1.8 atm
B) 0.18 atm
C) 2.2 atm
D) 2.0 atm
Answer: A
Var: 16

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29) Water flowing through a pipe suddenly comes to a section of pipe where the pipe diameter
decreases to 86% of its previous value. If the speed of the water in the larger section of the pipe
was 32 m/s, what is its speed in this smaller section?
A) 43 m/s
B) 37 m/s
C) 28 m/s
D) 24 m/s
Answer: A
Var: 50+

30) The Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean is 36,000 feet deep. Assuming that sea water has an
average density of 1.04 g/cm3, calculate the absolute pressure at the bottom of the trench in
atmospheres.
A) 1.1 × 103 atm
B) 1.1 × 108 atm
C) 1.1 × 105 atm
D) 1.1 × 106 atm
E) 2.1 atm
Answer: A
Var: 1

31) A rectangular wooden block measures 10.0 cm × 4.00 cm × 2.00 cm. When the block is
placed in water, it floats horizontally, with its bottom face 1.65 cm below the surface. What is
the density of the wood?
A) 0.825 g/cm3
B) 1.21 g/cm3
C) 1.65 g/cm3
D) 0.606 g/cm3
E) 0.350 g/cm3
Answer: A
Var: 1

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32) A pressurized cylindrical tank, 5.0 m in diameter, contains water that emerges from the pipe
at point C, with a velocity of 13 m/s. Point A is 10 m above point B and point C is 3 m above
point B. The area of the pipe at point B is 0.08 m2 and the pipe narrows to an area of 0.04 m2 at
point C. Assume the water is an ideal fluid in laminar flow. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
In the figure, the mass flow rate in the pipe is closest to:
A) 520 Kg/s
B) 470 Kg/s
C) 420 Kg/s
D) 360 Kg/s
E) 310 Kg/s
Answer: A
Var: 50+

True/False

1) If the hydrostatic pressure at a certain depth in the ocean is 2 atm, the hydrostatic pressure will
be 4 atm if you go twice as deep.
Answer: FALSE
Var: 1

2) A long vertical metal cylinder is filled with oil. If a piston pushes on the top of this cylinder
and increases the pressure there by 6,000 Pa, the pressure at the bottom will increase
considerably more due to the weight of the oil.
Answer: FALSE
Var: 1

3) According to Pascal's principle, if you increase the pressure enough so that the force at one
end of an oil-filled tube increases by 10 N, the force will increase at all points in the tube by 10
N.
Answer: FALSE
Var: 1

4) When an object is floating, the buoyant force on it is just equal to its weight.
Answer: TRUE
Var: 1

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5) If you increase the pressure on the surface of a can of water, you will increase the buoyant
force on objects placed in that water.
Answer: FALSE
Var: 1

6) If the gauge pressure at a certain depth in Lake Michigan is 3.5 atmospheres, the absolute
pressure at that depth is 4.5 atm.
Answer: TRUE
Var: 1

7) If a uniform sphere is compressed to half of its original diameter, its mass remains the same
but its density becomes 8 times as great.
Answer: TRUE
Var: 1

8) Water flows through a pipe having a varying width. More water flows per second through the
wide section than through the narrow section because there is more room for it to flow.
Answer: FALSE
Var: 1

Conceptual

1) Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A) The ratio stress/strain is called the elastic modulus.
B) "Strain" has a meaning very close to "force."
C) "Stress" has a meaning very close to "stretch."
D) Tensile stress is measured in Newtons.
E) Tensile strain is measured in meters.
Answer: A
Var: 1

2) An air bubble underwater has the same pressure as that of the water. As the air bubble rises
toward the surface (and its temperature remains constant), the volume of the air bubble
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains constant.
D) increases or decreases, depending on the rate it rises.
Answer: A
Var: 1

3) Consider ice cubes floating in a glass of water. What will happen to the level of the water as
the ice melts?
Answer: The water level remains unchanged since the ice displaces its own weight of water.
Var: 1

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4) Does atmospheric pressure affect the buoyant force on a rigid submarine? Explain why or why
not.
Answer: No. Adding a constant value to the pressure does not affect the net force. If the
submarine were not rigid, a constant pressure would decrease the volume of the submarine, and
thus decrease the buoyancy.
Var: 1

5) Density is
A) proportional to both mass and volume.
B) proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume.
C) inversely proportional to mass and proportional to volume.
D) inversely proportional to both mass and volume.
E) proportional only to volume.
Answer: B
Var: 1

6) What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire called?
A) absolute pressure
B) atmospheric pressure
C) fluid pressure
D) gauge pressure
E) N/m2
Answer: D
Var: 1

7) When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a
pool?
A) It does not change.
B) It increases by a lesser amount.
C) It increases by the same amount.
D) It increases by a greater amount.
E) It depends on the depth of the pool.
Answer: C
Var: 1

8) "An external pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted unchanged to every point
within the fluid" is known as
A) Archimedes' principle.
B) Bernoulli's principle.
C) Torricelli's law.
D) Pascal's principle.
E) Fermet's principle.
Answer: D
Var: 1

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9) The hydraulic lift is an application of
A) Bernoulli's principle.
B) Pascal's principle.
C) Archimedes' principle.
D) Poiseuille's equation.
E) Torricelli's equation.
Answer: B
Var: 1

10) If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is
A) reduced to one-third.
B) increased by a factor of two.
C) increased by a factor of three.
D) reduced to one-half.
Answer: A
Var: 1

11) Both the pressure and volume of a given sample of an ideal gas double. This means that its
temperature in Kelvins must
A) double.
B) quadruple.
C) reduce to one-half its original value.
D) reduce to one-fourth its original value.
E) remain unchanged.
Answer: B
Var: 1

12) Consider a flat steel plate with a hole through its center. When the plate's temperature is
decreased, the hole will
A) contract only if it takes up more than half the plate's surface area.
B) expand if it takes up less than half the plate's surface area.
C) contract.
D) expand.
Answer: C
Var: 1

13) In the equation PV = NkT, the k is known as

A) Avogadro's number.
B) Boltzmann's constant.
C) Planck's constant.
D) the spring (compressibility) constant.
E) compressibility.
Answer: B
Var: 1

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Test Bank for Essential College Physics, 1st Edition: Rex

14) The kinetic theory of gases suggests the average kinetic energy per molecule is (for a
monatomic gas)
A) 1/2 kT.
B) 5/2 kT.
C) 3/2 kT.
D) 2 kT.
E) kT.
Answer: C
Var: 1

15) Diffusion is described by

A) Boyle's law.
B) Kepler's law.
C) Charles' law.
D) Graham's law.
E) Archimedes' law.
Answer: D
Var: 1

16) An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it
is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding
the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of
the gas will be
A) U.
B) 2U.
C) U/2.
D) U/3.
E) U/4.
Answer: A
Var: 1

13
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