PROGRAMMING REVIEWER

INTRO TO COMPUTER
COMPUTER
 Programmable machine
 Accepts input, process that and produce output
 Purpose is to process data into information
NETWORK
 Two or more computers connected together using communicators equipment
CAME ALONG…
 BEING ‘ONLINE’
 Using computer to access info from another computer using network
 WORLD WIDE WEB
 E-MAIL
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (INFOTECH)
 Helps in production, processing, storing, communication and dissemination of info
 E-WORLD (E-BUSINESS ETC)
(EMBEDDED SYSTEM – Microcontroller/microprocessor based system)
CYBERSPACE
 Encompass whole wired/wireless (signal/air) world of communicators
 Term by William Gibson
INTERNET
 Global network of networks (tangible)
WWW
 Most common used of internet
LAN
 LOCAL AREA NETWORK
 Collection of devices connected together in one place (office, home)
WAN
 WIDE AREA NETWORK
 Spans beyond single location
MAN
 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
 Connects computers within metropolitan network
ALL PURPOSE MACHINE ; VARIATIES OF COMPUTERS
SUPERCOMPUTERS
 Fastest computer
 Have thousands of processors
 Used for computer simulations (tracking hurricanes etc)
MAINFRAMES
 Designed to process up to 1 trillion web transactions daily
 Used in large organizations (banks etc)
WORKSTATIONS
 High performance computer system
 Designed for a single user
 More capable than PC but less advanced in server
  Usually used for complex scientific,mathematical and engineering.

MICROCOMPUTERS
PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)
 Tower PC
 Desktop PC
 Laptop/notebook
 PDAs (Personal digital assistants)
MAC
 A PC
MICROCONTROLLERS
 Tiny, specialized microprocessors installed in ‘smart’ appliances and automobiles
 Also called EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
HOW COMPUTER WORKS
DATA (INPUT)
 Raw facts/figures processed into information
INFORMATION (OUTPUT)
 Data been summarized or manipulated
COMPUTER CONSIST OF THE TWO;
HARDWARE
 Machinery and equipment
 Tangible
SOFTWARE
 Instructions that tell the computers how to perform task
 Intangible
 Set of instructions given to computer to solve a problem
 Also called program
FIVE BASIC OPERATIONS THAT COMPUTERS FOLLOW
INPUT
 Whatever is put into ‘input’
INPUT HARDWARE
 Device that allow people to put data in computer
MOUSE
 Input device use to manipulate objects viewed
KEYBOARD
 Input device that converts letter, numbers and others
PROCESSING
 Manipulating data into information
CASE OR SYSTEM CABINET
 Processor chip (CPU)
 Memory chip (RAM)
 Motherboard with power supply
 Secondary storage devices
 Videocard
MOTHERBOARD
 Main circuit board in computer
 Everything attach through connection is called ports
EXPANSION SLOTS “Plugs” for expanding the PC’s capabilities

PROCESSING

 Processor chip
 Tiny silicon with millions miniature electronic circuits

STORAGE
PRIMARY STORAGE
 Circuity that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed
 Also called;
 Memory/primary memory
 RAM (Random Access Memory)
 Temporary storage

SECONDARY STORAGE
 Data or information is held permanently
 Also called STORAGE
STORAGE CAPACITY
 1 byte - 1 character is represented using 1byte.
= 8 bits (a bit is a 0 or a 1)
 1 kilobyte - 1,024 characters.
= 210 bytes (approx. 103 bytes)
 1 megabyte - 1,048,576 characters.
= 220 bytes (approx. 106 bytes)
 1 gigabyte - more than 1 billion characters.
= 230 bytes (approx. 109 bytes)
 1 terabyte - more than 1 trillion characters.
= 240 bytes (approx. 1012 bytes)
STORAGE

HARD DISK DRIVE

 Storage device, stores billions of characters of data in nonremovable disk plater
CD (COMPUTER DISK) DRIVE / DVD (DIGITAL VIDEO DISK) DRIVE
 Uses laser technology to read data

FLASH MEMORY STICK

OUTPUT
SPEAKER – Device that plays sound (electrical signals). Its output requires a;
SOUNDCARD
 Enhances computers sound-generating capabilities

MONITOR – Display device, takes electrical signals from video card and forms image

PRINTER – Produce text and graphics on paper

COMMUNICATIONS
MODEM
 Sends and receives data over telephone lines to computer
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 Helps perform essential operating task
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
 Enables perform specific task (MS APPS)

3 DIRECTIONS OF COMMUNICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

CONNECTIVITY
 Ability to connect computer to one another
INTERACTIVITY
 Two-way communication, user can respond to info
MULTIMEDIA
 Tech that presents information in more than one medium
WHEN COMPUTERS & COMMUNICATIONS COMBINE
CONVERGENCE
 Combining several industries through various devices
PORTABILITY
 Ability to be easily carried/moved
PERSONALIZATION
 Creation of information tailored to your preference