Test Bank For Introductory Statistics 3rd Edition Robert N Gould Rebecca Wong Colleen Ryan 2

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Ch. 7 Survey Sampling and Inference
7.1 Learning about the World through Surveys
1 Identify Populations, Samples, Parameters of Interest, and Statistics
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Fill in the blank to complete the statement.

1) The collection of the ages of all the U.S. first ladies when they married is a .
A) Population B) Sample C) Parameter D) Statistic
Answer: A
2) Suppose that the age of all the U.S. first ladies when they married was recorded. The mean age of U.S. first
ladies when they married would be a .
Answer: C
3) Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of women when they marry for the first time so they
survey 500 married or divorced women and ask them how old they were when they first married. The collection
of the ages of the 500 women when they first
married is a .
Answer: B
4) Suppose that the age of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office was recorded. The collection of the
ages of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office is a .
Answer: A
5) The mean age of all the U. S. vice presidents when they took office would be a .
Answer: C
6) Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of men when they marry for the first time so they
survey 500 married or divorced men and ask them how old they were when they first married. The mean of
age of the 500 men when they married for the first time would be a .
Answer: D
7) Researchers want to find out which U. S. movie has the most positive audience reaction for the current week.
As they exited a randomly selected movie theater, movie -goers were asked to give the movie they had just
viewed a letter grade of A, B, C, D, or F. In this scenario, the movie-goers are an example of a .
A) Sample B) Population C) Variable
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

8) The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing to fund a
new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?
A) The deacons B) The congregation
C) The survey respondents D) None of these
Answer: B
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Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer the question.
9) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the timeliness of its subscription service.
The publisher finds that only 5% of the subscribers responded. This 5% represents what?
A) The population B) The sample
Answer: B
10) A magazine publisher always mails out a questionnaire six months before a subscription ends. This
questionnaire asks its subscribers if they are going to renew their subscriptions. On average, only 7% of the
subscribers respond to the questionnaire. Of the 7% who do respond, an average of 44% say that they will
renew their subscription. This 7% who respond to the questionnaire are known as what?
A) The population B) The sample
Answer: B
11) A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber -optic Ethernet
cables that the computer department just received. The computer department received 7 boxes containing 50
cables each. The manager does not have the time to test every cable in each box. The manager will choose one
box at random and test 10 cables chosen randomly within that box. What is the population?
A) 350 cables
B) The one box that was chosen at random from the 7 boxes
C) The 7 boxes
D) The 10 cables chosen randomly for testing
Answer: A
12) A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber -optic Ethernet
cables that computer department just received. The computer department received 3 boxes containing 50
cables each. The manager does not have the time to test every cable in each box. The manager will choose one
box at random and test 10 cables chosen randomly within that box. What is the sample?
A) The 10 cables chosen for testing
B) The one box that was chosen at random from the 3 boxes
C) The 3 boxes
D) 150 cables
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

13) All daily maximum temperatures in August last year for all major U.S. cities were recorded. The mean of all
maximum temperatures would be a _____________.
Answer: C
14) Understand survey terminology] Researchers are interested in learning more about the age of young adults
who watch a certain television program. By interviewing people at a shopping mall, they can identify people
who watch this show. The collection of the ages of these young adults who watch this television program is a
_____________.
Answer: B
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15) A factory manager is monitoring the quality of production of a small battery powered toy. The factory
produces 600 toys in an hour. Thirty toys are tested from each hourʹs production. Which one of the following
statements is the most accurate?
A) The toys being tested are the sample and the sample size is 30. All toys produced in that hour is the
population.
B) The toys being tested are the population. All toys produced in that hour is the sample and the sample size
is 600.
C) The toys being tested are the sample. The factoryʹs total production is the population.
D) None of these statements accurately describe this situation.
Answer: A
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
16) Explain the difference between a population and a sample. Give an example of each.
Answer: A population is a group of objects or people which are being studied. A population is a total collection.
A sample is a collection of objects or people taken from the population of interest. Examples will vary.
17) Describe the importance of how survey questions are phrased – in particular, the effect on the sample results.
Explain how such a sample may not be reflective of the population.
Answer: A persuasive survey question will result in biased results, which may not accurately reflect the true
sentiments of the population. A confusing question with multiple negatives and irrelevant information
can result in inaccurate responses.
2 Determine Whether Sampling Methods are Likely to Result in Representative or Biased Samples
Provide an appropriate response.

1) Frances is interested in whether students at his college would like to see a portion of the campus preserved as
green space. Using student identification numbers, he randomly contacts 300 students and receives a response
from 75. Of those who responded, 64% favored the preservation of green space on campus. This scenario is
describing what type of sampling bias?
A) Measurement bias B) Gender bias
C) Voluntary response bias D) Nonresponse bias
Answer: D
2) Max is interested in whether there is community interest in having local musicians perform music in the park
in the evenings during the summer. Max goes to the park for several evenings in a row. He sets up a booth
with a sign ʺGive your opinion on musicʺ. He asks people visiting the park whether they would like to hear
music in the evening. Out of the 200 people he surveys, 58% respond favorably. This scenario is describing
what type of sampling bias?
A) Measurement bias B) Gender bias
C) Voluntary response bias D) Nonresponse bias
Answer: C
3) Before opening a new dealership, an auto manufacturer wants to gather information about car ownership and
driving habits of the local residents. The marketing manager of the company randomly selects 1000 households
from all households in the area and mails a questionnaire to them. Of the 1000 surveys mailed, she receives 135
back. Determine the type of bias.
A) Nonresponse bias B) Measurement bias
C) Gender bias D) Voluntary response bias
Answer: A
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4) You are receiving a large shipment of light bulbs and want to test their lifetimes. These light bulbs are for use in
company offices. Explain whether you would want to test a sample of light bulbs or the entire population.
A) You want to test a sample of light bulbs. If you tested them all until they burned out, no usable light bulbs
would be left.
B) You want to test a sample of light bulbs. If you tested them all, it would not provide the correct data.
C) You want to test all of the light bulbs. If you tested only a sample, it would not provide the correct data.
D) You want to test all of the light bulbs. If you tested only a sample until those burned out, too many light
bulbs would be left.
Answer: A
5) Suppose you want to estimate the mean SAT scores of all of the seniors at your local high school. You setup a
table in the auditorium at graduation practice. The table is labeled “Senior Survey”. The students are asked to
volunteer to their SAT scores. Do you think you would get a representative sample? Why or why not?
A) This would be a biased sample. Some seniors may not be there for various reasons so you would be
missing their data. Also, students with low SATs would be less willing to report their SAT score.
B) .This would be a biased sample. There would be no volunteers available in auditorium. Also, students
with high SATs would be less willing to report their SAT score.
C) This would be a representative sample. Volunteers are willing to report their SAT score no matter how
well they did on the test.
D) This would be a representative sample. Senior boys are the only volunteers you need for your study.
Answer: A
6) Explain the difference between sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement. Suppose
you have 8 uniquely colored balls, each the same size, and want to select two balls. Describe both
procedures.
A) First, all 8 balls are put in a bag. Then one is drawn out and noted.“With replacement”: The ball that is
selected is replaced in the bag, and a second draw is done. It is possible that the same ball could be picked
twice.“Without replacement”: After the first ball is drawn out, it is not replaced, and the second draw
must be a different ball.
B) First, all 8 balls are put in a bag. Then one is drawn out and noted.“Without replacement”: After the first
ball is drawn out, it is not replaced, and the second draw must be a different ball. “With replacement”:
The ball that is selected is replaced in the bag, and a second draw is done. It is possible that the same ball
could be picked twice.
C) First, all 8 balls are put in a bag. Then two are drawn out and noted.“With replacement”: The balls that
are selected are replaced in the bag. It is possible that the same two balls could be picked twice.“Without
replacement”: After the balls are drawn out, they are not replaced.
D) First, all 8 balls are put in a bag. Then two are drawn out and noted.“With replacement”: After the balls
are drawn out, they are not replaced. “Without replacement”: The balls that are selected are replaced in
the bag. It is possible that the same two balls could be picked twice.
Answer: A
TRUE/FALSE. Write ʹTʹ if the statement is true and ʹFʹ if the statement is false.
7) True or False?
Simple random sampling is usually done with replacement.
Answer: FALSE
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3 Use Random Number Tables to Select Random Samples

1) The government of a town needs to determine if the cityʹs residents will support the construction of a new
town hall. The government decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the cityʹs residents. Which one of the
following procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the townʹs residents?
A) Survey a random sample of persons within each geographic region of the city.
B) Survey a random sample of employees at the old city hall.
C) Survey every 13th person who walks into city hall on a given day.
D) Survey the first 400 people listed in the townʹs telephone directory.
Answer: A
2) The city council of a small town needs to determine if the townʹs residents will support the building of a new
library. The council decides to conduct a survey of a sample of the townʹs residents. Which one of the following
procedures would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the townʹs residents?
A) Survey a random sample of persons within each neighborhood of the town.
B) Survey a random sample of librarians who live in the town.
C) Survey 500 individuals who are randomly selected from a list of all people living in the state in which the
town is located.
D) Survey every 11th person who enters the old library on a given day.
Answer: A
3) You need to select a simple random sample of five from seven friends who will participate in a survey. Assume
the friends are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Select five friends, using the two lines of numbers in the next
column from a random number table. Read off each digit, skipping any digit not assigned to one of the friends.
The sampling is without replacement, meaning that you cannot select the same person twice. Write down the
numbers chosen. The first person is number 1.
Which five friends are chosen?

A) 1, 6, 7, 3, 5 B) 0, 9, 1, 0, 6 C) 1, 6, 7, 3, 1 D) 6, 7, 3, 1, 5
Answer: A
4) Assume your family has 25 members and you want a simple random sample of 9 of them. Describe how to
randomly select 8 people from your family using the random number table. Members are choosen without
replacement.
A) Assign each family member a pair of digits 00–24 (or 01–25). Read off pairs of digits from the random
number table. The family members whose digits are called are in the sample. Skip any repeats. Stop
after the first 8 are selected.
B) Assign each family member a pair of digits 00–24 (or 01–25). Read off pairs of digits from the random
number table. The family members whose digits are called are in the sample. Make sure to use repeats.
Stop after the first 8 are selected.
C) Assign each family member a pair of digits 00-08 (or 01–09). Read off pairs of digits from the random
number table. The family members whose digits are called are in the sample. Skip repeats. Stop after the
first 25 are selected.
D) Assign each family member a pair of digits 00-08 (or 01–09). Read off pairs of digits from the random
number table. The family members whose digits are called are in the sample. Make sure to use repeats.
Stop after the first 25 are selected.
Answer: A
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5) Assume your class has 36 students and you want a simple random sample of 10 of them. A student suggests
asking each student to roll a die, and if they roll a 6, then he or she is in your sample. Explain why this is not a
good method. How many student would you expect to get?
A) You would probably not get 10 students in your sample if each student rolled the die; we would expect
about 6 students.
B) You would probably not get 10 students in your sample if each student rolled the die; we would expect
about 4 students.
C) You would probably not get 10 students in your sample if each student rolled the die; we would expect
about 2 students.
D) You would probably not get 10 students in your sample if each student rolled the die; we would expect
about 8 students.
Answer: A
4 Use Surveys to Make Conclusions About the Population
1) A researcher is interested in knowing how many students of a particular college would be interested in having
a sandwich shop open within a block of campus. She surveys 300 students on campus at different times of day
by asking students randomly if they would answer a few questions. She receives a response from 35. Of those
who responded, 65% favored having a sandwich shop within a block of campus. This scenario describes samplin
bias. Which statement most accurately describes the bias?
I. The researcher asked only one question which results in bias.
II. Only students that volunteered responded which could result in bias.
III. Not enough students responded which can result in bias.
A) I only B) III only C) both II and III D) II only
Answer: D
2) Max organizes weekly concerts in the local park. He is interested in knowing what type of music people enjoy.
Before one particular concert, he makes an announcement to the audience, and asks people to visit a web page
and take a survey to vote on whether or not they liked the concert. 75 people take the survey, and 58% respond
favorably. Max claims that 58% of all of those who were at the concert liked the music. This scenario describes
sampling bias. Which statement most accurately describes the bias in Maxʹs method?
I. The Max asked only one question which results in bias.
II. The attendees voluntarily responded which could result in bias.
III. Not enough attendees responded which can result in bias.
A) I only B) II only C) III only D) both II and III
Answer: D
3) Explain the difference between a statistic and a parameter. Give an example of each.
Answer: A statistic is a numerical summary of a sample of data, examples will vary. A parameter is a numerical
value that characterizes some aspect of the population, examples will vary.
4) Frederick is interested in whether residents of his community are opposed to the construction of a party store
on the corner of a busy intersection. He creates a simple random sample of 150 residents in the community.
When this sample is polled, he receives responses from 55 residents. Of those who responded, 60% were
opposed to the construction of the party store in the community so Frederick concludes that the majority of
residents in his community oppose the construction of the party store. Explain what is wrong with this
approach.
Answer: Frederickʹs survey may have nonresponse bias. The residents who chose not to participate may have
different views about the survey topic then those who did respond.
Page 6

5) A township conducts a survey to determine whether voters favor passing a bond to fund a library addition
construction project. All registered voters are called. Of those called, 20% answer the survey call. Of those who
respond, 59% say they favor passing the bond. Give a reason why the township should be confident or
cautious about predicting that the bond will pass.
A) One reason the district should be cautious because of the low survey response rate.
B) One reason the district should be confident because of the low survey response rate.
C) One reason the district should be confident because of the high survey response rate.
D) One reason the district should be cautious because of the high survey response rate.
Answer: A
6) To determine if patrons are satisfied with food quality, a restaurant surveys patrons by placing a paper survey
inside their menus one evening. All patrons receive a menu as are seated at their table. Completed surveys are
placed in boxes at the restaurant exits. On the evening of the survey, 150 patrons ate dinner at the restaurant.
Forty surveys were completed, and 80% of these surveys indicated dissatisfaction with the food. Should the
restaurant conclude that patrons were dissatisfied with food quality? Explain.
A) The survey response might be biased because those who had strong feelings about the food (positive or
negative) may be more likely to return the survey. Also the survey response rate was low (40/150 = 27%).
B) The survey response might be biased because those who had strong feelings about the food (positive or
negative) may be less likely to return the survey. Also the survey response rate was low (40/150 = 27%).
C) The survey response might be slightly biased because those who had strong feelings about the food
(positive or negative) may be more likely to return the survey. Also the survey response rate was
moderate (80/150 = 53%).
D) The survey response might be slightly biased because those who had strong feelings about the food
(positive or negative) may be less likely to return the survey. Also the survey response rate was moderate
(40/80 = 50%).
Answer: A
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7) A random sample was taken from a study of views on euthanasia. In the study, a student asked a question two w
1. With persuasion: “My sister has been in a coma for six years. Her doctor says she is very likely to
come out of the coma and make a full recovery. Now do you support or oppose euthanasia?”
2. Without persuasion: “Do you support or oppose euthanasia?”
Here is a breakdown of her actual data.
Men
With No
Persuasion Persuasion
For euthanasia 7 12
Against
Euthanasia 8 1
Women
With No
For euthanasia 3 6
Against
Euthanasia 7 4
a. What percentage of those persuaded against it support euthanasia?

b. What percentage of those not persuaded against it support euthanasia?
c. Compare the percentages in parts a and b. What should we conclude about the role of persuasian in survey
questioning?
A) a. With persuasion: 10/25 = 40%. b. Without persuasion: 18/23 = 78%. c. As expected, those who received
persuasion seemed to be more likely to oppose euthanasia.
B) a. With persuasion: 12/28 = 64%. b. Without persuasion: 10/28 = 36%. c. As expected, she spoke against it,
but more who heard her statements against it supported euthanasia, compared with those who did not
hear her persuasion.
C) a. With persuasion: 5/20 = 25%. b. Without persuasion: 15/20 = 75%. c. As expected, she spoke against it,
and fewer who heard her statements against it supported euthanasia, compared with those who did not
hear her persuasion .
D) a. With persuasion: 15/20 = 75%. b. Without persuasion: 5/20 =25%. c. Unexpectedly, she spoke against
it, but more who heard her statements against it supported euthanasia, compared with those who did not
hear her persuasion.
Answer: A
8) Use the following tables for the problem.
Men
With No
For euthenasia 7 12
Against
Euthenasia 8 1
Women
With No
For euthenasia 3 6
Against
Euthenasia 7 4
Page 8
A random sample of men and women was taken from a study of views on euthanasia. The result by gender is gi
the tables. Make a single table by combining men for euthanasia into one group, men opposing it into another,
women for it into one group, and women opposing it into another. Show your table. The student who collected
the data could have made the results misleading by trying persuasion more often on one gender than on the othe
She used persuasion on 10 of 20 women (50%) and on 15 of 28 men (54%).
a. What percentage of the men support euthanasia? What percentage of the women support it?
b. On the basis of these results, if you were in a coma and did not want to be euthanized, would you want
a someone who is a man or a woman in charge of your fate?
A) Men Women
For Euthanasia 19 9
Against
Euthanasia 9 11
a. 19/28 = 68% of men are for euthanasia, 9/20 = 45% of women are for euthanasia.
b. You would want a woman in charge of your fate.
B) Men Women
For Euthanasia 9 11
Against
Euthanasia 19 9
b. You would want a man in charge of your fate.
C) Men Women
For Euthanasia 9 19
Against
Euthanasia 11 9
b. You would want a man in charge of your fate.
D) Men Women
For Euthanasia 11 9
Against
Euthanasia 9 19
b. You would want a woman in charge of your fate.
Answer: A
7.2 Measuring the Quality of a Survey

1 Understand Bias and Precision
Solve the problem.

1) If it is being used to make inferences about a population, a good statistic (or estimator) should
A) Be derived from population data. B) Be accurate and precise.
C) Show correlation. D) None of these.
Answer: B
Page 9
2) Which of the following statements is not true about a sampling distribution?
A) It is the probability distribution of a statistic.
B) It is used for making inferences about a population.
C) It tells us how often we can expect to see particular values of our estimator.
D) All these statements are true.
Answer: D
3) Which of the following statements is not true about a sampling distribution?

A) It gives probabilities for a statistic.
B) It gives characteristics of the estimator, such as bias and precision.
C) It is used for making inferences about a sample.
D) It is the probability distribution of a statistic.
Answer: C
4) According to a snack cracker manufacturer, a batch of butter crackers has a defect rate of 8%. Suppose a quality
inspector randomly inspects 500 crackers. Complete the following statement: The quality inspector should
expect defective crackers, give or take crackers.
A) 60; 16 B) 40; 6 C) 40; 16 D) 60; 12
Answer: B
5) According to a snack cracker manufacturer, a batch of butter crackers has a defect rate of 6%. Suppose a quality
inspector randomly inspects 400 crackers. Complete the following statement: The quality inspector should
expect defective crackers, give or take crackers.
A) 45; 6 B) 24; 5 C) 25; 12 D) 48; 5
Answer: B
6) There are four colors in a bag containing 500 plastic chips. It is known that 28% of the chips are green. On
average, how many chips from a random sample of 50 (with replacement) would be expected to be green?
A) 18
B) 28
C) 14
D) Not enough information to determine expected value.
Answer: C
7) There are four colors in a bag containing 600 plastic chips. It is known that 34% of the chips are yellow. On
average, how many chips from a random sample of 30 (with replacement) would be expected to be yellow?
Round to the nearest whole chip.
A) About 5
B) About 10
C) About 16
D) Not enough information to determine expected value.
Answer: B
Use the following information to answer the question. A pescatarian is a person who eats fish and seafood but no other
animal. An event planner does some research and finds that approximately 2.75% of the people in the area where a large
event is to be held are pescatarian. Treat the 250 guests expected at the event as a simple random sample from the local
population of about 150,000.
8) On average, what proportion of the guests would be expected to be pescatarian, give or take how many?
Round to the nearest whole person.
A) There is not enough information given to calculate expected value.
B) 6 people, give or take 5 people
C) 8 people, give or take 4 people
D) 7 people, give or take 3 people
Answer: D
Page 10
Use the following information to answer the question. A pollotarian is a person who eats poultry but no red meat. A
wedding planner does some research and finds that approximately 3.5% of the people in the area where a large wedding
is to be held are pollotarian. Treat the 300 guests expected at the wedding as a simple random sample from the local
9) On average, what proportion of the guests would be expected to be pollotarian, give or take how many? Round
to the nearest whole person.
A) There is not enough information given to calculate expected value.
B) 20 people, give or take 5 people
C) 15 people, give or take 4 people
D) 11 people, give or take 3 people
Answer: D
Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck
drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once.
10) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all home delivery truck drivers who have
encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once? Round to the nearest ten-thousandth.
A) 0.1322 B) 0.0132 C) 0.0002 D) 0.0141
Answer: B
Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1200 randomly selected adult office workers,
32% said they had worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once.
11) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all American adult office workers that have
worn a Halloween costume to the office? Round to the nearest ten -thousandth.
A) 0.0002 B) 0.0135 C) 0.4672 D) 0.0143
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

12) If you use an instrument to measure 1 ml of water and do it 3 times, weighing the water each time, you get
0.751, 0.753, and 0.750 grams. One ml of water should weigh 1.0 grams. The measurements are _________.
A) accurate but not precise B) precise but not accurate
C) both precise and accurate D) neither precise nor accurate
Answer: B
13) Which of the following statements is characteristics of the sampling distribution of a sample proportion?
A) It is the probability distribution of a parameter.
B) It cannot be used for making inferences about a population.
C) The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is the same as the standard deviation of the
population from which the data were sampled.
D) The mean of the sampling distribution is the same as the mean of the population from which the data
were sampled.
Answer: D
^
14) The bias of p is zero if certain conditions are met. Identify which condition is not required.
I. The sample is randomly selected from the population of interest.
II. The population must be at least 100 times bigger than the sample size.
III. The standard error of the sampling distribution is the same as the standard deviation of the population.
IV. The mean of the sampling distribution is the mean of the population from which the data were sampled.
A) I only B) II only C) II and III D) I and IV
Answer: C
Page 11
15) A survey recently reported that 35% of U.S. citizens believe that we never landed on the moon. The pertinent
question in the survey was ʺDo you think it was possible or impossible that the event of the U.S. landing on the
moon never happened?ʺ Select the most accurate statement about this survey.
A) The question worded in a confusing way caused measurement bias.
B) The question worded in a confusing way caused sampling bias.
C) The question worded in a confusing way caused response bias.
D) The results are significant.
Answer: A
16) A sampling method should be as precise and accurate as possible. Explain what these two terms mean and
how each is measured.
Answer: Precision means that sampling results are consistent when a sampling method is repeated. The precision
of a sampling method is measured by the standard error. Accuracy means sampling results are centered
around the population parameter. Accuracy is measured in terms of bias.
2 Find the Error in a Sample

1) What generally happens to the sampling error as the sample size is increased?
A) It gets smaller. B) It gets larger.
C) It gets more predictable. D) It gets less predictable.
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

2) A group of screwdrivers produced in a day at a particular factory has a defect rate of 0.7%. Suppose a quality
inspector randomly inspects 500 screwdrivers. Complete the following statement: The quality inspector should
expect ____defective screwdrivers, with an error of ____.
A) 35; 0.4% B) 3.5; 0.4% C) 1; 4.0% D) 1; 0.4%
Answer: B
3) A group of battery powered toys produced in a day at a factory has a defect rate of 0.5%. Suppose a quality
inspector randomly inspects 200 of the toys. Complete the following statement: The quality inspector should
expect ____defective toys, with an error of ____.
A) 1; 5% B) 10; 5% C) 1; 0.5% D) 10; 0.5%
Answer: C
4) There are five colors available in each bag of Skittles. It is known that the 18% of the Skittles are red. On
average, how many Skittles from a random sample of 40 (with replacement) would be expected to be red?
Round to the nearest whole Skittle.
A) About 1 B) About 7 C) About 16 D) About 8
Answer: B
A marble manufacturer advertises that its bags of marbles will contain 25% ʺmilky -whiteʺ marbles. Suppose that a bag
containing 80 marbles is inspected.
5) What value should we expect for our sampling percentage of milky -white marbles? How many marbles would
this be? Round to the nearest whole marble.
Answer: 25%; 20 milky-white marbles
Page 12
6) What is the standard error? Round to the nearest tenth of a percent.
Answer: 4.8%
7) Use your answers to fill in the blanks: We expect ________% milky -white marbles, give or take ________%.
Answer: 25%; 4.8%
7.3 The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions

1 Use the Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions
Solve the problem.

1) Suppose that New Mexico lawmakers survey 160 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor
stricter laws regarding motorcycle helmet use for riders over the age of 17. The lawmakers believe the
population proportion in favor of changing the law is 6% (based on historical data and previous votes). Which
of the following conditions for the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
B) Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
C) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
D) None of these, all the conditions of the CLT are met.
Answer: A
2) Suppose that Illinois lawmakers survey 130 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor charging a
deposit on aluminum cans to encourage recycling. The lawmakers believe the population proportion in favor of
changing the law is 93% (based on historical data and previous votes). Which of the following conditions for
the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
C) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
Answer: A
Use the following information to answer the question. A pollotarian is a person who eats poultry but no red meat. A
wedding planner does some research and finds that approximately 3.5% of the people in the area where a large wedding
is to be held are pollotarian. Treat the 300 guests expected at the wedding as a simple random sample from the local
3) Suppose the wedding planner assumes that 5% of the guests will be pollotarian so she orders 15 pollotarian
meals. What is the approximate probability that more than 5% of the guests are pollotarian and therefore she
will not have enough pollotarian meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0.079 B) 0.421 C) 0.489 D) None of these
Answer: A
4) Suppose the wedding planner assumes that only 3% of the guests will be pollotarian so she orders 9 pollotarian
meals. What is the approximate probability that she will have too many pollotarian meals? Round to the
nearest thousandth.
A) 0.477 B) 0.681 C) 0.319 D) 0.251
Answer: C
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Use the following information to answer the question. A pescatarian is a person who eats fish and seafood but no other
animal. An event planner does some research and finds that approximately 2.75% of the people in the area where a large
event is to be held are pescatarian. Treat the 250 guests expected at the event as a simple random sample from the local
5) Suppose the event planner assumes that 4% of the guests will be pescatarian so he orders 10 pescatarian meals.
What is the approximate probability that more than 4% of the guests are pescatarian and that he will not have
enough pescatarian meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.
A) 0.387 B) 0.113 C) 0.470 D) None of these
Answer: B
6) Suppose the event planner assumes that only 1.6% of the guests will be pescatarian so he orders 4 pescatarian
meals. What is the approximate probability that he will have too many pescatarian meals? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
A) 0.613 B) 0.387 C) 0.113 D) 0.245
Answer: C
Solve the problem.

7) It is thought that 10% of all children have some level of nearsightedness. 200 randomly selected children,
selected without replacement, had their eyesight tested. Can the Central Limit Theorem be used to find a good
approximation of the probability that more than 15% of the children will be nearsighted? Which statement is not
I.Relative to the population, the sample is not large enough.
II. The sample does not need to be randomized since all children are likely to have vision problems.
III. Sample size should be large enough so np >10 and nq>10. This condition is met.
A) I only B) I and II C) II and III D) I and III
Answer: B
8) A survey investigates whether residents of a certain city support an educational tax increase. Which of the
following statements are true?
A) The true proportion of ʺYesʺ in the population is p.
B) The proportion of ʺYesʺ in one sample of size n will be close to p if the Central Limit Theorem conditions
are satisfied.
C) The proportions of ʺYesʺ in many samples of size n will be approximately normally distributed with
mean = p and standard deviation equal to the square root of p*(1 -p)/n.
D) All of these statements are true.
Answer: D
9) According to the manufacturer of the candy Skittles, 20% of the candy produced are red. If we take a random
sample of 100 bags of Skittles, what is the probability that the proportion in our sample of red candies will be
less than 20%? Which statement, if any, is not true for the conditions to use the Central Limit Theorem?
A) The success/failure conditions are satisfied.
B) The sample size is small compared to the population.
C) Though not from a random sample, we can assume that the bags are representative of the population.
D) All of these statements are true.
Answer: D
10) Suppose that Illinois lawmakers survey 130 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor charging a
deposit on aluminum cans to encourage recycling. The lawmakers believe the population proportion in favor of
changing the law is 93% (based on historical data and previous votes). Which of the following conditions for
the Central Limit theorem are not met?
A) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected failures.
C) The population proportion is too small and will not have enough expected successes.
Answer: A
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11) According to the manufacturer of the candy Skittles, 25% of the candy produced are green. If we take a random
sample of 10 bags of Skittles, what is the probability that the proportion in our sample of green candies will be
more than 25%? Which statement, if any, is true for the conditions to use the Central Limit Theorem?
A) The success/failure conditions may not be satisfied.
B) The sample size is small compared to the population.
C) Though not from a random sample, we can assume that the bags are representative of the
population.
D) All of these statements are not true.
Answer: A
12) Suppose that Michigan lawmakers survey 500 randomly selected registered voters to see if they favor an
extension of the fall duck hunting season. The lawmakers believe the population proportion in favor of
extending the duck hunting season is 45% (based on historical data and previous votes). State the three
conditions of the Central Limit Theorem and explain whether each condition is satisfied in this scenario.
Answer: Sample is random and independent—it is stated that this is a random sample and voters are
independent. The sample is large—a sample of 500 is large enough since it will have at least 10 successes
and failures (0.45 × 500 ≥. 10 and 0.55 × 500 ≥. 10). The population is big—A sample of 500 is large
enough because the population is at least ten times larger.
An event planner does some research and finds that in the area where a large childrenʹs event is to be held,
approximately 1.75% of the children are lactose intolerant. Treat the 250 children expected at the event as a simple
random sample from the local population of about 100,000 children.
13) On average, how many of the children attending the event would be expected to be lactose intolerant, give or
take how many? Round to the nearest whole person.
Answer: 4 children, give or take 2 children.
14) Suppose the event planner assumes that 2.8% of the children attending the event will be lactose intolerant so he
orders 7 lactose-free meals. What is the approximate probability that more than 2.8% of the children attending
the event are lactose intolerant and that he will not have enough lactose-free meals? Round to the nearest
thousandth.
Answer: 0.103
15) Suppose the event planner assumes that only 0.8% of the children attending the event will be lactose intolerant
so he orders 2 lactose-free meals. What is the approximate probability that he will have too many lactose-free
meals? Round to the nearest thousandth.
Answer: 0.126
7.4 Estimating the Population Proportion with Confidence Intervals

1 Find Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
Solve the problem.

1) Which of the following statements is true about the confidence interval for a population proportion?
A) The end points of the confidence interval are equal to the population proportion plus -or-minus a
calculated amount called the standard error.
B) The end points of the confidence interval are equal to the sample proportion plus -or-minus a calculated
amount called the margin of error.
C) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.
D) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.
Answer: B
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2) Complete the statements by filling in the blank. When constructing a confidence interval, to increase the level
of confidence, you must ________ [increase/decrease] the margin of error and the confidence interval will be
_________ [narrower/wider]. A larger sample size will improve the precision of the confidence interval,
therefore, all things being equal, a larger sample size will result in a __________ [smaller/larger] margin of error
and the confidence interval will be _________ [narrower/wider].
A) Decrease, narrower. Larger, wider. B) Decrease, wider. Larger, narrower
C) Increase, narrower. Larger, wider. D) Increase, wider. Smaller, narrower.
Answer: D
Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1200 randomly selected adult office workers,
32% said they had worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once.
3) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true population proportion of
adult office workers who have worn a Halloween costume to the office at least once? (Round to the nearest
thousandth)
A) 0.158 B) 0.053 C) 0.013 D) 0.026
Answer: D
4) Report the 95% confidence interval for the percentage of all adult office workers who have worn a Halloween
costume to the office at least once. (Round final calculations to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) (28.0%, 36.1%) B) (30.7%, 33.4%) C) (29.4%, 34.6%) D) None of these
Answer: C
Use the following information to answer the question. In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck
drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once.
5) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true population percentage of
home delivery truck drivers who have encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once? (Round to the
nearest thousandth)
A) 0.026 B) 0.013 C) 0.004 D) 0.053
Answer: A
6) Report the 95% confidence interval for the percentage of all home delivery truck drivers who have encountered
an aggressive dog on the job at least once. (Round final calculations to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) (24.7 %, 27.3%) B) (23.4%, 28.6%) C) (20.7%, 31.3%) D) None of these
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

7) A random sample of 830 adult television viewers showed that 52% planned to watch sporting event X. The
margin of error is 3 percentage points with a 95% confidence. Does the confidence interval support the claim
that the majority of adult television viewers plan to watch sporting event X? Why?
A) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 49% and 55%. The true proportion
could be less than 50%.
B) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 50.5% and 53.5%. The lower limit of the
confidence interval is just too close to 50% to say for sure.
C) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 50.5% and 53.5%. This is strong
evidence that the true proportion is greater than 50%
D) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 49% and 55%. Since the confidence
interval is mostly above 50% it is likely that the true proportion is greater than 50%.
Answer: A
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8) A random sample of 950 adult television viewers showed that 48% planned to watch sporting event X. The
margin of error is 4 percentage points with a 95% confidence. Does the confidence interval support the claim
that the majority of adult television viewers plan to watch sporting event X? Why?
A) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
television viewers who plan to watch sporting event X is between 44% and 52%.
B) No; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
C) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
D) Yes; the confidence interval means that we are 95% confident that the population proportion of adult
Answer: C
9) Suppose that in a recent poll of 1200 adults between the ages of 35 and 45, 38% surveyed said they have
thought about getting elective plastic surgery. Find the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of adults
ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective plastic surgery then choose the correct interpretation.
(Round to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) The population proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective plastic surgery
is between 35.2% and 40.7%, with a confidence level of 95%.
B) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective
plastic surgery is between 35.2% and 40.7%.
C) The population proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective plastic surgery
is between 28.5% and 47.5%, with a confidence level of 95%.
D) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about getting elective
plastic surgery is between 28.5% and 47.5%.
Answer: A
Find the required confidence interval.

10) Suppose that in a recent poll of 900 adults between the ages of 35 and 45, 22% surveyed said they have thought
about participating in an extreme sport such as bungee jumping. Find the 95% confidence interval for the
proportion of adults ages 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in an extreme sport such as bungee
jumping then choose the correct interpretation. (Round to the nearest tenth of a percent)
A) The population proportion of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in an extreme
sport such as bungee jumping is between 13.9% and 30.1%, with a confidence level of 95%.
B) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in
an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 13.9% and 30.1%.
C) There is a 95% chance that the population of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in
an extreme sport such as bungee jumping is between 19.3% and 24.7%.
D) The population proportion of adults aged 35 to 45 who have thought about participating in an extreme
sport such as bungee jumping is between 19.3% and 24.7%, with a confidence level of 95%.
Answer: D
11) A researcher wishes to estimate the proportion of adults in the city of Darby who are vegetarian. In a random
sample of 1,613 adults from this city, the proportion that are vegetarian is 0.075. Find a 90% confidence interval
for the proportion of all adults in the city of Darby that are vegetarians.
A) (0.0642, 0.0858) B) (0.0684, 0.0816) C) (0.0666, 0.0834) D) (0.0545, 0.0955)
Answer: A
12) In a sample of 517 patients who underwent a certain type of surgery, 17% experienced complications. Find a
90% confidence interval for the proportion of all those undergoing this surgery who experience complications.
A) (0.1428, 0.1972) B) (0.1535, 0.1865) C) (0.1488, 0.1912) D) (0.1338, 0.2062)
Answer: A
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Answer the question.
A) It is equal to the population proportion plus-or-minus a calculated amount called the standard error.
B) It is equal to the sample proportion plus-or-minus a calculated amount called the margin of error.
C) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.
D) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.
Answer: B
14) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

When constructing a confidence interval, if the level of confidence increases, the margin of error must _____
[increase/decrease] and the confidence interval will be _____ [narrower/wider].
A) Decrease, narrower. B) Decrease, wider.
C) Increase; narrower. D) Increase; wider.
Answer: D

A larger sample size will improve the precision of the confidence interval, therefore, assuming no other values ch
the margin of error will _____ [increase/decrease] and the confidence interval will be _____ [narrower/wider].
A) Increase, wider. B) Increase, narrower.
C) Decrease, wider. D) Decrease; narrower.
Answer: D

When constructing a confidence interval, if the level of confidence decreases, the margin of error will _________
[increase/decrease]and the confidence interval will be _________ [narrower/wider].
A) Decrease, wider. B) Decrease, narrower
C) Increase; wider. D) Increase; narrower.
Answer: B

When constructing a confidence interval, collecting a larger sample will assuming no other values change _____
[increase/decrease] the margin of error and the confidence interval will be _________ [narrower/wider].
A) Increase; narrower. B) Increase; wider.
C) Decrease, narrower D) Decrease, wider.
Answer: C
From a random sample of workers at a large corporation you find that 58% of 200 went on a vacation last year away from
home for at least a week.
18) An approximate 95% confidence interval is (0.50, 0.66). A student said this means 95% of the workers fall in the
interval 0.50 to 0.66. What is the correct interpretation?
A) 95% of the coworkers fall in the interval (0.50, 0.66).
B) We are 95% confident that the proportion of coworkers who went on a vacation last year away from
home for at least a week is between 50% and 66%.
C) There is a 95% chance that a random selected coworker has gone on a vacation last year away from home
for at least a week.
D) We are 95% confident that between 50% and 66% of the samples will have a proportion near 58%.
Answer: B
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19) Which of the following statements are correct concerning the 95% confidence interval of (0.50, 0.66) of
coworkers who went on a vacation last year away from home for at least a week?
A) If the sample size is 500 instead of 200, the confidence interval will be larger.
B) A maximum of 66% of the coworkers went on a vacation last year away from home for at least a week.
C) If the confidence level were changed from 95% to 99%, the confidence interval would become wider.
D) If the confidence level were changed from 95% to 90%, the confidence interval would become wider.
Answer: C
20) What is the margin of error for the 95% confidence interval of (0.50, 0.66) of coworkers who went on a vacation
last year away from home for at least a week?
A) 0.08 B) 0.16 C) 0.58 D) 0.04
Answer: A
In a recent poll of 1100 randomly selected home delivery truck drivers, 26% said they had encountered an aggressive dog
on the job at least once.
21) What is the standard error for the estimate of the proportion of all home delivery truck drivers who have
encountered an aggressive dog on the job at least once? Round to the nearest ten-thousandth.
A) 0.1322 B) 0.0132 C) 0.0002 D) 0.0141
Answer: B
Solve the problem.

22) Is it plausible that more than 10% of Americans believe in aliens? A random sample of 2000 adult Americans
were surveyed and 15% of them said that they believed in aliens. Find the 95% confidence interval for the
proportion of Americans who believe in aliens then choose the correct interpretation. (Round to the nearest
tenth of a percent)
A) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 1.6% with a confidence
level of 95%. The interval is higher than 10% and therefore, it is plausible that more than 10% of
Americans believe in aliens.
B) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 1.6% with a confidence
level of 95%. The interval includes 10% and therefore, it is plausible that at least 10% of Americans believe
in aliens.
C) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 10% +/- 1.6% with a confidence
level of 95%. The interval includes 10% and therefore, it is plausible that at least 10% of Americans believe
in aliens.
D) The population proportion of Americans who believe in aliens is between 15% +/- 0.8% with a confidence
level of 95%. The interval does not include 10% and therefore, it is not plausible that at least 10% of
Americans believe in aliens.
Answer: A
A) The confidence interval for a proportion will always contain the true population proportion.
B) The confidence interval for a proportion does not need a specified confidence level.
C) It is equal to the population proportion plus-or-minus the standard error.
D) It is equal to the sample proportion plus-or-minus a calculated amount called the margin of error.
Answer: D
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24) Suppose a city manager conducts a poll and finds that a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of residents
who support parking restrictions during snow removal periods as 63% to 71%. Explain the meaning of the 95%
confidence level and what the interval represents.
Answer: The 95% indicates that if many polls were taken, 95% of them would result in confidence intervals that
include the true population proportion of residents that support parking restrictions during snow
removal. The interval represents a population estimate +/- a margin of error which depends on the
confidence level (95%) and the sample size.
25) Explain the difference between the standard error of a sample proportion and the margin of error of a
confidence interval for a population proportion.
Answer: The margin of error is an amount that is added and subtracted from the estimate which provides the
range of plausible values around the sample proportion base on a chosen level of confidence. The
standard error measures the variability of the sample proportion as it varies from sample to sample. It is
not about the variability of a particular sample.
In a recent poll of 900 randomly selected adults, 37% reported that they could not swim 24 yards (the length of a typical
gymnasium lap pool).
26) What is the margin of error, using a 95% confidence level, for estimating the true proportion of adults who
self-report that they cannot swim 24 yards? Round to the nearest thousandth.
Answer: 0.032
27) Report the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of adults who self-report that they cannot swim 24
yards. Round final calculations to the nearest tenth of a percent.
Answer: The upper limit would be 37% + 3.2% = 40.2%. The lower limit would be 37% – 3.2% = 33.8%.
(33.8%, 40.2%)
Solve the problem.

28) A survey of 800 randomly selected senior citizens showed that 55% said they planned to watch an upcoming
political debate on television. The margin of error for the 95% confidence interval is 3.5 percentage points. Does
the confidence interval support the claim that the majority of senior citizens plan to watch the upcoming
political debate on television? Explain why or why not.
Answer: Yes, a confidence interval of 55% ± 3.5% would include plausible population parameter values that are
greater than 50% so the claim would not be unreasonable.
29) Suppose that you and a friend read the following statement in a news report, ʺA recent poll found that 54% of
voters, give or take 3%, plan to vote for candidate X in the next election (with a confidence level of 95%)ʺ. Your
friend then makes the statement, ʺHey, look, thereʹs a 95% chance that somewhere between 51% and 57% of
voters plan to vote for candidate X!ʺ How would you explain to your friend why his statement is incorrect, be
sure to provide your friend with the correct interpretation of the confidence interval.
Answer: Answers will vary, but should reference the fact that there is no chance that the population parameter
will change, which is implied when one interprets a confidence level as a probability. The correct
interpretation is that the proportion of voters who plan to vote for candidate X is between 51% and 57%,
with a confidence level of 95% which means the process used to produce the interval will capture the
true population proportion 95% of the time.
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30) A research organization conducted a study to estimate the percentage of people in Country X who do not
use the internet.
a. If a 95% confidence level is used, how many people should be included in the survey if the researchers
wanted to have a margin of error of 5%?
b. How would the sample size change if the researchers wanted to estimate the percentage with a margin
of error of 2%?
A) a. 1/(0.05) 2 = 400 people, b. 1/(0.02) 2 = 2500 people
B) a. 1/0.05 = 20 people, b. 1/0.02 = 50 people
C) a. 502 = 2500 people, b. 202 = 400 people
D) a. 5 2 = 25 people, b. 2 2 = 4 people
Answer: A
31) In a study, researchers wanted to estimate the percentage of high school boys who planned to major in a
STEM field.
b. If they decrease the number of study participants and change nothing else, will their margin of error need to b
smaller or larger?
A) a. 1/(0.04) 2 = 625 boys, b. They could increase their margin of error. This would decrease the number of
study participants needed.
B) a. 1/(0.04) 2 = 625 boys, b. They could decrease their margin of error. This would decrease the number of
C) a. 402 = 1600 boys, b. They could decrease their margin of error. This would decrease the number of
D) a. 402 = 1600 boys, b. They could increase their margin of error. This would decrease the number of study
participants needed.
Answer: A
32) A research organization conducted a study to estimate the percentage of people in Country X who have
health insurance.
b. How many people would be required if the researchers wanted to estimate the percentage with a margin of er
7%?
c. What is the relationship between the size of the margin of error and the sample size?
A) a. 1/(0.03) 2 = 1111 people, b. 1/(0.07) 2 = 204 people, c. As the margin of error is increased, the required
sample size decreases.
B) a. 1/0.03 = 33 people, b. 1/0.07 = 14 people, c. As the margin of error is increased, the required sample size
decreases.
C) a. 302 = 900 people, b. 702 = 4900 people, c. As the margin of error is increased, the required sample size
also increases.
D) a. 3 2 = 9 people, b. 7 2 = 49 people, c. As the margin of error is increased, the required sample size also
increases.
Answer: A
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33) In a study, researchers wanted to estimate the percentage of high school seniors who planned to major in an art
b. If they were able to increase the number of study participants, what could happen to their margin of error?
A) a. 1/(0.09) 2 = 123 seniors, b. If they could increase the number of study participants, their margin of error
could decrease.
B) a. 1/(0.09) 2 = 123 seniors, b. If they could increase the number of study participants, their margin of error
could also increase.
C) a. 9 2 = 81 seniors, b. If they could increase the number of study participants, their margin of error could
decrease.
D) a. 9 2 = 81 seniors, b. If they could increase the number of study participants, their margin of error could
also increase.
Answer: A
7.5 Comparing Two Population Proportions with Confidence

1 Find and Interpret Confidence Intervals for Two Population Proportions
Obtain the required confidence interval for the difference between two population proportions. Assume that
independent simple random samples have been selected from the two populations.
1) In a random sample of 36 Democrats from one city, 18 approved of the mayorʹs performance. In a random
sample of 48 Republicans from the city, 28 approved of the mayorʹs performance. Find a 90% confidence
interval for the difference between the proportions of Democrats and Republicans who approve of the mayorʹs
performance.
A) (-0.264, 0.097) B) (0.285, 0.715) C) (0.320, 0.680) D) (0.286, 0.715)
Answer: A
2) A survey found that 37 of 74 randomly selected women and 47 of 74 randomly selected men follow a regular
exercise program. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of women and
men who follow a regular exercise program.
A) (-0.293, 0.023) B) (-0.323, 0.688) C) (0.342, 0.658) D) (0.312, 0.688)
Answer: A
Solve the problem.

3) A polling agency wants to compare support for the presidentʹs foreign policies between men and women. They
surveyed 2500 U.S. citizens and found a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions between men
and women who support the presidentʹs foreign policies as ( -0.05 to -0.025) where population 1 is men and
population 2 is women. Select the correct interpretation of this result.
A) The interval estimates that p 1 – p 2 < 0 which shows that women are more likely than men to support with
the presidentʹs foreign policies.
B) The interval estimates that p 1 – p 2 < 0 which shows that men are more likely than women to support with
the presidentʹs foreign policies.
C) The interval does not contain 0, which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions
between men and women.
D) The number surveyed should be increased to increase the accuracy of the confidence interval.
Answer: A
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4) Confidence intervals can be used to determine whether different sample proportions reflect a ʺrealʺ difference
in the population. The basic approach is to...
A) find the margin of error for each proportion and see if the difference is less than zero.
B) find the difference in the proportions and see if the difference is less than zero.
C) find a confidence interval at the significance level desired for the difference in proportions.
D) find the difference in the proportions and see if the difference is greater than zero.
Answer: C
5) A polling agency wants to estimate the proportion of U.S. citizens who support the presidentʹs domestic
policies. They surveyed 2500 U.S. citizens and found a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions
between men and women who support the presidentʹs domestic policies as ( -0.025 to 0.050) where population
1 is men and population 2 is women. Select the correct interpretation of this result.
A) The interval contains zero which shows that women are more likely than men to disagree with the
presidentʹs foreign policies.
B) The interval contains zero which shows that men are more likely than women to disagree with the
presidentʹs foreign policies.
C) The interval does not contain zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions
between men and women.
D) The interval contains zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions between
men and women.
Answer: D
6) A medical study examined data on patients with cardiovascular disease who were currently non -smokers and
those who were current smokers. Population 1 were smokers and population 2 were non -smokers. After data
analysis, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions is 0.015 +/- 0.011. The most accurate
interpretation is...
A) We are 95% confident that the difference in the proportion of smokers compared to nonsmokers is
between 0.004 and 0.026. There is a significance difference indicating higher cardiovascular disease
amongst smokers.
B) We are 95% confident that the interval of the difference in the proportions contains zero. There is not a
significance difference between smokers and non-smokers.
C) We are 95% confident that the difference in the proportion of smokers compared to nonsmokers is
between -0.004 and 0.026. There is not a significance difference in the proportions.
D) We are 95% confident that the proportion of smokers compared to non-smokers is between 0.004 and
0.026.
Answer: A
7) Confidence intervals can be used to determine whether different sample proportions reflect a ʺrealʺ difference
in the population. Explain the method of how this is accomplished and what the assumptions are.
Answer: The method for determining whether different sample proportions reflect a ʺrealʺ difference in the
population is find the difference between the two sample proportions taken from two populations,
subtracting the sample proportion for population 2 from the sample proportion for population 1. Similar
to the confidence interval for a single proportion, a margin of error is calculated that depends on the
confidence level, the sample proportions, and the sample size. The assumptions are that the samples are
random and independent, are sufficiently large taken from big populations.
Page 23
8) A polling agency wants to estimate the proportion of U.S. citizens who support the presidentʹs educational
policies. They surveyed 1500 U.S. citizens and found a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions
between men and women who support the presidentʹs educational policies as (-0.075 to 0.025) where
population 1 is men and population 2 is women. Interpret the result and state if the assumptions are satisfied.
Answer: The interval contains zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions between
men and women. The assumptions are satisfied: the samples randomly drawn from their populations,
samples are independent, with samples large enough from big populations.
Page 24
Ch. 7 Survey Sampling and Inference
Answer Key
7.1 Learning about the World through Surveys
1 Identify Populations, Samples, Parameters of Interest, and Statistics
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) C
6) D
7) A
8) B
9) B
10) B
11) A
12) A
13) C
14) B
15) A
16) A population is a group of objects or people which are being studied. A population is a total collection. A sample is a
collection of objects or people taken from the population of interest. Examples will vary.
17) A persuasive survey question will result in biased results, which may not accurately reflect the true sentiments of the
population. A confusing question with multiple negatives and irrelevant information can result in inaccurate
responses.
2 Determine Whether Sampling Methods are Likely to Result in Representative or Biased Samples
1) D
2) C
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) A
7) FALSE
3 Use Random Number Tables to Select Random Samples
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) A
4 Use Surveys to Make Conclusions About the Population
1) D
2) D
3) A statistic is a numerical summary of a sample of data, examples will vary. A parameter is a numerical value that
characterizes some aspect of the population, examples will vary.
4) Frederickʹs survey may have nonresponse bias. The residents who chose not to participate may have different views
about the survey topic then those who did respond.
5) A
6) A
7) A
8) A
7.2 Measuring the Quality of a Survey
1 Understand Bias and Precision
1) B
2) D
Page 25
3) C
4) B
5) B
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) D
10) B
11) B
12) B
13) D
14) C
15) A
16) Precision means that sampling results are consistent when a sampling method is repeated. The precision of a sampling
method is measured by the standard error. Accuracy means sampling results are centered around the population
parameter. Accuracy is measured in terms of bias.
2 Find the Error in a Sample
1) A
2) B
3) C
4) B
5) 25%; 20 milky-white marbles
6) 4.8%
7) 25%; 4.8%
7.3 The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions
1 Use the Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) B
6) C
7) B
8) D
9) D
10) A
11) A
12) Sample is random and independent—it is stated that this is a random sample and voters are independent. The sample
is large—a sample of 500 is large enough since it will have at least 10 successes and failures (0.45 × 500 ≥. 10 and 0.55 ×
500 ≥. 10). The population is big—A sample of 500 is large enough because the population is at least ten times larger.
13) 4 children, give or take 2 children.
14) 0.103
15) 0.126
7.4 Estimating the Population Proportion with Confidence Intervals
1 Find Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
1) B
2) D
3) D
4) C
5) A
6) B
7) A
8) C
9) A
Page 26
Test Bank for Introductory Statistics, 3rd Edition, Robert N. Gould, Rebecca Wong Colleen Ry
10) D
11) A
12) A
13) B
14) D
15) D
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) C
20) A
21) B
22) A
23) D
24) The 95% indicates that if many polls were taken, 95% of them would result in confidence intervals that include the
true population proportion of residents that support parking restrictions during snow removal. The interval
represents a population estimate +/- a margin of error which depends on the confidence level (95%) and the sample
size.
25) The margin of error is an amount that is added and subtracted from the estimate which provides the range of
plausible values around the sample proportion base on a chosen level of confidence. The standard error measures the
variability of the sample proportion as it varies from sample to sample. It is not about the variability of a particular
sample.
26) 0.032
27) The upper limit would be 37% + 3.2% = 40.2%. The lower limit would be 37% – 3.2% = 33.8%.
(33.8%, 40.2%)
28) Yes, a confidence interval of 55% ± 3.5% would include plausible population parameter values that are greater than
50% so the claim would not be unreasonable.
29) Answers will vary, but should reference the fact that there is no chance that the population parameter will change,
which is implied when one interprets a confidence level as a probability. The correct interpretation is that the
proportion of voters who plan to vote for candidate X is between 51% and 57%, with a confidence level of 95% which
means the process used to produce the interval will capture the true population proportion 95% of the time.
30) A
31) A
32) A
33) A
7.5 Comparing Two Population Proportions with Confidence
1 Find and Interpret Confidence Intervals for Two Population Proportions
1) A
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) D
6) A
7) The method for determining whether different sample proportions reflect a ʺrealʺ difference in the population is find
the difference between the two sample proportions taken from two populations, subtracting the sample proportion for
population 2 from the sample proportion for population 1. Similar to the confidence interval for a single proportion, a
margin of error is calculated that depends on the confidence level, the sample proportions, and the sample size. The
assumptions are that the samples are random and independent, are sufficiently large taken from big populations.
8) The interval contains zero which shows that there is no significant difference in the proportions between men and
women. The assumptions are satisfied: the samples randomly drawn from their populations, samples are
independent, with samples large enough from big populations.
Page 27
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Fill in the blank to complete the statement.

Solve the problem.

Solve the problem.

Provide an appropriate response.

Provide an appropriate response.

Which five friends are chosen?

4 Use Surveys to Make Conclusions About the Population

Provide an appropriate response.

a. What percentage of those persuaded against it support euthanasia?

8) Use the following tables for the problem.

7.2 Measuring the Quality of a Survey

Solve the problem.

3) Which of the following statements is not true about a sampling distribution?

Solve the problem.

2 Find the Error in a Sample

Provide an appropriate response.

Solve the problem.

7.3 The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions

Solve the problem.

Solve the problem.

7.4 Estimating the Population Proportion with Confidence Intervals

Solve the problem.

Solve the problem.

Find the required confidence interval.

14) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

15) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

16) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

17) Complete the statement by filling in the blanks.

Solve the problem.

Solve the problem.

7.5 Comparing Two Population Proportions with Confidence

Solve the problem.

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