bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mseÜb

msÁvt
wKQz gvwU De©iKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv mivmwi evqy n‡Z N2 I wewfbœ bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZ Dcv`vb MÖnY
K‡i, gvwU‡Z ¯’vcb K‡i, gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡i, djb e„w× K‡i, Giƒc mvgwMÖK cÖwµqv‡K
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mseÜb e‡j|

bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mseÜbKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvt

†h e¨vK‡Uwiqv G KvR m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K N2 mseÜbKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv e‡j|
‡hgb :
1. Azotobactor Bacteria
2. Pseudomonas Bacteria,
3. Clostridium Bacteria
G cÖwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb
1. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
2. bvB‡Uªv‡RbRvZ Dcv`vb
evsjv‡`‡ki ‡cÖÿvc‡U bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse܇b M‡elYvt
wKQz e¨vK‡Uwiqv wkg RvZxq Dw™¢‡`i g~‡j bwWDj ‰Zix K‡i|
‡hgb : Rhizobium|
Rhizobium M‡Yi wZbwU cÖRvwZ eZ©gv‡b †`Lv hvq Ges Gm‡ei Avwe®‹viK evsjv‡`kx weÁvbx
nviæb Ai ikx`|
h_v :
R. bangladeshense
R. bine
R. lentis
Azotobactor Pseudomonas Clostridium
 bvBwUªwd‡Kkb
msÁvt
Dw™¢` wewfbœ e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K e¨venvi K‡i gvwU‡Z we`¨gvb A¨v‡gvwbqv‡K cÖ_‡g bvB‡UªU Ges cieZ©x‡Z †mB
bvB‡UªU‡K bvBUªvBU G cwiYZ K‡i gvwUi De©iZv c~‡e©i †P‡q e„w× K‡i, e„w×i GB mvgwMÖK cÖwµqv‡K
bvBwUªwd‡Kkb e‡j|
A_©vr, A¨v‡gvwbqv (𝑁𝐻3 ) †K bvBUªvBU (𝑁𝑂3− ) Gi cwiYZ Kiv‡K bvBwUªwd‡Kkb e‡j|
G cÖwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqvmg~nt
1. Nitrosomonas
2. Nitrococcus
3. Nitrobactor
G cÖwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix ivmvqwbK Dcv`vbmg~nt
1. A¨v‡gvwbqv (𝑁𝐻3 )
2. bvB‡UªU (𝑁𝑂2− )
3. bvBUªvBU (𝑁𝑂3− )
e¨vK‡Uwiqv ivmvqwbK Dcv`vbmg~n e¨envi K‡i †hfv‡e gvwUi De©iZv e„w× K‡it
𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑠,
𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑠
1. 𝑁𝐻3 → 𝑁𝑂2− (bvBUªvBW)
𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
− −
2. 𝑁𝑂2 → 𝑁𝑂3 (bvBUªvBU)

G cÖwµqv‡K †hme e¨vK‡Uwiqvmg~n e¨eüZ nq Zv‡`i Nitrifying e¨vK‡Uwiqv e‡j|

 ivmvqwbK c`v_© cÖ¯‘wZ
`y»RvZ wk‡í (gvLb, `B, cwbi, †Nvj, Qvbv): Streptococcus lactis, Lactobacillus.
wf‡bMvi: Acetobactor Xylinum
j¨vKwUK GwmW: Bacillus Lactiacidi
A¨vwm‡Uvb: Clostridium Acetobutylicum
DPT Ñ wWc‡_wiqv, cvi‡Uvwmm (ûwcsKvwk), wU‡Ubvm (abyósKvi)|
 DcKvwiZv
gyL¯’, †VvU¯’, Kɯ’ I AvZ¥¯’ K‡i wbB
 cÖwZ‡laK ˆZix‡Z|  wfUvwgb (B2, K) I dwjK GwmW|
 cZ½ bvkKi‡Y|  ZvgvK wkí|
 cïi Lvevi ‰Zix‡Z|  Gw›Uev‡qvwUK ˆZix‡Z|
 cqtwb®‹vk‡b|  ‡Zj Acmvi‡Y|
 cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b|  AveR©bv cP‡b|
 Pvgov I Pv wkí|  bvBwUªwd‡Kk‡b I N2 mseÜb|
 ivmvqwbK c`v_© ‰Zix‡Z|  djb e„wׇZ|
 `y» wkí|  ‡mjy‡jvR nR‡g|
 Kwd wkí|
 ‡Uw÷s më ˆZix‡Z|
Q›`: cÖexY PvPv imv‡jv `ya, Kwd, wfUvwgb wgwk‡q ZvgvK Lvq|
ZvB Avw›U †Zj, AveR©bv w`‡q bvkcvwZ d‡ji mvjv` Lvq|
 AcKvwiZv
gvby‡li †ivM m„wó| Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi †ivM m„wó :
Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi †ivM m„wó|  Miæ I gwn‡li h²v|
Dw™¢‡`i †ivM m„wó|  B`y‡ii †cøM|
Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i cPb I welv³KiY (eUzwjRg  nvum-gyiMxi K‡jiv|
Ñ ewUDwjb Ñ C.botulin)|
 ‡fovi Gb_ªv·|
cvwb `~lY|
gvwUi De©iZv kw³ webóKiY|
ev‡qv‡U‡ivwiRg ev ˆRe mš¿vm|
hvbevn‡bi `~N©Ubv (Clostridium)
(wegv‡bi R¦vjvwb bó K‡i)|
 Dw™¢‡`i †ivM m„wó
Dw™¢` Q›`
av‡bi aŸmv †ivM aa
Av‡Li AvVvSiv †ivM Av Av
M‡gi UzÛz‡ivM †Mv Uz
‡jey, U‡g‡Uvi K¨vsKvi †ivM ‡jsKvi
Av‡cj I Zvgv‡Ki eøvBU †ivM Avcy †Zvgv‡K ewj‡Z
wk‡gi wjd¯úU †ivM She lipstick
Avjyi ¯‹¨ve ‡ivM Avjy w`qv dzmKv/Avjy¯‹v
 gvby‡li †ivM m„wó
Q›` : †g‡Wj c‡o wbD RvgvBwU Av‡m, ZvB eD AvR Mvb K‡i nv‡m|

‡iv‡Mi bvg : †gwbbRvBwUm, wWc‡_wiqv, †jcviwm, †cøM, wbD‡gvwbqv, wU‡Ubvm, Gb_ªv·,

wmwdwjm, UvBd‡qW, eUzwjRg, AvbwWD‡j‡UW, M‡bvwiqv wdfvi, K‡jiv, ûwcsKvwk|
 av‡bi eøvBU (aŸmv) †ivM
hv w`‡q nq : Xanthomonas oryzae

‡hfv‡e nq :
1| cÎiÜ« w`‡q RxevYy cÖ‡ek K‡i|
2| ‡ivMvµvšÍ exR|
3| k‡m¨i Aewkóvsk †_‡K|
4| ÿZ I KvuUv ¯’vb n‡Z|
‡h cwi‡e‡k nq :
1| D”P Rjxqev®ú|
0
2| ZvcgvÎv : 25-30 C|
3| AwaK mvi cÖ‡qvM|
4| S‡ov evZvm|
hv nq :
1| `vM (Aa©¯”^ Q, †fRv, j¤^v)|
2| `vM (e„w× cvq)|
3| `vM (njy` Ñ a~mi)|
4| im †ei nq (mv`v `y‡ai gZ)| (ïwK‡q hvq, ‡bwZ‡q
c‡o)|
5| gviv hvq|
6| avbMvQ eܨv nq hvq|
 ‡g‡qi we‡q µvBwmm
wKc‡U evev †g‡qi we‡q‡Z Pv‡ji †ivMvµvšÍ exR wK‡b| k‡m¨i
Aewkóvsk wK‡b| ÿZ I KvuUv gvsm wK‡b| c‡_B ivbœv ïiæ K‡i †`q|
D”P Rjxqev®ú I S‡ov evZv‡mi gy‡LvgywL n‡q Zvi gv_vi ZvcgvÎv
25-300C ‡e‡o hvq| ei Aa©¯^”Q j¤^v,
K‡b GLbI e„w× cv‡”Q| Ggb Ae¯’vq
Mv‡q njy` a~mi n‡q hvq| -------------
hvq| d‡j H †g‡qwU wbtmšÍvb|
 hv Kiv DwPZ
1| fv‡jv Pviv †ivcb|
2| exR cwi‡kvab (weøwPs cvDWvi I wR¼ mvj‡dU w`‡q)|
3| AvMvQvgy³ Kiv|
4| mvi Kg †`qv|
5| exRZjvq cvwb Kg †`qv|
hLb Av‡m : AvMó, †m‡Þ¤^i|