Adults - Both genders - All ages

Energy AR, PRI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3005

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults 18–29 years Male NA 9.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA

PAL=1.4
Adults 18–29 years Male NA 11.2 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 18–29 years Male NA 12.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 18–29 years Male NA 14 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 30–39 years Male NA 9.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 30–39 years Male NA 10.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 30–39 years Male NA 12.2 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 30–39 years Male NA 13.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 40–49 year Male NA 9.3 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 40–49 year Male NA 10.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 40–49 year Male NA 12 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 40–49 years Male NA 13.4 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 50–59 years Male NA 9.2 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 50–59 years Male NA 10.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 50–59 years Male NA 11.9 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 50–59 years Male NA 13.2 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 60–69 years Male NA 8.4 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 60–69 years Male NA 9.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 60–69 years Male NA 10.9 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 60–69 years Male NA 12.1 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 70–79 years Male NA 8.3 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 70–79 years Male NA 9.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 70–79 years Male NA 10.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 70–79 years Male NA 11.9 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 18–29 years Female NA 7.9 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 18–29 years Female NA 9 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 18–29 years Female NA 10.1 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8

Copyright @2019 EFSA 1/4

 Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults 18–29 years Female NA 11.2 MJ/day NA. NA NA

PAL=2.0
Adults 30–39 years Female NA 7.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 30–39 years Female NA 8.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 30–39 years Female NA 9.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 30–39 years Female NA 10.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 40–49 years Female NA 7.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 40–49 years Female NA 8.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 40–49 years Female NA 9.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 40–49 years Female NA 10.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 50–59 years Female NA 7.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 50–59 years Female NA 8.5 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 50–59 years Female NA 9.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 50–59 years Female NA 10.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 60–69 years Female NA 6.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 60–69 years Female NA 7.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 60–69 years Female NA 8.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 60–69 years Female NA 9.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults 70–79 years Female NA 6.8 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.4
Adults 70–79 years Female NA 7.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.6
Adults 70–79 years Female NA 8.7 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=1.8
Adults 70–79 years Female NA 9.6 MJ/day NA. NA NA
PAL=2.0
Adults ≥ 80 years Both NA ND NA. NA NA
genders

AR: Dietary reference values for energy are given as average requirements (ARs) of specified age and sex groups. The AR for energy exceeds the requirement of
half of the individuals of any specified group. The AR for energy relates to groups of healthy people and is of limited use for individuals. They are expressed in
units of energy. 1 MJ = 238,83 kcal
ARs for energy are provided for different levels of physical activity (PAL). PAL values of 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 reflect low active (sedentary), moderately active,
active and very active lifestyles.

PRI: There is no PRI for energy as it would be inappropriate to recommend energy intakes that exceeded the requirement for a large number of individuals. This
would lead to a positive energy balance and promote weight gain.

Dietary fibre AI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1462

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Male 25 g/day NA NA NA NA

Adults ≥ 18 years Female 25 g/day NA NA NA NA

Total carbohydrates RI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1462

Copyright @2019 EFSA 2/4

 Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Male NA NA NA 45–60 E% ND

Adults ≥ 18 years Female NA NA NA 45–60 E% ND

RI: E%: percentage of energy intake

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) AI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both 0.5 E% NA NA NA ND

genders

AI: E%: percentage of energy intake

Eicosapentaenoic acid, AI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Docosahexaenoic acid (EPA, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815

DHA)

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both 250 mg/day NA NA NA ND

genders DHA +EPA

Linoleic acid (LA) AI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both 4 E% NA NA NA ND

genders

AI: E%: percentage of energy intake

Saturated fatty acids (SFA) AI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both ALAP NA NA NA ND

genders

AI: ALAP: as low as possible

Total fat RI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both NA NA NA 20–35 E% ND

genders

RI: E%: percentage of energy intake

Trans-fatty acids (TFA) AI, UL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1461

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Both ALAP NA NA NA ND

genders

AI: ALAP: as low as possible

Copyright @2019 EFSA 3/4

 Protein AR, PRI: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557

Age Gender AI AR PRI RI UL

Adults ≥ 18 years Male NA 0.66 g/kg 0.83 g/kg NA NA

bw per day bw per day
Adults ≥ 18 years Female NA 0.66 g/kg 0.83 g/kg NA NA
bw per day bw per day

AR: ARs have to be multiplied by the reference body weight to calculate values in g/day

PRI: PRIs have to be multiplied by the reference body weight to calculate values in g/day

Copyright @2019 EFSA 4/4