Test Bank For Life Span Development 16th Edition by Santrock

Test Bank for Life Span Development 16th Edition By Santrock
Test Bank for Life Span Development 16th Edition By

Santrock
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-life-span-development-16th-edition-b
y-santrock/
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 07
Test Bank
1. The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n):
A. nutrition program for young children.
B. educational program for young children.
C. program for training kindergarten and elementary school teachers.
D. parenting education program.
Page: 202
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty Level: Easy
Learning Objective: 7.4: Evaluate different approaches to early childhood education.
Topic: Early Childhood Education
2. Sandra has been informed by a pediatrician about the weight gained by her four-year-old son, Manuel, over the last one year. She learns that
Manuel has gained six pounds. Sandra should:
A. be alarmed because this is too much weight gain.
B. be concerned because this is too little weight gain.
C. be positive and change Manuel's diet.
D. be content that this is normal for Manuel's age.
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty Level: Medium
Learning Objective: 7.1: Identify physical changes in early childhood.
Topic: Height and weight
3. During early childhood, girls are _____ than boys.

A. much lighter
B. more muscular
C. slightly smaller
D. considerably taller
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
4. By the end of early childhood, girls have more _____ tissue than boys.
A. fatty
B. muscle
C. epithelial
D. nervous
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
5. When comparing the heights and weights of preschool children around the world, it can be observed that there are:
A. congenital differences.
B. ethnic differences among them.
C. no visible differences.
D. cases of hyperthyroidism.
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
7-1
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
6. What are the two most important contributors to height differences among children all over the world?
A. Nationality and culture
B. Education and exercise
C. Prenatal care and emotional challenges
D. Ethnic origin and nutrition
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
7. Who among the following five-year-olds is most likely to be the tallest?

A. Timothy—White boy, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, and later-born
B. Tina—White girl, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, and firstborn
C. Tyrone—African American boy, urban, middle-socioeconomic-status, and firstborn
D. Tucker—African American boy, rural, lower-socioeconomic-status, and later-born
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
8. The absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow is called:
A. pituitarian deficiency.
B. growth hormone deficiency.
C. perceptual development deficiency.
D. glandular deficiency.
Page: 203
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
9. Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is TRUE?
A. The development that occurs inside the brain ends at the onset of adolescence.
B. By the time a child is three years of age, the brain is 25 percent of its adult size.
C. By age six, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size.
D. The brain of a five-year-old is 60 percent the size of an adult brain.
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Brain development
10. _____ is a process in which nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells.
A. Centration
B. Myelination
C. Tropism
D. Neurogenesis
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
11. _____ involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system during brain development in children
between the ages of 3 and 15.
7-2
A. Centration
B. Myelination
C. Tropism
D. Neurogenesis
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty Level: Hard
12. Scientists have found that there _____ the brains of children between the ages of 3 and 15.
A. are dramatic changes in local patterns within
B. are phenomenal increases in the overall size of
C. are insignificant anatomical changes in
D. are hardly any internal metamorphisms within
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
13. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Researchers have found that contextual factors like poverty and parenting quality are linked to the development of the brain.
B. A study found that higher levels of maternal sensitivity in early childhood were associated with higher total brain volume.
C. Growing up in poverty has no influence on brain development.
D. The brain does not show dramatic growth in overall size from the 3 to 15 year age range.
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
14. Researchers have found that in children from three to six years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the_____ lobe areas of the brain.
A. temporal
B. parietal
C. frontal
D. occipital
Page: 204
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
15. Toby is three years old. His parents are concerned because he is always running and jumping around. He cannot seem to sit still. Even when
watching his favorite movie on TV, he fidgets and wiggles. It is especially frustrating for his parents when Toby does not sit still through dinner.
Which of the following should Toby's parents do?
A. They should have him tested for attention deficit disorder.
B. They should start him on a behavior modification program.
C. They should provide structured, cognitively challenging activities for Toby to develop his attention span.
D. They should treat this behavior as normal and avoid being panicked, as Toby’s behavior is normal for kids in his age group.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Gross motor skills
16. When four- and five-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their:
A. cognitive skills.
7-3
B. fine harboring skills.
C. gross motor skills.
D. reflective skills.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
17. Fred and Wayne are four-year-olds. When they are together, they often wrestle, run, race, push, and shove each other. Although their level of
activity often aggravates their parents, these activities will:
A. help the boys develop their gross motor skills.
B. stop when their brains become better myelinated.
C. be temporary as they will not be friends for long.
D. help the boys overcome narcolepsy.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
18. Gross motor skills are to fine motor skills as _____ is to _____.
A. jumping; writing
B. running; swimming
C. laughing; shouting
D. hopping; walking
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Fine motor skills
19. Debra is a very active child. She loves to tumble and show off. She is always trying what her parents consider hair-raising stunts. She also loves
running and believes she can run faster than her parents. This type of activity level and confidence is most characteristic of:
A. one-year-olds.
B. two-year-olds.
C. three-year-olds.
D. five-year-olds.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
20. Three-year-old Ashley is putting together a jigsaw puzzle. As is typical of her age, she:
A. places the pieces awkwardly.
B. is focused and excels in the task.
C. cannot identify the correct sections.
D. is precise in joining the bits.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
21. Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures. However, he still knocks them over occasionally. Which of
the following is the most likely reason for this?
7-4
A. His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.
B. He tries to place each block perfectly on top of the other, upsetting those already stacked.
C. His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
D. He is showing signs of dyslexia.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
22. Leopold asks his pediatrician how many hours of sleep his young child should be getting each night. He is told that _____ hours of sleep is
essential for the child.
A. 8 to 9
B. 7 to 8
C. 9 to 10
D. 11 to 13
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Sleep
23. Children can experience a number of sleep problems including narcolepsy which is characterized by:
A. extreme daytime sleepiness.
B. difficulty in going to sleep.
C. difficulty in staying asleep.
D. nightmares.
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Sleep
24. Researchers have found that children who have sleep problems:
A. exhibit no related outcomes in adolescence.
B. are less likely to consume alcohol in adolescence.
C. are unlikely to show any variations in brain development.
D. are more likely to be overweight.
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Sleep
25. Short sleep duration in children is linked with being:

A. dyslexic.
B. myopic.
C. overweight.
D. paraplegic.
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Sleep
26. Alex had sleep problems in early childhood, which a study has shown could lead to ______ up into early adolescence
A. anxiety problems
B. attention problems
7-5
C. increased vocabulary
D. difficulty napping
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Sleep
27. Which of the following pieces of information about sleep is false?

A. Research has demonstrated that a consistent bedtime routine in 3 to 3.5-year-old children is linked to increased nightly sleep.
B. Preschool children with a longer sleep duration are more likely to have better peer acceptance and social skills.
C. For 2 to 5-year-olds, each additional hour of daily screen time makes the eyes tired and leads to oversleeping.
D. For 2 to 5-year-olds, each additional hour of daily screen time is associated with decreased sleep time and later bedtime.
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Sleep
28. Which of the following should be minimized in order to improve eating behavior of children?
A. Competing activities
B. A predictable schedule
C. Parents eating healthy food
D. Making mealtimes pleasant occasions
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Obesity
29. Which of the following determines the categories for obesity, overweight, and at risk for being overweight?
A. Weight
B. Average calories consumed daily
C. Waist-to-hip ratio
D. Body mass index
Page: 206
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Obesity
30. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, only children and adolescents at or above the_____ percentile are classified as
obese.
A. 97th
B. 95th
C. 90th
D. 88th
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Obesity
31. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person with a BMI at the 90th percentile is:
A. obese.
B. overweight.
C. at risk of being overweight.
D. underweight.
7-6
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Obesity
32. Six-year-old Gina has a BMI at the 95th percentile. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she is:
A. obese.
B. overweight.
C. at risk for being overweight.
D. not at risk for being overweight.
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Obesity
33. Which of the following statements about childhood obesity is true?

A. Children who are overweight at age 3 are also at the risk of being overweight at age 12.
B. There is no indication that overweight children will become overweight adults.
C. Obesity is not linked to type 2 (adult-onset) diabetes in children.
D. Obesity actually leads to decrease in hypertension levels in children when they are 5 years of age.
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Obesity
34. Guidelines recommend that young children engage in _____ of physical activity per day.
A. half an hour
B. three hours
C. one hour
D. four hours
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Exercise
35. Which of the following helps in increasing the physical activity of preschool children?
A. Family members watching sports on TV together
B. Parents' perception that it is safe for their children to play outside
C. Participating in sedentary outdoor play
D. Incorporation of an "observe and learn" activity curriculum
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Exercise
36. Shawn's mother took him to the doctor as he frequently complained of fatigue. The doctor diagnosed his condition as _____ that results from the
failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green vegetables.
A. growth hormone deficiency
B. binge eating disorder
C. iron deficiency anemia
D. hemophilia
Page: 207
7-7
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Malnutrition
37. Young children from _____ families are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia.
A. urban
B. elementary
C. nuclear
D. low-income
Page: 207
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Malnutrition
38. The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is:
A. heart disease.
B. malnutrition.
C. motor vehicle accidents.
D. domestic violence.
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Illness and death
39. Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?

A. Children are at risk for health problems when they live in homes in which a parent smokes.
B. Most children and adolescents in the United States are exposed to tobacco smoke in the home.
C. Children exposed to tobacco smoke in the home are not more likely to develop asthma than children in nonsmoking families.
D. Parental smoking is the leading cause of death in young children in the United States.
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
40. Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?
A. Decreasing home/school partnerships
B. Reducing playground hazards
C. Reducing pool fencing
D. Reducing frequent parent protective behaviors
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
41. The poor are the majority in nearly one of every _____ nations of the world.
A. five
B. ten
C. two
D. eight
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
7-8
42. Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

A. in the northern hemisphere.
B. with high rates of poverty and low levels of education.
C. where other common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist.
D. where the society is affluent.
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
43. Many of the deaths of young children around the world could be prevented by a reduction in:
A. nutrition.
B. sanitation.
C. poverty.
D. education.
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
44. The second Piagetian stage of development is the preoperational stage that lasts from approximately _____ years of age.
A. 1 to 3
B. 2 to 7
C. 4 to 10
D. 5 to 12
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 7.2: Describe three views of the cognitive changes that occur in early childhood.
Topic: Preoperational stage
45. Six-year-old Patricia loves to draw pictures and describe them. Her ideas are more balanced now. She has started to analyze and understand
things. However, she is egocentric and holds what her parents describe as "magical beliefs." Patricia is in Piaget's _____ stage of development.
A. sensorimotor
B. concrete operational
C. formal operational
D. preoperational
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
46. Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children in this stage of development:
A. cannot yet perform reversible mental actions.
B. cannot yet form stable concepts.
C. are unable to reason.
D. cannot operate electronic devices like TVs.
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
7-9
47. Three-year-old Betty's favorite pastime is scribbling designs that represent her parents, cat, bicycle, and home. This indicates that Betty is in the
_____ substage of Piaget's preoperational stage.
A. symbolic function
B. intuitive thought
C. operational
D. sensorimotor
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Symbolic function substage
48. Three-year-old Ruth draws a picture with lavender, purple, and blue colors intermixed with green, yellow, and brown. "It is a boat in the ocean at
sunset, with whales jumping all around it!" she explains to her teacher. Which of the following does this explain?
A. Animism
B. Conservation
C. Intuitive thought
D. Symbolic function
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
49. The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as:
A. animism.
B. empathy.
C. egocentrism.
D. symbolism.
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
50. While talking to his grandmother on the phone, five-year-old Danny suddenly exclaims "Oh, look at that pretty bird!" When his grandmother asks
him to describe the bird, Danny says "Out there, out there! Right there, Grandma!" He finally gets frustrated and hangs up. This is an example of:
A. animism.
B. egocentrism.
C. intuitive thought.
D. symbolic function.
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
51. A young child might be heard saying "That tree pushed the leaf off and it fell down." The child's belief that the tree is capable of action is referred
to as:
A. egocentrism.
B. conservation.
C. animism.
D. kineticism.
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
7-10
52. "My computer doesn't like me. It keeps eating my pictures" says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of:
A. animism.
B. intuitive thinking.
C. conservation.
D. egocentrism.
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
53. The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately four and seven years of age, is characterized by the use of:
A. reversible mental actions.
B. egocentric views.
C. primitive reasoning.
D. symbolic thought.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Intuitive thought substage
54. Four-year-old Ethan reasons that every time he sees a lightning bolt in the sky, angels are turning on their flashlights. Ethan's primitive reasoning
about lightning is characteristic of:
A. symbolic function.
B. intuitive thought.
C. egocentrism.
D. centration.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
55. Piaget called the second substage in preoperational thought intuitive because of the absence of the use of _____ by children in this stage.
A. symbolic function
B. primitive reasoning
C. centration
D. rational thinking
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
56. Juan and his little sister, Anne, are each given a large cookie. Their mother breaks Anne's cookie into four pieces to enable her to eat it easily.
Juan immediately begins to cry and says that it is not fair for his sister to get so many cookies when he only has one. Juan is showing a lack of:
A. constancy.
B. conservation.
C. intuition.
D. symbolic function.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Conservation
7-11
57. Which of the following best describes the relation between centration and conservation?
A. Conservation requires centration.
B. Centration is due to lack of conservation.
C. Centration is reflected in lack of conservation.
D. Conservation is independent of centration.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Centration
58. Centration inhibits the ability to categorize items because it prevents one from:
A. focusing only on one feature.
B. considering combinations of features.
C. having a perspective that is different from one's own.
D. distinguishing between animate and inanimate objects.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Centration
59. In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement:
A. do not change an object's basic properties.
B. affect an object's inherent features.
C. determine the total volume needed for a given task.
D. must be considered before the characteristics of an object can be determined.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Centration
60. In Piaget's theory, failing the conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates:

A. that a child is at the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
B. that a child is unable to think fluidly.
C. centration.
D. rational thought.
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Centration
61. According to Rochel Gelman, _____ is especially important in explaining conservation.

A. the age of a child
B. heredity
C. attention
D. intuition
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Centration
62. Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for:

A. a young adult's cognitive development achieved through interaction with children.
B. the variety of work that a child can do with ease at a particular stage of cognitive development.
7-12
C. how the environment and a child's genetically programmed learning ability interact during a critical period.
D. the range of tasks difficult for a child to master alone but that can be learned with help from adults.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Zone of proximal development
63. A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone of proximal development (ZPD) if:
A. the toddler has mastered all the skills necessary.
B. parents or teachers do not interfere.
C. the task is too difficult for the child to accomplish on his own.
D. the toddler takes no help from a parent or teacher.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
64. Kevin is just learning to walk. He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands to hold on to a piece of furniture for support. He can walk
into the middle of a room only if one of his parents holds his hands. Which of the following represents the lower limit of Kevin's zone of proximal
development (ZPD) for walking?
A. Kevin learning to run after he has mastered walking by himself
B. Kevin going back to crawling when he becomes frustrated trying to walk by himself
C. Kevin walking alone by holding onto a piece of furniture with his hands
D. Kevin learning to walk by having his parents hold one of his hands
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
65. Three-year-old Sharon can solve 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own but needs her parents' help to solve 6-piece jigsaw puzzles. Which of the
following represents the upper limit of Sharon's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for solving such puzzles?
A. Sharon moving on to 10-piece puzzles
B. Sharon solving a 6-piece puzzles on her own
C. Sharon helping her two-year-old brother with 4-piece puzzles
D. Sharon mastering 4-piece puzzles
Page: 213
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
66. Which of the following did Vygotsky call the "buds" or "flowers" of development?
A. Tasks a child can accomplish independently
B. Intuitive thinking and rational thinking
C. A child's cognitive skills in the process of maturing
D. A child's gross motor skills that are fully developed
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
67. When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children
succeed. As the children indicate that they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw the support. This shows the adults' involvement
in the children's:
7-13
A. zone of proximal development.
B. development of conservational abilities.
C. enhancement of intuitive reasoning.
D. process of centration.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
68. Which of the following refers to teachers' adjustment of their level of support and guidance to the level of skill of the student?
A. Accommodation
B. Regulation
C. Scaffolding
D. Assimilation
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Scaffolding
69. Over the past week, Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces. Initially, his mother held his hands and worked his fingers through the
process. Now that Walter is better at it, she only guides him verbally. Which of the following is this an example of?
A. How heredity shapes cognitive development
B. Intuitive reasoning
C. Scaffolding
D. Conservation
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
70. When four-year-old Jared plays, he often talks to himself. This form is self-talk is used for self-regulation. Developmentalists call this:
A. mindstream.
B. drawling.
C. lisping.
D. private speech.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Language and thought
71. Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language?
A. Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate.
B. Thought depends on language, so they are merged throughout development.
C. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development.
D. Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
72. In the development of language and thought, _____.

A. internal speech precedes private speech
B. internal and external speech develop simultaneously
7-14
C. external speech precedes internal speech
D. external speech develops after internal speech
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
73. Four-year-old Michelle talks to herself frequently and especially when she is trying to solve a difficult problem. Lev Vygotsky would say that
Michelle is:
A. engaging in egocentric and immature thinking.
B. likely to be socially competent.
C. functioning at the upper limit of her zone of proximal development (ZPD).
D. engaging in scaffolding.
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
74. Three-year-old Amy walks by her grandmother's collection of glass animals and says "Those are a 'no-no'; don't touch." It would appear that Amy
is using _____ to regulate her own behavior.
A. mindstream
B. intuitive reasoning
C. private speech
D. symbolic function
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
75. Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

A. IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities.
B. A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities.
C. A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism.
D. Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development.
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Teaching strategies
76. Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?
A. A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete on their own.
B. An instructor helps students with laboratory work showing them how to do things the students cannot yet do.
C. A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and assesses their learning capabilities.
D. An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their mental abilities on varying subjects.
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Analyze
77. Which of the following educational strategies would Vygotsky say should be incorporated in classrooms?
A. Making each child responsible for his or her work without relying on peers or teachers for support
B. Formal, standardized tests to assess children's learning
C. Discouraging distractions like self-talk or private talk
7-15
D. Offering just enough assistance to a child to accomplish a task
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Understand
78. Vygotsky's view of the importance of _____ on children's development fits with the current belief that it is important to evaluate the contextual
factors in learning.
A. autonomy
B. sociocultural influences
C. economic status of teachers
D. scaffolding
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Evaluating Vygotsky's theory
79. In moving from Piaget to Vygotsky, the conceptual shift is one from:
A. the individual to collaboration.
B. collaboration to sociocultural activity.
C. construction to discovery.
D. socializing to operational thought.
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
80. Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:

A. self-discovery.
B. social interaction.
C. reorganization of existing knowledge.
D. transforming previous knowledge.
Page: 217
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
81. Tools of the Mind is a program that is grounded in _____ theory of cognitive development.
A. Vygotsky's
B. Erikson's
C. Sternberg's
D. Piaget's
Page: 216
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
82. In a Tools of the Mind classroom, _____ has a central role.

A. nutrition
B. didactic lecture
C. dramatic play
D. abstract presentation
7-16
Page: 216
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
83. Tale is in a Tools of the Mind classroom. His teacher guides him to plan his own message by drawing a line to stand for each word he says. Tale
then repeats the message, pointing to each line as he says the word. Finally, he writes on the lines, trying to represent each word with some letters or
symbols. This process is called:
A. model drawing.
B. scaffolding writing.
C. word visualizing.
D. positive role-play.
Page: 216
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
84. Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

A. Vygotsky was specific about age-related changes and generalized all individuals.
B. Vygotsky overemphasized the role of language in thinking.
C. Vygotsky particularly described how changes in socioemotional capabilities contribute to cognitive development, which is highly subjective.
D. Vygotsky laid no emphasis on guidance, which plays an important role in learning.
Page: 216
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
85. _____ attention involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and
dealing with novel or difficult circumstances.
A. Salient
B. Relevant
C. Executive
D. Sustained
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Attention
86. _____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or other aspect of the environment.
A. Salient
B. Relevant
C. Executive
D. Sustained
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Attention
87. A police officer visits Ben and Heather's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons and
many jars of bubbles for the children to blow. Later, Heather tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the
safety rules the officer presented. Heather obviously paid more attention to what was:
A. salient.
B. relevant.
7-17
C. habituated.
D. intended.
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Attention
88. A police officer visits Timothy and Evelyn's class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings colorful balloons
and many jars of bubbles for the children to blow. Later, Timothy tells his parents about all the safety rules the officer discussed. Timothy obviously
paid attention to what was:
A. salient.
B. relevant.
C. habituated.
D. superfluous.
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Attention
89. After the age of _____, children attend more efficiently to the dimensions of the task that are relevant.
A. three or four
B. four or five
C. six or seven
D. five or six
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Attention
90. The ability of preschool children to control and sustain their attention is related to:
A. school readiness and focus.
B. decreased likelihood of obesity.
C. increased short-term memory capacity.
D. increase in implicit memory.
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Attention
91. When experimenters ask children to judge whether two complex pictures are the same, preschool children tend to use a haphazard comparison
strategy, not examining all of the details before making a judgment, exhibiting a lack of:
A. conservation.
B. attention to the salient.
C. centration.
D. planfulness.
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Attention
92. In Central European countries, such as Hungary, kindergarten children participate in exercises designed to improve their _____. An eye-contact
exercise in which the teacher sits in the center of a circle of children and each child is required to catch the teacher's eye before being permitted to
leave the group is an example of this type of exercise.
7-18
A. hand-eye coordination
B. attention
C. social skills
D. creativity
Page: 218
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Attention
93. In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to _____ if there is no rehearsal of the information.
A. 30 seconds
B. 15 minutes
C. 5 hours
D. 2 days
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Memory
94. Irene is taking a test where she hears a random list of numbers that she is asked to repeat in the right order. Irene is having her _____ memory
tested.
A. recognition
B. implicit
C. procedural
D. short-term
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Memory
95. Using rehearsal, we can keep information in short-term memory for a much longer period. In this context, rehearsal means:
A. preparing for a memory-span test.
B. doing mental exercises daily to keep the mind sharp.
C. repeating information after it has been presented.
D. taking regular memory-span tests.
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Memory
96. Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

A. short-term memory increases during early childhood.
B. long-term memory reaches maturation by early childhood.
C. memory span depends on one's ethnic origin.
D. heredity is one of the major factors affecting memory.
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Memory
97. In a study comparing the memory spans of preschool and elementary school children, the latter group consistently scored better. This apparent
increase in memory span with age could be explained partly by how:
A. the peer group plays a part in short-term memory.
7-19
B. older children rehearse the digits from the test more than younger children do.
C. elementary schools practice scaffolding.
D. memory-span tests are not always an accurate measure of short-term memory.
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Analyze
Topic: Memory
98. Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at the trial. The defense argued that her testimony would be invalid because:
A. at her age, she has no long-term memories.
B. her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion.
C. she is more likely to embellish her memories.
D. children cannot recall details of events sequentially.
Page: 219
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Memory
99. ________________ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher level processes connected to the prefrontal cortex that
play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.
A. Executive attention
B. Executive function
C. Prefrontal control
D. Prefrontal inhibition
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Memory
100. The theory of _____ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
A. self-awareness
B. recognition
C. mind
D. consciousness
Page: 222
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Theory of mind
101. In the context of perception, by _____ years of age, a child recognizes that another person will see what is in front of his or her own eyes instead
of what is in front of the child's eyes.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
Page: 222
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
102. 18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole. This indicates that:
A. he will also like spinach when he grows up.
B. he recognizes that someone else may have different desires from his own.
C. he has started to recognize false beliefs.
7-20
D. he has started to understand that people can have ambivalent feelings.
Page: 222
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
103. The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
104. One of the criticisms for using a false-belief task as an indicator for understanding the thoughts of children is that:
A. a false-belief task is a complicated one that involves a number of factors.
B. it has at least four possible outcomes.
C. a false belief task is too simple.
D. it is irrelevant, as by the preschool years children have a deepening appreciation of the mind.
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
105. It is only by age seven that children begin to recognize all of the following EXCEPT:
A. there can be more than one correct opinions on an issue.
B. people's behaviors do not necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings.
C. people have different interpretations of the same event.
D. people can have ambivalent feelings.
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Understand
106. Several operations, such as inhibition and planning, that are important for flexible, future-oriented behavior and may also be connected to theory
of mind development are known as:
A. operational thought.
B. instrumental activities.
C. executive function.
D. intuitive reasoning.
Page: 224
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
107. A group of children were put through a task in which they were asked to say the word "night" when they saw a picture of a sun and the word
"day" when they saw a picture of a moon and stars. This is an example of a(n) _____ function that describes several functions, such as inhibition and
planning, that are important for flexible, future-oriented behavior.
A. executive
B. social
C. recall
7-21
D. dynamic
Page: 224
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
108. Approximately _____ children is estimated to have some sort of autism spectrum disorder.
A. 1 in 50
B. 1 in 150
C. 1 in 300
D. 1 in 500
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
109. It is now accepted that autism is linked to:

A. genetic and brain abnormalities.
B. personality characteristics of the parents.
C. ineffective vaccination.
D. proximity to toxic waste disposal sites.
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
110. Cynthia shows a number of behaviors different from children her age, including deficits in social interaction and communication as well as
repetitive behaviors or interests. She is indifferent toward others and prefers to be alone. She is more interested in objects than people. It is MOST
likely that she suffers from:
A. insomnia.
B. narcolepsy.
C. anemia.
D. autism.
Page: 223
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
111. Which of the following statements regarding autism in children is TRUE?

A. Higher-functioning children with autism show reasonable progress in understanding others' desires.
B. Children with autism have difficulty in understanding others' beliefs and emotions solely due to theory of mind deficits.
C. Children with autism are a homogeneous group.
D. Children with autism usually perform well on false-belief tasks.
Page: 224
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
112. Pointing to a tree, young Leo says "Bird flied away." Leo's interesting but incorrect use of "-ed" in "flied" shows that he is trying to learn the
_____ rules of language.
A. phonological
B. morphological
C. pragmatic
7-22
D. syntactic
Page: 225
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Learning Objective: 7.3: Summarize how language develops in early childhood.
Topic: Understand phonology and morphology
113. 3-year-old Zelda always asks questions like "Where Daddy is going?" and "What Mommy is doing?" This indicates that she is yet to learn the
auxiliary-inversion rule and also to apply the rules of:
A. pragmatics.
B. morphology.
C. syntax.
D. phonology.
Page: 226
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Changes in syntax and semantics
114. Jean Berko's experiment involving "wugs" demonstrated that young children who took part in the experiment knew:
A. the phonological rules.
B. the rules of syntax.
C. the pragmatic rules.
D. the morphological rules.
Page: 226
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
115. By the time they enter first grade, it is estimated that children know about _____ words.
A. 1,200
B. 8,000
C. 14,000
D. 5,000
Page: 226
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
116. Around _____ years of age, children learn to change their speech style to suit the situation.
A. six to seven
B. seven to eight
C. two to three
D. four to five
Page: 227
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Advances in pragmatics
117. Five-year-old Donna speaks in shorter, simpler sentences to her baby brother. She speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a
more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of:
A. pragmatics.
B. morphology.
C. syntax.
D. phonology.
7-23
Page: 227
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Advances in pragmatics
118. Developmentally appropriate practices at the kindergarten level are likely to be:
A. child-centered.
B. standardized.
C. purpose-centered.
D. achievement-oriented.
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Early Childhood Education
119. The _____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.
A. child-centered kindergarten
B. Montessori approach
C. developmentally appropriate practice
D. developmentally inappropriate practice
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Montessori approach
120. Nurturing is a key aspect of the _____, which emphasizes the education of the whole child and concern for his or her physical, cognitive, and
socioemotional development.
A. child-centered kindergarten
B. Montessori approach
C. developmentally appropriate practice
D. Reggio Emilia approach
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Child-centered education
121. Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity. She plays with the different toys she chooses, and
her teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?
A. Kindergarten
B. Rogerian
C. Montessori
D. Success-oriented
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
122. Which of the following is a criticism related to the Montessori approach?

A. It lays too much emphasis on social interaction.
B. It does not employ self-corrective materials.
C. It lays too much emphasis on imaginative play.
D. It neglects children's socioemotional development.
7-24
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
123. _____ is based on knowledge of the typical progress of children within an age span, as well as the uniqueness of the child.
A. The child-centered kindergarten
B. Developmentally appropriate practice
C. The Montessori approach
D. The success-oriented approach
Page: 230
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Developmentally appropriate practice
124. In 1965, the federal government began an effort to break the cycle of poverty and poor education for young children in the United States
through:
A. the Maria Montessori Program.
B. Emancipation Undertaking.
C. the Reggio Emilia Project.
D. Project Head Start.
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Project head start
125. Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ of age.
A. three to five years
B. birth to six years
C. five to seven years
D. birth to three years
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
126. Which of the following is TRUE about Head Start programs?

A. They only provide for low-income families.
B. They focus on children of a particular ethnic origin.
C. They have negative effect on young children's language development.
D. They are funded by the private corporate sector.
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
127. Two current controversies in early childhood education involve:

A. curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States.
B. the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all.
C. the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms.
D. Christian holidays for all and boarding schools.
Page: 232
7-25
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Curriculum
128. Competent early childhood programs should focus:

A. on cognitive development and socioemotional development.
B. exclusively on cognitive development.
C. on preoperational skills.
D. on academics alone.
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Curriculum
129. Which of the following was cited by Zigler and his colleagues supporting universal preschool in the United States?
A. It is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are disadvantaged rather than funding preschool education for all
four-year-old children.
B. The quality of inner-city schools has often been found to be questionable.
C. Research has proven that the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often overstated.
D. Universal preschool would bring billions of dollars of cost savings because of a diminished need for remedial and justice services.
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Universal preschool education
130. Critics of universal preschool education argue that:

A. quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.
B. research has not proven that non-disadvantaged children benefit from attending a preschool.
C. the gains attributed to preschool and kindergarten education are often understated.
D. quality preschool programs increase the likelihood that the child will drop out of school later.
Page: 231
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
131. Critics of universal preschool education say that:

A. quality preschools prepare children for school readiness and academic success.
B. it is more important to improve preschool education for young children who are disadvantaged rather than funding preschool education for all
four-year-old children.
C. preschool programs decrease the likelihood that once children go to elementary and secondary school they will be retained in a grade or drop out
of school.
D. there is too much pressure on young children to achieve and that universal preschool education does not provide any opportunities to actively
construct knowledge.
Page: 232
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
132. Identify the researcher who showed that when the child's attention to relevant aspects of the conservation task is improved, the child is more
likely to conserve.
Rochel Gelman
Page: 212
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
7-26
Topic: Centration
133. Identify a cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.
Lev Vygotsky
Page: 213
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
134. Identify an Italian physician-turned-educator who at the beginning of the twentieth-century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's
education. In this approach, children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.
Maria Montessori
Page: 229
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
135. Identify a common nutritional problem in early childhood that results from the failure to eat adequate amounts of quality meats and dark green
vegetables and causes chronic fatigue.
Iron deficiency anemia
Page: 208
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Exercise
136. Identify the substage of preoperational thought in which the young child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.
Symbolic function substage
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
137. Identify the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.
Egocentrism
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
138. Identify the term for awareness of young children that helps them to know that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change
its basic properties.
Conservation
Page: 211
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Conservation
139. Identify the term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone but that can be learned with the guidance and assistance
of adults or more-skilled children.
Zone of proximal development
Page: 214
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
7-27
140. Identify the term that refers to the awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
Theory of mind
Page: 222
141. Au
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
141. Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also
emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a
________.
developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)
Page: 230
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Developmentally appropriate practice
142. What are signs of vision problems in children?
Children with vision problems rub their eyes, blink or squint excessively, and appear annoyed when they play games that require good distance
vision, shutting or covering one eye, and tilting the head or thrusting it forward when looking at something.
Page: 205
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Visual Perception
143. Define what Piaget meant by an operation. What would be one task that preoperational children fail at because they lack operations?
An operation is a reversible mental action that allows children to do mentally what before they could only do physically. Tasks that illustrate lack of
operations could be conservation, serration, the three mountain task, and so on.
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
144. Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.
The Piagetian preoperational stage in cognitive development can be divided into two substages: the symbolic function substage and the intuitive
thought substage. The symbolic function substage occurs roughly between the ages of two and four. In this substage, the young child gains the ability
to mentally represent an object that is not present but still suffer from limitations like egocentrism and animism. The intuitive thought substage
occurs between approximately four and seven years of age when children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to
questions.
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
145. What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children
mathematics within the zone?
The zone of proximal development (ZPD), developed by Lev Vygotsky, consists of the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master
alone but can be learned with the guidance and assistance of adults or more-skilled children. The lower limit of the ZPD is the level of skill reached
by the child working independently. The upper limit is the level of additional responsibility the child can accept with the assistance of an able
7-28
instructor.
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Scaffolding
146. List three ways by which Lev Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms.
Some of the ways by which Vygotsky's theory can be incorporated in classrooms are:
1) Assess the child's zone of proximal development.
2) Use the child's ZPD in teaching.
3) Use more-skilled peers as teachers.
4) Place instruction in a meaningful context.
5) Transform the classroom with Vygotskian ideas.
Page: 215
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
147. Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.
One criticism of Vygotsky's theory is that Vygotsky was not specific enough about age-related changes. Another criticism is that Vygotsky did not
adequately describe how changes in socioemotional capabilities contribute to cognitive development.
Page: 217
APA LO: 1.1
Bloom's: Remember
148. Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.
One of the reasons that memory span improves with age is that rehearsal of information is important in increasing short-term memory. Older children
rehearse the digits from the test more than younger children do. Speed—especially the speed with which memory items can be identified—and
efficiency of processing information are important, too.
Page: 210
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Memory
149. Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.
Several factors can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory. There are age differences in children's susceptibility to suggestion.
Preschoolers are the most suggestible age group in comparison with older children and adults. There are individual differences in susceptibility.
Some preschoolers are highly resistant to interviewers' suggestions, whereas others immediately succumb to the slightest suggestion. Interviewing
techniques can produce substantial distortions in children's reports about highly salient events.
Page: 219-220
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Memory
150. Arielle took part in one of Walter Mischel’s delay of gratification studies. She was able to stop herself from eating the marshmallow by
humming a song to herself. What does research suggest about her future?
Research suggests that Arielle will be more successful than those who failed to delay gratification, as delaying gratification relates to higher SAT
scores, a higher GPA at the end of college, as well as improved stress coping as an adolescent and emerging adult. Furthermore, Arielle would be
more likely to have a lower BMI and be happier than those who couldn’t delay gratification in preschool.
7-29
Page: 221
APA LO: 1.3
Bloom's: Apply
Topic: Memory
151. Briefly describe what is meant by a child's theory of mind? How are false-beliefs tasks useful in assessing the theory of mind?
Even young children are curious about the nature of the human mind. They have a theory of mind, which refers to awareness of one's own mental
processes and the mental processes of others. One of the ways to assess a child’s theory of mind is by false-belief tasks. The realization that people
can have false beliefs—beliefs that are not true—develops in a majority of children by the time they are five years old. This point is often described
as a pivotal one in understanding the mind— recognizing that beliefs are not just mapped directly into the mind from the surrounding world, but that
different people can also have different, and sometimes incorrect, beliefs.
Page: 222
APA LO: 1.2
Bloom's: Understand
152. What factors influence improved literacy in children?
Children must be actively involved in listening, talking, reading, and writing experiences. Additionally, those who had mothers who were more
educated showed higher levels of literacy then those whose mothers had less education. For low income families, how often the child is read to, the
quality of the mother’s engagement, and being surrounded by age appropriate books improved vocabulary development.
Page: 221
Bloom's: Remember
Topic: Literacy
153. What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education?
Critics of the Montessori approach believe that it neglects children's socioemotional development. For example, although Montessori fosters
independence and the development of cognitive skills, it deemphasizes verbal interaction between the teacher and child and between peers.
Montessori's critics also argue that it restricts imaginative play and that its heavy reliance on self-corrective materials may not adequately allow for
creativity and for a variety of learning styles.
APA LO: 1.1

Bloom's: Understand
154. What are the current controversies in early childhood education?
Two current controversies in early childhood education involve (1) what the curriculum for early childhood education should be, and (2) whether
preschool education should be universal in the United States.
APA LO: 1.1

Bloom's: Understand
Topic: Curriculum
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 131
APA LO: 1.1 69
APA LO: 1.2 41
APA LO: 1.3 43
Bloom's: Analyze 2
Bloom's: Apply 41
Bloom's: Remember 68
Bloom's: Understand 43
Difficulty Level: Easy 61
Difficulty Level: Hard 29
Difficulty Level: Medium 64
7-30
Test Bank for Life Span Development 16th Edition By Santrock
Learning Objective: 7.1: Identify physical changes in early childhood. 44

Learning Objective: 7.2: Describe three views of the cognitive changes that occur in early childhood. 84
Learning Objective: 7.3: Summarize how language develops in early childhood. 7
Learning Objective: 7.4: Evaluate different approaches to early childhood education. 19
Topic: Obesity 1
Topic: Advances in pragmatics 2
Topic: Attention 8
Topic: Brain development 6
Topic: Centration 6
Topic: Changes in syntax and semantics 1
Topic: Child-centered education 1
Topic: Conservation 2
Topic: Curriculum 3
Topic: Developmentally appropriate practice 2
Topic: Early Childhood Education 2
Topic: Evaluating Vygotsky's theory 8
Topic: Exercise 3
Topic: Fine motor skills 3
Topic: Gross motor skills 5
Topic: Height and weight 7
Topic: Illness and death 6
Topic: Intuitive thought substage 4
Topic: Language and thought 6
Topic: Literacy 1
Topic: Malnutrition 2
Topic: Memory 10
Topic: Montessori approach 5
Topic: Obesity 5
Topic: Preoperational stage 4
Topic: Project head start 3
Topic: Scaffolding 2
Topic: Sleep 6
Topic: Symbolic function substage 9
Topic: Teaching strategies 4
Topic: Theory of mind 14
Topic: Understand phonology and morphology 3
Topic: Universal preschool education 3
Topic: Visual Perception 1
Topic: Zone of proximal development 9
7-31
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Test Bank For Life Span Development 16th Edition by Santrock

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank For Life Span Development 16th Edition by Santrock

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank for Life Span Development 16th Edition By Santrock

Test Bank for Life Span Development 16th Edition By

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

3. During early childhood, girls are _____ than boys.

7. Who among the following five-year-olds is most likely to be the tallest?

13. Which of the following statements is not true?

Topic: Gross motor skills

25. Short sleep duration in children is linked with being:

27. Which of the following pieces of information about sleep is false?

33. Which of the following statements about childhood obesity is true?

39. Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?

42. Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

60. In Piaget's theory, failing the conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates:

61. According to Rochel Gelman, _____ is especially important in explaining conservation.

62. Zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for:

72. In the development of language and thought, _____.

75. Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

80. Vygotsky believed that children construct knowledge through:

82. In a Tools of the Mind classroom, _____ has a central role.

84. Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

96. Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

109. It is now accepted that autism is linked to:

111. Which of the following statements regarding autism in children is TRUE?

122. Which of the following is a criticism related to the Montessori approach?

126. Which of the following is TRUE about Head Start programs?

127. Two current controversies in early childhood education involve:

128. Competent early childhood programs should focus:

130. Critics of universal preschool education argue that:

131. Critics of universal preschool education say that:

142. What are signs of vision problems in children?

148. Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

152. What factors influence improved literacy in children?

APA LO: 1.1

154. What are the current controversies in early childhood education?

APA LO: 1.1

Learning Objective: 7.1: Identify physical changes in early childhood. 44

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

You might also like