Selected Topics in Computer Science(CoSc4181)

Lecture 04: Augmented Reality

Department of Computer Science

Dilla University

Tsegalem G
2022—Sem II

1
 Outline

 Explain Augmented Reality

 Explain the features of augmented reality

 Explain the difference between AR, VR, and MR

 Explain the architecture of augmented reality systems

 Describe the application areas of augmented reality

2
 Overview of Augmented Reality

 AR is to combine, or mix, the view of real environment with,

virtual content that is presented through computer graphics.

 Virtual content is associated and registered with the real

objects.

 Allows users to join computer generated content in the real

world.

3
 Cont…
 AR refers to a live view of a physical real-world environment
whose elements are merged with augmented computer-
generated images creating a mixed reality.

 The augmentation is typically done in real-time and in similar

context with real environmental elements.

4
 Cont.…
 Enhanced/Augmented by adding virtual computer-generated
information to it such as sound, video, graphics or GPS
data.

5
Virtual reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) vs Mixed
reality (MR)

6
 Virtual Reality (VR)
 Means feeling the imaginary(virtual) world, rather than the
real one.

 Imaginary world is simulation running in computer.

 VR is the term used for computer generated 3D environments

that allow the user to enter and interact with alternate realities.

 Users can move in a digital environment and hear sounds.

 Headsets are connected to computer or a gaming console but

there are separate devices as well.

7
Cont…
 Most separate VR headsets work in combination with
smartphones – you insert a smartphone, wear a headset,
and immerse in the virtual reality

8
 Mixed Reality (MR)
 Referred as hybrid reality, is merging of real and virtual
worlds to produce new environments and visualizations
where physical and digital objects live together and interact
in real-time.

 MR use a projector for displaying images on semi--transparent

materials

 MR allows you to see and immerse yourself in the real world

around you and interact with a virtual environment using
hand.

9
 Cont…
• Example, with MR, you can play a virtual video game, take
your real-world water bottle, and taste an imaginary
character from the game with the bottle.

 Imagination and reality have never been so combined

Mixed Reality in Entertainment

10
Cont…

 The key characteristic of MR is that the artificial content and

real-world content are able to react to each other in real-
time .

 MR provides

 The ability to one foot (or hand) in the real world, and the
other in an imaginary place,

 Breaking down basic concepts between real and

imaginary,

 Present an experience that can change the way you game

and work today.
11
 Differences among AR, VR , and MR
 VR:-content which is 100% digital and can be enjoyed in a fully
immersive environment,

 Require specialized VR headsets, noise-canceling

headphones, cameras to path room space and boundaries, and
sometimes even motion capture technology.

 Some of the biggest names in VR tech today are the Oculus

Rift, HTC Vive, and PlayStation VR.

12
 Cont…
 AR: where virtual objects are place over the real-world
environment via smartphones, tablets, heads-up displays,
or AR glasses.

 Numerous AR apps and games can run on almost every

smartphone on the market.

 MR: A step beyond AR where the virtual objects placed in the

real world can be interacted with and respond as if they
were real objects.

 Still emerging and hasn’t rather broken into the mainstream

consumer market, most likely due to the price.
13
 The Architecture of AR Systems
Usually designed with a basis on three main blocks,

1. Infrastructure Tracker Unit is responsible for collecting data

from the real world, sending them to the processing unit.

2. Processing Unit, which mixed the virtual content with the

real content and sent the result to the Video Out module of
the Visual Unit.

3. Visual Unit:-display output to user.

14
Cont…

15
 Applications of AR Systems
1. AR In education

i. Cheap learning materials - pictures, digital illustrations,

physical models, prototypes are very expensive and it’s
impossible for schools to find enough money to purchase all
the supplementary materials they would like to.

 AR technology allows for avoiding investments in physical

materials.

 Besides, students can get access to learning materials and

interact with them anytime.

16
 Cont…
ii. Interactive lessons - students can view models on their own
smartphones and get better concepts..

 That increases arrangements and supports the learning.

v. Higher engagement

 When teachers integrate AR into their lectures, they attract the

attention of their students and make lessons more effective.

17
 Cont…

Iv. Higher preservation/more knowledge

 AR app, students can access to augmented models that

represent any real objects from a famous monument

 Besides, students can get access to a website with specific

information.

 Students senses and preserve more knowledge for a long

time.

18
 Cont…
V. Boost academic interest

 AR makes students more excited about learning certain

subjects.

 Innovative technologies that can help them learn new ideas

and develop their critical thinking skills.

19
In Medicine
1) Describing symptoms
 Used to show the simulation of the vision, harmed by the
different diseases.

 It helps patients to understand their conditions and describe

correctly their symptoms.

2) Nursing care
 About 40% of the first arterial injections fail, and this ratio is
even higher in the case of children and elderly patients.

 A handheld scanner projects on the skin and shows the patients’

veins.

 It increases the successful finding of the vein from the first try in
20
 3) Surgery

 3D reconstructions of organs or tumors will help surgeons

become more efficient at surgery operations.

For example, spinal surgery, as usually, is a long and

difficult process.

But with the use of AR, it can reduce the time, cut the
risks and improve the results.

 This technology overlays a 3D model of the CT-scan on the

backbone, so, the surgeon gets some kind of “X-ray” vision.

21
 4) Ultrasounds

 Already a few AR software companies developed handy

ultrasound scanner, which with the help of smart glasses
works as a traditional one. .

 It is hard to overestimate the usefulness of this

technology.

 Especially when we talk about using it in the developing

countries, in military medicine (on the battlefields) and even in
the ambulance.

22
 5) Diabetes management
 In 2014, Google open the plans for creating a smart contact
lens (Google Contact Lens), in which the main function will be
to measure the glucose levels in the tears.

 It will help people with this disease to live the life they used
to, without permanent worries about sugar level in the
blood.

23
Generally, AR provides the following benefits to patients
and healthcare workers:
 Reduce risks associated with surgery.

 Better informed decisions about the right treatment and

illness prevention.

 Make procedures more tolerable.

 Medical training and education.

 Assistance in medical procedures and tedious tasks

24
 AR in Entertainment
 AR in games - AR games were celebrated for increasing
physical activity in people.

 AR in music :-We often want to find out more about its

background: performers’ bios, lyrics of the song, making of
the recording or the music video.

 AR can do all that and much more providing complete

information on the track or its performer.

 Enhance live performances by illustrating the story told by a

track or displaying the way it was created by the band

25
 Cont…
 AR on TV :-TV already shows a virtual world, thus adding
AR will increase it to the second power.

 But, some experiments of combining AR on TV are already

being made with the promise of future improvements.

 One way of integrating AR in TV is adding supplementary

information to what is going on the TV screen – such as match
scores, betting options, and the like.

26
 Cont…

 AR in eSports:-Competitive online gaming has become as

fascinating as real sports, and the technology is following it
closely with new solutions and unusual implementations.

 AR turns eSports shows into interactive experiences allowing

the watchers to become participants.

27
 Cont…
 AR in the theater:-The possibility to overlay virtual objects
over the real environment can be used,

 for example, for subtitling in various theater shows.

 Now, many theaters use LED displays either to provide

descriptions for translation or to assist
hearing-impaired visitors.

28
The end

29