Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.

: 10\4\2018

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Aim
1-to find mud cake thickness.
2-to find filtration rate.

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Theory
In the oil industry it has been costumer to describe water loss or
filtration from Bentonite drilling fluids by adaptation of Darcy’s
law to the filtration process, thus the rate of filtration varies
directly with the deferential pressure and permeability and
inversely with the filtration viscosity and the thickness of the
deposited filter cake. Since the thickness of filter cake is variable.
However, it is necessary that the rate of deposition of the filter
cake be related to the volume of filter.in establishing this relation
certain work have made questionable allowance for the water
adsorbed on Bentonite particle with the result that the filtration
equation is not vialed in certain instance.
The filtration relationship maybe derived analytically by the
simultaneous use of Darcy’s law and mass and volumetric
balance on the filtration process. Such a derivations is here
presented. The validity of the filtration relationship presented is
experimentally confirmed using three groups of unlike system
Wyoming Bentonite suspension low yield clay suspension and
sodium carboxymethylecellolose suspension as well as four sets
of clay filtration data from the lecture. (Gray and Robert, G.
(1988)).

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Introduction to experiment

Mud
Standard API Filter Press

Stop Watch graduated cylinder Ruler

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Procedure
1-we have a prepared mud consist of Water, Bentonite, Barite and
Graphite.
2-Asemble the mud cup with Rubber gasket, filter paper, screen.

3-pour a prepared mud into cell body.

4-Place the cell body into the frame and tighten by T-screw.
5-Place a graduated cylinder under the filtrate tube and adjust the
support to keep the cylinder under the filtrate tube.
6-close pressure release valve and increase pressure by move the pump
to up and down until the pressure reach the 100psi or +5psi and starting
time immediately .
7-Allow the test to continue for 30 minutes. And read the volume of water
in graduated cylinder in 10, 20 and 30 min.
8-open the valve to release pressure.
9-remove the cell body by loosen the T-screw and then remove the mud in
the cup.
10-remove the filter paper and measure the thickness of mud cake.

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Calculation
Time(min) V loss (cc)
10 2.8

20 8.4

30 10

Thickness of mud cake = 2.7mm

Filtration rate =Vloss/time =10/30 =0.33cc/mic

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Discussion
Q1\What is filtration?
Ans\ is any mechanical and physical operation that separate solids
from fluid by adding a medium through it while only the fluid can
pass.
Q2\why we use Graphite?
Ans\we use Graphite to increase viscosity of mud decrease
volume loss.
Q3\what is the effect of thickness of mud cake?
Ans\

1-thin mud cake Couse to increase liquid loss.

2-thick mud cake cause to:-

 Tight well cause excessive barrier.

 Increase pressure due to decrease diameter hole.
 Deferential sticking due to an increased problem pipe line
contact with mud cake.
 Excessive formation damage and evaluation problems with
wire line log.
Q4\why the thickness of mud cake are different from group 1
and group 2?
Ans\In group 1 the thickness of mud cake equal to 2.7mm
because we use Graphite to increase viscosity and decrease
the thickness of mud cake but in group 2 the thickness equal to
3mm, the data in group 2 is greater than group 1 because they
didn’t use Graphite.

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

Q5\how many type of filtration do we have?

Ans\

 Static filtration when mud in static.

 Dynamic filtration when mud in circulating.

Q6\what is the things that effect on filtration?

Ans\

1-time:-is effects on the volume loss of the liquid they are directly
proportional
2-they are directly proportional, with increase of temperature
cause to decrease of viscosity and mud cake and increase of mud
cake.
3- They are directly proportional increase of pressure cause
increase of volume loss.
Q7\what is the factor affecting on filtration rate?

 Particle Size of Solids.

 Ratio of slimes to coarser particles
 Filter aids
 Feed solids concentration
 Filter Thickening
 Slurry pH
 Flocculation/Dispersion of fine solids. ...
 Slurry Age
Q8\what is drilling mud cake?
Ans\Mud cake (also mud cake) is the layer of particulates from drill
mud coating (caking) the inside of a borehole after the suspension
medium has seeped through a porous geological formation.
Similar to filter cake.

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Exp.No:8 Group B Date of Exp.: 10\4\2018

References
Gray, R. (1988). composition and properties of drilling and completion fluid,fifth edition. Hooston: Golf
publitiong company.