Test Bank Friedland Relyea Environmental Science For AP

Test Bank Friedland Relyea Environmental Science

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 Key Idea Corresponding
Questions (#)
Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges
1–7; 34–45; 51–55
of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.
Explain the development of modern industrial
agriculture, the role played by inputs such as irrigation
water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the 8–14; 46–50; 60–65
environmental consequences of modern farming
methods.
Identify the benefits and cost of using genetically
15–16
modified organisms in agriculture.
Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods. 17–25
Explain the environmental impacts of various
26–33; 56–59
approaches to raising and harvesting meat and fish.

Chapter 11: Feeding the World

Multiple Choice

1. A steady diet of high calorie, low nutrition fast food may lead to
I. overnutrition.
II. malnutrition.
III. undernutrition.
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I, II, and III
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Definitional
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

2. Industrial Agriculture has many benefits. Which of the following is NOT a benefit associated with
industrial agriculture?
A. The ratio of energy input to calorie output is low.
B. There is larger food production per hectare.
C. Monoculture can be more efficient.
D. Economy of scale can make the food less expensive.
E. None of the above
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.
3. Humans started moving from hunter-gatherer societies to more agricultural societies approximately
____ years ago
A. 1,000
B. 10,000
C. 100,000
D. 1,000,000
E. 10,000,000
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

4. Worldwide hunger reached a low point in 1995–1997. At that time, approximately how many people
worldwide suffered from undernutrition?
A. 1,000,000
B. 10,000,000
C. 375,000,000
D. 500,000,000
E. 825,000,000
ANS: E
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

5. Marine biologists calculate the caloric value of a particular hull to be 2.23  109 kilocalories.
Assuming an energy subsidy of 15, how many calories were put into harvesting the fish?
A. 1.12  108
B. 3.35  108
C. 4.46  1010
D. 3.35  1010
E. There is not enough information to tell.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Analytical thinking
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

6. Place the following in order of increasing energy subsidy

I. Hunting and gathering
II. Corn
III. Eggs
IV. Beef
A. I, II, III, IV
B. I, III, II, IV
C. II, I, III, IV
D. IV, I, III, II
E. IV, III, II, I
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

7. Which of the following is NOT true of chicken and beef production?

A. It takes more than seven times as much grain to produce 1 kg of beef than to produce 1 kg of
poultry.
B. It takes more than one calorie of energy to produce one calorie of beef or chicken.
C. The energy content of 1 kg of beef is equal to the energy content of 1 kg of poultry.
D. Grain fed poultry and beef stocks are both primary consumers.
E. Energy subsidies for beef and poultry vary based on farm size.
ANS: C
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and
malnutrition.

8. Typically, most of the energy subsidies in modern agriculture are in the form of
A. solar power.
B. hydroelectric power.
C. nuclear power.
D. fossil fuels.
E. manual labor.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

9. Mechanization of agriculture is advantageous for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A. machines encourage the growth of several types of plants in a single farm.
B. there is an economic advantage if fuel prices are low.
C. there is an economic advantage if cost of labor is high.
D. staple crops such as beans and corn are more economically harvestable.
E. mechanization allows farms to take advantage of economies of scale.
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

10. Synthetic fertilizers have many advantages over traditional “organic” animal waste fertilizers.
These include all of the following EXCEPT
A. ease of application.
B. highly adjustable nutrient content.
C. bioavailability of nutrients.
D. lack of nutrient runoff problems.
E. highly concentrated when produced.
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

11. Monocropping has a number of disadvantages. These include all of the following EXCEPT
A. erosion due to exposure of large areas of soil during planting.
B. nutrition and pesticide needs should be similar throughout a single crop.
C. pests are more likely to attack a monocrop due to the high concentration.
D. loss of habitat for natural pest predators.
E. reduction of productivity due to loss of nutrient-rich topsoil.
ANS: B
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

12. The U.S. accounts for about what percent of worldwide pesticide use?
A. 20
B. 33
C. 50
D. 80
E. 95
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

13. After many years of applying the selective pesticide provironex, a farmer notices that the
applications seem less effective. This is likely due to
A. the fact that provironex is fat soluble and has been bioaccumulating.
B. provironex is selective, so other pests are filling the niche from the exterminated ones.
C. provironex is persistent, and the farmer should apply less for better results.
D. the target species has begun to evolve resistance.
E. provironex is a wide-spectrum pesticide that needs to be fine-tuned for the target species.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
 irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

14. A substance that kills invertebrates that feed on crops and breaks down relatively rapidly is called a
A. persistent herbicide.
B. nonpersistent herbicide.
C. persistent insecticide.
D. nonpersistent insecticide.
E. pesticide treadmill.
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: DEFINITIONAL
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

15. Scientists have inserted a gene for the production of vitamin A into rice. This practice of changing
the genetic structure of agricultural products to improve desirable traits is known as
A. genetic engineering.
B. transmodification.
C. selective breeding.
D. natural selection.
E. animal husbandry.
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Definitional
Key Ideas: Identify the benefits and cost of using genetically modified organisms in agriculture.

16. Some scientists want to genetically modify crops for pest resistance. Possible strategies include
insertion of the ____ gene from ____.
A. PGlow; Aquia victoria
B. Bt; Bacillus thuringiensis
C. Sonic Hedgehog; Escherichia coli
D. STx1; E. Coli
E. Roundup ready; Conyza biotypes
ANS: B
DIF: D
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Identify the benefits and cost of using genetically modified organisms in agriculture.

17. Which areas of the world are most susceptible to desertification?

A. Existing deserts
B. Humid equatorial regions
C. Temporal Chaparral
D. Areas adjacent to the poles
E. Areas adjacent to existing deserts
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

18. The best sustainable agriculture technique for soil types with low productivity is most likely
A. no-till planting.
B. shifting agriculture.
C. nomadic grazing.
D. conventional agriculture.
E. traditional agriculture.
ANS: C
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

19. Under what conditions do nomadic grazing and shifting agriculture work?
A. Large human populations where economy of scale works in their favor
B. Large human populations where conventional agriculture can be applied more easily
C. Small human populations where subsistence farming is used
D. Small populations where conventional agriculture is used
E. Nomadic grazing and shifting agriculture cannot work due to the negative environmental impacts
that they have
ANS: C
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

20. Which of the following statements about sustainable agriculture is NOT true?
A. Sustainable agriculture is often based on traditional agriculture techniques.
B. A key component of sustainable agriculture is soil protection.
C. Sustainable agriculture is more labor intensive than conventional agriculture, and so cost is an issue
in areas with high labor costs.
D. Sustainable agriculture does not take into account the economic viability of the farmer.
E. Sustainable agriculture uses techniques such as crop rotation, intercropping, and agroforestry to
protect soil substrate and nutrients.
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

21. No-till farming will most likely to lead to all of the following EXCEPT
A. a decrease in the use of herbicides.
B. a decrease in wind erosion.
C. a decrease in water erosion.
D. regeneration of natural soil horizons.
E. a reduction in CO2 emissions from the soil.
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.
22. Integrated pest management (IPM) is likely to use all of the following techniques EXCEPT
A. crop rotation.
B. intercropping.
C. planting herbicide resistant crops.
D. habitat creation for pest predators.
E. increased use of traditional pesticides.
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

23. Integrated pest management (IPM) is especially successful in developing countries because
A. the availability of high-quality pesticides in developing countries is spotty at best.
B. high-input industrial farming is not feasible because farmers lack financial resources.
C. IPM resembles traditional farming techniques so closely.
D. developed nations often offer subsidies to farmers using IPM techniques.
E. IPM has never been successful in developing countries.
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

24. In the United States, organic farming is regulated by the

A. OFPA.
B. FIFRA.
C. FSA.
D. CERCLA.
E. TSDA.
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

25. In order for organic farmers to make a profit (and thus be economically sustainable),
A. manure (organic fertilizer) must be found in abundance in close proximity to the farm.
B. the government must continue to provide an “organic” subsidy.
C. conventional farmers must pay a tax to subsidize the organic farmers.
D. consumers must be willing to pay higher costs associated with organic produce.
E. organic farmers cannot make a profit.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe alternatives to industrial farming methods.

26. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) make meat more economical but may have some
negative environmental impacts. These include all of the following EXCEPT
A. high concentrations of animal waste.
B. increase in nutrients in stormwater runoff.
C. increase in sediments in stormwater runoff.
D. increased use of land area over other types of animal farming.
E. increase in strains of antibiotic resistant microorganisms.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

27. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of free-range meat stock (such as chickens)?
A. Decreased use of antibiotics due to lower animal concentrations
B. Decrease fossil fuel input
C. Decrease in land use when compared to traditional methods
D. Less supplemental feeding of the stock
E. Easier handling of waste by detritivores
ANS: C
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

28. Marine fisheries are particularly susceptible to the tragedy of the commons because
A. fish are r-selectors that experience boom and bust cycles.
B. fish are highly migratory, so they don’t belong to any one nation.
C. pollution is highest in areas with high fish populations.
D. international waters are governed by antiquated nautical law.
E. fishery collapse is viewed by many countries as a sign that they are managing populations properly.
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

29. Many scientists argue that worldwide fisheries are declining, yet the worldwide number of fish
harvested continues to increase. What would best explain this discrepancy?
A. The scientists are being overly cautious.
B. Fisheries are collapsing only in the areas that the scientists are studying.
C. More people are reporting the fish that they catch.
D. Only apex predator populations are collapsing.
E. An increase in fishing technology and increased fishing effort are leading to an increase in catch
despite the declining populations.
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.
30. Most coastal states require shrimping vessels to install T.E.D.s (turtle excluder devices), which
allow sea turtles to pass safely through the net, while still allowing the net to catch shrimp. This is an
example of
A. a bycatch reduction device.
B. state execution of the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
C. the swampbuster provision of the Farm Bill of 1990.
D. managing fisheries for collapse.
E. state execution of the Sustainable Fisheries Act.
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Critical thinking
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

31. Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in fisheries management are similar to cap and trade quotas in
air pollution management. Which of the following is NOT true of ITQs?
A. ITQs show favor to those who have long-term histories in the fishery.
B. Fishermen with ITQs have a secure right to catch their quota.
C. If a fisherman with an ITQ cannot catch the quota, he has the right to sell his quota at market prices.
D. If a fisherman with an ITQ chooses not to catch the quota, he has the right to sell his quota at market
prices.
E. ITQs often lead to intense competition, bigger boats, and more fishing hours.
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

32. According to the Environmental Defense Fund, which of the following fish are “best” choices for
sustainability?
I. Wild Alaskan salmon
II. Chilean sea bass
III. Farmed rainbow trout
A. I
B. II
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I and III
ANS: E
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

33. In the early 1940s, several groups went to India to determine the source of the food scarcity there.
They were astounded to find individuals starving while caring for cows. They would not kill and eat the
cows because they were considered sacred. The source of the food scarcity was
A. economic availability of food.
B. social availability of food.
C. physical availability of food.
D. poor farming techniques based on archaic religion.
E. indeterminable.
ANS: B
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

34. One common definition of famine is

A. a large hunger event brought on by natural disaster such as a plague of locusts.
B. a large hunger event brought on by extreme poverty in developing nations.
C. lack of economically available food for more than 25% of the population.
D. five deaths per day per 10,000 people due to a lack of food.
E. five deaths per day per 1,000,000 people due to lack of food.
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

35. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide 250,000 children go blind
annually due to a lack of
A. caloric nutrition.
B. vitamin A.
C. vitamin B.
D. vitamin C.
E. riboflavin.
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

36. What is the general relationship between meat consumption and affluence?
A. More affluent nations tend to consume more meat products.
B. More affluent nations tend to be net exporters of meat products.
C. Less affluent nations tend to consume more meat because poultry are so easy to raise.
D. Less affluent nations tend to consume less meat because meat is thought of as a trading commodity.
E. There is no apparent relationship between meat consumption and affluence.
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

37. Worldwide, the largest component of the human diet is

A. grain products.
B. meat products.
C. dairy products.
D. raw and processed sugars.
E. fruits and vegetables.
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

38. The WHO defines obese as being

A. 50% below your ideal weight.
B. 20% below your ideal weight.
C. ±5% of your ideal weight.
D. 20% above your ideal weight.
E. 50% above your ideal weight.
ANS: D
DIF: E
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

39. Overnutrition can lead to many maladies. These include all of the following EXCEPT
A. type II diabetes.
B. hypertension.
C. heart disease.
D. stroke.
E. HIV/AIDS.
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

40. Meat consumption in the United States is generally about ____ higher than the rest of the world
A. 75%
B. 100%
C. 125%
D. 150%
E. 200%
ANS: D
DIF: D
MSC: Critical Thinking
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

41. Currently the world’s farmers grow enough grain to feed

A. about a quarter of the world’s population.
B. about a third of the world’s population.
C. about half of the world’s population.
D. about 75% of the world’s population.
E. more than the world’s population.
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.
42. The root cause of starvation worldwide is
A. poor farming habits in developing nations.
B. unequal distribution of food resources.
C. extreme poverty in developed nations.
D. lack of infrastructure in developed nations to distribute food resources.
E. lack of political will to help developing nations.
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

43. An impoverished person who misses a meal is less likely to be able to work for more money, and
more likely, then, to miss another meal. This will lead to
A. a positive feedback loop to remove that person from poverty.
B. a negative feedback loop to remove that person from poverty.
C. a positive feedback loop resulting in ultimate starvation.
D. a negative feedback loop resulting in ultimate starvation.
E. a positive feedback loop resulting in WHO aid for that person and the surrounding village.
ANS: C
DIF: M
MSC: Critical thinking
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

44. When grain and other crops are grown for the purpose of animal feed, all of the following are true
EXCEPT
A. you can feed more people.
B. consumers of the animal products become secondary ecological consumers.
C. thermodynamics dictate that a smaller portion of energy will pass to the next level.
D. more land is required per calorie consumed.
E. the cost of food goes up due to increase in farmer input, fuel input, and competition for grain.
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

45. Per capita grain production worldwide increased dramatically until about ____. It has leveled off
since then and may actually be ____ slightly.
A. 1950; increasing
B. 1950; decreasing
C. 1985; increasing
D. 1985; decreasing
E. 2000; increasing
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

46. The average food item in the United States travels ____ km from harvest to table.
A. 500
B. 1000
C. 1500
D. 2000
E. 2500
ANS: D
DIF: D
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

47. In the United States, ____ % of the total commercial energy budget goes to growing, packaging,
transporting, and cooking food.
A. 4
B. 17
C. 45
D. 68
E. 83
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

48. Early scientists and farmers relied on ____ to increase the yields of particular plant species.
A. genetic engineering
B. transmodification
C. selective breeding
D. natural selection
E. animal husbandry
ANS: C
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

49. Irrigation is an extremely effective way to boost crop production. So much so that it is estimated
that the ____ % of lands that are irrigated produce ____ % of the world’s food.
A. 16; 40
B. 50; 40
C. 75; 80
D. 40; 80
E. 50; 90
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
 irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

50. Synthetic fertilizer use has increased by about ____ % worldwide over the last five decades.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 400
D. 700
E. 8000
ANS: D
DIF: D
MSC: Fact based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

51. Food security involves

I. economic availability of food.
II. social Availability of food.
III. physical availability of food.
A. I only
B. I and II
C. II only
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Concept based
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

NARRBEGIN: Figure 11-1

Figure 11-1
NARREND

52. Use Figure 11-1. Based on the above recommended daily allowances, which of the following
categorical groups would require the largest caloric intake?
A. Adolescent males
B. Adolescent females
C. Infant males
D. Infant females
E. Young men
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-1
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

53. Use Figure 11-1. In general, for females, caloric requirements ____ to age ____, then ____ until
death.
A. increase; 20; decrease
B. decrease; 20; increase
C. increase; 30; level off
D. increase; 30; decrease
E. decrease; 15; level off
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-1
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

54. Use Figure 11-1. In general which gender requires higher caloric intake in any given class?
A. Males
B. Females
ANS: A
DIF: E
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-1
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

55. Use Figure 11-1. A 2-year-old child who eats a high-calorie snack (600 calories) gets ____ % of the
RDA for calories, but runs the risk of ____ because of the low nutritional value of the snack.
A. 50; undernutrition
B. 50; overnutrition
C. 60; undernutrition
D. 60; overnutrition
E. 100; undernutrition
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Critical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-1
Key Idea: Describe human nutritional needs and the challenges of overcoming hunger and malnutrition.

NARRBEGIN: Figure 11-2

Figure 11-2
NARREND

56. Use Figure 11-2. By about how much did aquaculture increase from 1980 to 2000?
A. 10 million metric tons
B. 15 million metric tons
C. 30 million metric tons
D. 50 million metric tons
E. 80 million metric tons
ANS: C
DIF: E
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-2
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

57. Use Figure 11-2. Between which years did global fish production increase the most?
A. 1950 and 1960
B. 1960 and 1970
C. 1970 and 1980
D. 1990 and 2000
E. Global fish production did not increase between any of these years.
ANS: B
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-2
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

58. Use Figure 11-2. In the figure, the global fish production line includes both wild-caught fish and
aquaculture-raised fish. Which of the following statements about fish production is true?
A. In 1950, about half of all fish production was from aquaculture.
B. At all times shown in the figure, more fish have been wild-caught than raised through aquaculture.
C. Around 1970, the number of fish raised through aquaculture briefly decreased.
D. Between 1960 and 1970, the number of wild-caught fish decreased.
E. Between 1990 and 2000, the number of wild-caught fish decreased.
ANS: E
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-2
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

59. Use Figure 11-2. In the figure, the global fish production line includes both wild-caught fish and
aquaculture-raised fish. About how many metric tons of fish were wild-caught in 1990?
A. 105 million metric tons
B. 80 million metric tons
C. 65 million metric tons
D. 15 million metric tons
E. 5 million metric tons
ANS: C
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-2
Key Idea: Explain the environmental impacts of various approaches to raising and harvesting meat and
fish.

NARRBEGIN: Figure 11-3

Figure 11-3

NARREND

60. Use Figure 11-3. If you input a total of 3,000,000 calories of energy into small-scale corn farming,
about how many calories of food will you produce?
A. 300,000
B. 600,000
C. 3,000,000
D. 6,000,000
E. 15,000,000
ANS: E
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-3
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

61. Use Figure 11-3. If you input a total of 3,000,000 calories of energy into far-offshore fishing, about
how many calories of food will you produce?
A. 150,000
B. 1,500,000
C. 3,000,000
D. 15,000,000
E. 60,000,000
ANS: A
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-3
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

62. Use Figure 11-3. If you eat 2000 calories of a typical U.S. diet in a day, how many calories of
energy was needed to produce the food?
A. 200
B. 400
C. 2000
D. 10,000
E. 20,000
ANS: E
DIF: M
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-3
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

63. Use Figure 11-3. For which type of food production are the calories of energy inputs about equal to
the calories of food produced?
A. Grass-fed beef
B. Large-scale corn
C. Hunting and gathering
D. Far-offshore fishing
E. Coastal fishing
ANS: E
DIF: E
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-3
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.
Test Bank Friedland Relyea Environmental Science For AP

64. Use Figure 11-3. If you decide to have 400 calories of grass-fed beef instead of 500 calories of
feedlot beef, about how many calories of energy inputs are you saving?
A. 100
B. 500
C. 1500
D. 4500
E. 8000
ANS: D
DIF: D
MSC: Analytical thinking
NAR: Figure 11-3
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

65. Which of the following problems is directly associated with irrigation?

I. Fishery collapse
II. Waterlogging
III. Salinization
A. I
B. III
C. I and II
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
ANS: D
DIF: M
MSC: Concept based
Key Ideas: Explain the development of modern industrial agriculture, the role played by inputs such as
irrigation water, fertilizers, and pesticides, and the environmental consequences of modern
farming methods.

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